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The article presents the poem "The Old Gum Tree," by Mary Lou R. Sibley. First Line: I walked with children when I was young. Last Line: And we grow closer to God and His Heavenly fold.

High efficiency CO 2 conversion materials are ideal for solar to carbon fuel conversion. Halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are highly desirable as catalysts and have been extensively investigated in the field of CO 2 photoreduction. The major challenge lies in the severe charge recombination and the weak ability to activate CO 2 . Herein, we have identified dispersed Ru nanoparticles anchored on CsPbBr 3 (CPB) QDs as prospective photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction at ambient pressure with light irradiation. The optimized 0.45 % CPB@Ru reduced CO 2 to CO at a rate of 28.12 μmol g -1  h -1 without any sacrificial agent and co-catalysts, about 4 times higher than that of the CPB QDs (7.03 μmol g -1  h -1 ). Experiments and DFT calculations reveal that the as-prepared CPB@Ru showed increased photogenerated charge separation, CO 2 adsorption/activation and lower energy barriers for the formation of *COOH intermediate, which are crucial for enhancing the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity. This work provides a convenient pathway for designing high-performance perovskite photocatalysts with high selectivity and high catalytic activity using metal nanoparticle loading technology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The GLP-1 receptor, one of the most successful drug targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, is known to engage multiple intracellular signaling proteins. However, it remains less explored how the receptor interacts with proteins on the cell membrane. Here, we present a ligand-based proximity labeling approach to interrogate the native cell membrane interactome for the GLP-1 receptor after agonist simulation. Our study identified several unreported putative cell membrane interactors for the endogenous receptor in either a pancreatic β cell line or a neuronal cell line. We further uncovered new regulators of GLP-1 receptor-mediated signaling and insulinotropic responses in β cells. Additionally, we obtained a time-resolved cell membrane interactome map for the receptor in β cells. Therefore, our study provides a new approach that is generalizable to map endogenous cell membrane interactomes for G-protein-coupled receptors to decipher the molecular basis of their cell-type-specific functional regulation., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) in the brainstem serves as a hub for integrating interoceptive cues from diverse sensory pathways. However, the mechanisms by which cNTS neurons transform these signals into behaviors remain debated. We analyzed 18 cNTS-Cre mouse lines and cataloged the dynamics of nine cNTS cell types during feeding. We show that Th + cNTS neurons encode esophageal mechanical distension and transient gulp size via vagal afferent inputs, providing quick feedback regulation of ingestion speed. By contrast, Gcg + cNTS neurons monitor intestinal nutrients and cumulative ingested calories and have long-term effects on food satiation and preference. These nutritive signals are conveyed through a portal vein-spinal ascending pathway rather than vagal sensory neurons. Our findings underscore distinctions among cNTS subtypes marked by differences in temporal dynamics, sensory modalities, associated visceral organs and ascending sensory pathways, all of which contribute to specific functions in coordinated feeding regulation., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

This paper presents an adaptive fast Fourier transform (adaptive FFT) demodulation scheme, aimed at enhancing the precision and noise suppression capability of signal processing in fiber-optic interferometric sensors. By adaptively optimizing the length of the acquired spectrum and dynamically adjusting the frequency domain resolution, the proposed scheme can precisely calculate the eigenfrequency of the reflected spectrum. Therefore, the adaptive FFT demodulation scheme can effectively enhance the extraction ability of phase quadrature demodulation signal. In comparison to traditional FFT demodulation scheme, the proposed scheme demonstrates nearly a tenfold improvement in eigenfrequency calculation accuracy. The experimental results indicate a significant improvement in the stability of the adaptive FFT demodulation scheme. The fluctuations are reduced to approximately 0.03 dB. This value is roughly equivalent to 25% of the fluctuations typically observed in traditional FFT demodulation schemes. Additionally, the adaptive FFT scheme demonstrates superior adaptability to sensors with varying optical path differences (OPDs). It maintains noise levels below -100 dB@1 kHz across sensors with different OPDs, and substantially reduces noise fluctuations compared to traditional FFT scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme exhibits notable advantages in crosstalk suppression for multiplexed signal demodulation. The fundamental frequency crosstalk (FFC) is reduced to below -50 dB, which is approximately 10 dB lower than that achieved by traditional FFT methods. The adaptive FFT demodulation scheme shows promising potential for applications in low noise, high precision, and dynamic signal detection within fiber-optic interferometer sensors and multiplexing arrays.

Inspired by the complex fractal morphologies and deformations observed in animals and plants, an N -dimensional soft structure composed of stretchable electronic bits has been developed. This soft structure, capable of independent and cooperative motion, can be manipulated through the programming of bits using a machine language based on instruction encoding. This method simplifies the process of changing the bit's step temperature to control its binary state. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the fractal dimensions and deformation morphologies of the soft structure achieve stability and extremity when the total number of programming bits exceeds eighteen. Considering strip-shaped soft structures as a case study, their ultimate deformation morphologies, covering the reachable regions of all bits, can achieve complexity comparable to that of dandelion tufts and tree crowns. Moreover, the deformation process exhibits agility akin to that of an octopus. We have prepared samples that include strip-shaped soft structures, each containing multiple pairs of bits, and a hand-shaped soft structure equipped with five pairs of bits, intended for conducting deformation programming experiments. These experimental results validated the correctness of the online reprogramming method for soft structures, showing their capability to perform a range of complex deformations, such as the "OK" gesture, and highlighting potential applications in surgical contexts. This design strategy contributes to the development of soft structures, offering contributions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

Protein asparagine (N)-glycosylation, which promotes folding and trafficking of cell surface receptors such as the EGFR, has not been considered a viable target in oncology due to the essential and non-redundant enzymatic activities required for glycan synthesis and transfer. In mammals an exception to this rule is the presence of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalytic subunit paralogs, STT3A and STT3B. Here we delineate the chemical biology of OST inhibitors and develop an approach for limited inhibition of N-glycosylation optimized for downstream effects on EGFR. Small molecules with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and preferences for STT3A or STT3B were synthesized, characterized in vitro , and advanced to in vivo testing. The lead from this series, NGI-189, causes tumor regression or growth delay of patient derived and TKI resistant EGFR-mutant lung cancer xenografts without toxicity. Together these results suggest that bioavailable OST inhibitors can be developed as therapeutic agents for oncology., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST J.C. and M.V. are listed as inventors on a patent application for the analogs reported in this manuscript.

To facilitate adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy in China, we conducted a study on the distribution of AAV-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in healthy subjects and in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)/Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). A total of 352 healthy adult controls (ACs) from a national multicenter study, 100 schoolchild controls (SCs), and 281 patients with DMD/BMD from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this study. Cell-based inhibition assays were applied, and serum samples demonstrating 50% inhibition of infection were considered positive. The seroprevalence of AAV2 and AAV9 NAbs among the 733 participants was 86.1% and 56.3%, respectively. The AAV2 NAbs and AAV9 NAbs positivity rates in the AC, SC, and DMD/BMD groups were 97.4%/86.6%, 100.0%/17.0%, and 66.9%/32.4%, respectively. The seroprevalence of AAV NAbs gradually increased with age, especially in AAV9 NAbs. Females tended to have higher positivity rate than males. Over 85% of ACs had overlapping AAV9 and AAV2 infection. However, being positive for only AAV2 NAbs in the SC group was common, and 30.6% of patients with DMD/BMD were negative for both AAV2 and AAV9 NAbs. Our findings reveal that a significant proportion of patients with DMD/BMD were negative for AAV2 and AAV9 NAbs, which is the population that is most amenable to being treated with gene therapy.

The intestine, is responsible for food digestion, nutrient absorption, endocrine secretion, food residue excretion, and immune defense. These function performances are based on the intricate composition of intestinal epithelial cells, encompassing differentiated mature cells, rapidly proliferative cells, and intestinal stem cells. Although the characteristics of these cell types are well-documented, in-depth exploration of their representative markers and transcription factors is critical for comprehensive cell fate trajectory analysis. Here, we unveiled the feature genes in different cell types of the human and mouse gut through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Further, the locations of some specific transcription factors and membrane proteins were determined by immunofluorescence staining, and their role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells were explored by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. Therefore, this study not only reports new markers for various intestinal epithelial cell types but also elucidates the involvement of relevant genes in the determination of epithelial cell fate and maintenance of stem cell homeostasis, which facilitates the tracing and functional elucidation of intestinal epithelial cells., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The experiments using human materials have been approved by the Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (M2018083). All relevant ethical regulations of Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee were followed. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Y.-G.C. is the Editor-in-Chief of Cell Regeneration. He was not involved in the review of decision related to this manuscript., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Kagome magnets provide a fascinating platform for the realization of correlated topological quantum phases under various magnetic ground states. However, the effect of the magnetic spin configurations on the characteristic electronic structure of the kagome-lattice layer remains elusive. Here, utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we report the spectroscopic evidence for the spin-reorientation effect of a kagome ferromagnet Fe 3 Ge, which is composed solely of kagome planes. As the Fe moments cant from the c-axis into the ab plane upon cooling, the two kinds of kagome-derived Dirac fermions respond quite differently. The one with less-dispersive bands (k z   ~  0) containing the 3 d z 2 orbitals evolves from gapped into nearly gapless, while the other with linear dispersions (k z  ~ π) embracing the 3d xz /3d yz components remains intact, suggesting that the effect of spin reorientation on the Dirac fermions has an orbital selectivity. Moreover, we demonstrate that there is no signature of charge order formation in Fe 3 Ge, contrasting with its sibling compound FeGe, a newly established charge-density-wave kagome magnet., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The stimulating impact of crop residue return on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from paddy fields have been widely accepted, while the influence of site environmental and human factors on the simulating degree remains unclear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the GHG emissions affected by residue return, and its mitigation potential combined with key factors in paddy fields. Drawing upon 1047 observation sets of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from 155 peer-reviewed publications we found that residue return to paddy fields caused an average increase of 73% CH 4 emissions and 14% in N 2 O emissions. Utilizing meta-analytical models, we identified pH as the most significant driver modulating GHG emissions, followed by soil organic matter (SOC) and total nitrogen. In alkaline soils, combining straw return with intermittent irrigation (285.2%) or mid-season drainage (118.9%) significantly reduced CH 4 emissions compared to continuous flooding (1201.9%). Additionally, pairing straw return with higher nitrogen inputs (above 150 kg N ha -1 ) improved soil N 2 O uptake by -11.5%. In acid and neutral soils, straw carbonization achieved soil CH 4 negative emissions (from -2.9% to -39.3%), but the long-term effects remained unclear. Reduced drainage frequency mitigates N 2 O emissions but may increase CH 4 emissions. To efficiently mitigate GHG emissions, we proposed low-carbon schemes for acid or neutral soils based on specific SOC content: For soils with SOC content <10 g kg -1 , prioritize nitrogen input control with rates not exceeding 174 kg N ha -1 . For soils with SOC content >10 g kg -1 , prioritize adjusting the type of straw. Our study underscores the significance of site-specific factors in modulating GHG emissions. Efficient GHG mitigation can be achieved by combining residue return with other agronomic measures tailored to different soil conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Qianjing Jiang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a treatment for weight bullying., Method: Participants who had experienced weight-related bullying and were currently experiencing traumatic stress were recruited and enrolled in a feasibility trial of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders (TF-CBT-WB). Thirty adolescents (aged 11-17) were determined eligible and 28 began treatment (12 weeks)., Results: This study demonstrated the treatment feasibility and acceptability of TF-CBT-WB for adolescents with traumatic stress following weight-bullying experiences. Overall retention and treatment satisfaction were good. Within-subjects improvements were observed for intrusion symptoms of traumatic stress, global eating-disorder severity, overvaluation of weight/shape, dissatisfaction with weight/shape, dietary restraint, and depression. Clinically-meaningful improvements were attained for several patient outcomes. Clinically-meaningful decreases in functional impairment were attained by more than half of the participants., Conclusions: Overall, this clinical trial testing TF-CBT-WB for adolescents experiencing traumatic stress following weight-bulling experiences demonstrated therapy feasibility, acceptability, and initial evidence that clinically-meaningful improvements in patient outcomes were feasible. However, some patient outcomes thought to be more central to how the youth viewed the world failed to show improvements, suggesting that additional content related to these constructs might yield greater benefit., Trial Registration: This pilot study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04587752, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Weight-related Bullying., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The future deployment of biomedicine fields will require a new generation of biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic hydrogels. Alginate and chitosan, naturally occurring polymers, have gained significant interest for hydrogel applications. However, integrating chitosan within alginate-based hydrogels to form microspheres with homogeneous distribution and a tailored surface charge remains challenging. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of homogeneously complexed alginate-chitosan hydrogel microspheres, demonstrating their ability to enhance the viability and liver-specific functionalities of entrapped hepatocytes. By exploring and optimizing the pH and ratio of alginate and chitosan solutions, we achieved well-controlled physicochemical properties, including the degree of sphericity, hydrophilicity, charge property, and surface roughness. Unlike traditional alginate-based hydrogel microspheres, hepatocytes entrapped in homogeneous alginate-chitosan microspheres displayed enhanced viability and liver-specific functions, including albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P-450 enzymatic activity. This work illustrates a potential pathway for manufacturing functionalized microspheres with tunable mechanical properties and functionalities based on biocompatible alginate and chitosan for hepatocyte applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Lignin as a natural biopolymer is becoming increasingly in demand due to its eco-friendly properties, while lignin-based electrolyte with high conductivity and reliable durability for applications in supercapacitors is still challenging. Herein, a facile method to prepare lignin nanoparticles (LNPs)-based solid electrolyte thin film (LF) was proposed through chemical cross-linking reaction. The fabricated LF exhibited a distinctive spongy porous structure with the ionic conductivity of 3.26 mS cm -1 , demonstrating the exceptional flexibility and favorable mechanical properties. Moreover, the assembly of all-LNPs-based symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) devices was achieved using LF electrolyte and LCA electrodes for the first time, confirming the LF3 electrolyte superior to commercial cellulose separator in capacitive behaviour. This SSC device exhibited a specific capacitance of 122.7 F g -1 at 0.5 A g -1 and the maximum energy density of 17.04 W h kg -1 . Furthermore, the incorporation of sodium alginate (SA) significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity of SA/LF3 electrolyte, and the resulting SSC device delivered a higher specific capacitance of 174.5 F g -1 at 0.5 A g -1 and the maximum energy and power densities of 24.24 W h kg -1 and 5023 W kg -1 , respectively. This study proposes a promising approach for sustainable utilization of lignin in energy storage applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Solid-state electrolytes have received widespread attention for solving the problem of the leakage of liquid electrolytes and effectively improving the overall performance of supercapacitors. However, the electrochemical performance and environmental friendliness of solid-state electrolytes still need to be further improved. Here, a binary biomass-based solid electrolyte film (LSE) was successfully synthesized through the incorporation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with sodium alginate (SA). The impact of the mass ratio of SA to LNPs on the microstructure, porosity, electrolyte absorption capacity, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical properties of the LSE was thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that as the proportion of SA increased from 5% to 15% of LNPs, the pore structure of the LSE became increasingly uniform and abundant. Consequently, enhancements were observed in porosity, liquid absorption capacity, ionic conductivity, and overall electrochemical performance. Notably, at an SA amount of 15% of LNPs, the ionic conductivity of the resultant LSE-15 was recorded at 14.10 mS cm -1 , with the porosity and liquid absorption capacity reaching 58.4% and 308%, respectively. LSE-15 was employed as a solid electrolyte, while LNP-based carbon aerogel (LCA) served as the two electrodes in the construction of a symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor (SSC). The SSC device demonstrated exceptional electrochemical storage capacity, achieving a specific capacitance of 197 F g -1 at 0.5 A g -1 , along with a maximum energy and power density of 27.33 W h kg -1 and 4998 W kg -1 , respectively. Furthermore, the SSC device exhibited highly stable electrochemical performance under extreme conditions, including compression, bending, and both series and parallel connections. Therefore, the development and application of binary biomass-based solid electrolyte films in supercapacitors represent a promising strategy for harnessing high-value biomass resources in the field of energy storage.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which possess rich underlying physical properties that can provide the potential for designing more efficient and compact optoelectronic devices, have attracted great interest among scientists. Due to the atomic-scale thickness and the anisotropy of in-plane conductivity, 2D black phosphorus (BP) exhibits a polarization-dependent absorption spectrum with low absorption, which limits its further development in polarization-independent applications such as light absorbers and sensors. In this paper, a polarization-independent perfect absorber in the terahertz band is proposed, which is composed of a patterned BP monolayer deposited on a lossless photonic crystal (PC) slab with a back reflection mirror. The absorption of the patterned BP monolayer can reach 100% at resonant frequencies through the critical coupling mechanism of guided resonance. Moreover, the absorber exhibits polarization-independent absorption characteristics for vertically incident light, which are attributed to the 4-fold rotational symmetry of the PC substrate and the patterned BP monolayer deposited on it. This work opens up the possibility of fabricating optically polarization-independent devices based on single-layer 2D anisotropic materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Ovarian cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, and 70 % of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Drug chemotherapy is an important method for treating ovarian cancer, but recurrence and chemotherapy resistance often lead to treatment failure. In this study, we screened 10 extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herb, and found that triptonide had potent anti-ovarian cancer activity and an IC50 of only 3.803 nM against A2780 cell lines. In addition, we determined that triptonide had a better antitumor effect on A2780 cell lines than platinum chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and that triptonide had no significant side effects in vivo. We found that triptonide induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through activation of the p38/p53 pathway and it also induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, we demonstrated that triptonide could activate lethal autophagy, which led to growth inhibition and cell death in ovarian cancer cells, resulting in an anti-ovarian cancer effect. Triptonide exerts its anti-ovarian cancer effect through activation of the p38/p53 pathway and induction of autophagy to promote apoptosis, which provides a new candidate drug and strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the expression of Ribosomal S6 kinase 4 (RSK4) protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, and to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological features of NSCLC., Methods: We analyzed 100 NSCLC patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2020 to June 2022. Patient demographics and clinical data, including gender, age, history of diabetes, tumor location, degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage, were collected. RSK4 protein expression was assessed in tissue samples via immunohistochemical staining., Results: RSK4 protein was positively expressed in 35.00% of cancerous tissues, significantly lower than the 69.00% observed in adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Patients with lower tumor differentiation, advanced Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages, and lymph node metastases showed significantly reduced RSK4 expression compared to those with higher differentiation, earlier TNM stages, and no lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that TNM stage, low differentiation, and lymph node metastases significantly influenced RSK4 expression (all P < 0.05). Survival analysis revealed a higher positive prognosis survival rate of 74.29% (26/35) among patients with positive RSK4 expression, versus 53.85% (35/65) in those with negative expression (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation of RSK4 expression with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and patient prognosis (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Positive RSK4 expression in NSCLC tissues is significantly correlated with advanced cancer stage, poor differentiation, and presence of lymph node metastasis, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role for RSK4 in NSCLC. This association underscores its prognostic relevance in NSCLC patients., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2024.)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) stands as a formidable challenge within the field of oncology, despite considerable research endeavors. The advanced stages of this malignancy present formidable barriers to effective treatment and management., Objective: This review aims to explore the potential of exosomes in addressing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with RCC. Specifically, it investigates the role of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles in the context of RCC management., Methods: For this review article, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, employing relevant keywords to identify research articles pertinent to the objectives of the review. Initially, 200 articles were identified, which underwent screening to remove duplicates and assess relevance based on titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed examination of full texts. From the selected articles, relevant data were extracted and synthesized to address the review's objectives. The conclusions were drawn based on a thorough analysis of the findings. The quality was ensured through independent review and resolution of discrepancies among multiple reviewers., Results: Exosomes demonstrate potential as diagnostic tools for early detection, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in RCC. Their ability to deliver various therapeutic agents, such as small interfering RNAs, lncRNAs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immune-stimulating agents, allows for a personalized approach to RCC management. By leveraging exosome-based technologies, precision and efficacy in treatment strategies can be significantly enhanced., Conclusion: Despite the promising advancements enabled by exosomes in the management of RCC, further research is necessary to refine exosome-based technologies and validate their efficacy, safety, and long-term benefits through rigorous clinical trials. Embracing exosomes as integral components of RCC diagnosis and treatment represents a significant step towards improving patient outcomes and addressing the persistent challenges posed by this malignancy in the field of oncology., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Objective: To explore the relationship between the onset time of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: Data were derived from Beijing Acute Kidney Injure Trial (BAKIT) which investigated the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients at 30 intensive care units (ICU) of 28 tertiary hospitals in Beijing from 1 March to 31 August 2012. Patients who were older than 18 years and diagnosed with sepsis and AKI, and expected to stay in ICU for at least 24 h were included in this study. A total of 653 patients were included in this study, 414 males and 239 females with a mean age of (68.2±17.0) years. According to the onset time of SA-AKI, patients were grouped into early AKI (E-AKI) (AKI occurred within 48 hours after ICU admission) and late AKI (L-AKI) (AKI occurred after 48 hours of ICU admission) group. The primary outcome was major adverse kidney events (MAKE), consisted of all-cause mortality, renal replacement therapy-dependence, and an inability to recover to 1.5 times of the baseline creatinine value up to 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the onset time of SA-AKI and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 653 patients with SA-AKI were included, 423 (64.8%) patients developed E-AKI, 230 (35.2%) cases developed L-AKI, MAKE occurred in 405 (62.0%) cases, and 301 (46.1%) patients died in hospital. Compared with E-AKI group, L-AKI patients showed higher AKI 3 level rate [55.7%(128/230) vs 40.2%(170/423), P <0.001], incidence of MAKE [72.6%(167/230) vs 56.3%(238/423, P <0.001)] and hospital mortality [55.2%(127/230) vs 44.1%(174/423), P =0.001]. The risk of MAKE and in-hospital mortality in L-AKI group increased for 2.55-fold times ( OR =3.55, 95% CI : 1.94-6.04) and 1.84-fold times ( OR =2.84, 95% CI : 1.44-5.60) when compared with those in E-AKI, respectively (both P <0.05). Conclusion: Late timing onset of SA-AKI is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

A paucity of evidence is available to guide integration of specialist palliative care into burn care. This study's purpose was to develop consensus on referral criteria using a modified Delphi process. Content experts were defined as burn or palliative care providers in locations where the teams have collaborative history; published at least one manuscript or presented nationally on burn and palliative care collaboration; or nomination as having equivalent expertise. N = 202 eligible persons were identified; n = 43 participated in Iteration 1 and Iteration 3 retained 79%. Iteration 1 invited participants to rank published referral criteria on a 9-point Likert-style scale. Consensus was defined as an interquartile range ≤ 2. Consensus items with median scores ≤ 3 were dropped from further consideration. Consensus items with median scores ≥ 7 were considered to be important and excluded in Iteration 2. Iteration 2 which presented non-consensus items with their associated median (interquartile range) and the participant's own ranking from Iteration 1. Iteration 3 presented three models; participants ranked in order of preference and suggested revisions. Consensus was achieved on a final set of criteria for specialist palliative care for persons who sustain burn injuries. Future research should prospectively evaluate the criteria against meaningful outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Anjay Khandelwal is a consultant for Avita Medical and for Exsurco Medical. The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and International Society of Burns Injuries. All rights reserved.)

The noncentrosymmetric ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi with simultaneous space-inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking provides a unique platform for exploring novel topological states. Here, by employing multiple experimental techniques, we demonstrate that ferromagnetism and pressure can serve as efficient parameters to tune the positions of Weyl nodes in CeAlSi. At ambient pressure, a magnetism-facilitated anomalous Hall/Nernst effect (AHE/ANE) is uncovered. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements demonstrated that the Weyl nodes with opposite chirality are moving away from each other upon entering the ferromagnetic phase. Under pressure, by tracing the pressure evolution of AHE and band structure, we demonstrate that pressure could also serve as a pivotal knob to tune the positions of Weyl nodes. Moreover, multiple pressure-induced phase transitions are also revealed. These findings indicate that CeAlSi provides a unique and tunable platform for exploring exotic topological physics and electron correlations, as well as catering to potential applications, such as spintronics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

An essential ingredient for the production of Majorana fermions for use in quantum computing is topological superconductivity 1,2 . As bulk topological superconductors remain elusive, the most promising approaches exploit proximity-induced superconductivity 3 , making systems fragile and difficult to realize 4-7 . Due to their intrinsic topology 8 , Weyl semimetals are also potential candidates 1,2 , but have always been connected with bulk superconductivity, leaving the possibility of intrinsic superconductivity of their topological surface states, the Fermi arcs, practically without attention, even from the theory side. Here, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we identify topological Fermi arcs on two opposing surfaces of the non-centrosymmetric Weyl material trigonal PtBi 2 (ref.  9 ). We show these states become superconducting at temperatures around 10 K. Remarkably, the corresponding coherence peaks appear as the strongest and sharpest excitations ever detected by photoemission from solids. Our findings indicate that superconductivity in PtBi 2 can occur exclusively at the surface, rendering it a possible platform to host Majorana modes in intrinsically topological superconductor-normal metal-superconductor Josephson junctions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful technology for high-throughput, accurate, and reproducible quantitative proteomics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in both the experimental and computational methods for DIA proteomics, from data acquisition schemes to analysis strategies and software tools. DIA acquisition schemes are categorized based on the design of precursor isolation windows, highlighting wide-window, overlapping-window, narrow-window, scanning quadrupole-based, and parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation-enhanced DIA methods. For DIA data analysis, major strategies are classified into spectrum reconstruction, sequence-based search, library-based search, de novo sequencing, and sequencing-independent approaches. A wide array of software tools implementing these strategies are reviewed, with details on their overall workflows and scoring approaches at different steps. The generation and optimization of spectral libraries, which are critical resources for DIA analysis, are also discussed. Publicly available benchmark datasets covering global proteomics and phosphoproteomics are summarized to facilitate performance evaluation of various software tools and analysis workflows. Continued advances and synergistic developments of versatile components in DIA workflows are expected to further enhance the power of DIA-based proteomics., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Standardized training for pain, agitation-sedation, and delirium (PAD) management is urgently needed for Chinese intensivists' continuing education. Since 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese Analgesia and Sedation Education and Research (CASER) group has used an online blended teaching mode based on a small private online course (SPOC) and case-based learning (CBL). This study evaluated whether an online blended teaching mode has similar effects on PAD management training when an offline mode cannot be used., Materials and Methods: Since 2020, the CASER group has provided offline training and online SPOC&CBL training three times each, targeting intensivists and ICU nurses in China. All participants were divided into an offline group and SPOC&CBL group. A final examination was offered in each training session to assess the students' mastery of professional knowledge. Teachers' and students' perceptions regarding the online SPOC&CBL mode were evaluated through questionnaires., Results: Of all participants (n = 117), 106 completed all examinations and questionnaires. Most participants were aged 31-40 years (53, 50.0%), had an academic degree (60, 56.6%), and worked in a tertiary hospital (100, 94.34%). We assessed the learning effect on participants from two aspects: theory and clinical practice. There was no significant difference between the SPOC&CBL and offline groups in terms of theoretical, case analysis, and total scores (p > 0.05). In terms of the participants' perceptions regarding the SPOC&CBL mode, 91.5% considered the online mode to be a useful and accessible alternative to improve knowledge and skills. A total of 95.7% of the participants believed that they could interact well with group members, and 87.2% believed that they had a good degree of participation. Of these participants, 76.6% believed that they had received valuable learning resources. All instructors believed that the SPOC&CBL mode was more flexible than the offline mode in terms of teaching time and location, and they were all willing to carry out training with the SPOC&CBL mode., Conclusion: Compared to the offline mode, the SPOC&CBL mode can also enhance participants' knowledge and skills and meets their expectations. Therefore, an online mode can be considered a potential method in PAD management education in China., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the impact of preoperative serum creatinine changes on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). This study aimed to investigate the development of AKI in patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who present with an elevation in preoperative serum creatinine., Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Preoperative serum creatinine change was calculated as the ratio of the maximum preoperative serum creatinine value to the baseline creatinine (MCR). Patients were categorized into three groups based on MCR: non-elevation (≤1.0), mild elevation (1.0 to 1.5), and pronounced elevation (≥1.5). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of AKI, severe AKI, and non-recovery from AKI., Results: There were significant increases in the odds of AKI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.57; per 0.1 increase in MCR), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.43). Pronounced elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was associated with a higher risk of AKI (adjusted OR, 15.45; 95% CI, 6.63-36.00), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.20-10.87), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.63-13.89) than non-elevation. Mild elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was also significantly associated with AKI (adjusted OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.92-7.37)., Conclusions: Elevation in preoperative serum creatinine from baseline was associated with an increased risk of AKI; even mild elevation significantly increased the risk of AKI., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background: We investigated the associations between the different doses of tigecycline, its efficacy and safety, and the role of tigecycline therapeutic drug monitoring for patients in the intensive care unit., Methods: This study was a single-center cohort including patients infected with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) causing pulmonary infections. The steady-state plasma concentration after tigecycline administration was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in patients admitted to the ICU between October 2020 and December 2021. Multivariate analyses of tigecycline's clinical efficacy and safety were performed to control confounding factors., Results: For this study, we included 45 patients and 45 blood samples to determine steady-state trough concentrations of tigecycline. All patients were divided into the High Dose (HD) and Standard Dose (SD) groups. The median trough concentration of tigecycline was 0.56 μg/mL in the HD group, which was higher than in the SD group (0,21 μg/mL), p = 0.000. There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of bacterial eradication rate, mortality rate, and clinical efficacy. Multiple regression analysis showed that the ICU days were correlated with mortality OR 1.030(1.005-1.056), p = 0.017. APACHE II was significantly associated with clinical efficacy OR 0.870(0.755-1.002), p = 0.045. The level of fibrinogen decline in the HD group was significantly higher than in the SD group (-3.05 ± 1.67 vs -1.75 ± 1.90), p = 0.038. We identified that age and tigecycline treatment duration influenced fibrinogen decline., Conclusions: Tigecycline plasma concentrations are significantly increased when using a high dose. However, the plasma concentration of tigecycline is not correlated with clinical efficacy and adverse reactions. Fibrinogen decline appears to be related to the patient's age and days of tigecycline. Large sample data are still needed to confirm the clinical guidance significance of tigecycline TDM., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Unprogrammed macrophage polarization, especially prolonged activation of proinflammatory macrophages, is associated with delayed wound healing in diabetic objectives. Macrophage-derived exosomes cargo a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs), participating in different stages in wound healing. Here, exosomes were isolated from naive bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) (M0-Exos), interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide-polarized BMDMs (M1-Exos), and interleukin-4-polarized BMDMs (M2-Exos). M1-Exos impaired migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to M0-Exos, whereas M2-Exos exhibited the opposite effects. High-throughput sequencing was performed to decipher the miRNA expression profiles in M0-Exos, M1-Exos, and M2-Exos. A total of 63 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in exosomes derived from polarized BMDMs. Among them, miRNA-155-5p is highly expressed in M1-Exos, which interrupted angiogenesis in HUVECs. Furthermore, miRNA-155-5p directly binds to the 3' UTR of growth differentiation factor 6 ( GDF6 ) mRNA to suppress its protein expression. Lastly, local administration of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel Pluronic F-127 loading miRNA-155-5p antagomiR promoted angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing in diabetic db/db mice via enhancing GDF6. In summary, this study deciphered the miRNA expression profiles in exosomes from polarized macrophages. M2-like macrophage-derived exosomes and miRNA-155-5p inhibitors could be promising therapeutics against diabetic foot ulcers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Burn injuries often require complex interdisciplinary care. Despite potential benefits, consultation with specialist palliative care typically occurs in 2% of burn admissions, due largely to lack of availability and misconceptions concerning palliative care. Criteria to guide consultation with specialist palliative care have been developed at this institution. The purpose of this study was to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of these criteria, and then optimize them. Retrospective examination of 388 admissions over 15 months at this adult and pediatric Burn Center were conducted. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous variables were used to test for between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression model was built to determine modified Baux cut-off score using Youden index (J) value. Criteria were sensitive (0.96) and specific (0.90), though with a low positive predictive value (0.43). Persons with lengths of stay greater than one week, advanced directives, Allow Natural Death orders, and/or deterioration events were significantly more likely to have had palliative care consulted. There were significant between-group differences (with/without palliative care consultation) based on burn surface area, modified Baux score, and mortality risk. Potential criteria revisions are proposed. Prospective adherence to revised criteria could provide useful guidance to providers and benefit to patients and families., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Sorption dehumidification, as an energy-saving and eco-friendly approach, has been emerging in application for air dehumidification. Here, a prospective method is proposed to prepare biomass-based hygroscopic aerogels that are easily applicable, sustainable, high-efficient, and recyclable. The chitosan-based aerogel with a porous and hydrophilic network acts as the carrier and water reservoir for the uniformly distributed lithium chloride hygroscopic salt, and provides the hygroscopic salt with more liberal water channels to facilitate moisture capture and transfer. As a consequence, the prepared chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol@lithium chloride (chitosan/PVA@LiCl) hygroscopic aerogel exhibits an excellent moisture absorption capacity of up to 2.77 g g -1 at a relative humidity of 90 %. Meanwhile, as the chitosan/PVA@LiCl aerogel is set in a closed space about 2200 times larger than its own volume, the relative humidity can be reduced from 90 % to 32 % within 2 h, and further lower to 25 % after 4 h. Furthermore, combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the photothermal hygroscopic aerogel is obtained that can rapidly desorb water under sunlight, thus to realize energy-free cycle. Overall, the renewable biomass-based aerogel materials with the advantages of simple preparation and excellent hygroscopic performance provides a new path for the development of sorption dehumidification technology., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is critical for intestinal development, homeostasis, and function performance. Although the function of BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium is well appreciated, the direct effect of BMP on intestinal stromal cells is poorly understood. Here, we show that disruption of BMP signaling by genetic ablation of Alk3 or Smad4 expands the stromal cell pool, the mucosa tumefaction, and colonic polyposis in the large intestine. Interleukin (IL) secretion by stromal cells is notably increased, including IL-1, IL-11, and IL-17. Specifically, IL-1 and IL-17a hyperactivate the mucin production by goblet cells through nuclear factor κB signaling, and abnormal mucin accumulation results in the morphological changes, epithelial barrier destruction, and polyposis development. Together, our results provide an insight into the role of BMP signaling in intestinal stromal cells to regulate epithelium function. This study further highlights the role of mucin-producing goblet cells in intestinal homeostasis and colitis development.

Background: Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an instrumental tool in combatting opioid use and overdose. Excess weight gain associated with MOUD initiation is a potential barrier that is not well understood. Objectives: Conduct a scoping review of available studies investigating the effect of MOUD on weight. Methods: Included studies consisted of adults taking any type of MOUD (e.g. methadone, buprenorphine/naloxone, naltrexone) with data on weight or body mass index for at least two time points. Evidence was synthesized using qualitative and descriptive approaches, and predictors of weight gain including demographics, comorbid substance use, and medication dose were examined. Results: Twenty-one unique studies were identified. Most studies were uncontrolled cohort studies or retrospective chart reviews testing the association between methadone and weight gain ( n  = 16). Studies examining 6 months of methadone treatment reported weight gain ranging from 4.2 to 23.4 pounds. Women appear to gain more weight from methadone than men, while patients using cocaine may gain less. Racial and ethnic disparities were largely unexamined. Only three case reports and two nonrandomized studies examined the effects of either buprenorphine/naloxone or naltrexone, and potential associations with weight gain were not clear. Conclusion: The use of methadone as an MOUD appears to be associated with mild to moderate weight gain. In contrast, there is little data supporting or refuting weight gain with buprenorphine/naloxone or naltrexone. Providers should discuss the potential risk for weight gain with patients as well as prevention and intervention methods for excess weight gain.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy that seriously threatens the health and life of patients. Although Ring finger 220 (RNF220) has been demonstrated to participate in the development of various cancers, its role and mechanism in GC remain undiscovered. The expression of RNF220 was determined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Western blot. Additionally, the overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) were analyzed based on the levels of RNF220 in the TCGA database. The role and mechanism of RNF220 in growth and stemness were investigated using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, sphere-formation, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blot experiments. Furthermore, the role of RNF220 was investigated in a xenografted mouse model. The expression of RNF220 was found to be upregulated in GC, which predicted unfavorable OS and PPS in patients with GC. Knockdown of RNF220 reduced cell viability, colony numbers, numbers of spheres formation, and the relative protein levels of Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4 in both AGS and MKN-45 cells. Moreover, overexpression of RNF220 increased cell viability and the numbers of spheres formation in MKN-45 cells. Mechanistically, RNF220 bound to USP22, and interference of RNF220 downregulated the Wnt/β-catenin axis via USP22, which was confirmed by the overexpression of USP22 in both cell lines. Furthermore, silencing of RNF220 significantly decreased tumor volume and weight, the level of Ki-67, and the relative protein levels of USP22, β-catenin, c-myc, Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4. Taken together, downregulation of RNF220 suppressed GC cell growth and stemness by downregulating the USP22/Wnt/β-catenin axis., Competing Interests: Decalaration of Competing Interest The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the Bethesda System reporting rates, histological follow-up, and HPV genotypes distribution of abnormal cytology in Anhui province of China., Methods: According to the Bethesda Reporting System of Cervical Cytology (2014), a retrospective analysis of the cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) results, abnormal cytology with concurrent HPV genotype testing, and immediate histological follow-up. HPV genotype testing was performed for 15 High-risk types and 6 Low-risk types. Immediate histological correlation results within 6 months after the LBC and HPV results., Results: 6.70% of women with abnormal LBC results, and ASC/SIL was 1.42. The severe histological results in abnormal cytology were ASC-US (18.58%), ASC-H (53.76%), LSIL (16.62%), HSIL (82.07%), SCC/ACa (100.00%), AGC (63.77%). The total HPV-positive rate in abnormal cytology was 70.29%, of which ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, SCC/ACa, and AGC were 60.78%, 80.83%, 83.05%, 84.93%, 84.51%, 33.33%. The top three detected genotypes were HR HPV 16, 52, and 58. The most commonly detected genotype in HSIL and SCC/ACa was HPV 16. Of the 91 AGC patients, 34.78% were cervical lesions, and 42.03% were endometrial lesions. The HPV-positive rate in the group of AGC-FN was highest and lowest in the group of AGC-EM., Conclusion: The Bethesda System reporting rates of cervical cytology were all within the benchmark range of the CAP laboratory. HPV 16, 52, and 58 were the most common genotypes in our population, and HPV 16 infection has a higher degree of malignancy of cervical lesions. Among patients with ASC-US results, HPV positive patients had a higher rate of biopsy-detected CIN2+ than HPV negative patients., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) is a natural plant active polysaccharide extracted from traditional Chinese medicine licorice. In this research, we studied the antiviral activity of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a virus of the Arteriviridae family, with a high rate of variation and has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry in various countries since its discovery. Our results show that GCP can inhibit PRRSV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GCP could inhibit the mRNA expression of receptor genes CD163 and NF-κB p65 and promote the mRNA expression of the SLA-7 gene. Because of these results, GCP can be used as a candidate drug to prevent and treat PRRS., (© 2023. The Author(s).)