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A metallurgically bonded composite coating of a Ni–Cr–B–Si alloy reinforced with cobalt-coated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) particles was produced on a carbon steel substrate by high temperature vacuum brazing. The bond strength of the coating/substrate interface and the tensile strength of the coating itself reached 300–360 and 100–140 MPa, respectively. Effects of Co and WC-17Co contents on the wear behavior of the coating have been systematically investigated at two different wear conditions, namely the high speed rotating slurry erosive wear and the wet sand/rubber wheel abrasive wear. Results show that the higher was the Co content in the coating, the lower were the hardness and wear resistance. In the slurry erosive wear, the WC reinforcement of the composite coating plays an important role protecting the matrix from being worn-out, whereas in the abrasive wear, the wear mechanism is mainly controlled by the scratching and micro-cutting of the matrix followed by the pull out of WC particles due to the scratching action of abrasives. The wear resistance of the brazed composite coating (WC/NiCrBSi(Co)) is better than that of the flame overlaid coating. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on multilinear singular integrals with rough kernel. Confirmation of two variations of boundness of the T[subA] operators; Mathematical parameters for components of the equation for multilinear singular integral operations.

Two recently identified immunodominant epitepes from α-gliadin account for most of the stimulatory activity of dietary gluten on intestinal and peripheral T lymphocytes in patients with celiac sprue. The proteolytic kinetics of peptides containing these epitepes were analyzed in vitro using soluble proteases from bovine and porcine pancreas and brush-border membrane vesicles from adult rat intestine. We showed that these proline-glutamine-rich epitopes are exceptionally resistant to enzymatic processing. Moreover, as estimated from the residual peptide structure and confirmed by exogeneous peptidase supplementation, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I were identified as the rate-limiting enzymes in the digestive breakdown of these peptides. A similar conclusion also emerged from analogous studies with brush-border membrane from a human intestinal biopsy. Supplementation of rat brush-border membrane with trace quantities of a bacterial prolyl endopeptidase led to the rapid destruction of the immunodominant epitopes in these peptides. These results suggest a possible enzyme therapy strategy for celiac sprue, for which the only current therapeutic option is strict exclusion of gluten-containing food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac Sprue, a widely prevalent autoimmune disease of the small intestine, is induced in genetically susceptible individuals by exposure to dietary gluten. A 33-mer peptide was identified that has several characteristics suggesting it is the primary initiator of the inflammatory response to gluten in Celiac Sprue patients. In vitro and in vivo studies in rats and humans demonstrated that it is stable toward breakdown by all gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal brush-border membrane proteases. The peptide reacted with tissue transglutaminase, the major autoantigen in Celiac Sprue, with substantially greater selectivity than known natural substrates of this extracellular enzyme. It was a potent inducer of gut-derived human T cell lines from 14 of 14 Celiac Sprue patients. Homologs of this peptide were found in all food grains that are toxic to Celiac Sprue patients but are absent from all nontoxic food grains. The peptide could be detoxified in in vitro and in vivo assays by exposure to a bacterial prolyl endopeptidase, suggesting a strategy for oral peptidase supplement therapy for Celiac Sprue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumors are relatively more sensitive to methionine restriction than corresponding normal tissues, a phenomenon known as methionine auxotrophy. The current studies were undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for methionine auxotrophy of prostate cancer cells. We found that the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) increased dramatically in response to methionine restriction. Over expression of wild type JNK1 by transient transfection enhanced apoptosis in response to methionine restriction, whereas over expression of a kinase inactive mutant of JNK1 protected PC-3 human prostate cancer cells from apoptosis. We conclude that JNK1 plays a critical role in signaling cancer cells to undergo apoptosis in response to methionine restriction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, the autors study the continuity properties of higher order commutators generated by the homogeneous fractional integral and BMO functions on certain Hardy spaces, weak Hardy spaces and Herz-type Hardy spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cDNA, GaPR-10, encoding a pathogenesis-related class 10 protein, was isolated from Gossypium arboreum, a diploid cotton species. The predicted protein of 159 amino acids contains a conserved domain (K-A-X-E-X-Y-L) in the C-terminal helix. The glycine-rich P-loop structure found in Betv1 is variable in GaPR-10. The bacterially expressed GaPR-10 exhibited ribonuclease activity in vitro. Substitution of Glu148 with Lys, and Tyr150 with Phe, respectively, remarkably decreased the activity, suggesting that both residues in the C-terminus play a major role in catalyzing RNA degradation. Substitution of Gly51 with Ala, Lys55 with Asn (both in the P-loop region), and Glu96 with Lys, affected the activity by 50–60%, indicating that these amino acid residues might be related, but not essential to RNase activity. RNA blot analysis detected a certain level of GaPR-10 transcripts in roots of untreated seedlings, and the transcript level was elevated after the seedlings were treated with Verticillium dahliae elicitors. In G. arboreum suspension cells, induction of GaPR-10 transcription by the fungal elicitor was gradual and prolonged, and the transcription was also inducible by jasmonate, but not by salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced Ni&z.sbnd;Cr&z.sbnd;B&z.sbnd;Si(Co) composite coating was produced on mild steel by high temperature vacuum brazing. The microstructure, phases present and the interface diffusion have been investigated. The cobalt coated on the surface of WC particles dissolved into the liquid nickel-base alloy but the WC was not decomposed severely during the vacuum brazing process. Microanalysis showed that the composite coating matrix was composed of γ-Ni solution and γ-Ni+(Ni,Co)3B lamellar eutectic. Diffusion and metallurgical reaction occurred at the WC/NiCrBSi(Co) interface and composite coating/substrate interface. A 6-μm thick brazing seam or interfacial bonding zone was found between the coating and the substrate as the coated sample cooled down. Bonding strengths of the WC/NiCrBSi(Co) interface and the composite coating/substrate interface reached 100–140 MPa and 300–360 MPa, respectively, which are far higher than those of thermal spray coating. The abrasive wear resistance of brazed composite coating also appears to be better than that of the flame overlaid at the same composition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional enzyme overexpressed in many tumors and induced by hypoxia in normal and malignant cells. The degree to which hypoxia transcriptionally activates GAPDH is cell type specific. The GAPDH promoter region contains a hypoxia responsive element (HRE) consisting of a hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) consensus binding site plus adjacent sequence [Graven et al. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1447, 208–218]. Using transient transfection experiments with the GAPDH promoter region linked to a luciferase reporter gene, we found that GAPDH was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia in each of three human prostate cancer cell lines tested, with the greatest level of induction in the most differentiated cell line. Using sequence analysis of the GAPDH promoter region, we identified a novel HRE distinct from the previously characterized one that consists of two consensus HIF-1 sites arranged as inverted repeats separated by 5 bp. Hypoxia transcriptionally activated a promoter construct in which the previously characterized HRE was mutated and the novel HRE remained intact. Heterologous promoter constructs containing only one or two copies of the novel HRE plus a minimal promoter consisting of a TATA box drove hypoxia inducible expression of the luciferase reporter gene in transient transfection assays. Mutation of HIF-1 sites within the novel HRE resulted in complete loss of function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we give the (L[sup p] (ω[sup p] ), L[sup q] (ω[sup q] )) boundedness for a class of multilinear operators, which is simular to the higher-order commutator for the rough fractional integral. In our results the kernel function is merely assumed on a size condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Let ohms be a bounded Lipschitz domain. Define B[sup 0, 1, sub 1, r](ohms){Integral of is an element of L[sup 1](ohms): there is an F is an element of B[sup 0,1, sub 1](R[sup n])that F|[sub ohms] = f} and B[sup 0,1, sub 1, z](ohms) = {f is an element of B[sup 0, 1, sub 1](R[sup n]): f = 0 on R[sup n]\ohms}. In this paper, the authors establish the atomic decompositions of' these spaces. As by-products, the authors obtained the regularity on these spaces of the solutions to the Dirichlet problem and the Neumann problem of the Laplace equation on R[sup n, sub +]. Keywords Besov space, Lipschitz domain, Atom, Laplace equation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that dietary or pharmacological methionine restriction inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro or as xenografts in mice. We undertook the present studies to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction inhibits prostate cancer cell growth. We found that PC-3 and DU 145 cells stopped proliferating within six days in growth medium containing homocysteine in place of methionine. In contrast, proliferation of LNCaP cells was only partially inhibited by the absence of methionine. Using flow cytometry, we found that methionine restriction caused PC-3 cells to arrest in all phases of the cell cycle, but predominantly in the G[sub 2]/M phase, whereas LNCaP cells accumulated exclusively in the G[sub 1] phase. Methionine restriction led to accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, as determined by Western blot analysis, and inhibited the enzymatic activities of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK2 and cdc2, as determined by an in vitro kinase assay. However, methionine restriction had little or no effect on CDK2 or cdc2 protein levels. Methionine restriction also induced PC-3 cells to undergo apoptosis, as indicated by the appearance of a typical nucleosomal ladder on gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA. We conclude that methionine restriction has potential as a novel treatment strategy for prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety co-occur frequently and there is heterogeneity in the co-occurrence of such symptoms; however, few previous studies investigated the heterogeneity based on person-centered perspectives in adolescents. The primary aim of our study was to explore it using latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered statistical approach. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to examine depression and anxiety symptoms in 7422 Chinese adolescents from 23 primary and secondary schools. To investigate latent profiles and assess profile validity, we employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), multinomial logistic regression, and analysis of variance. A three-profile model was suggested as the optimum: low (69.9 %), moderate (21.6 %), and high depression/anxiety (8.5 %). Female with higher negative cognitive bias and higher emotional regulation difficulty are more likely to be categorized in the high depression/anxiety group. Internet addiction, academic "Lying flat" and involution are significantly and positively linked with the severity of anxiety and depression. Reliance on self-reported measures may lead to response bias; the cross-sectional design limits our ability to study how symptom profiles and category membership change over time. Three latent profiles of the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety presented a parallel pattern, which serves as a poignant reminder of the imperative need to identify Chinese adolescents who may be at elevated risk for depression and/or anxiety, and promoting intervention that are meticulously tailored to address the unique symptom presentations of each individual. • Heterogeneous patterns of the co-occurring of depression and anxiety symptoms were examined. • LPA results identified three symptom profiles. • Latent profiles were predicted by gender, negative cognition bias and emotional regulation difficulty. • Internet addiction, academic "Lying flat" and involution varied for different symptom profiles. • The severity of depression and anxiety shows a parallel pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rice is susceptible to chilling stress. Identifying chilling tolerance genes and their mechanisms are key to improve rice performance. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study to identify regulatory genes for chilling tolerance in rice.One major gene for chilling tolerance variation in Indica rice was identified as a casein kinase gene OsCTK1. Its function and natural variation are investigated at the physiological and molecular level by its mutants and transgenic plants. Potential substrates of OsCTK1 were identified by phosphoproteomic analysis, protein–protein interaction assay, in vitro kinase assay, and mutant characterization.OsCTK1 positively regulates rice chilling tolerance. Three of its putative substrates, acidic ribosomal protein OsP3B, cyclic nucleotide‐gated ion channel OsCNGC9, and dual‐specific mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase OsMKP1, are each involved in chilling tolerance. In addition, a natural OsCTK1 chilling‐tolerant (CT) variant exhibited a higher kinase activity and conferred greater chilling tolerance compared with a chilling‐sensitive (CS) variant. The CT variant is more prevalent in CT accessions and is distributed more frequently in higher latitude compared with the CS variant.This study thus enables a better understanding of chilling tolerance mechanisms and provides gene variants for genetic improvement of chilling tolerance in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of impairment and recovery in graph naming functions among patients with aphasia due to cerebral infarction. Specifically, the study compared immediate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment in patients at different stages postinfarction: the acute phase (AP) and the recovery period (RP). Methods: Twenty-eight patients were selected, consisting of 16 in the AP and 12 in the RP, along with 18 healthy controls. Both patient groups underwent 2 weeks of tDCS treatment. Posttreatment changes in functional connectivity (FC) within language-related brain regions, as well as in graph naming abilities, were assessed in both patient groups. Results: Both AP and RP groups exhibited significant improvements in graph naming ability following tDCS treatment. Compared to healthy controls, patients showed decreased FC in multiple brain regions of both hemispheres, particularly in the dominant hemisphere. Posttreatment assessments revealed significant increases in FC within the bilateral frontotemporal lobes for both AP and RP groups, and within the bilateral temporo-occipital regions for the AP group. Moreover, the RP group demonstrated decreased FC in the left temporal lobe posttreatment, which had shown increased FC pre-treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that tDCS can effectively enhance graph naming functions in patients with postinfarction aphasia. The therapeutic effects appear to be mediated by enhancing FC within bilateral frontotemporal lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) significantly impacts patient outcomes after acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgeries. This study investigates the role of Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) as a potential biomarker for POD in ATAAD patients. Methods: This secondary analysis involved ATAAD patients from a prospective observational study. Serum NPTX2 levels were measured preoperatively and immediately postoperatively using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or CAM for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Statistical analyses included the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the association between NPTX2 levels and POD. Results: Among the 62 patients included, 46.77% developed POD. Patients with POD had significantly lower preoperative and postoperative serum NPTX2 levels. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that postoperative NPTX2 had a strong predictive capability for POD (AUC = 0.895). The optimal cutoff for postoperative NPTX2 in predicting POD was less than 421.4 pg/mL. Preoperative NPTX2 also demonstrated predictive value, albeit weaker (AUC = 0.683). Conclusion: Serum NPTX2 levels, both preoperatively and postoperatively, are promising biomarkers for predicting POD in ATAAD patients. These findings suggest that NPTX2 could be instrumental in early POD detection and intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cypate-sensitized lanthanide upconversion nanoprobes with NIR dual-excitation have been developed for ratiometric detection of ATP in living cells and zebrafish larvae. The involved interfacial interactions and underlying energy transfer pathway were deeply explored. [Display omitted] • ATP-responsive dual NIR-excitation ratiometric nanoprobes were constructed. • The interfacial interactions and underlying photophysics in the nanoprobes were explored. • The nanoprobes were applied for the quantification of the ATP level in living cells. • The nanoprobes provided accurate monitoring of the in-vivo ATP fluctuation. As energy currency of life, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is highly dynamic in living organisms. It is crucial yet challenging to probe intracellular or in-vivo ATP precisely without destruction of the living biological systems. Herein, we have designed novel ATP-responsive ratiometric nanoprobes by employing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with cypate as antennas. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze the interfacial interactions among lanthanide nanocrystal, cypate and adenosine phosphates, disclosing the origin of detection specificity. ATP induced interruption of energy transfer pathway in cypate-sensitized UCNPs was further investigated by femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The nanoprobes with dual near-infrared (NIR)-excited ratiometric UCL were successfully applied for quantification of ATP level in living cells under vegetatively growing, starving, and glycolysis-inhibiting states, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of available energy by feeding for zebrafish larvae was confirmed through monitoring the in-vivo ATP variation with the nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes showed great potential in ATP-associated biological research and clinical applications. These findings may gain deep insights into the surface science and photophysics in dye-lanthanide nanocomposites, and open new avenues for the design and bioapplications of lanthanide nanoprobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly emerged field of computational social science has witnessed unprecedented opportunities in the past decade with the explosion of data collection. However, these data are of different types, usually consisting of constant attributes (scalar data), temporal dynamics at the individual level (functional data) and group summaries at the collective level (compositional data). Consequently, existing models are substantially challenged by difficulties encountered in data aggregation. Moreover, previous studies excessively focus on the predictive power rather than interpretative power of models, while the latter is genuinely more crucial for developing profound theories and disclosing in-depth mechanisms in social science. This paper proposes a novel model named mixed data multi-block partial least squares (MD-MBPLS) to overcome these difficulties. Four real-world datasets are considered to evaluate the model. These datasets arise from large-scale collections of smart-card sensors, high-frequency trading systems and online social media, representing trending topics of student campus behaviour, stock market volatility, fake news circulation and personality in tweeting. The empirical results congruously reveal the prominent advantages of the model with respect to data fusion and explanatory power. Specifically, interesting patterns are reliably revealed which supplement new insights and help decision makers to obtain guidelines for interventions, such as student academic performance enhancement or precautions against fake news propagation. Our model will enhance the interpretative ability of computational social science studies by fully leveraging mixed types of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Amino-riched CDs were modified with 4-(bromomethyl)phenylboronic acid to prepare CD-B. • CD-B shows high affinity towards proteins with enhanced loading efficiency. • CD-B can achieve effective intracellular protein delivery. It is a great challenge to establish a universal nanocarrier for delivering different proteins, due to the differences of proteins in molecular weights, isoelectric points and spatial structures. Even though some carriers including polymer, liposomes and inorganic nanomaterials have been utilized to deliver proteins, most of them are only suitable for specific proteins. In the present work, amine-riched carbon dots (CDs) were introduced phenyl boronic acid to form CD-B, which could load various proteins with considerable contents. Hemoglobin (Hb) and glucose oxidase (GOX) were used as models to form Hb@CD-B and GOX@CD-B nanohybrids, and their loading content and efficiency were improved significantly. Most importantly, these protein hybrids could be internalized by the living cells, and the protein activities were maintained effectively. This work developed a versatile platform for efficacious loading proteins with compromising activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry method, pLink-SS (http://pfind.ict.ac.cn/software/pLink/2014/pLink-SS.html), for precise identification of disulfide-linked peptides. Using pLink-SS, we mapped all native disulfide bonds of a monoclonal antibody and ten standard proteins. We performed disulfide proteome analyses and identified 199 disulfide bonds in Escherichia coli and 568 in proteins secreted by human endothelial cells. We discovered many regulatory disulfide bonds involving catalytic or metal-binding cysteine residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the application of standardized training model in graduation practice of undergraduates majored in clinical pharmacy. Methods We chose 2010 grade undergraduates majored in clinical pharmacy as the objects, and used questionnaire to evaluate the practice mode and content. Results 63.41% of the students thought the practice time was too short in department of pharmacy, and 58.24% of the students thought the practice time was too short in department of clinical pharmacy. 95.12% of the students hoped to increase the number of case discussions, and 41.46% of the students hoped to reduce the amount of medicine record writing, and only 7.32% students thought 4.5 days a week should be spent in clinical work. Conclusion The standardized training mode is suitable for the practice of the current four-year undergraduates majored in clinical pharmacy in our university, but some examination indexes still need to be further adjusted after research, practice teaching team should be regulated so as to improve the teaching quality of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Micro-crack initiation considering varied slip irreversibility and hardening. • A slip irreversibility quantification model to load and microstructure are proposed. • Simulation examples in FCC material and comparison with the related experiment. • Discussion about how the slip behavior affect micro-crack initiation life. A micro-crack initiation simulation model was proposed with varied slip irreversibility and slip hardening (VSISH), by improving the Tanaka-Mura's model. A power law to relate the slip irreversibility parameter to the load and the microstructure information was proposed. The shear strain range in Tanaka-Mura's model was re-derived for introducing slip hardening behavior. Several microstructure examples in three-dimensions were given and the evaluated mean fatigue life has a minimum error less than 3.3% compared with the experimental data. It was demonstrated that the constant-slip-irreversibility strategy and an existing irreversibility model were specific cases of our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a multitude of carbon dots (CDs) based sensors have spring up, most of them are fluorescent probes. Other optical properties, such as optical absorption has been neglected for too long. In order to improve reliability of results, making use of fluorescence (FL)/UV–Vis absorption dual signaling probes is an effective approach. Herein, orange emissive CDs were synthesized and utilized as FL/UV–vis dual-functional probes for the first time, to selectively detect Ag+ and l -Cysteine (L-Cys), with low limit of detection of 0.05 μM and 0.02 μM. In addition, CDs have the advantages including unique stability, good biocompatibility and high sensitivity, which demonstrate excellent performance in selectively detecting intracellular changes of Ag+ and L-Cys. This work provides a feasible way to construct multifunctional biosensors for the potential applications in environmental survey and biological assay. Image 1 • Orange emissive carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized. • CDs act as a fluorescence/UV–vis dual-modal probe for selective detection of Ag+. • The limit of detection (LOD) of Ag+ is as low as 0.05 μM. • CD-Ag can detect L-Cys through fluorescence/UV–vis dual-mode with LOD of 0.02 μM. • CDs perform as a visual biosensing platform for intracellular Ag+ and L-Cys detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the aggregation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) binding protein TDP-43 (transactive response deoxyribonucleic acid) into anisotropic intranuclear liquid spherical shells, as of February 2021. It discusses the mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the TDP-43 aggregation. It reports on the regulation of phase separation of TDP-43 through RNA binding, disease causing mutation, posttranslational modification and chaperone activity inside cells.

Leaf bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is partly controlled by the specular reflection from the leaf surface, which does not convey information about leaf biochemical parameters. Therefore, vegetation remote sensing can benefit from understanding the effects of BRDF on leaf biochemical parameters estimation and attempting to reduce them. In this study, polarimetric measurements, which simultaneously derive intensity and polarization information, were taken on the leaves of four plant species in the hemispheric space. The results showed that there are distinct BRDF effects on leaf biochemical parameters [leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and equivalent water thickness (EWT)] estimated using spectral indices based on the intensity [ $I$ parameter reflectance factor (IpRF)] reflected from leaves. The relationships between four types of spectral indices (single reciprocal, difference between two wavelengths or two reciprocal, simple ratio, and normalized difference indices) and leaf biochemical parameters were found to be weak and dependent on the BRDF of leaves, especially in the forward scattering directions, which are dominated by the specular reflection. After separating the bidirectional polarized reflectance factor (BPRF) from the reflectance intensity (IpRF), the nonpolarized reflectance factor ($R_{\mathrm {n-p}}$) significantly reduces the BRDF effects on biochemical parameters estimation near the specular reflection directions, and a relatively improved estimation is found in either individual viewing directions or over all viewing directions. This study demonstrates that polarimetric measurements are able to reduce BRDF effects on leaf biochemical parameters estimation and therefore are useful to improve the leaf biochemical parameters estimation using spectral indices in the hemispheric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina Teod. is halophilic and wall-less. The cell acclimates to osmotic stresses by accumulation or degradation of glycerol. To investigate other mechanisms involved in its physiological recovery following hyperosmotic shocks, protein profiles from cells grown in various salinities were compared. A 13-kDa protein (P13) accumulated when cells were subjected to drastic hyperosmotic shock. From our results with antibiotic-treated cells and purified chloroplasts, we believe that this component results from de novo translation in chloroplasts. The solubility of P13 was strongly promoted by Triton X-100. Its accumulation was correlated with the recovery of photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of the expression of the human tissue transglutaminase gene. Luciferase assay and beta-galactosidase assay; In vitro DNA methylation; Correlation of the hypomethylation of the tissue transglutaminase promoter with basal expression of the gene.

Background: Health workers are at high risk of job burnout. Primary care in China has recently expanded its scope of services to a broader range of public health services in addition to clinical care. This study aims to measure the prevalence of burnout and identify its associated factors among clinical care and public health service providers at primary care facilities.Methods: A cross-sectional survey (2018) was conducted among 17,816 clinical care and public health service providers at 701 primary care facilities from six provinces. Burnout was measured by the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale, and multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted to identify burnout's association with demographics, as well as occupational and organisational factors.Results: Overall, half of the providers (50.09%) suffered from burnout. Both the presence of burnout and the proportion of severe burnout among public health service providers (58.06% and 5.25%) were higher than among clinical care providers (47.55% and 2.26%, respectively). Similar factors were associated with burnout between clinical care and public health service providers. Younger, male, lower-educated providers and providers with intermediate professional title, permanent contract or higher working hours were related to a higher level of burnout. Organisational environment, such as the presence of a performance-based salary system, affected job burnout.Conclusions: Job burnout is prevalent among different types of primary care providers in China, indicating the need for actions that encompass the entirety of primary care. We recommend strengthening the synergy between clinical care and public health services and transforming the performance-based salary system into a more quality-based system that includes teamwork incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the ability to handle constraints systematically and predict system evolution with models, model predictive control (MPC) methods have been widely studied and implemented in many industries. At the same time, low-cost MPC has received widespread attention due to its simple principle and easy implementation. This paper proposes a new low-cost MPC method and uses this method to put forward new insights on the performance improvement of complex dynamic system control. Firstly, using the concept of preprocessing, a novel MPC prediction structure is proposed under the independent model mode. Then through rigorous proofs, the properties of the proposed MPC algorithm are analyzed. Finally, through the study of three industrial cases, the proposal's deployment procedure and efficacy are illustrated in detail. Compared with other low-cost predictive control algorithms, the effectiveness of the method has been presented. • A novel prediction structure design. • Pole-placement MPC with better performance and low computational cost. • Desired closed-loop dynamics can be designed without tedious tuning. • The rigorous analysis and pseudocode of the proposed algorithm are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, the sensitivity matrices for the reconstruction of 1-D planarly layered transverse isotropic (TI) media illuminated by electromagnetic wave excited by 3-D electric or magnetic current sources are derived based on the transmission-line network analogy. The elements of the matrices are expressed analytically in the vertical $\textit {z}$ -direction but are in the form of Sommerfeld integration in the horizontal $xy$ -plane. The derived expressions are useful for the inversion of dielectric parameters and boundary positions of 1-D layered TI media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many studies have established a positive correlation between adolescents' internet addiction and mental health problems, most of these studies have overlooked the internal heterogeneity of Internet addiction. This study aims to identify latent profiles among adolescents based on their Internet addiction and to examine the differences in aggression, depression, and anxiety across these profiles. We conducted a survey involving 7422 adolescents and administered the Young's Internet Addiction Test, Aggression Behavior Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Latent profile analysis was utilized to categorize Internet addiction profiles among adolescents. Associations between Internet addiction profiles and related factors were examined using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method. Latent profile analysis suggested four profiles of Internet addiction, which were labeled: Regular , Risk , Low Internet addiction , and Internet addiction. The Internet addiction profile showed higher levels of aggression, depression, and anxiety than the Low Internet addiction profile. The Low Internet addiction profile had higher levels of aggression, depression, and anxiety than the Risk profile. The Risk profile demonstrated higher levels of aggression, depression, and anxiety when compared to the Regular profile. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the self-report measures. The identified Internet addiction profiles offer differential predictions for aggression, depression, and anxiety. These results underscore the significance of employing latent profile analysis when exploring the associations between Internet addiction and mental health issues. • There are four profiles of Internet addiction among adolescents. • The four profiles of adolescents' Internet addiction differentially predict aggression, depression, and anxiety. • When examining the associations between Internet addiction and mental health, considering the heterogeneity is crucial. • The findings provide implications for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although an imbalance of buying and selling profoundly affects the formation of market trends, a fine-granularity investigation of this perplexity of trading behavior is still missing. Instead of using existing entropy measures, this paper proposed a new indicator based on transaction dataset that enables us to inspect both the direction and the magnitude of this imbalance at high frequency, which we call "polarity". The polarity aims to measure the unevenness of the very essence trading desire based on the most micro decision making units. We investigate the relationship between the polarity and the return at both market-level and stock-level and find that the autocorrelated polarities cause a positive relation between lagged polarities and returns, while the current polarity is the opposite. It is also revealed that these associations shift according to the market conditions. In fact, when aggregating the one-minute polarities into daily signals, we find not only significant correlations disclosed by the market polarity and market emotion, but also the reliability of these signals in terms of reflecting the transitions of market-level behavior. These results imply that our presented polarity can reflect the market sentiment and condition in real time. Indeed, the trading polarity provides a new indicator from a high-frequency perspective to understand and foresee the market's behavior in a data-driven manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the longitudinal effects of hassles in mediating the relationship between neuroticism and the tripartite model of depression and anxiety. The research investigates these associations in a large sample of university students, utilising baseline and 6‐month follow‐up data. Initial assessments involved participants completing measures for neuroticism, depression and anxiety symptoms, and the occurrence of stress, followed by monthly assessments of stress, anxiety symptom and mood symptoms over a 6‐month period. Our results illuminate the mediating role of daily hassles in the relationship between neuroticism and various dimensions of anxiety and depression, including general distress, specific depression, and anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the significant impact of neuroticism and hassles on a broad spectrum of mood symptoms, offering valuable insights for both research and clinical practice. Discussions around the implications of these findings are provided in the our paper, where we also outline potential directions for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and rationale: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder that mainly affects young and middle‐aged adults. Epidemiological data on the incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVT are lacking in China. In addition, there is a lack of evidence from large, multicenter, real‐world studies on the efficacy and safety of endovascular. Aim: To understand the incidence, diagnosis and treatment status of CVT in China and to estimate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment in the real‐world. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study will be conducted on CVT patient records from 104 hospitals, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2022, identified using a 2‐stage cluster sampling design based on per capita gross domestic product. Each enrolled participant is required to complete a further follow‐up, which includes the current situation and the assessment at 3 and 12 months after discharge. Study outcomes: The outcomes of this study will include the current status of the incidence, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of CVT in China, as well as the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment in the real‐world. Discussion: Results from this study will provide evidence on the incidence, specific risk factors, symptomatic and imaging features, and clinical outcomes of CVT in China as well as indicate whether endovascular treatment is superior to medical management alone for patients with acute CVT in the real‐world. Trial registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT05448248 This is a protocal about our study. This protocal introduces the design, method and content of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive summary and synthesis of available evidence on the efficacy of internet-based psychological interventions for pathological health anxiety, as well as to examine the variables that possibly moderate intervention effects. Four databases were searched for the literature up to October 2023. A three-level random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size, with Hedge's g as the measure. We extracted 28 effect sizes from nine eligible randomized controlled trials with 1079 participants. The results showed that internet-based psychological interventions had a moderate to large between-group effect on health anxiety (g = 0.70) that was significant both at post-intervention (g = 0.74) and follow-up (g = 0.64). Furthermore, these interventions were significantly more effective than passive control conditions including waitlist, usual care, and placebo at post-treatment (g = 1.07), but had effects comparable to active control groups at both post-intervention and follow-up. Internet-based psychological interventions are an effective way to alleviate pathological health anxiety. We recommend that these interventions be more widely implemented in routine care settings to ensure easy accessibility for patients with health anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have emerged as pivotal contributors throughout all phases of atherosclerotic plaque development, effectively dispelling prior underestimations of their prevalence and significance. Recent lineage tracing studies have unveiled the clonal nature and remarkable adaptability inherent to VSMCs, thereby illuminating their intricate and multifaceted roles in the context of atherosclerosis. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate mechanisms and distinctive characteristics that define VSMCs across various physiological processes, firmly underscoring their paramount importance in shaping the course of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, this review offers a thorough examination of the significant strides made over the past two decades in advancing imaging techniques and therapeutic strategies with a precise focus on targeting VSMCs within atherosclerotic plaques, notably spotlighting meticulously engineered nanoparticles as a promising avenue. We envision the potential of VSMC-targeted nanoparticles, thoughtfully loaded with medications or combination therapies, to effectively mitigate pro-atherogenic VSMC processes. These advancements are poised to contribute significantly to the pivotal objective of modulating VSMC phenotypes and enhancing plaque stability. Moreover, our paper also delves into recent breakthroughs in VSMC-targeted imaging technologies, showcasing their remarkable precision in locating microcalcifications, dynamically monitoring plaque fibrous cap integrity, and assessing the therapeutic efficacy of medical interventions. Lastly, we conscientiously explore the opportunities and challenges inherent in this innovative approach, providing a holistic perspective on the potential of VSMC-targeted strategies in the evolving landscape of atherosclerosis research and treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The previous "one-size-fits-all" practice in resource allocation can no longer adapt to the spatial variation in population and health needs. This study aimed to investigate the spatially heterogeneous effect of medical equipment investment in the township health centres in rural China to optimize the investment strategies. Methods: Based on the national-scale stratified multistage cluster sampling, 319 township health centres from six provinces were included in the study. The retrospective data from 2013 to 2017 were collected for each sampled township health centres and the corresponding township community. The panel threshold regression model was applied to estimate the nonlinear effect of medical equipment increment on the service utilization due to the township communities' urbanization degree. The influence of township community remoteness on the effects of equipment increment was investigated through subgroup analysis. Results: Among the township health centres in the neighbouring towns of the county seat (travel time to the county seat < 1 h), the significant effect of medical equipment increment was only found in the township health centres of the towns with high urbanization degrees (the proportion of the residents living in the built-up area > 69.89%), of which the effect size was 774.81 (95% CI 495.63, 1053.98, p < 0.05). Among the township health centres in the remote towns (travel time ≥ 1 h), the effect of medical equipment increment in the township health centres of the low urbanized towns (urban ≤ 5.99%, β = 1052.54, p < 0.01) was around four times the size of that of the counterparts (urban > 5.99%, β = 237.00, p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the spatially heterogeneous effect of medical equipment investment in the primary care centres in rural China. The priority of the equipment investment was suggested to be given to the township health centres in the remote towns with a low urbanization degree and those in the highly-urbanized neighbouring towns of the county seats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We theoretically propose angular resistant spectral indices (ARSIs). • A three-step band selection method for ARSI from multi-angular spectra is developed. • ARSIs are insensitive to angular variation but sensitive to biochemical parameters. • ARSIs obtain high spatial-resolution maps of canopy leaf biochemical parameters. Spectral indices are popular and simple mathematical methods for estimating leaf biochemical parameters from spectral reflectance information. However, the estimation accuracy of most spectral indices decreases in high spatial-resolution data. This is primarily because leaf reflectance exhibits multi-angular effects that are controlled by specular reflection and vary with illumination and viewing angles. Therefore, there is a need for robust spectral indices whose predictions of leaf biochemistry are resistant to measurement angles and configurations. The commonly used wavelength optimization method of reducing angular effects by iterating all the possible band combinations is time-consuming and lacks a sound theoretical basis. In this study, we developed an efficient and defensible three-step wavelength selection method for Angular Resistant Spectral Indices (ARSIs) with difference ratio format based on the multi-angular spectral reflection. Firstly, a cumulative R2 increase within the leaf biochemistry-significant wavelength range is used to identify a specular wavelength (λ spec) as the wavelength with the highest contribution of specular reflection to total reflection. The impact of specular reflection on the estimation of the biochemical parameters is reduced by subtracting the reflection at λ spec from the total reflection. Secondly, a reference wavelength (λ ref) that is insensitive to biochemical variations is selected from the valley bottom of the R2 spectrum near its maximal peak. Thirdly, the optimal ARSIs are developed based on the combination of λ spe c , λ ref , and a biochemistry-indicative wavelength (λ indi). These ARSIs show strong relationships to leaf chlorophyll content (LCC, R2 = 0.94), leaf carotenoid content (CAR, R2 = 0.61), and equivalent water thickness (EWT, R2=0.89). Validation using several independent datasets and accurate LCC and CAR estimations based on close-range hyperspectral images of plant canopies confirmed that ARSIs outperformed most existing indices. The three-step wavelength selection method for ARSIs is valuable and convenient for plant science, and crop management assessments that need accurate estimates of leaf biochemical parameters. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have been demonstrated great promise in x-ray detection application because of their stability, tunability, and the unique electronic properties. The centimeter-sized 2D perovskite (PMA)2PbI4 single crystal and the corresponding x-ray detector were fabricated. The Cu ion implanted device exhibits an excellent sensitivity of 283 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, the significantly enhanced mobility-lifetime (μτ) product of 8.05 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, and the lowest detectable dose rate of 2.13 μGyair s−1. Experimental observation combined with the DFT calculations shows that the improvement in Cu ion implanted x-ray detection is ascribed to the enhanced photoinduced charge carrier density and μτ product, and the increased carrier dissociation capability associated deeply with the decreased binding energy of exciton in the inorganic layer quasi-quantum well. The incorporation of the Cu interstitials by high-energy Cu ion implantation is able to introduce the donor and acceptor states with additional charge transfer channeling, resulting in the decreased exciton binding energy and fast dissociation of the exciton and the quick carrier extraction. Cu ion implantation regulating the dissociation of charge carriers in low-dimensional perovskites will motivate the application for 2D perovskite in high-performance x-ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume of express delivery has increased dramatically with the rapid development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in China. This increase exacerbates overpackaging and challenges the sustainable development of our society. To solve the issue of overpackaging in e-commerce from the perspective of consumers, this study systematically summarizes the overpackaging solutions from the previous literature and obtains a list of 13 solutions. Then, we rank the user preference for these solutions by conducting a best–worst scaling experiment and analyze the data with the mixed logit model. The research demonstrates that the top three most accepted solutions are the optimization of the packaging strategy, the construction of a recycling system, and large-scale packaging. Results show that consumers have a pronounced preference for technologically improved solutions but a less evident preference for material improvements. This study identifies the overpackaging solutions that consumers prefer. In addition, it provides feasible recommendations for governments and enterprises in reducing packaging waste and promoting cleaner production. Image 1012 • A systematic summary of existing over-packaging solutions. • A new perspective of over-packaging from the electronic-commerce discipline. • Use best-worst scaling and mix logit model to rank user preference of the solutions. • Users prefer technical-based solutions such as optimization of packaging strategy. • Emphasize the importance of enterprise solutions in solving over-packaging problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface pollution deposition in a high voltage surface can reduce the surface flashover voltage, which is considered to be a serious accident in the transmission of electric power for the high conductivity of pollution in wet weather, such as rain or fog. Accordingly, a rapid and accurate online pollution detection method is of great importance for monitoring the safe status of transmission lines. Usually, to detect the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non-soluble deposit density (NSDD), the pollution should be collected when power cut off and bring back to lab, time-consuming, low accuracy and unable to meet the online detection. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows the highest potential for achieving online pollution detection, but its application in high voltage electrical engineering has only just begun to be examined. In this study, a LIBS method for quantitatively detecting the compositions of pollutions on the insulators was investigated, and the spectral characteristics of a natural pollution sample were examined. The energy spectra and LIBS analysis results were compared. LIBS was shown to detect pollution elements that were not detected by conventional energy spectroscopy and had an improved capacity to determine pollution composition. Furthermore, the effects of parameters, such as laser energy intensity and delay time, were investigated for artificial pollutions. Increasing the laser energy intensity and selecting a suitable delay time could enhance the precision and relative spectral intensities of the elements. Additionally, reducing the particle size and increasing the density achieved the same results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Variation of chlorophyll content changed the spectral degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of leaves as the photometric measurements. • Spectral indices expressed in terms of DOLP were able to estimate leaf chlorophyll content at different directions dominated by specular reflection. • The spectral DOLP and BRF indices have the potential to be used for LCC estimation under laboratory and field conditions. Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is an important indicator of plant physiological status, photosynthetic capacity, plant stress and senescence. Optical reflection measurements offer a nondestructive method for estimating LCC and have been widely used in plant science and ecological applications. Light reflected from leaves surfaces can be described by photometric and polarimetric measurements. In this study, previously introduced spectral indices based on photometric measurements did not yield highly accurate estimates of LCC using multi-angular measurement in the forward scattering directions. Subsequently, an index derived from photometric measurements, the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), and some previously introduced spectral indices based on the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) were used to estimate LCC. We found that a newly proposed spectral index based on BRF and 1/DOLP allowed the convenient estimation of LCC with a high accuracy, explaining more than 90% of LCC variation. The method, which relates LCC to the BRF and 1/DOLP of leaves using multi-angular measurements, indicates that both photometric and polarimetric properties are effective for LCC estimation. This study opens the possibility for estimating LCC based on polarization reflected from leaves. One advantage of using polarization to remotely sense leaf biochemical parameter is that DOLP measurements do not need to be normalized by a reference panel as BRF measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Cu@Cu–N–C composite electrocatalyst with metallic Cu NPs and Cu(II)-N x species embedded into the carbon matrix was pyrolyzed from ZIF-8 precursor through the formation of Cu(OH) 2 @ZIF-8. The optimal Cu@Cu–N–C catalyst obtained at 1000 °C features a hollow polyhedral morphology, which is resulted from the carbothermal reaction of in-situ generated Cu 2 O and ZnO with carbon beyond 800 °C. The best-performance Cu@Cu–N–C exhibits an impressive catalytic bifunction towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR) which is assumed to be imparted by the unique Cu(0)-Cu(II)-N x active sites. In alkaline electrolyte, it shows the ORR performance (E 1/2 = 0.83 V vs RHE) comparable to Pt/C (E 1/2 = 0.85 V vs RHE), and the assembled zinc-air (Zn-air) battery displays an excellent durability with the open circuit voltage (1.23 V) decaying only by ca. 4.2% in 80 h at 20 mA cm−2. For CO 2 RR, it also delivers an outstanding catalytic performance converting CO 2 into CO with a high Faradaic efficiency (90% at −0.5 V vs RHE). Control experiments have indicated that the potential synergistic interactions between Cu (0) (from Cu NPs) and Cu-N x sites have promoting effects on both ORR and CO 2 RR. A composite Cu@Cu–N–C catalyst with Cu(0)-Cu(II)-N x active sites exhibits an impressive catalytic bifunction towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR). Image 1 • A hollow Cu@Cu–N–C carbon material is pyrolyzed from Cu(OH) 2 @ ZIF-8 precursor. • Cu@Cu–N–C carbon material exhibits a catalytic bifunction towards ORR and CO 2 RR. • A synergistic effect between Cu NPs and Cu-N x has been revealed for ORR and CO 2 RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the optimal design of a hybrid assembly-recycling network that simultaneously integrates the forward and reverse logistics among its multi-product multi-echelon superstructure. Multiple sources of raw materials including components and parts are considered at different stages of the forward assembly process. The problem investigates three recycling options for final products, semi-products and modules. Various types of uncertainties on return flow and waste flow are investigated. To optimize the dual-system superstructure, the problem is hereby modeled by a fuzzy mixed integer linear programming approach. Piecewise linear membership functions are constructed for the objectives to represent the diversified satisfactory degrees which preferably comply with the real-world decision scenarios. Further, an interactive fuzzy optimization approach is developed to solve the problem by differentiating the piece-wise sections of satisfactory degrees. Finally, an electronic assembly plant with its own recycling process is chosen as the industrial case to implement the proposed approach. Sensitivity analysis and comparison under different scenarios are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness on obtaining compromised solutions under diversified satisfactory degrees in such an uncertain environment. • A hybrid assembly-recycling network with multiple recycling options is designed. • The uncertainties of return and waste flows are simultaneously considered. • A multi-echelon model for optimizing forward and reverse logistics is proposed. • An interactive fuzzy optimization approach with piece-wise membership is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional multivariate statistical-based process monitoring (MSPM) methods are effective data-driven approaches for monitoring large-scale industrial processes, but have a shortcoming in handling the redundant correlations between process variables. To address this shortcoming, this study proposes a new MSPM method called minimalist module analysis (MMA). MMA divides process data into several different minimalist modules and one more independent module. All variables in the minimalist module are strongly correlated, and no redundant variables exist; therefore, the extracted feature components in one minimalist module will not be disturbed by noise from the other modules. This study also proposes new monitoring indices and a fault localization strategy for MMA, and simulation tests demonstrate that MMA achieves superior performance in fault detection and localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracellular detection is highly desirable for biological research and clinical diagnosis, yet its quantitative analysis with noninvasivity, sensitivity, and accuracy remains challenging. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) dual‐excitation strategy is reported for ratiometric intracellular detection through the design of dye‐sensitized upconversion probes and employment of a purpose‐built NIR dual‐laser confocal microscope. NIR dye IR808, a recognizer of intracellular analyte hypochlorite, is introduced as energy donor and Yb,Er‐doped NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles are adopted as energy acceptor in the as‐designed nanoprobes. The efficient analyte‐dependent energy transfer and low background luminescence endow the nanoprobes with ultrahigh sensitivity. In addition, with the nonanalyte‐dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) excited by 980 nm as a self‐calibrated signal, the interference from environmental fluctuation can be alleviated. Furthermore, the dual 808/980 nm excited ratiometric UCL is demonstrated for the quantification of the level of intracellular hypochlorite. Particularly, the intrinsic hypochlorite with only nanomolar concentration in live MCF‐7 cells in the absence of exogenous stimuli is determined. Such an NIR dual‐excitation ratiometric strategy based on dye‐sensitized UCL probes can be easily extended to detect various intracellular analytes through tailoring the reactive NIR dyes, which provides a promising tool for probing biochemical processes in live cells and diagnosing diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]