Author: "Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich"' showing total 3,744 results

Start Over Author "Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich"

3,744 results on '"Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich"'

201. Livrable D1.1 - Powered Two-Wheelers - Road Traffic Accident Scenarios and Common Injuries - Project PIONEERS - Protective Innovations of New Equipment for Enhanced Rider Safety

Author: WISCH, Marcus, BREUNIG, Sandra, PIANTINI, Simone, SCHICK, Sylvia, WHYTE, Tom, Brown, Julia, CANU, Adrien, Perrin, Christophe, Serre, Thierry, PERERA, Nuria, MARTINEZ, Estrella, TOBAR, Marta, FERRER, Adria, PIEVE, Marco, Federal Highway Research Institute, Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Laboratoire Mécanismes d'Accidents (IFSTTAR/TS2/LMA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), IDIADA, Piaggio, PIONEERS, and IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux
Subjects: ACCIDENT, POWERED TWO-WHEELERS, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], ACCIDENT DE LA ROUTE, ACCIDENTOLOGIE, MOTOCYCLISTE, CIRCULATION ROUTIERE, ACCIDENT CONFIGURATIONS, RECONSTITUTION D&apos, DEUX ROUES MOTORISE, RECUEIL DE DONNEES, SECURITE ROUTIERE, ROAD SAFETY, INJURIES, BLESSURE
Abstract: Comprehensive literature review has been performed related to analyses of road traffic accidents involving powered two-wheelers (PTW). It became obvious that many projects, in particular European research projects, studies from French and Italian research institutes and from Australia have been working on this topic; however, results can hardly be compared since the definitions of many variables vary, different injury coding are used and all analysed in-depth accident datasets are based on greatly differing inclusion criteria. The PIONEERS project took this burden and established definitions for relevant Accident Scenarios and body regions which may form a new common understanding and will accelerate harmonization processes in this research field. Furthermore, several datasets from Europe and Australia (Compilation of macrostatistical European accident data as well as data from national statistics and in-depth accident investigations) of latest years have been analysed to provide a current understanding of the accident occurrence of powered two-wheelers.
Published: 2019

202. Introduction and Summary of the 2018 Dietary Glutamate Workshop

Author: Berthold Koletzko, David R Tennant, John D. Fernstrom, Ashley Roberts, Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens, Charles V. Vorhees, Daniel Tomé, Luc Cynober, AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, Partenaires INRAE, Food Chem Risk Anal, Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Cincinnati (UC), and International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC), Brussels
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Acceptable daily intake, Food Safety, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Medicine (miscellaneous), Glutamic Acid, Body weight, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, Humans, Technical committee, European food safety authority, Toxicologie, VLAG, Human Nutrition & Health, Risk assessment, 2. Zero hunger, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, Glutamate receptor, Congresses as Topic, Food safety, Amino acid, Diet, Human nutrition, Glutamate metabolism, Food Additives, Glutamate, business
Abstract: International audience; The 2018 Dietary Glutamate Workshop was organized and sponsored by the International Glutamate Technical Committee to provide a platform for a broad expert discussion on all relevant aspects of glutamate metabolism and safety in human nutrition. The participants reached a consensus with previous safety evaluations conducted by the global expert bodies, but contradicted the 2017 re-evaluation of dietary glutamates by the European Food Safety Authority, which proposed a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight per day. The participants of the Workshop con-cluded that the present knowledge on metabolism, kinetics, developmental and general toxicity of dietary glutamates did not warrant a change in the previous ADI of "not specified."
Published: 2018

203. Global, regional, and national burden of motor neuron diseases 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Logroscino, Giancarlo, Piccininni, Marco, Marin, Benoît, Nichols, Emma, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Alahdab, Fares, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Awasthi, Ashish, Chaiah, Yazan, Daryani, Ahmad, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dubey, Manisha, Elbaz, Alexis, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Foreman, Kyle J., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Hamidi, Samer, Hay, Simon I., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Ji, John S., Kasaeian, Amir, Kim, Yun Jin, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mokdad, Ali H., Nagel, Gabriele, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nixon, Molly R, Olagunju, Andrew T, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Piradov, Michael A, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Reiner, Robert C, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sharif, Mehdi, Temsah, Omar, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truong, Nu Thi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Feigin, Valery L., Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Università degli studi di Bari, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation [University of Washington], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Neurology [Egypte], Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Public Health Directorate, Saudi Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Mass Gathering Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Neuroépidémiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich-Grosshadern, Department of Neurology, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département santé travail (DST-InVS), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Institute of Epidemiology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], University of Tehran, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Logroscino, G, Piccininni, M, Marin, B, Nichols, E, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Alahdab, F, Asgedom, S, Awasthi, A, Chaiah, Y, Daryani, A, Do, H, Dubey, M, Elbaz, A, Eskandarieh, S, Farhadi, F, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Foreman, K, Gebre, A, Gnedovskaya, E, Hamidi, S, Hay, S, Irvani, S, Ji, J, Kasaeian, A, Kim, Y, Mantovani, L, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Mehndiratta, M, Mokdad, A, Nagel, G, Nguyen, T, Nixon, M, Olagunju, A, Owolabi, M, Piradov, M, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Reiner, R, Sahraian, M, Sarvi, S, Sharif, M, Temsah, O, Tran, B, Truong, N, Venketasubramanian, N, Winkler, A, Yimer, E, Feigin, V, Vos, T, and Murray, C
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Incidence, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Bayes Theorem, Middle Aged, Article, Global Burden of Disease, Age Distribution, Life Expectancy, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Humans, Disabled Persons, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), Motor Neuron Disease, Aged
Abstract: Summary Background Understanding how prevalence, incidence, and mortality of motor neuron diseases change over time and by location is crucial for understanding the causes of these disorders and for health-care planning. Our aim was to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for motor neuron diseases for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016. Methods The motor neuron diseases included in this study were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, and pseudobulbar palsy. Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs were estimated using a Bayesian meta-regression model. We analysed 14 165 site-years of vital registration cause of death data using the GBD 2016 cause of death ensemble model. The 84 risk factors quantified in GBD 2016 were tested for an association with incidence or death from motor neuron diseases. We also explored the relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility) and age-standardised DALYs of motor neuron diseases. Findings In 2016, globally, 330 918 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 299 522–367 254) individuals had a motor neuron disease. Motor neuron diseases have caused 926 090 (881 566–961 758) DALYs and 34 325 (33 051–35 364) deaths in 2016. The worldwide all-age prevalence was 4·5 (4·1–5·0) per 100 000 people, with an increase in age-standardised prevalence of 4·5% (3·4–5·7) over the study period. The all-age incidence was 0·78 (95% UI 0·71–0·86) per 100 000 person-years. No risk factor analysed in GBD showed an association with motor neuron disease incidence. The largest age-standardised prevalence was in high SDI regions: high-income North America (16·8, 95% UI 15·8–16·9), Australasia (14·7, 13·5–16·1), and western Europe (12·9, 11·7–14·1). However, the prevalence and incidence were lower than expected based on SDI in high-income Asia Pacific. Interpretation Motor neuron diseases have low prevalence and incidence, but cause severe disability with a high fatality rate. Incidence of motor neuron diseases has geographical heterogeneity, which is not explained by any risk factors quantified in GBD, suggesting other unmeasured risk factors might have a role. Between 1990 and 2016, the burden of motor neuron diseases has increased substantially. The estimates presented here, as well as future estimates based on data from a greater number of countries, will be important in the planning of services for people with motor neuron diseases worldwide. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

204. Staphylococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Impair Interleukin Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Author: Ksenia Semenovskaya, Pierre Germon, Martine Deplanche, Yves Le Loir, Chih-Lung Fu, Frederic Dessauge, Liudmila Alekseeva, Pascal Rainard, David Ge Smith, Laurence Finot, Nadejda Berkova, Holm Zerbe, Michael Otto, Wolfram Petzl, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Russian Academy of Sciences, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Clinic for Ruminants at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infectiologie Santé Publique (ISP-311), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, ERANETANIHWA (KOLIMASTIR Convention ANR-13-ANWA-0003-06)., Laboratory of Bacteriology, US National Institutes of Health, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: interleukine, 0301 basic medicine, Il-6, Il-8, medicine.disease_cause, Regulation of gene expression, Virulence, interleukin, santé animale, cellule épithéliale, Interleukin, immunologic reactions, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Host-Pathogen Interactions, phenol-soluble modulins, Female, escherichia coli, medicine.symptom, Signal Transduction, staphylococcus aureus, Bacterial Toxins, réponse immunitaire, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Inflammation, Biology, mastitis, Microbiology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Mammary Glands, Animal, Immune system, Species Specificity, medicine, Animals, Interleukin 8, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, animal health, Interleukin-6, Il-32, Interleukins, epithelial cell, Genetic Complementation Test, Interleukin-8, infection bactérienne, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Epithelial Cells, Dendritic cell, mammite, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Cell culture, Cattle, Parasitology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: The role of the recently described interleukin-32 (IL-32) in Staphylococcus aureus -induced mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is unclear. We determined expression of IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 in S. aureus - and Escherichia coli -infected bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. Using live bacteria, we found that in S. aureus -infected cells, induction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression was less pronounced than in E. coli -infected cells. Notably, IL-32 expression was decreased in S. aureus -infected cells, while it was increased in E. coli -infected cells. We identified the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides as key contributors to these effects, as IL-32, IL-6, and IL-8 expression by epithelial cells exposed to psm mutant strains was significantly increased compared to that in cells exposed to the isogenic S. aureus wild-type strain, indicating that PSMs inhibit the production of these interleukins. The use of genetically complemented strains confirmed this observation. Inasmuch as the decreased expression of IL-32, which is involved in dendritic cell maturation, impairs immune responses, our results support a PSM-dependent mechanism that allows for the development of chronic S. aureus -related mastitis.
Published: 2016

205. An innovative Surveillance analysis Tool for Outcome-based Comparison of FREEdom from infection in heterogeneous control programs

Author: Santmann, Inge, Fourichon, Christine, Madouasse, Aurélien, Mercat, Mathilde, Moré, S, Graham, David, Gethmann, Jörn, Sauter-Louis, Carola, Frössling, Jenny, Lindberg, Ann, Gomes, Carla, Gunn, George, Henry, Madeleine, Nielen, Mirjam, van Roon, Annika, van Duijn, Linda, van Schaik, Gierdien, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Ireland, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), GD - Animal Health Service, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Surveillance, Control programmes, Endemic diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease freedom
Abstract: International audience; Countries differ in existence, stage of eradication and design of control programs for non-regulated diseases. When freedom from infection is achieved, safe trade is essential to protect that status. The aim of STOC free, a collaboration between six countries, is to develop and validate a framework that enables transparent and standardized comparison of confidence of disease freedom for control programs across herds, regions or countries. The framework consists of a model (STOC free MODEL) combined with a tool to facilitate the collection of the necessary parameters (STOC free DATA). All actions taken in a control program will be included in a Bayesian model, which needs prior distributions for most parameters. Data for the distributions can be obtained from databases of control programs, demographic data and contact structures between herds. In addition, frequency of occurrence and risk estimates for factors that influence either the probability of introduction or delayed detection of the infection will be included in the model. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is used as an example disease. Many countries have control programs in place for this complex and detrimental disease with wide differences between application of vaccinations, combinations of diagnostic tests applied, frequency of testing and target groups. Although BVDV will be a thorough test of the initial developed framework, it should be generic enough to be adaptable to control programs for other diseases. With the introduction of the new Animal Health Law (AHL), it is anticipated that assessments of the performance of control programmes will progressively change towards output-based measures. The STOC free framework will support the AHL by providing a single general framework, adaptable to multiple diseases, which aims to enhance the safety of trade.
Published: 2018

206. Qualitative comparison of BVDV control programmes in Europe to substantiate freedom from infection

Author: van Roon, Annika, Santmann, Inge, Graham, David, Moré, S, Nielen, Mirjam, van Duijn, Linda, Mercat, Mathilde, Fourichon, Christine, Madouasse, Aurélien, Gethmann, Jörn, Sauter-Louis, Carola, Frössling, Jenny, Lindberg, Ann, Gomes, Carla, Gunn, George, Henry, Madeleine, van Schaik, Gierdien, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Ireland, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), GD - Animal Health Service, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Non-regulated diseases, Surveillance, Control programmes, animal diseases, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], virus diseases, Disease freedom, complex mixtures, BVDV
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Several European countries have implemented control or eradication programmes for non-regulated diseases such as bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). However, the diversity in such control programmes (CP) creates difficulties for intra-community trade given that the probability of freedom from e.g. BVDV will differ between countries. This poses a risk of potential movement of BVDV into free regions. An understanding of equivalence with respect to disease freedom is important when seeking to facilitate interstate animal movements,whilst also managing the risk of infection. In this project, six European countries collaborate to develop an output-based approach to assess and compare confidence of freedom resulting from different CPs. The aim was to qualitatively compare the confidence of freedom resulting from different BVDV CPs. Materials and methods: An existing tool for harmonized description of surveillance programmes (the RISKSUR tool) was used to collect information from each participating country about BVDV status, demographic information and surveillance activities for BVDV, and expanded to also include control measures of the BVDV CPs. Results: The design of BVDV CPs differed considerably as well as country demographics (Table 1). The aspects of the different CPs were grouped in three main topics: context (i.e. BVDV status, occurrence of risk factors), actions to obtain a BVDV free status and measures to monitor the free status. Conclusions: The variation in context was larger than the variation in control programmes, resulting in different risk classifications for territories. The context of a country or territory is crucial information for an outcomebased comparison of BVDV CPs.
Published: 2018

207. Assessment of a putative trade-off relationship between production and humoral immune responses in layer hens

Author: Zerjal, Tatiana, Härtle, Sonja, Gourichon, David, Guillory, Vanaïque, Bruneau, Nicolas, Kaspers, Bernd, Pinard-van Der Laan, Marie-Hélène, Trapp, Sascha, Bed'Hom, Bertrand, Quéré, Pascale, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Avian Immunology Research Group., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

208. Microbial colonisation is essential for the development of the gut immune system in chickens

Author: Kaspers, Bernd, Lettmann, Sarah, Härtle, Sonja, Röll, Suzanne, Schusser, Benjamin, Velge, Philippe, Schouler, Catherine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

209. Chromatin spatial organization and transcription regulation during early embryonic development: the example of ribosomal genes

Author: Chebrout, Martine, KONE, Maïmouna, Adenot, Pierre, Fleurot, Renaud, Aguirre-Lavin, Tiphaine, Beaujean Bobineau, Nathalie, Bonnet-Garnier, Amélie, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), REVIVE Labex, and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU). Munich, DEU.
Subjects: early embryo, ribosomal gene, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], embryo, rDNA, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], DNA-FISH, nucleolus, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, mouse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3D-FISH, nuclear architecture
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

210. LCO Receptors Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Are Functional for Rhizobia Perception in Legumes

Author: Martin Parniske, Jean Keller, Camille Ribeyre, Benoit Lefebvre, Luis Buendia, Jean-Jacques Bono, Mégane Gaston, Didier Reinhardt, Pierre-Marc Delaux, Michiel Vandenbussche, Marie-Christine Auriac, Tatiana Vernié, Martine Schorderet, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Martina Katharina Ried, Ariane Girardin, Tongming Wang, Patrice Morel, Virginie Gasciolli, Yi Ding, Lefebvre, Benoît, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest University, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Imagerie, Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Evolution des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), French National Research Agency (ANR) : ANR-16-CE20-0025-01, 'Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX)' TULIP : ANR-10-LABX-41, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) : 31003A_169732, research project Engineering Nitrogen Symbiosis for Africa (ENSA) through Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation : OPP1172165, Region Occitanie, INRA Department of Plant Health and Environment (SPE), China Scholarship Council, ERC Advanced Grant ERC-2013-ADG, 'Molecular inventions underlying the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis' (EVOLVINGNODULES), ANR-16-CE20-0025,WHEATSYM,ROLES DES SIGNAUX MICROBIENS LCO/CO ET DE LEURS RECEPTEURS DE PLANTES DANS DES INTERACTIONS BENEFIQUES ENTRE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET MICROORGANISMES DU SOL(2016), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, 0301 basic medicine, lysin motif receptor-like kinase, Root nodule, Mutant, Oligosaccharides, plant, Chitin, Petunia, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rhizobia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Solanum lycopersicum, Symbiosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, evolution, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, nodulation, Solanaceae, Legume, Plant Proteins, Chitosan, Vegetal Biology, biology, arbuscular mycorrhiza, fungi, food and beverages, Fabaceae, lipochitooligosaccharide, biology.organism_classification, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, symbiotic signal, Protein Kinases, Biologie végétale, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Orthologous Gene, Rhizobium, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Summary Bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are key mediators of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in legumes. The isolation of LCOs from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi suggested that LCOs are also signaling molecules in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, the corresponding plant receptors have remained uncharacterized. Here we show that petunia and tomato mutants in the LysM receptor-like kinases LYK10 are impaired in AM formation. Petunia and tomato LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for LCOs (Kd in the nM range) comparable to that previously reported for a legume LCO receptor essential for the RNS. Interestingly, the tomato and petunia LYK10 promoters, when introduced into a legume, were active in nodules similarly to the promoter of the legume orthologous gene. Moreover, tomato and petunia LYK10 coding sequences restored nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs. This combination of genetic and biochemical data clearly pinpoints Solanaceous LYK10 as part of an ancestral LCO perception system involved in AM establishment, which has been directly recruited during evolution of the RNS in legumes., Highlights • Mutants in Solanaceaous LysM receptors LYK10 are impaired in arbuscular mycorrhiza • LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for lipo-chitooligosaccharidic signal molecules • LYK10 promoter is expressed in arbuscule-containing cells in tomato roots • Solanaceaous LYK10 can restore nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs, Soil rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi produce lipo-chitooligosaccharidic (LCO) signal molecules. Girardin et al. show that plant LCO receptors are involved in establishment of the ancient AM symbiosis and have been recruited during evolution for establishment of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with rhizobia.
Published: 2019

211. Immunomodulation of Host Chitinase 3-Like 1 During a Mammary Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

Author: Kristel Demeyere, Pierre Germon, Chun Geun Lee, Evelyne Meyer, Koen Breyne, Jack A. Elias, David Smith, Wolfram Petzl, Jonas Steenbrugge, Meyer, Evelyne, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Brown University, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, KOlimastIR, an European international consortium funded by ANIHWA and NFSR Flanders, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 0301 basic medicine, mammite bovine, infection expérimentale, PROTEINS, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Escherichia coli, bovine mastitis, chitinase 3-like 1, immunomodulation, mouse mammary gland infection model, souris, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, CHI3L1, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MILK, COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS, INFLAMMATION, MASTITIS, animal modèle, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Veterinary Sciences, CHITOTRIOSIDASE, Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1, Innate immune system, Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology and Life Sciences, Chitin synthase, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, APOPTOSIS, 3. Good health, MODEL, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, Cytokine, Transcytosis, WHEY, Chitinase, biology.protein, TISSUE RESPONSES, escherichia coli, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract: The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01143/full#supplementary-material; International audience; Chitin is a N-acetyl-d-glucosamine biopolymer that can be recognized by chitin-binding proteins. Although mammals lack chitin synthase, they induce proteins responsible for detecting chitin in response to bacterial infections. Our aim was to investigate whether chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) has a potential role in the innate immunity of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) infected mammary gland. CHI3L1 protein was found to be secreted in whey of naturally coliform-affected quarters compared to whey samples isolated from healthy udders. In addition, gene expression of CHI3L1 was confirmed in udder tissue of cows experimentally infected with a mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) strain. Despite the known anatomical differences, the bovine udders' innate immune response was mimicked by applying an experimental mouse model using MPEC or non-MPEC isolates. The effect of CHI3L1 expression in the murine mammary gland in response to coliform bacteria was investigated through the use of CHI3L1-/- mice as well as through treatment with either a pan-caspase inhibitor or chitin particles in wild-type mice. The local induction of CHI3L1 postinfection with different E. coli strains was demonstrated to be independent of both bacterial growth and mammary interleukin (IL)-8 levels. Indeed, CHI3L1 emerged as a regulator impacting on the transcytosis of Ly6G-positive cells from the interstitial space into the alveolar lumen of the mammary tissue. Furthermore, CHI3L1 was found to be upstream regulated by caspase activity and had a major downstream effect on the local pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, including IL-1beta, IL-6, and RANTES/CCL5. In conclusion, CHI3L1 was demonstrated to play a key role in the cytokine and caspase signaling during E. coli triggered inflammation of the mammary gland.
Published: 2018

212. CFTR-Deficient Pigs Have Altered Bone Microarchitecture and Elevated Closed Cortical Porosity at Birth

Author: Velard, Frédéric, Jourdain, M., Caballero-Posadas, Ignacio, Winter, Nathalie, Si-Tahar, Mustapha, Klymiuk, N., Gangloff, Sophie, Jacquot, Jacky, Braux, J., Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux - EA 4691 (BIOS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Vertex Inc., French Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, American Thoracic Society. USA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

213. Atrophy of primary lymphoid organs induced by Marek’s Disease Virus during early infection is associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and a severe B- lymphopenia

Author: Caroline Denesvre, Camille Berthault, Thibaut Larcher, Sonja Härtle, Jean-François Vautherot, Laëtitia Trapp-Fragnet, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), ERA-NET Anihwa program, MADISUP project consortium, INRA and Region Centre-Val de Loire, ProdInra, Migration, and Denesvre, Caroline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, animal structures, Lymphoid Tissue, medicine.medical_treatment, Virologie, viruses, animal diseases, poulet, Apoptosis, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Atrophy, thymus, Virology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Lymphopenia, medicine, Marek Disease, Animals, Bursa of Fabricius, Herpesvirus 2, Gallid, Poultry Diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Proliferation, prolifération cellulaire, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Marek's disease, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, atrophie, General Veterinary, biology, virus diseases, Immunosuppression, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Lymphatic system, Lytic cycle, bourse de fabricius, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, virus maladie de marek, lcsh:SF600-1100, Chickens, Research Article
Abstract: Marek’s disease is a multi-faceted highly contagious disease affecting chickens caused by the Marek’s disease alphaherpesvirus (MDV). MDV early infection induces a transient immunosuppression, which is associated with thymus and bursa of Fabricius atrophy. Little is known about the cellular processes involved in primary lymphoid organ atrophy. Here, by in situ TUNEL assay, we demonstrate that MDV infection results in a high level of apoptosis in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, which is concomitant to the MDV lytic cycle. Interestingly, we observed that in the thymus most of the MDV infected cells at 6 days post-infection (dpi) were apoptotic, whereas in the bursa of Fabricius most of the apoptotic cells were uninfected suggesting that MDV triggers apoptosis by two different modes in these two primary lymphoid organs. In addition, a high decrease of cell proliferation was observed from 6 to 14 dpi in the bursa of Fabricius follicles, and not in the thymus. Finally, with an adapted absolute blood lymphocyte count, we demonstrate a major B-lymphopenia during the two 1st weeks of infection, and propose this method as a potent non-invasive tool to diagnose MDV bursa of Fabricius infection and atrophy. Our results demonstrate that the thymus and bursa of Fabricius atrophies are related to different cell mechanisms, with different temporalities, that affect infected and uninfected cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-018-0526-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

214. Type I IFN stimulation primes chicken macrophages to an exacerbated inflammatory phenotype mediated by IFNβ following bacterial challenge

Author: Garrido, Damien, Alber, Andreas, Kut, Emmanuel, Chanteloup, Nathalie Katy, Lion, Adrien, Trotereau, Angélina, Tedin, Karsten, Kaspers, Bernd, Vervelde, Lonneke, Trapp, Sascha, Schouler, Catherine, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

215. L’herpèsvirus de la maladie de Marek induit une atrophie des organes lymphoïdes primaires durant l’infection précoce, associée à un accroissement d’apoptose, à une inhibition de la prolifération cellulaire et à une forte lymphopénie B

Author: Berthault, Camille, Larcher, Thibaut, Härtle, Sonja, Vautherot, Jean-François, Fragnet-Trapp, Laëtitia, Denesvre, Caroline, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Société Française de Virologie (SFV). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

216. Development of a Surveillance analysis Tool for Outcome-based Comparison of the confidence of freedom generated by control programmes

Author: Santmann, Inge, Madouasse, Aurélien, Mercat, Mathilde, Moré, S, Fourichon, Christine, Graham, David, Frössling, Jenny, Lindberg, Ann, Gethmann, Jörn, Sauter-Louis, Carola, Gunn, George, Gomes, Carla, Henry, Madeleine, Van Roon, Annika, Nielen, Mirjam, van Duijn, Linda, Van Schaik, Gerdien, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], GD - Animal Health Service, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Ireland, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

217. Using heterogeneous information for the estimation of the probability of freedom from infection with BVD virus: A conceptual model mapping information onto infection biology

Author: Mercat, Mathilde, van Roon, Annika, Santmann, Inge, Nielen, Mirjam, van Duijn, Linda, van Schaik, Gerdien, Moré, S, Graham, David, Frössling, Jenny, Lindberg, Ann, Gethmann, Jörn, Sauter-Louis, Carola, Gunn, George, Gomes, Carla, Henry, Madeleine, Fourichon, Christine, Madouasse, Aurélien, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], GD - Animal Health Service, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Ireland, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

218. Demographic histories and genetic diversity across pinnipeds are shaped by human exploitation, ecology and life-history

Author: Simon D. Goldsworthy, T. Pastor, Emily Humble, Jennifer K. Schultz, A.J. Paijmans, Jochen B. W. Wolf, Filippo Galimberti, Simona Sanvito, Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Hazel J. Nichols, Aaron B. A. Shafer, Neil J. Gemmell, S. Negro, Amy J. Osborne, Oliver Krüger, B. L. Chilvers, Joseph I. Hoffman, Bradford C. Dickerson, Bruce C. Robertson, Martin A. Stoffel, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Massey University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Elephant Seal Research Group, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], South Australian Research and Development Institute, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of biological Sciences [Christchurch], University of Canterbury [Christchurch], EUROPARC Federation, Trent Univ, Forens Sci & Environm Life Sci, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada, Uppsala University, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Research Foundation (DFG) [HO 5122/3-1, HO 5122/5-1, SFB TRR 212], Liverpool John Moores University, and Hoffman, Joseph. I.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, bottleneck, Genotyping Techniques, genetic structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Endangered species, General Physics and Astronomy, Population genetics, northern elephant seal, History, 18th Century, biological conservation, 01 natural sciences, allele frequency data, IUCN Red List, r package, lcsh:Science, education.field_of_study, GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, extinction, approximate bayesian computation, effective population-size, sexual selection, inference, History, 19th Century, Caniformia, Geography, Conservation biology, Conservation of Natural Resources, Science, Population, macromolecular substances, History, 21st Century, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Genetik, education, Ecosystem, Genetic diversity, Models, Statistical, Genetic Variation, General Chemistry, social sciences, History, 20th Century, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Population bottleneck, lcsh:Q, human activities, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: A central paradigm in conservation biology is that population bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and population viability. In an era of biodiversity loss and climate change, understanding the determinants and consequences of bottlenecks is therefore an important challenge. However, as most studies focus on single species, the multitude of potential drivers and the consequences of bottlenecks remain elusive. Here, we combined genetic data from over 11,000 individuals of 30 pinniped species with demographic, ecological and life history data to evaluate the consequences of commercial exploitation by 18th and 19th century sealers. We show that around one third of these species exhibit strong signatures of recent population declines. Bottleneck strength is associated with breeding habitat and mating system variation, and together with global abundance explains much of the variation in genetic diversity across species. Overall, bottleneck intensity is unrelated to IUCN status, although the three most heavily bottlenecked species are endangered. Our study reveals an unforeseen interplay between human exploitation, animal biology, demographic declines and genetic diversity., Historical hunting has caused documented declines in pinnipeds, but the extent to which hunting caused genetic bottlenecks among species was unknown. Here, the authors show evidence of severe bottlenecks in several pinniped species, particularly those that breed on land.
Published: 2018

219. Deciphering the complex architecture of an herb using micro-computed X-ray tomography, with an illustrated discussion on architectural diversity of herbs

Author: Guillaume Chomicki, Christian Jay-Allemand, Yannick M. Staedler, Jürg Schönenberger, Susanne S. Renner, Luc P. R. Bidel, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna [Vienna], Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Vienna, and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, plant architecture, food.ingredient, Context (language use), Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, stolon, Centella, food, Monopodial, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Leafy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, electron microscopy, Stolon, 15. Life on land, Meristem, Sympodial, Inflorescence, Herb, 010606 plant biology & botany, Apiaceae, architecture de la plante
Abstract: Differing from most animals, plants have an indeterminate body plan, allowing them to add new body parts throughout their lifetime. The realized modular construction of a plant is the result of endogenous processes and exogenous constraints. Plant architectural analysis provides a holistic approach to whole-plant development by disentangling endogenous processes from exogenous constraints. Such analyses have focused more on trees than herbs. We here report a rare growth form discovered in the tropical herb Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) using micro-computed X-ray tomography to understand organogenesis in the meristem. Seeds of C. asiatica germinate to give rise to an orthotropic monochasium (sympodium) with terminal inflorescences. A stolon subsequently emerges from the oldest leaf axils of the sympodium. The primary growth of stolons is indeterminate (monopodial), and they only bear scale leaves. The stolon not only produces new leafy sympodial shoots at each node but also an axillary inflorescence. To place this growth form in context, we illustrate all architectural models so far reported from herbs. Our study highlights the complexity of herb architectures and illustrates the use of a novel methodology to decipher plant branching modes.
Published: 2018

220. Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals

Author: Gert Wörheide, Walker Pett, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Nicolas Lartillot, Hervé Philippe, Davide Pisani, Roberto Feuda, Martin Dohrmann, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA DIVISION OF BIOLOGY USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Iowa State University (ISU), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Milano, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and University of Bristol [Bristol]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Sister, posterior predictive tests, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, Journal Article, Animals, Phylum Ctenophora, Phylogeny, Phylum Porifera, biology, Metazoa, phylogenomics, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Porifera, compositional heterogeneity, Metazoa, phylogenomics, compositional heterogeneity, data recoding,posterior predictive tests, Ctenophora, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Sister group, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, data recoding
Abstract: The relationships at the root of the animal tree have proven difficult to resolve, with the current debate focusing on whether sponges (phylum Porifera) or comb jellies (phylum Ctenophora) are the sister group of all other animals [1–5]. The choice of evolutionary models seems to be at the core of the problem because Porifera tends to emerge as the sister group of all other animals (“Porifera-sister”) when site-specific amino acid differences are modeled (e.g., [6, 7]), whereas Ctenophora emerges as the sister group of all other animals (“Ctenophora-sister”) when they are ignored (e.g., [8–11]). We show that two key phylogenomic datasets that previously supported Ctenophora-sister [10, 12] display strong heterogeneity in amino acid composition across sites and taxa and that no routinely used evolutionary model can adequately describe both forms of heterogeneity. We show that data-recoding methods [13–15] reduce compositional heterogeneity in these datasets and that models accommodating site-specific amino acid preferences can better describe the recoded datasets. Increased model adequacy is associated with significant topological changes in support of Porifera-sister. Because adequate modeling of the evolutionary process that generated the data is fundamental to recovering an accurate phylogeny [16–20], our results strongly support sponges as the sister group of all other animals and provide further evidence that Ctenophora-sister represents a tree reconstruction artifact. Video Abstract [Figure presented] The relationships at the root of the animal tree are debated. Feuda et al. show that comb jellies emerge as the sister of all the other animals when the model inadequately describes the data. As modeling improves, sponges emerge in this position instead, indicating that trees placing the comb jellies at the root of the animals are artifactual.
Published: 2017

221. TrypanoCyc: a community-led biochemical pathways database for Trypanosoma brucei

Author: Shameer, Sanu, Logan-Klumpler, Flora J, Vinson, Florence, Cottret, Ludovic, Merlet, Benjamin, Achcar, Fiona, Boshart, Michael, Berriman, Matthew, Breitling, Rainer, Bringaud, Frédéric, Bütikofer, Peter, Cattanach, Amy M, Bannerman-Chukualim, Bridget, Creek, Darren J, Crouch, Kathryn, de Koning, Harry P, Denise, Hubert, Ebikeme, Charles, Fairlamb, Alan H, Ferguson, Michael A J, Ginger, Michael L, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Kerkhoven, Eduard J, Mäser, Pascal, Michels, Paul A M, Nayak, Archana, Nes, David W, Nolan, Derek P, Olsen, Christian, Silva-Franco, Fatima, Smith, Terry K, Taylor, Martin C, Tielens, Aloysius G M, Urbaniak, Michael D, van Hellemond, Jaap J, Vincent, Isabel M, Wilkinson, Shane R, Wyllie, Susan, Opperdoes, Fred R, Barrett, Michael P, Jourdan, Fabien, LS Biochemie van parasieten, B&C BRC-SIB-TR, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Cancer, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, LS Biochemie van parasieten, B&C BRC-SIB-TR, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells & Cancer, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Métabolisme et Xénobiotiques (ToxAlim-MeX), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Glasgow, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, University of Manchester [Manchester], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bern, Monash University, European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), University of Dundee, Lancaster University, University of Liverpool, Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Edinburgh, TexasTech University, Trinity College Dublin, Biomatters Inc, Partenaires INRAE, University of St Andrews [Scotland], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Erasmus University Rotterdam, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), ANR project, European Project: 290080,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN,PARAMET(2012), University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU)
Subjects: Proteomics, Anabolism, QH301 Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Metabolic network, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, Trypanosoma brucei, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, QH301, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Database Issue, Data Mining, 030304 developmental biology, base de données, 0303 health sciences, Internet, Database, Catabolism, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, DAS, métabolisme cellulaire, biology.organism_classification, maladie parasitaire, QR, Metabolic pathway, 570 Life sciences, biology, computer, trypanosoma brucei, Databases, Chemical, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Abstract: European Commission FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network ‘ParaMet’ [290080 to S.S.]; ANR project MetaboHub [ANR-11-INBS-0010 to B.M.]; Wellcome Trust [085349]; The work of Fiona Achcar was part of the SysMO SilicoTryp project coordinated by R.B. Funding for open access charge: European Commission FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network ‘ParaMet’ [290080]. The metabolic network of a cell represents the catabolic and anabolic reactions that interconvert small molecules (metabolites) through the activity of enzymes, transporters and non-catalyzed chemical reactions. Our understanding of individual metabolic networks is increasing as we learn more about the enzymes that are active in particular cells under particular conditions and as technologies advance to allow detailed measurements of the cellular metabolome. Metabolic network databases are of increasing importance in allowing us to contextualise data sets emerging from transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic experiments. Here we present a dynamic database, TrypanoCyc (http://www.metexplore.fr/trypanocyc/), which describes the generic and condition-specific metabolic network of Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protozoan responsible for human and animal African trypanosomiasis. In addition to enabling navigation through the BioCyc-based TrypanoCyc interface, we have also implemented a network-based representation of the information through MetExplore, yielding a novel environment in which to visualise the metabolism of this important parasite. Publisher PDF
Published: 2015

222. Multiple geographical origins of environmental sex determination enhanced the diversification of Darwin's favourite orchids

Author: Fabien L. Condamine, Jochen Heinrichs, Bente B. Klitgaard, Guillaume Chomicki, Jurriaan M. de Vos, Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar, Günter Gerlach, Eric de Camargo Smidt, Aline C. Martins, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental sex determination, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Diversification (marketing strategy), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Catasetinae, Animals, lcsh:Science, Orchidaceae, Pollination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Likelihood Functions, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, Habitat fragmentation, Phylogenetic tree, Geography, Ecology, lcsh:R, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Bees, Mating system, biology.organism_classification, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Environmental sex determination (ESD) − a change in sexual function during an individual life span driven by environmental cues − is an exceedingly rare sexual system among angiosperms. Because ESD can directly affect reproduction success, it could influence diversification rate as compared with lineages that have alternative reproductive systems. Here we test this hypothesis using a solid phylogenetic framework of Neotropical Catasetinae, the angiosperm lineage richest in taxa with ESD. We assess whether gains of ESD are associated with higher diversification rates compared to lineages with alternative systems while considering additional traits known to positively affect diversification rates in orchids. We found that ESD has evolved asynchronously three times during the last ~5 Myr. Lineages with ESD have consistently higher diversification rates than related lineages with other sexual systems. Habitat fragmentation due to mega-wetlands extinction, and climate instability are suggested as the driving forces for ESD evolution.
Published: 2017

223. Comparative development of embryos and placenta in mammals: how to choose the right biomedical model

Author: Chavatte-Palmer, Pascale, Duranthon, Véronique, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU). DEU. European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), BEL.
Subjects: [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

224. Is maternal diabetes causing a delay in embryo development through hypoblast underdevelopment?

Author: Grybel, K.J., Canon, Eugenie, Knelangen, J., Kradolfer, D., Pendzialek, Mareike, Schindler, M., Seeling, T., Gurke, Jacqueline, Blachère, T., Godet, M., Obeid, R., Ulbrich, S., Fischer, B., Duranthon, Véronique, Navarrete Santos, Anne, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut cellule souche et cerveau (SBRI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Saarland University Medical Center, COST Actions BM1308, TD1101, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU). DEU. European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), BEL., European Project: 317146,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN,EPIHEALTHNET(2013), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut cellule souche et cerveau (U846 Inserm - UCBL1)
Subjects: Biologie du développement, Development Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, développement de l'embryon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, diabète, effet maternel
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

225. Recent origin and rapid speciation of Neotropical orchids in the world's richest plant biodiversity hotspot

Author: Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro, Chomicki, Guillaume, Condamine, Fabien, Karremans, Adam, BogarÍn, Diego, Matzke, Nicholas, Silvestro, Daniele, Antonelli, Alexandre, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Gothenburg (GU), Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey, UK, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Australian National University (ANU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg Botanical Garden (Botaniska), O.A.P-E. is supported by a Colombian National Science Foundation (COLCIENCIAS) scholarship and G.C. is supported by a German Science Foundation grant (RE 603/20). F.L.C. is supported by a Marie Curie grant (BIOMME project, IOF-627684) and has benefited from an 'Investissements d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01). A.P.K. and D.B. were supported by grants from the Alberta Mennega Foundation. N.J.M. was supported by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through NSF Award no. EFJ0832858, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and is currently supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DE150101773, funded by the Australian Research Council, and by The Australian National University. D.S. is funded by the Swedish Research Council (2015-04748). A.A. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013, ERC Grant Agreement no. 331024), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 627684,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF,BIOMME(2015), European Project: ERC FP/2007‐2013, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: Neotropics, diversification, molecular clocks, Full Paper, Genetic Speciation, Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Andes, Biodiversity, South America, Full Papers, Orchidaceae/genetics, Orchidaceae/physiology, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Orchidaceae, biodiversity hotspots, biogeography, mountain building, neotropics, Mountain building, Biogeography, Diversification, Biodiversity hostpots, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Molecular clocks
Abstract: The Andean mountains of South America are the most species‐rich biodiversity hotspot worldwide with c. 15% of the world's plant species, in only 1% of the world's land surface. Orchids are a key element of the Andean flora, and one of the most prominent components of the Neotropical epiphyte diversity, yet very little is known about their origin and diversification. We address this knowledge gap by inferring the biogeographical history and diversification dynamics of the two largest Neotropical orchid groups (Cymbidieae and Pleurothallidinae), using two unparalleled, densely sampled orchid phylogenies (including more than 400 newly generated DNA sequences), comparative phylogenetic methods, geological and biological datasets. We find that the majority of Andean orchid lineages only originated in the last 20–15 million yr. Andean lineages are derived from lowland Amazonian ancestors, with additional contributions from Central America and the Antilles. Species diversification is correlated with Andean orogeny, and multiple migrations and recolonizations across the Andes indicate that mountains do not constrain orchid dispersal over long timescales. Our study sheds new light on the timing and geography of a major Neotropical diversification, and suggests that mountain uplift promotes species diversification across all elevational zones. German Science Foundation/[RE 603/20]/DFG/Alemania Agence Nationale de la Recherche/[ANR‐10‐LABX‐25‐01]/ANR/Francia National Science Foundation/[EFJ0832858]/NSF/Estados Unidos Discovery Early Career Researcher Award/[DE150101773]/DECRA/Australia Swedish Research Council/[2015‐04748]//Suecia European Research Council/[331024]/ERC/Unión Europea European Union's Seventh Framework Program/[FP/2007‐2013]/FP7/Unión Europea UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Jardín Botánico Lankester (JBL)
Published: 2017

226. Finding Collaboration Partners in a Scientific Community: The Role of Cognitive Group Awareness, Career Level, and Disciplinary Background Collaboration and integration of newcomers in scientific communities

Author: Eberle, Julia, Stegmann, Karsten, Fischer, Frank, Barrat, Alain, Lund, Kristine, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), CPT - E5 Physique statistique et systèmes complexes, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Society of the Learning Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Barrat, Alain
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-SM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech]
Abstract: International audience; Integrating newcomers and fostering collaboration between researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds is a challenge for scientific communities. Prior research suggests that both network-driven selection patterns (reciprocity and transitivity) and the active selection of specific others are important. Selecting appropriate collaboration partners may moreover require what we call cognitive group awareness, (i.e. knowledge about the knowledge of others). In a field study at two multidisciplinary scientific events (Alpine RendezVous 2011 and 2013) including N= 287 researchers, we investigated selection patterns, looking specifically at career level and disciplinary background, and included a cognitive group awareness intervention. While we could not completely explain how researchers choose with whom they interact, we found that transitivity and interaction duration are relevant for later collaboration. Cognitive group awareness support was beneficial for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Career level was a less relevant factor. We discuss measures for supporting newcomer integration and community buildings based on our findings.
Published: 2017

227. La colonisation bactérienne est essentielle pour le développement du système immunitaire intestinal du poulet

Author: Kaspers, Bernd, Lettmann, Sarah, Röll, Suzanne, Schouler, Catherine, Velge, Philippe, Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, système immunitaire, intestin, chicken, poulet, colonisation bactérienne, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, intestine, race aviaire domestique
Abstract: La colonisation bactérienne est essentielle pour le développement du système immunitaire intestinal du poulet. 12. Journées de la Recherche Avicole et Palmipèdes à Foie Gras
Published: 2017

228. Pressurized intra-peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): does increase of level of pneumoperitoneum change distribution pattern and penetration depth of doxorubicin in a sheep model?

Author: Mimouni, Myriam, Huchon, Cyrille, Adenot, Pierre, Letheule, Martine, Cohen, Julie, Richard, Christophe, Chavatte-Palmer, Pascale, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Hospitalier iItercommunal de Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye - CHIPS [Poissy], Partenaires INRAE, and Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU). DEU. European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), BEL.
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Chimie thérapeutique, ovin, mouton, cancer ovarien, chimiothérapie, animal modèle, carcinome, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, cavite peritoneale, Autre (Sciences du Vivant)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

229. The ERN1 transcription factor gene is a target of the CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex and controls rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus

Author: Cerri, Marion, Wang, Quanhui, Stolz, Paul, Folgmann, Jessica, Frances, Lisa, Katzer, Katja, Li, Xiaolin, Heckmann, Anne, Wang, Trevor, Downie, J. Allan, Klingl, Andreas, de Carvalho-Niebel, Fernanda, Xie, Fang, Parniske, Martin, Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwich Research Park, Institut of Food Research, Plant Development and Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, NSFC : 31470344, French Laboratoire d'Excellence (Labex) TULIP : ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) : ANR-14-CE35-0007-01 COME-IN, ANR-14-CE35-0007,COME-IN,Cell-specific reprogramming of legume roots for endosymbiotic infection(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), European Project: 340904, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), John Innes Centre [Norwich], National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) : 31470344, European Research Council (ERC) : 340904, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : BB/F010591/1, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : BBS/E/J/00000150, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CCaMK, Plant Roots, Rhizobium infection, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Rhizobiaceae, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Plant Immunity, transcriptional regulation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Genetic Association Studies, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, promoter analysis, root nodule symbiosis, fungi, lotus japonicus, food and beverages, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, ERN1, CYCLOPS, rhizobium japonicum, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, nitrogen fixation, Lotus, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Bacterial accommodation inside living plant cells is restricted to the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis. In many legumes, bacterial uptake is mediated via tubular structures called infection threads (ITs).To identify plant genes required for successful symbiotic infection, we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenized population of Lotus japonicus for mutants defective in IT formation and cloned the responsible gene, ERN1, encoding an AP2/ERF transcription factor. We performed phenotypic analysis of two independent L.japonicus mutant alleles and investigated the regulation of ERN1 via transactivation and DNA-protein interaction assays.In ern1 mutant roots, nodule primordia formed, but most remained uninfected and bacterial entry via ITs into the root epidermis was abolished. Infected cortical nodule cells contained bacteroids, but transcellular ITs were rarely observed. A subset exhibited localized cell wall degradation and loss of cell integrity associated with bacteroid spread into neighbouring cells and the apoplast.Functional promoter studies revealed that CYCLOPS binds in a sequence-specific manner to a motif within the ERN1 promoter and in combination with CCaMK positively regulates ERN1 transcription. We conclude that the activation of ERN1 by CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex is an important step controlling IT-mediated bacterial progression into plant cells.
Published: 2017

230. Herd-level animal management factors associated with the occurrence of bovine neonatal pancytopenia in calves in a multi-country study

Author: Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Matthijs Schouten, Richard Booth, Sarne De Vliegher, Piet Deprez, Gerdien van Schaik, Carola Sauter-Louis, Jacqueline M. Cardwell, Jörg Henning, Anja Smolenaars, Raphaël Guatteo, Ingrid den Uijl, Jozef Laureyns, Alexander Stoll, Aurélien Madouasse, Simon Nusinovici, Mirjam Nielen, Bryony A. Jones, Christine Fourichon, Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics & Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College - University of London, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University [Utrecht], GD Animal Health Service, UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque (BioEpAR)-Santé animale (S.A.), Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Biology of Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gent University, Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and dFAH AVR
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Questionnaires, Veterinary medicine, Physiology, Pancytopenia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, COLOSTRUM, 0403 veterinary science, Leukocytopenia, Belgium, Risk Factors, CLASS-I, Germany, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Public and Occupational Health, lcsh:Science, Breast Milk, Netherlands, Mammals, DAMAGE, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, ALLOANTIBODIES, Vaccination, Disease Management, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, Animal husbandry, Vaccination and Immunization, Body Fluids, Professions, Infectious Diseases, Milk, Veterinary Diseases, Research Design, Vertebrates, VACCINATION, France, Anatomy, Research Article, Veterinary Medicine, Livestock, Infectious Disease Control, 040301 veterinary sciences, Immunology, Cattle Diseases, Breast milk, Research and Analysis Methods, Veterinarians, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Bovines, Journal Article, Animals, Veterinary Sciences, Nutrition, Survey Research, business.industry, lcsh:R, Case-control study, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS, Newborn, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, Animals, Newborn, Case-Control Studies, People and Places, Amniotes, ANTIBODIES, Multivariate Analysis, Herd, Colostrum, Population Groupings, Veterinary Science, Cattle, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, business, Demography, BNP
Abstract: Since 2007, mortality associated with a previously unreported haemorrhagic disease has been observed in young calves in several European countries. The syndrome, which has been named 'bovine neonatal pancytopenia' (BNP), is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia and a panmyelophthisis. A herd-level case-control study was conducted in four BNP affected countries (Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands) to identify herd management risk factors for BNP occurrence. Data were collected using structured face-to-face and telephone interviews of farm managers and their local veterinarians. In total, 363 case farms and 887 control farms were included in a matched multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Case-control status was strongly associated with the odds of herd level use of the vaccine PregSure r BVD (PregSure, Pfizer Animal Health) (matched adjusted odds ratio (OR) 107.2; 95% CI: 41.0-280.1). This was also the case for the practices of feeding calves colostrum from the calf's own dam (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4) or feeding pooled colostrum (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.9-8.8). Given that the study had relatively high statistical power and represented a variety of cattle production and husbandry systems, it can be concluded with some confidence that no other herd level management factors are competent causes for a sufficient cause of BNP occurrence on herd level. It is suggested that genetic characteristics of the dams and BNP calves should be the focus of further investigations aimed at identifying the currently missing component causes that together with PregSure vaccination and colostrum feeding represent a sufficient cause for occurrence of BNP in calves.
Published: 2017

231. Prior exposure to type I interferon boosts inflammation and bacterial uptake in chicken macrophages

Author: Garrido, Damien, Chanteloup, Nathalie, Lion, Adrien, Kaspers, Bernd, Trapp, Sascha, Schouler, Catherine, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Biotechnocentre. FRA., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, inflammation, chicken, Microbiology and Parasitology, E. coli, poulet, interferon, macrophage, escherichia coli, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Microbiologie et Parasitologie
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2017

232. Virological efficacy of 24-week fozivudine-based regimen in ART-naive patients from Tanzania and Cote d'Ivoire

Author: Tessa Lennemann, Pierre-Marie Girard, Alain Pruvost, Raoul Moh, Xavier Anglaret, Lucas Maganga, Friedrich von Massow, Jimson Mgaya, Serge Eholié, Frederic N. Ello, Christine Danel, Michael Hoelscher, Ralph Zuhse, Arne Kroidl, Elmar Saathoff, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Programme PAC Cote Ivoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville (CHU de Treichville), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, NIMR, Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyses (LERI), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg (GU), Chiracon - Biotechnology Park/TGZ I, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institute for Life Sciences and Environment (i-LSE), German Ministry for Science and Education (BMBF) [01KA1201], German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) [TTU 04.703], French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida (ANRS), European Project: 304786, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), and Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Sustained Virologic Response, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, Tanzania, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lamivudine, Middle Aged, Clinical Science, Lipids, 3. Good health, zidovudine, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, Neutropenia, 03 medical and health sciences, Zidovudine, Internal medicine, Humans, fozivudine, Dosing, business.industry, HIV, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Clinical trial, Regimen, Cote d'Ivoire, chemistry, Africa, business
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Objective: Use of zidovudine (ZDV) in antiretroviral therapy is limited by toxicity and twice daily (b.i.d.) dosing. Fozivudine (FZD) is a ZDV prodrug, which is activated intracellularly to ZDV-monophosphate especially in mononuclear cells but not in bone marrow cells. FZD promises improved myelotoxicity and once daily (o.d.) dosing. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: We conducted an open-label, phase II, proof-of-concept trial investigating three different FZD doses (800 mg o.d., 600 mg b.i.d., 1200 mg o.d.) versus ZDV (300 mg b.i.d.) in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in HIV-infected, ART-naive patients from Tanzania and Côte d’Ivoire. The primary objective was to demonstrate virological efficacy after 24 weeks in intent-to treat and per-protocol analysis. Secondary endpoints included safety and pharmacokinetic outcomes. Results: Of 119 participants included in the intent-to treat analysis, HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml at 24 weeks was observed in 64 of 88 (73%) patients in the combined FZD arms versus 24 of 31 (77%) in the ZDV arm (RR 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.18). In the per-protocol analysis, responses were 64 of 77 (87%) versus 23 of 29 (79%), respectively (RR 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.89–1.34). Outcomes were similar between FZD arms. Overall, treatments were well tolerated. Severe or worse anaemia occurred in two cases (one related to FZD, one to ZDV), grade III/IV neutropenia was less frequent in FZD compared with ZDV arms (22 versus 42%, P = 0.035). Pharmacokinetic analysis supported o.d. administration of FZD. Conclusion: Virological 24-week efficacy was demonstrated in b.i.d. and o.d. administered FZD-based regimens. Reduced myelotoxicity of FZD needs to be confirmed in a larger trial.
Published: 2017

233. Influence of the gut microbiota composition on Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens

Author: Han, Zifeng, Willer, Thomas, Li, Li, Pielsticker, Colin, Rychlik, Ivan, Velge, Philippe, Kaspers, Bernd, Rautenschlein, Silke, Clinic for Poultry (TIHO), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Veterinary Research Institute, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, EMIDA ERANet, DIFAGH (Development of immune function and avian gut health), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (031A097A to S.R.), Chinese Scholar Council, AdmireVet project CZ.1.05/2.1.00/ 01.0006 – ED0006/01/01 from the Czech Ministry of Education, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, réponse immunitaire, Colony Count, Microbial, poulet, digestive system, immune response, Campylobacter jejuni, Bursa of Fabricius, microbiote, Ileum, intestin, Campylobacter Infections, Immunologie, Animals, Germ-Free Life, gut microbiota, Cecum, Poultry Diseases, B-Lymphocytes, Host Response and Inflammation, Microbiology and Parasitology, bacterial infections and mycoses, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Liver, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbial Interactions, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Chickens, Spleen
Abstract: International audience; The Campylobacter jejuni-host interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites, or modification of the immune response. To understand this interaction, C. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota compositions. Birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (AT) (experiments 1 and 2) or raised under germfree (GF) conditions (experiment 3). At 18 days posthatch (dph), they were orally inoculated either with 104 CFU of C. jejuni or with diluent. Cecal as well as systemic C. jejuni colonization, T- and B-cell numbers in the gut, and gut-associated tissue were compared between the different groups. Significantly higher numbers of CFU of C. jejuni were detected in the cecal contents of AT and GF birds, with higher colonization rates in spleen, liver, and ileum, than in birds with a conventional gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of T and B lymphocyte numbers was detected in cecum, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius of AT or GF birds after C. jejuni inoculation compared to the respective controls (P < 0.05). This difference was less clear in birds with a conventional gut microbiota. Histopathological gut lesions were observed only in C. jejuni-inoculated AT and GF birds but not in microbiota-colonized C. jejuni-inoculated hatchmates. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota may contribute to the control of C. jejuni colonization and prevent lesion development. Further studies are needed to identify key players of the gut microbiota and the mechanisms behind their protective role.
Published: 2017

234. Poly(ADP-Ribose)-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling in DNA Repair

Author: Lebeaupin, Théo, Smith, Rebecca, Huet, Sébastien, Timinszky, Gyula, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Department of Physiological Chemistry, Butenandt Institute and Biomedical Center-Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Butenandt Institute and Biomedical Center-Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU)
Subjects: Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, DNA Repair, Photo-activation, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, PARP1, live-cell imaging, Chromatin remodeling, Poly ADP Ribosylation, Animals, Humans, DNA Damage Response, Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, DNA Damage
Abstract: International audience; The tightly packed and dynamic structure of chromatin can undergo major reorganization in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, such as the regulation of transcription or the cell cycle, or following DNA damage. A fast and local chromatin decondensation is observed upon DNA damage induced by laser micro-irradiation. This decondensation is under the control of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) by PARP1, one of the first proteins recruited at the DNA damage sites. This chapter provides a step-by-step guide to perform and analyze chromatin decondensation upon DNA damage induction. The protocol is based on fluorescence microscopy of live cells expressing a core histone tagged with a photoactivatable fluorophore. Laser micro-irradiation is used to simultaneously induce DNA damage and activate the fluorescence signal within the irradiated area. This photo-perturbation experiment can be easily implemented on any confocal laser-scanning microscope equipped with a photoperturbation module. The experimental framework can also be used to follow chromatin relaxation in parallel with the recruitment kinetics of a protein of interest at DNA lesions in cells co-expressing the tagged histones and a second protein of interest fused to a different fluorescent tag.
Published: 2017

235. The beginning of animal domestication and husbandry in South west Asia

Author: Jean-Denis Vigne, Louise Martin, Daniel Helmer, Joris Peters, Lionel Gourichon, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, Munich, Germany, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Inst. Palaeoanat. Domesticat. Res.& Hist. Vet. Med., Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Yehouda Enzel, and Ofer Bar-Yosef
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, South West Asia, 010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 06 humanities and the arts, Animal husbandry, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 0601 history and archaeology, Domestication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

236. Thioredoxins play a crucial role in dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis in fluctuating Light

Author: Julia Groysman, Stefan Weissenberger, Ina Thormählen, Gilles Chatel-Innocenti, Peter Geigenberger, Anne Orwat, Jochen Leger, Arkadiusz Zupok, Ute Armbruster, Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet, Josephin Rescher, Department Biologie, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB-TR175], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, and Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Chlorophyll, Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase, Light, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plastoquinone, Plant Science, Photosynthetic efficiency, Biology, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, redox regulation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chloroplast Thioredoxins, chloroplast, Malate Dehydrogenase (NADP+), light signalling, Molecular Biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, thioredoxin, Chloroplast, arabidopsis, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Photosynthetic acclimation, Mutation, Biophysics, Thioredoxin, Energy source, Oxidation-Reduction, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Sunlight represents the energy source for photosynthesis and plant growth. When growing in the field, plant photosynthesis has to manage strong fluctuations in light intensities. Regulation based on the thioredoxin (Trx) system is believed to ensure light-responsive control of photosynthetic reactions in the chloroplast. However, direct evidence for a role of this system in regulating dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis in fluctuating conditions is largely lacking. In this report we show that the ferredoxin-dependent Trxs m1 and m2 as well as the NADPH-dependent NTRC are both indispensable for photosynthetic acclimation in fluctuating light intensities. Arabidopsis mutants with combined deficiency in Trxs m1 and m2 show wild-type growth and photosynthesis under constant light condition, while photosynthetic parameters are strongly modified in rapidly alternating high and low light. Two independent trxm1m2 mutants show lower photosynthetic efficiency in high light, but surprisingly significantly higher photosynthetic efficiency in low light. Our data suggest that a main target of Trx m1 and m2 is the NADP-malate dehydrogenase involved in export of excess reductive power from the chloroplast. The decreased photosynthetic efficiency in the high-light peaks may thus be explained by a reduced capacity of the trxm1m2 mutants in the rapid light activation of this enzyme. In the ntrc mutant, dynamic responses of non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy and plastoquinone reduction state both were strongly attenuated in fluctuating light intensities, leading to a massive decrease in PSII quantum efficiency and a specific decrease in plant growth under these conditions. This is likely due to the decreased ability of the ntrc mutant to control the stromal NADP(H) redox poise. Taken together, our results indicate that NTRC is indispensable in ensuring the full range of dynamic responses of photosynthesis to optimize photosynthesis and maintain growth in fluctuating light, while Trxs m1 and m2 are indispensable for full activation of photosynthesis in the high-light periods but negatively affect photosynthetic efficiency in the low-light periods of fluctuating light.
Published: 2017

237. Taming the late Quaternary phylogeography of the Eurasiatic wild ass through ancient and modern DNA

Author: Thierry Grange, Eva-Maria Geigl, Erich Pucher, Marjan Mashkour, Adrian Bălăşescu, Sophie Champlot, Mietje Germonpré, Petra Kaczensky, Ralph Kuehn, Hans-Peter Uerpmann, Pierre-Elie Moulle, Aliye Ötzan, Mathieu Gautier, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Chris Walzer, Can Yümni GüNDEM, Joris Peters, E. Andrew Bennett, Mahmoud-Reza Hemami, Margarete Uerpmann, Mélanie Pruvost, Shirli Bar-David, Jean-Francois Tournepiche, Silvia Guimaraes, Simon J. M. Davis, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Inst. Jacques Monod, UMR7592, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, Munich, Germany, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Inst. Palaeoanat. Domesticat. Res.& Hist. Vet. Med., Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Dept. Anthropol., University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Mitrani Dept. Desert Ecol. Jacob Blaustein Inst. Desert Res. Sede Boger Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Direção Geral do Património Cultural (DGPC), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Res. Inst. Wildlife Ecol., University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), AG Mol. Zool. Lehrstuhl. Zool, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Musée Angoulême, Inst.Ur. & Fruhgeschichte & Archaol Mittelalters, Abt Altere Urgeschichte & Quartarokol, Zentrum Nat Wissensch Archaol, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Nat.l Ctr. Pluridisciplinary Res., National History Museum of Romania, Earth & Hist Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Fen Edebiyat Fak, Batman, Turkey, Batman University, Inst Ur & Fruhgeschichte & Archaol Mittelalters, Abt Altere Urgeschichte & Quartarokol, Zentrum Nat Wissensch Archaol., Dept Nat Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Musée de Préhistoire régionale, Dil & Tarih Cografya Fak, Ankara University, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endangered species, lcsh:Medicine, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Iran, 01 natural sciences, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biochemistry, Geographical Locations, Clade, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Asses, Energy-Producing Organelles, Data Management, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Geography, Asia, Eastern, Fossils, Phylogenetic Analysis, Biological Evolution, Mitochondria, Europe, Phylogenetics, Phylogeography, Biogeography, Vertebrates, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Conservation of Natural Resources, Computer and Information Sciences, Asia, Equines, Zoology, Context (language use), Biology, Bioenergetics, Extinction, Biological, Research and Analysis Methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, Genetic diversity, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, lcsh:R, Endangered Species, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Genetic Variation, Biology and Life Sciences, Paleontology, Equidae, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cell Biology, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Amniotes, People and Places, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Paleogenetics, Population Genetics
Abstract: Taxonomic over-splitting of extinct or endangered taxa, due to an incomplete knowledge of both skeletal morphological variability and the geographical ranges of past populations, continues to confuse the link between isolated extant populations and their ancestors. This is particularly problematic with the genusEquus.To more reliably determine the evolution and phylogeographic history of the endangered Asiatic wild ass, we studied the genetic diversity and inter-relationships of both extinct and extant populations over the last 100,000 years, including samples throughout its previous range from Western Europe to Southwest and East Asia. Using 229 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region, an approach which allowed the inclusion of information from extremely poorly preserved ancient samples, we classify all non-African wild asses into nine clades that show a clear phylogeographic structure revealing their phylogenetic history. This study places the extinct European wild ass,E. hydruntinus, the phylogeny of which has been debated since the end of the 19thcentury, into its phylogenetic context within the Asiatic wild asses and reveals recent gene flow events between populations currently regarded as separate species. The phylogeographic organization of clades resulting from these efforts can be used not only to improve future taxonomic determination of a poorly characterized group of equids, but also to identify historic ranges, interbreeding events between various populations, and the impact of ancient climatic changes. In addition, appropriately placing extant relict populations into a broader phylogeographic and genetic context can better inform ongoing conservation strategies for this highly endangered species.
Published: 2017

238. MacroH2A1.1 regulates mitochondrial respiration by limiting nuclear NAD+ consumption

Author: Andreas G. Ladurner, Pablo M. Garcia-Roves, Melanija Posavec Marjanović, Iva Guberovic, Roberto Malinverni, Mònica Suelves, J. Andrew Pospisilik, Oscar Yanes, Pau Gama-Perez, Vanesa Valero, David Corujo, Hélène Delage, Ivan Ahel, Maximilian Lassi, Raffaele Teperino, Miriam Navarro, Sarah Hurtado-Bagès, Julien Douet, Philippe Bouvet, Marcus Buschbeck, Laboratoire Joliot Curie, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Physiological Chemistry, Butenandt Institute and Biomedical Center-Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Butenandt Institute and Biomedical Center-Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cellular respiration, Cellular differentiation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell Respiration, Biology, Muscle Development, Cell nuclei, Article, Mitocondris, Histones, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Structural Biology, histone variant macroH2A, subcellular compartmentation, epigenetic regulator, stem-cells, metabolism, activation, isoforms, poly(adp-ribose), transcription, chromatin, Animals, Nucleosome, Epigenetics, Histone variants, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Molecular Biology, Cell Nucleus, Regulation of gene expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, NAD, Expressió gènica, Metabolisme, Chromatin, Cell biology, Mitochondria, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], 030104 developmental biology, Histone, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Metabolism, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Nuclis cel·lulars, NAD+ kinase, Gene expression
Abstract: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Article Print Share/bookmark MacroH2A1.1 regulates mitochondrial respiration by limiting nuclear NAD+ consumption Melanija Posavec Marjanović, Sarah Hurtado-Bagès, Maximilian Lassi, Vanesa Valero, Roberto Malinverni, Hélène Delage, Miriam Navarro, David Corujo, Iva Guberovic, Julien Douet, Pau Gama-Perez, Pablo M Garcia-Roves, Ivan Ahel, Andreas G Ladurner, Oscar Yanes, Philippe Bouvet, Mònica Suelves, Raffaele Teperino, J Andrew Pospisilik & Marcus Buschbeck Affiliations Contributions Corresponding authors Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (2017) doi:10.1038/nsmb.3481 Received 07 March 2017 Accepted 13 September 2017 Published online 09 October 2017 Article tools PDF Citation Rights & permissions Article metrics Abstract Abstract• Introduction• Results• Discussion• Methods• Additional information• Accession codes• References• Acknowledgments• Author information• Supplementary information Histone variants are structural components of eukaryotic chromatin that can replace replication-coupled histones in the nucleosome. The histone variant macroH2A1.1 contains a macrodomain capable of binding NAD+-derived metabolites. Here we report that macroH2A1.1 is rapidly induced during myogenic differentiation through a switch in alternative splicing, and that myotubes that lack macroH2A1.1 have a defect in mitochondrial respiratory capacity. We found that the metabolite-binding macrodomain was essential for sustained optimal mitochondrial function but dispensable for gene regulation. Through direct binding, macroH2A1.1 inhibits basal poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity and thus reduces nuclear NAD+ consumption. The resultant accumulation of the NAD+ precursor NMN allows for maintenance of mitochondrial NAD+ pools that are critical for respiration. Our data indicate that macroH2A1.1-containing chromatin regulates mitochondrial respiration by limiting nuclear NAD+ consumption and establishing a buffer of NAD+ precursors in differentiated cells.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

239. Safety and efficacy of a hydroxypropyl guar/polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol-based lubricant eye-drop in patients with dry eye

Author: Abayomi Ogundele, Marc Labetoulle, Christophe Baudouin, Elisabeth M. Messmer, Pierre-Jean Pisella, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Hôpital Bretonneau, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Alcon Research, Partenaires INRAE, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Male, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Ocular surface, Dry Eye Syndromes, Polyvinyl alcohol, Gastroenterology, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Germany, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Lubricants, Hydroxypropyl guar, Middle Aged, Propylene Glycol, Clinical Trial, Sensory Systems, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Female, France, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Polyethylene glycol, macromolecular substances, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Surface-Active Agents, Polysaccharides, Internal medicine, PEG ratio, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, business.industry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Eye drop, Surgery, Ophthalmology, chemistry, Tears, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, sense organs, Treatment Medical, Ophthalmic Solutions, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Aims To demonstrate non-inferiority of a hydroxypropyl guar/polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol lubricating eye-drop (HPG/PEG/PG) compared with an osmoprotective carboxymethylcellulose/glycerine eye-drop (O/CMC) for ocular surface staining. Methods This was a multicentre, randomised, observer-masked, parallel-group study. Adults with dry eye instilled HPG/PEG/PG/ or O/CMC 4 times daily for 35 days and then as needed through day 90. Total ocular surface staining (TOSS) score changes from baseline and Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life (IDEEL) treatment satisfaction module scores were assessed. Non-inferiority, based on TOSS score change from baseline, was concluded if the upper limit of the 2-sided CI was Results Mean±SD patient age was 64.4±13.7 years; 94 patients were randomised to treatment (HPG/PEG/PG, n=46; O/CMC, n=48). Mean±SE TOSS score change from baseline to day 35 was −2.2±0.33 with HPG/PEG/PG and −1.7±0.47 with O/CMC (treatment difference, −0.47±0.47; p=0.38), and the non-inferiority criterion was met. IDEEL treatment satisfaction scores were similar between groups at day 35 and day 90. The most frequently reported adverse event was eye irritation (HPG/PEG/PG, n=2; O/CMC, n=3). Conclusions HPG/PEG/PG and O/CMC reduced ocular surface damage, and HPG/PEG/PG was non-inferior to O/CMC. Both treatments were effective, convenient and well tolerated. Trial registration number NCT01863368, Results.
Published: 2017

240. Rescuing DNA repair activity by rewiring the H-atom transfer pathway in the radical SAM enzyme, spore photoproduct lyase

Author: Ilme Schlichting, Thomas Carell, Alhosna Benjdia, Andreas Winkler, Korbinian Heil, Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research [Heidelberg], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, European Molecular Biology Organization, and Max Planck Society
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, S-Adenosylmethionine, DNA Repair, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, DNA repair, Stereochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Metals and Alloys, Geobacillus, Proteins, Rational engineering, General Chemistry, Catalysis, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Enzyme, Biochemistry, parasitic diseases, Biocatalysis, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Radical SAM, Spore photoproduct lyase, Hydrogen
Abstract: The radical SAM enzyme, spore photoproduct lyase, requires an H-atom transfer (HAT) pathway to catalyze DNA repair. By rational engineering, we demonstrate that it is possible to rewire its HAT pathway, a first step toward the development of novel catalysts based on the radical SAM enzyme scaffold.
Published: 2014

241. Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model

Author: Otto Holst, Pascal Rainard, Monique Lind, Wolfram Petzl, Hans-Joachim Schuberth, Holm Zerbe, Pierre Germon, Andreas Blutke, Anja Sipka, Carola Sauter-Louis, Rüdiger Wanke, Katarzyna A. Duda, Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Cornell University [New York], Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, German Centre for Lung Research, Partenaires INRAE, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Staphylococcus aureus, Chemokine, Neutrophils, Immunology, In Vitro Techniques, Microbiology, CCL5, Mammary Glands, Animal, calgranulins, Escherichia coli, Animals, Interleukin 8, Mastitis, Bovine, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Bovine mastitis, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Chemistry, teat, S100 Proteins, Cell Biology, Molecular biology, In vitro, Teichoic Acids, CCL20, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, CXCL3, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, Cattle, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Lipoteichoic acid, Chemokines, Explant culture
Abstract: International audience; The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. Stimulation with LTA only induced CCL20 and CXCL8. LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. Supernatants significantly attracted neutrophils in vitro. Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). In the TC, both LPS and LTA significantly induced S100A8, whereas S100A9 and S100A12 expression was only induced by LPS. The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response.
Published: 2014

242. Breed Differences in Natriuretic Peptides in Healthy Dogs

Author: J. Lundgren Willesen, L. Mejer Sørensen, Katja Höglund, Jens Häggström, Géraldine Battaille, Ingrid Ljungvall, Anne-Christine Merveille, Maria Wiberg, Anne-Sophie Lequarré, Valérie Chetboul, Johanna Wolf, Sofia Hanås, Kathleen McEntee, Gerhard Wess, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Vassiliki Gouni, Michel Georges, Merete Fredholm, Marcin Kierczak, Laurent Tiret, Eija H. Seppälä, Hannes Lohi, K. Sjöstrand, Simon K. G. Forsberg, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Evidensia, Animal Clinic Västerås, Partenaires INRAE, University of Edinburgh, Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (UGMC), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Helsinki, Uppsala University, European Commission (FP7-LUPA) [GA-201370], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Interbreed variation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], proANP 31-67, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, NT‐proBNP, Canine, 0403 veterinary science, Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, Internal medicine, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, medicine, Animals, Intrabreed variation, Natriuretic Peptides, Cardiac status, General Veterinary, business.industry, Natriuretic Peptides/blood, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/blood, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Standard Articles, Peptide Fragments, Breed, Clinical Practice, Dogs/blood, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, proANP 31‐67, NT-proBNP, Plasma concentration, cardiovascular system, Original Article, Female, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood, Peptide Fragments/blood, business, Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) is suggested to be of value in diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, but many factors other than cardiac status may influence their concentrations. Dog breed potentially is 1 such factor.OBJECTIVE: To investigate breed variation in plasma concentrations of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide 31-67 (proANP 31-67) and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy dogs.ANIMALS: 535 healthy, privately owned dogs of 9 breeds were examined at 5 centers as part of the European Union (EU) LUPA project.METHODS: Absence of cardiovascular disease or other clinically relevant organ-related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigation. Plasma concentrations of proANP 31-67 and NT-proBNP were measured by commercially available ELISA assays.RESULTS: Overall significant breed differences were found in proANP 31-67 (P < .0001) and NT-proBNP (P < .0001) concentrations. Pair-wise comparisons between breeds differed in approximately 50% of comparisons for proANP 31-67 as well as NT-proBNP concentrations, both when including all centers and within each center. Interquartile range was large for many breeds, especially for NT-proBNP. Among included breeds, Labrador Retrievers and Newfoundlands had highest median NT-proBNP concentrations with concentrations 3 times as high as those of Dachshunds. German Shepherds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had the highest median proANP 31-67 concentrations, twice the median concentration in Doberman Pinschers.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Considerable interbreed variation in plasma NP concentrations was found in healthy dogs. Intrabreed variation was large in several breeds, especially for NT-proBNP. Additional studies are needed to establish breed-specific reference ranges.
Published: 2014

243. Exodermis structure controls fungal invasion in the leafless epiphytic orchid Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindl.) Benth. ex Rolfe

Author: Luc P. R. Bidel, Guillaume Chomicki, Christian Jay-Allemand, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Hypha, ECTOMYCORRHIZAL, DIVERSITY, Plant Science, Biology, Photosynthesis, CARBON, POLYSACCHARIDES, Exodermis, Botany, Dendrophylax lindenii, Mycorrhiza, ROOTS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Passage cell, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE, FLAVONOIDS, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Leafless orchids, NITROGEN, Germination, Angraecinae, Crassulacean acid metabolism, Epiphyte, PHENOLS, GERMINATION
Abstract: Leafless and shootless epiphytic orchids rely essentially on CAM photosynthesis in roots for carbon gain. However, it is believed that a proportion of carbon is obtained by endomycorrhizal associations. In this study, we show that Dendrophylax lindenii possesses a dimorphic exodermis with smaller, thin-walled passage cells that are depleted in flavonoids. No hyphae succeeded in penetrating into the cortex from a non-passage cell, but 20% of the hyphae in contact with a passage cell managed to penetrate into the cortex. The passage cells represent 40% of the amount of cells in the centre of the side that touches the substrate, but no passage cells are observed in the upper side of the root. This distribution and density of exodermal passage cells define a strategy for controlling the extent and location of fungal invasion in the orchid root. This strategy provides a mechanism for restricting fungal growth to the lower cortex and thus maximising carbon gain from photosynthesis while enabling further trophic exchanges from mycorrhizal associations. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

244. Adaptive Changes of the Insig1/SREBP1/SCD1 Set Point Help Adipose Tissue to Cope With Increased Storage Demands of Obesity

Author: Hubert Vidal, Tingting Wu, Jaswinder K. Sethi, Martine Laville, Gema Medina-Gómez, Francisco J. Tinahones, Chong Yew Tan, Mikael Bjursell, Miguel López, Rachel M. Hagen, Antoinette Tuthill, Christopher J. Lelliott, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Helen J. Atherton, Julian L. Griffin, Audrey Sicard, Etienne Lefai, Matej Orešič, Mohammad Bohlooly-Y, Robert V. Considine, Sam Virtue, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Stefania Carobbio, Dominique Langin, Nuria Barbarroja, Marc Slawik, ProdInra, Migration, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), AstraZeneca, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Mécanisme Moléculaire du Diabète (MMD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Indiana University, Indiana University System, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Lelliott, Christopher [0000-0001-8087-4530], Griffin, Julian [0000-0003-1336-7744], Vidal-Puig, Antonio [0000-0003-4220-9577], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de biochimie clinique, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and University of Helsinki
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Adipose tissue, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, sterol, 0302 clinical medicine, Adipocyte, element binding protein, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Original Research, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Adaptive response, Adaptation, Physiological, responsive gene, 3. Good health, Obesity, Morbid, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Endokrinologi och diabetes, Lipogenesis, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, medicine.medical_specialty, Adipose Tissue, White, Down-Regulation, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, activated receptor gamma, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Biology, liver, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Insulin resistance, Downregulation and upregulation, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, 3T3-L1 Cells, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, RNA, Messenger, fatty acid synthesis, 030304 developmental biology, Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Lipid Metabolism, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein, Endocrinology, Metabolism, chemistry, gene expression, identification, Insulin Resistance
Abstract: The epidemic of obesity imposes unprecedented challenges on human adipose tissue (WAT) storage capacity that may benefit from adaptive mechanisms to maintain adipocyte functionality. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the regulatory feedback set point control of Insig1/SREBP1 represent an adaptive response that preserves WAT lipid homeostasis in obese and insulin-resistant states. In our experiments, we show that Insig1 mRNA expression decreases in WAT from mice with obesity-associated insulin resistance and from morbidly obese humans and in in vitro models of adipocyte insulin resistance. Insig1 downregulation is part of an adaptive response that promotes the maintenance of SREBP1 maturation and facilitates lipogenesis and availability of appropriate levels of fatty acid unsaturation, partially compensating the antilipogenic effect associated with insulin resistance. We describe for the first time the existence of this adaptive mechanism in WAT, which involves Insig1/SREBP1 and preserves the degree of lipid unsaturation under conditions of obesity-induced insulin resistance. These adaptive mechanisms contribute to maintain lipid desaturation through preferential SCD1 regulation and facilitate fat storage in WAT, despite on-going metabolic stress., Funding agencies:MRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilEuropean Foundation for the Study of DiabetesIntegrative Pharmacology FundFritz Thyssen Foundation fellowship (Germany)National Institute for Health Research
Published: 2013

245. Genetic selection on digestive efficiency impacts immune responses in the chicken

Author: Pascale Quéré, Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, Sonja Härtle, Vanaïque Guillory, Denis Soubieux, Daniel Marc, David Gourichon, Thibaut Larcher, Fanny CALENGE, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Sascha Trapp, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours (UE PEAT), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, German Society for Immunology DGFI., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

246. A reduced gut microflora composition modifies Campylobacter jejuni colonization and host immune responses

Author: Rautenschlein, Silke, Han, Zifeng, Pielsticker, Colin, Willer, Thomas, Velge, Philippe, Rychlik, Ivan, Kaspers, Bernd, Clinic for Poultry (TIHO), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Veterinary Research Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, German Society for Immunology DGFI., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

247. Mucosal but not systemic immune system development in the chicken is regulated by microbial colonization

Author: Lettmann, Sarah, Röll, Suzanne, Härtle, Sonja, Schusser, Benjamin, Velge, Philippe, Schouler, Catherine, Kaspers, Bernd, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, German Society for Immunology DGFI., ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

248. Atrophy of primary lymphoid organs by MDV during early infection is associated with apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation

Author: Berthault, Camille, Fragnet, Laëtitia, Rémy, Sylvie, Larcher, Thibaut, Härtle, Sonja, Denesvre, Caroline, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

249. Immunochip analysis identifies association of the RAD50/IL13 region with human longevity

Author: Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Amke Caliebe, Céline Derbois, Friederike Flachsbart, Carsten Büning, Anette Peters, Pilar Galan, Per Hoffmann, Marianne Nygaard, Stephan Brand, Stefan Schreiber, Femke-Anouska Heinsen, Almut Nebel, Andre Franke, Markus M. Nöthen, Wolfgang Lieb, Liljana Gentschew, Kaare Christensen, David Ellinghaus, Lene Christiansen, Hélène Blanché, Konstantin Strauch, Jean-François Deleuze, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Fondation Jean Dausset-Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Munich Heart Alliance, German Center for Diabetes Research - Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung [Neuherberg] (DZD), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Institute of Human Genetics, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (UiB), University Hospital Basel [Basel], University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, RESOLVE project [FP7-HEALTH-F4-2008-202047], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Cluster of Excellence 'Inflammation at Interfaces', German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ZX1306A], German Ministry for Education and Research [01EY1103], German Federal Ministry for Education and Research within the context of the National Genome Research Network 2 [NGFN-2], National Genome Research Network plus (NGFNplus), Integrated Genome Research Network (IG) MooDS [01GS08144, 01GS08147], INTER-REG4A program Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N, EU funds from the European Regional Development Fund, VELUX Foundation, Danish National Research Foundation, US National Institutes of Health-National Institute on Aging [P01 AG08761], Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation [09-070081], French Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, the Universite Paris 13, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, State of Bavaria, Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, as part of LMUinnovativ, DFG [BR1912/6-1], Else-Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung [2010_EKES.32], Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung, Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany), German Ministry of Education and Science, German Research Council (DFG) [SI 236/8-1, SI236/9-1, ER 155/61], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fondation Jean Dausset, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, ProdInra, Migration, Flachsbart, Friederike, and Ellinghaus, David
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Il13, Rad50, 5q31.1, Immunochip, Genetic Association, Human Longevity, Aging, IL 13, genetic association, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, SNP, chromosome, 5q31, human longevity, IL13, RAD50, longévité, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, media_common, Genetic association, Short Takes, Genetics, Interleukin-13, Short Take, Cell Biology, language.human_language, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases, 3. Good health, DNA-Binding Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA Repair Enzymes, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, Multiple comparisons problem, language, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Human longevity is characterized by a remarkable lack of confirmed genetic associations. Here, we report on the identification of a novel locus for longevity in the RAD50/IL13 region on chromosome 5q31.1 using a combined European sample of 3208 long-lived individuals (LLI) and 8919 younger controls. First, we performed a large-scale association study on 1458 German LLI (mean age 99.0 years) and 6368 controls (mean age 57.2 years) by targeting known immune-associated loci covered by the Immunochip. The analysis of 142 136 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed an Immunochip-wide significant signal (PI mmunochip = 7.01 × 10-9 ) for the SNP rs2075650 in the TOMM40/APOE region, which has been previously described in the context of human longevity. To identify novel susceptibility loci, we selected 15 markers with PI mmunochip < 5 × 10-4 for replication in two samples from France (1257 LLI, mean age 102.4 years; 1811 controls, mean age 49.1 years) and Denmark (493 LLI, mean age 96.2 years; 740 controls, mean age 63.1 years). The association at SNP rs2706372 replicated in the French study collection and showed a similar trend in the Danish participants and was also significant in a meta-analysis of the combined French and Danish data after adjusting for multiple testing. In a meta-analysis of all three samples, rs2706372 reached a P-value of PI mmunochip+Repl = 5.42 × 10-7 (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.12-1.28). SNP rs2706372 is located in the extended RAD50/IL13 region. RAD50 seems a plausible longevity candidate due to its involvement in DNA repair and inflammation. Further studies are needed to identify the functional variant(s) that predispose(s) to a long and healthy life. Human longevity is characterized by a remarkable lack of confirmed genetic associations. Here, we report on the identification of a novel locus for longevity in the RAD50/IL13 region on chromosome 5q31.1 using a combined European sample of 3208 long-lived individuals (LLI) and 8919 younger controls. First, we performed a large-scale association study on 1458 German LLI (mean age 99.0 years) and 6368 controls (mean age 57.2 years) by targeting known immune-associated loci covered by the Immunochip. The analysis of 142 136 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed an Immunochip-wide significant signal (PI mmunochip = 7.01 × 10(-9) ) for the SNP rs2075650 in the TOMM40/APOE region, which has been previously described in the context of human longevity. To identify novel susceptibility loci, we selected 15 markers with PI mmunochip < 5 × 10(-4) for replication in two samples from France (1257 LLI, mean age 102.4 years; 1811 controls, mean age 49.1 years) and Denmark (493 LLI, mean age 96.2 years; 740 controls, mean age 63.1 years). The association at SNP rs2706372 replicated in the French study collection and showed a similar trend in the Danish participants and was also significant in a meta-analysis of the combined French and Danish data after adjusting for multiple testing. In a meta-analysis of all three samples, rs2706372 reached a P-value of PI mmunochip+Repl = 5.42 × 10(-7) (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.12-1.28). SNP rs2706372 is located in the extended RAD50/IL13 region. RAD50 seems a plausible longevity candidate due to its involvement in DNA repair and inflammation. Further studies are needed to identify the functional variant(s) that predispose(s) to a long and healthy life.
Published: 2016

250. GintAMT3 – a Low-Affinity Ammonium Transporter of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Rhizophagus irregularis

Author: Silvia eCalabrese, Jacob ePérez-Tienda, Mathias eEllerbeck, Christine eArnould, Odile eChatagnier, Thomas eBoller, Arthur eSchüßler, Andreas eBrachmann, Daniel eWipf, Nuria eFerrol, Pierre-Emmanuel eCourty, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Basel (Unibas), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Agroécologie [Dijon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Rhizophagus irregularis, Hypha, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ammonium transporter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Fungus, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, Pore forming protein, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Symbiosis, low affinity transporter, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ammonium, lcsh:SB1-1110, Mycelium, Original Research, biology, fungi, intraradical mycelium, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, extraradical mycelium, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Nutrient acquisition and transfer are essential steps in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which is formed by the majority of land plants. Mineral nutrients are taken up by AM fungi from the soil and transferred to the plant partner. Within the cortical plant root cells the fungal hyphae form tree-like structures (arbuscules) where the nutrients are released to the plant-fungal interface, i.e., to the periarbuscular space, before being taken up by the plant. In exchange, the AM fungi receive carbohydrates from the plant host. Besides the well-studied uptake of phosphorus (P), the uptake and transfer of nitrogen (N) plays a crucial role in this mutualistic interaction. In the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly called Glomus intraradices), two ammonium transporters (AMT) were previously described, namely GintAMT1 and GintAMT2. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a newly identified R. irregularis AMT, GintAMT3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed high sequence similarity to previously identified AM fungal AMTs and a clear separation from other fungal AMTs. Topological analysis indicated GintAMT3 to be a membrane bound pore forming protein, and GFP tagging showed it to be highly expressed in the intraradical mycelium of a fully established AM symbiosis. Expression of GintAMT3 in yeast successfully complemented the yeast AMT triple deletion mutant (MATa ura3 mep1Δ mep2Δ::LEU2 mep3Δ::KanMX2). GintAMT3 is characterized as a low affinity transport system with an apparent Km of 1.8 mM and a Vmax of 240 nmol-1 min-1 108 cells-1, which is regulated by substrate concentration and carbon supply., This project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. PZ00P3_136651 to P-EC., grant No. 127563 to TB) the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne PARI AGREE grant to DW and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (Projects AGL2012-35611 and AGL2015-67098-R).
Published: 2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

3,744 results on '"Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources