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201. Tree diversity does not always improve resistance of forest ecosystems to drought

Author: Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Helge Bruelheide, Fernando Valladares, André Granier, Damien Bonal, Olivier Bouriaud, Seid Muhie Dawud, Leena Finér, Martina Pollastrini, Arthur Gessler, Charlotte Grossiord, David I. Forrester, Sophia Ratcliffe, Ewa Chećko, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Forestry Faculty, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), German Research Foundation, Faculty of Biology, Bialowieza Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw (UW), Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, University of Florence (UNIFI), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, UE (265171), ANR (ANR-12-LABXAR-BRE-01), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GE 1090/8-1), Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, European Project: 265171, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, European Commission, Universität Leipzig, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, isotope du carbone, Forests, facteur édaphique, Trees, Forest restoration, bois adulte, Climate change, Milieux et Changements globaux, Intact forest landscape, sécheresse, Carbon Isotopes, carbon isotope composition, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, saison sèche, Agroforestry, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, Old-growth forest, Droughts, climate change, Terrestrial ecosystem, ecology, europe, Carbon isotope composition, FundivEUROPE, biodiversité végétale, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, species interaction, sécheresse édaphique, Biodiversity and Ecology, Species Specificity, Stress, Physiological, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, geography, fungi, 15. Life on land, résistance à la sécheresse, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Secondary forest, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, sol forestier, Species interaction
Abstract: Climate models predict an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought episodes in the Northern Hemisphere. Among terrestrial ecosystems, forests will be profoundly impacted by drier climatic conditions, with drastic consequences for the functions and services they supply. Simultaneously, biodiversity is known to support a wide range of forest ecosystem functions and services. However, whether biodiversity also improves the resistance of these ecosystems to drought remains unclear. We compared soil drought exposure levels in a total of 160 forest stands within five major forest types across Europe along a gradient of tree species diversity. We assessed soil drought exposure in each forest stand by calculating the stand-level increase in carbon isotope composition of late wood from a wet to a dry year (Δδ13CS). Δδ13CS exhibited a negative linear relationship with tree species diversity in two forest types, suggesting that species interactions in these forests diminished the drought exposure of the ecosystem. However, the other three forest types were unaffected by tree species diversity. We conclude that higher diversity enhances resistance to drought events only in drought-prone environments. Managing forest ecosystems for high tree species diversity does not necessarily assure improved adaptability to the more severe and frequent drought events predicted for the future., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant 265171
Published: 2014

202. Metal sensing and signal transduction by CnrX from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34: role of the only methionine assessed by a functional, spectroscopic, and theoretical study

Author: Juliette Trepreau, Géraldine Sarret, Isabelle Petit-Haertlein, Eve de Rosny, Eric Girard, Antoine P. Maillard, Dietrich H. Nies, Sandra Kuennemann, Cornelia Grosse, Jean-Marie Mouesca, Jacques Covès, Céline Desbourdes, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (SCIB - UMR E3), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, MESH: Signal Transduction, Biochemistry, MESH: Mutant Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Methionine, MESH: Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Sigma factor, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Kinetics, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], biology, Cupriavidus, Metals and Alloys, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Metals, Chemistry (miscellaneous), MESH: X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, MESH: Thermodynamics, MESH: Models, Molecular, Signal Transduction, MESH: Mutation, Coordination sphere, Stereochemistry, Biophysics, Models, Biological, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Computer Simulation, Thioether, Octahedral molecular geometry, Computer Simulation, Binding site, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Cupriavidus, Binding Sites, MESH: Metals, 030306 microbiology, Cupriavidus metallidurans, MESH: Models, Biological, Periplasmic space, biology.organism_classification, Kinetics, MESH: Binding Sites, chemistry, MESH: Methionine, Mutation, Mutant Proteins, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Abstract: International audience; When CnrX, the periplasmic sensor protein in the CnrYXH transmembrane signal transduction complex of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, binds the cognate metal ions Ni(II) or Co(II), the ECF-type sigma factor CnrH is made available in the cytoplasm for the RNA-polymerase to initiate transcription at the cnrYp and cnrCp promoters. Ni(II) or Co(II) are sensed by a metal-binding site with a N3O2S coordination sphere with octahedral geometry, where S stands for the thioether sulfur of the only methionine (Met123) residue of CnrX. The M123A-CnrX derivative has dramatically reduced signal propagation in response to metal sensing while the X-ray structure of Ni-bound M123A-CnrXs showed that the metal-binding site was not affected by the mutation. Ni(II) remained six-coordinate in M123A-CnrXs, with a water molecule replacing the sulfur as the sixth ligand. H32A-CnrXs, the soluble model of the wild-type membrane-anchored CnrX, was compared to the double mutants H32A-M123A-CnrXs and H32A-M123C-CnrXs to spectroscopically evaluate the role of this unique ligand in the binding site of Ni or Co. The Co- and Ni-bound forms of the protein display unusually blue-shifted visible spectra. TD-DFT calculations using structure-based models allowed identification and assignment of the electronic transitions of Co-bound form of the protein and its M123A derivative. Among them, the signature of the S-Co transition is distinguishable in the shoulder at 530 nm. In vitro affinity measurements point out the crucial role of Met123 in the selectivity for Ni or Co, and in vivo data support the conclusion that Met123 is a trigger of the signal transduction.
Published: 2014

203. Newly characterized Golgi-localized family of proteins is involved in calcium and pH homeostasis in yeast and human cells

Author: Pascal Mariot, Anne-Sophie Colinet, Dominique Legrand, Didier Demaegd, Edgar Peiter, François Foulquier, Louis Gremillon, Gert Matthijs, Emile Van Schaftingen, Pierre Morsomme, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire : Canaux ioniques, inflammation et cancer - U 1003 (PHYCELL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, SCHOOL of MEDICINE [Louvain], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille, LillOA
Subjects: Patch-Clamp Techniques, Glycosylation, Protein family, Blotting, Western, Mutant, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Golgi Apparatus, Biology, Cell Fractionation, Small Interfering, Antiporters, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Humans, Homeostasis, Translation factor, RNA, Small Interfering, Cation Transport Proteins, Membrane Protein, Ion transporter, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Blotting, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Membrane Proteins, Biological Sciences, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Golgi apparatus, Flow Cytometry, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Membrane protein, Biochemistry, Saccharomycetales, symbols, RNA, Calcium, Western, Hydrogen, HeLa Cells
Abstract: Defects in the human protein TMEM165 are known to cause a subtype of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) belongs to an uncharacterized family of membrane proteins called Uncharacterized Protein Family 0016, which are well conserved throughout evolution and share characteristics reminiscent of the cation/Ca 2+ exchanger superfamily. Gcr1 dependent translation factor 1 (Gdt1p), the budding yeast member of this family, contributes to Ca 2+ homeostasis via an uncharacterized Ca 2+ transport pathway localized in the Golgi apparatus. The gdt1Δ mutant was found to be sensitive to high concentrations of Ca 2+ , and interestingly, this sensitivity was suppressed by expression of TMEM165, the human ortholog of Gdt1p, indicating conservation of function among the members of this family. Patch-clamp analyses on human cells indicated that TMEM165 expression is linked to Ca 2+ ion transport. Furthermore, defects in TMEM165 affected both Ca 2+ and pH homeostasis. Based on these results, we propose that Gdt1p and TMEM165 could be members of a unique family of Golgi-localized Ca 2+ /H + antiporters and that modification of the Golgi Ca 2+ and pH balance could explain the glycosylation defects observed in TMEM165-deficient patients.
Published: 2013

204. Mann – Frau – Tier – BEEF!? Genderkonstruktionen und Fleischkonsum im Männer-Foodmagazin BEEF! in interkultureller Perspektive

Author: Vatter, Christoph, Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Crem), Université de Lorraine (UL), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Université de la Sarre (Allemagne), Doris G. Eibl, Christoph Vatter, and Vatter, Christoph
Subjects: [SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, gender studies, communication interculturelle, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, intercultural communication, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract: Collection : Saarbrücker Beiträge zur vergleichenden Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft. ISBN : 978-3-8260-6322-0; International audience
Published: 2016

205. Fabrication and Characterization of Completely Biodegradable Copolyester-Chitosan Blends: I. Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization

Author: Hai Hong Le, Ralf Lach, Wolfgang Grellmann, Rabindra Prasad Dhakal, Rameshwar Adhikari, Sven Henning, Jean Marc Saiter, Paras Nath Yadav, Andre Wutzler, Hans-Joachim Radusch, Shanta Pokhrel, Antonella Esposito, Gert Heinrich, Tribhuvan University, Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg, Leibnitz Institute of Polymer Research (LIPR), Leibnitz Institute of Polymer Research, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Laboratoire d’Etude et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères (AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Laboratory), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Materials Science, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Leibniz Association, and Publica
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Copolyester, Biodegradable polymer, 0104 chemical sciences, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Thermal stability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Summary Chitosan was prepared from shells of locally available fresh water prawns with variation of sodium hydroxide concentration and reaction time. The biopolymer was melt-mixed with a commercially available biodegradable polymer, the poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The chitosan and blend films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point of the materials remained unchanged implying complete incompatibility of the blend components. Kinetic study showed that activation energy of the degradation process, i.e., thermal stability of the blends, decreased with increasing chitosan content in the blends. As the thermal properties of all the samples were found to be identical, it can be concluded that there was no effect of the added chitosan on the crystallization and melting behavior of the PBAT. These findings support the notion of the absence of interactions among the blend components. The rate of biodegradation was found to be higher in blends compared to pure PBAT polymer.
Published: 2016

206. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author: Harriet Milligan, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, Lander Baeten, Santiago Soliveres, Peter Manning, Tommaso Jucker, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Hervé Jactel, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Bouriaud, Andrea Coppi, Fons van der Plas, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Damien Bonal, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Monique Carnol, Dawid Zielinski, Christian Wirth, David A. Coomes, Lars Vesterdal, Leena Finér, Timo Domisch, Jan Stenlid, Virginie Guyot, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Helge Bruelheide, Julia Koricheva, Adam Benneter, Fernando Valladares, Eric Allan, Sophia Ratcliffe, Federico Selvi, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Christina C. Bestias, André Granier, François-Xavier Joly, Seid Muhie Dawud, Martina Pollastrini, Charlotte Grossiord, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Markus Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Gessler, Arthur [0000-0002-1910-9589], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gastroentérologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Commission, Allan, Eric [0000-0001-9641-9436], Albert Ludwigs University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Hôpital Beaujon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Allan, Eric
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Homogenization (climate), Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Models, Biological, Environmental science, Trees, β-diversity, Ecosystem functioning, FunDivEUROPE, Spatial scale, Multidisciplinary, Ecosystem, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spatial scale, Ecology, Beta-diversity, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Medio Ambiente, ecosystem functioning, Species richness, Tree species
Abstract: Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171.
Published: 2016

207. Inter-Reader Reliability of Early FDG-PET/CT Response Assessment Using the Deauville Scale after 2 Cycles of Intensive Chemotherapy (OEPA) in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Author: Kluge, Regine, Chavdarova, Lidia, Hoffmann, Martha, Kobe, Carsten, Malkowski, Bogdan, Montravers, Françoise, Kurch, Lars, Georgi, Thomas, Dietlein, Markus, Wallace, W Hamish, Karlen, Jonas, Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana, Cepelova, Michaela, Wilson, Lorrain, Bergstraesser, Eva, Sabri, Osama, Mauz-Körholz, Christine, Körholz, Dieter, Hasenclever, Dirk, Universität Leipzig, National Hospital for Active Treatment in Oncology, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Royal Hospital for Sick Children [Edinburgh], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], University Hospital Virgen Macarena, University Hospital Motol, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Blackrock Clinic, University Children's Hospital, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Medizinische Universität Wien, Universität Köln, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Service de médecine nucléaire [CHU Tenon], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), [Kluge,R, Kurch,L, Georgi,T, Sabri,O] Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. [Chavdarova,L] Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, National Hospital for Active Treatment in Oncology, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Hoffmann,M] Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. [Kobe,C, Dietlein,M] Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [Malkowski,B] Dept. of PET and Molecular Imaging, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium MedicumBydgoszcz, Poland. [Montravers,F] Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. [Wallace,WH] Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. [Karlen,J] Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgrens Childrens Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. [Fernández-Teijeiro,A] Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain. [Cepelova,M] Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. [Wilson,L] Department of Nuclear Medicine, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, Ireland. [Bergstraesser.e] Department of Paediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. [Mauz-Körholz,C, and Körholz,D] Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany. [Hasenclever,D] Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Subjects: Male, Cancer Treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio, Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System [Medical Subject Headings], Brown adipose tissue, Pediatrics, Diagnostic Radiology, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Hematologic Cancers and Related Disorders, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Child, Lymph nodes, Tomography, Etoposide, Publication Type::Study Characteristics::Multicenter Study [Medical Subject Headings], Pharmaceutics, Radiology and Imaging, Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Lymphoma::Hodgkin Disease [Medical Subject Headings], Hematology, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability [Medical Subject Headings], Hodgkin Disease, Thymus, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Reproducibility of Results [Medical Subject Headings], Adipose Tissue, Oncology, Vincristine, Child, Preschool, Enfermedad de Hodgkin, Brown Adipose Tissue, Cancer Therapy, Lymphomas, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Positron emission tomography, Adolescent, Imaging Techniques, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography::Tomography, X-Ray::Tomography, X-Ray Computed [Medical Subject Headings], Publication Type::Study Characteristics::Clinical Trial::Randomized Controlled Trial [Medical Subject Headings], Glucose-6-Phosphate, Neuroimaging, Research and Analysis Methods, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent [Medical Subject Headings], Lymphatic System, Drug Therapy, Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Skeleton [Medical Subject Headings], Diagnostic Medicine, Chemotherapy, Humans, Hodgkin lymphoma, chemotherapy, Positron emission therapy, PET, ddc:610, Sistema musculoesquelético, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Specialty Uses of Chemicals::Laboratory Chemicals::Indicators and Reagents::Radiopharmaceuticals [Medical Subject Headings], Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child [Medical Subject Headings], Estudio multicéntrico, Hodgkin Lymphoma, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Hodgkin-Lymphon, Chemotherapie, Positronen-Emissions-Therapie, PET, Biological Tissue, Doxorubicin, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prednisone, lcsh:Q, Lymph Nodes, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Hodgkin lymphoma, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Positron Emission Tomography, Neuroscience
Abstract: Journal Article; Purpose The five point Deauville (D) scale is widely used to assess interim PET metabolic response to chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. An International Validation Study reported good concordance among reviewers in ABVD treated advanced stage HL patients for the binary discrimination between score D1,2,3 and score D4,5. Inter-reader reliability of the whole scale is not well characterised. METHODS Five international expert readers scored 100 interim PET/CT scans from paediatric HL patients. Scans were acquired in 51 European hospitals after two courses of OEPA chemotherapy (according to the EuroNet-PHL-C1 study). Images were interpreted in direct comparison with staging PET/CTs. RESULTS The probability that two random readers concord on the five point D score of a random case is only 42% (global kappa = 0.24). Aggregating to a three point scale D1,2 vs. D3 vs. D4,5 improves concordance to 60% (kappa = 0.34). Concordance if one of two readers assigns a given score is 70% for score D1,2 only 36% for score D3 and 64% for D4,5. Concordance for the binary decisions D1,2 vs. D3,4,5 is 67% and 86% for D1,2,3 vs D4,5 (kappa = 0.36 resp. 0.56). If one reader assigns D1,2,3 concordance probability is 92%, but only 64% if D4,5 is called. Discrepancies occur mainly in mediastinum, neck and skeleton. CONCLUSION Inter-reader reliability of the five point D-scale is poor in this interobserver analysis of paediatric patients who underwent OEPA. Inter-reader variability is maximal in cases assigned to D2 or D3. The binary distinction D1,2,3 versus D4,5 is the most reliable criterion for clinical decision making. Yes
Published: 2016

208. Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations

Author: Helge Bruelheide, Martin Weih, Douglas L. Godbold, Peter B. Reich, Michel Loreau, Andy Hector, Andrew R. Smith, Kris Verheyen, Josephine Haase, Margot Vanhellemont, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, John D. Parker, Bart Muys, Nadia Barsoum, Michael P. Perring, Julia Koricheva, Lander Baeten, Bastien Castagneyrol, Philippe Nolet, Alain Paquette, Christopher Baraloto, Catherine Potvin, Simone Mereu, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, Quentin Ponette, Christian Messier, Harald Auge, Hervé Jactel, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University (FIU), Department of Botany, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute Agricultural Science (ETH Zurich), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Division on Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Département des Sciences naturelles, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department of Biology [Montréal], McGill University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Forest Research [Great Britain], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Western Sydney University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Technology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Functional biodiversity research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sustainable forest management, Geography, Planning and Development, ecological restoration, Biodiversity, TROPICAL FORESTS, INSECTS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Forests, Plantation forest, Procedures, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Trees, BIOMASS, Engineering, plantation forest, Conservation Of Natural Resources, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Timber Industry, PRODUCTIVITY, Experimental Design, Environmental resource management, General Medicine, functional biodiversity research, Forest Management, Geography, Data Acquisition, Sustainability, Perspective, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, HERBIVORY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Tree, Environmental Monitoring, Conservation of Natural Resources, Carbon Sequestration, Pest Resistance, Vulnerability, Forestry Policy, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, STANDS, Sustainable Forestry, Global network, biodiversity experiments, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Forest, Restoration ecology, Ecological restoration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Resistance (ecology), Global Perspective, business.industry, Biodiversity experiments, Engineering, Environmental, Restoration Ecology, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Plantation Forestry, sustainable forest management, DENSITY, Genotype-environment Interaction, business, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Protection
Abstract: The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1-15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network. ispartof: Ambio vol:45 issue:1 pages:29-41 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published
Published: 2016

209. Brain transcriptomes of honey bees (Apis mellifera) experimentally infected by two pathogens: Black queen cell virus and Nosema ceranae

Author: Robin F. A. Moritz, Yves Le Conte, Cédric Alaux, Robert J. Paxton, Cynthia McDonnell, Sabine Nidelet, Vincent Doublet, Emeric Dubois, Doublet, Vincent, Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 244956,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,BEE DOC(2010), University of Exeter, Abeilles et environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, and BEES IN EUROPE AND THE DECLINE OF HONEYBEE COLONIES - BEE DOC - - EC:FP7:KBBE2010-03-01 - 2013-02-28 - 244956 - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:QH426-470, infection expérimentale, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Honeybee, Insect, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, apis carnica, Data in Brief, Genetics, Disease, analyse du transcriptome, Pathogen, media_common, Regulation of gene expression, abeille ouvrière, fungi, food and beverages, RNA virus, Honey bee, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Nosema ceranae, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Parasite, lcsh:Genetics, 010602 entomology, 030104 developmental biology, BQCV, Microsporidia, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Molecular Medicine, cerveau, varroa, RNA-seq, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Regulation of gene expression in the brain plays an important role in behavioral plasticity and decision making in response to external stimuli. However, both can be severely affected by environmental factors, such as parasites and pathogens. In honey bees, the emergence and re-emergence of pathogens and potential for pathogen co-infection and interaction have been suggested as major components that significantly impaired social behavior and survival. To understand how the honey bee is affected and responds to interacting pathogens, we co-infected workers with two prevalent pathogens of different nature, the positive single strand RNA virus Black queen cell virus (BQCV), and the Microsporidia Nosema ceranae, and explored gene expression changes in brains upon single infections and co-infections. Our data provide an important resource for research on honey bee diseases, and more generally on insect host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen interactions. Rawand processed data are publicly available in the NCBI/GEO database: (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under accession number GSE81664.
Published: 2016

210. On the mass of atoms in molecules: Beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

Author: Daniel Sebastiani, Arne Scherrer, Rodolphe Vuilleumier, Federica Agostini, E. K. U. Gross, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik (MPI-HALLE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Physics, Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), 010304 chemical physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], QC1-999, Atoms in molecules, Born–Oppenheimer approximation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron motion, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Quantum mechanics, Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Molecule, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; Describing the dynamics of nuclei in molecules requires a potential energy surface, which is traditionally provided by the Born-Oppenheimer or adiabatic approximation. However, we also need to assign masses to the nuclei. There, the Born-Oppenheimer picture does not account for the inertia of the electrons, and only bare nuclear masses are considered. Nowadays, experimental accuracy challenges the theoretical predictions of rotational and vibrational spectra and requires the participation of electrons in the internal motion of the molecule. More than 80 years after the original work of Born and Oppenheimer, this issue has still not been solved, in general. Here, we present a theoretical and numerical framework to address this problem in a general and rigorous way. Starting from the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function, we include electronic effects beyond the Born-Oppenheimer regime in a perturbative way via position-dependent corrections to the bare nuclear masses. This maintains an adiabaticlike point of view: The nuclear degrees of freedom feel the presence of the electrons via a single potential energy surface, whereas the inertia of electrons is accounted for and the total mass of the system is recovered. This constitutes a general framework for describing the mass acquired by slow degrees of freedom due to the inertia of light, bounded particles; thus, it is applicable not only in electron-nuclear systems but in light-heavy nuclei or ions as well. We illustrate this idea with a model of proton transfer, where the light particle is the proton and the heavy particles are the oxygen atoms to which the proton is bounded. Inclusion of the light-particle inertia allows us to gain orders of magnitude in accuracy. The electron-nuclear perspective is adopted, instead, to calculate position-dependent mass corrections using density functional theory for a few polyatomic molecules at their equilibrium geometry. These data can serve as input for the computation of high-precision molecular spectra.
Published: 2016
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211. AnnoTALE: Bioinformatics tools for identification, annotation, and nomenclature of TALEs from Xanthomonas genomic sequences

Author: Jens Boch, Maik Reschke, Jan Grau, Geoffrey G. Wilson, Ralf Koebnik, Jana Streubel, Annett Erkes, Richard D. Morgan, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Genetik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, New England Biolabs, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Transcription Activator-Like Effectors, Xanthomonas, Virulence Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, DNA transcription, Genomics, Biology, Bioinformatics, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Annotation, Bacterial Proteins, Nomenclature, Gene, genome, transcription initiation, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften, Multidisciplinary, Computational Biology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, bioinformatics, gene expression regulation, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, classification, nucleic acid base substitution, gene expression, nomenclature, ddc:500, transcription regulation
Abstract: Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are virulence factors, produced by the bacterial plant-pathogen Xanthomonas, that function as gene activators inside plant cells. Although the contribution of individual TALEs to infectivity has been shown, the specific roles of most TALEs and the overall TALE diversity in Xanthomonas spp. is not known. TALEs possess a highly repetitive DNA-binding domain, which is notoriously difficult to sequence. Here, we describe an improved method for characterizing TALE genes by the use of PacBio sequencing. We present ‘AnnoTALE’, a suite of applications for the analysis and annotation of TALE genes from Xanthomonas genomes and for grouping similar TALEs into classes. Based on these classes, we propose a unified nomenclature for Xanthomonas TALEs that reveals similarities pointing to related functionalities. This new classification enables us to compare related TALEs and to identify base substitutions responsible for the evolution of TALE specificities.
Published: 2016
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212. Photocatalytic activity of CaTaO2N nanocrystals obtained from a hydrothermally synthesized oxide precursor

Author: Roberto Köferstein, Robert Naumann, Dietrich Hesse, Stefan G. Ebbinghaus, Florian Oehler, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik (MPI-HALLE), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Perovskite, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Niobate, Phase (matter), Methyl orange, Methyl orange degradation, General Materials Science, Catalytic, Mechanical Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Decomposition, 0104 chemical sciences, Soft chemistry, chemistry, Nanocrystal, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Band Gap, Photocatalysis, nano, Catalyc activity, 0210 nano-technology, Oxynitride perovskites
Abstract: International audience; Highly crystalline CaTaO2N nanoparticles possessing large specific surface areas were investigated as photocatalysts for the decomposition of methyl orange. Two different Ca2Ta2O7 precursors were synthesized by classical solid state synthesis and a hydrothermal soft-chemistry approach, respectively. In both cases, nitridation was carried out by thermal ammonolysis. The obtained CaTaO2N samples were compared with respect to their optical, thermal and morphological properties as well as their photocatalytic activities. In particular, the influence of ammonolysis temperature on the photocatalytic properties was studied. Using hydrothermally synthesized Ca2Ta2O7 , phase pure CaTaO2N was obtained already at a relatively low ammonolysis temperature of 860 °C. Morphological investigations show that the CaTaO2N samples from the hydrothermally synthesized precursor consist of single-crystalline particles of 45 to 70 nm diameter with high specific surface areas between 12 and 19 m 2 g-1 , depending on ammonolysis temperature. A considerable photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degredation was found for the nanoscaled CaTaO2N particles prepared at lower ammonolysis temperatures. Using CoO x as co-catalyst, a further strong enhancement of the methyl orange decomposition by a factor 5-10 was achieved. 7
Published: 2016

213. Genetic diversity in the locally declining Laserpitium prutenicum L. and the more common Selinum carvifolia (L.) L.: a 'silent goodbye'?

Author: Lisa Eichel, Karsten Wesche, Frank Richter, Zygmunt Kącki, Christoph Neinhuis, Christiane M. Ritz, Katja Reichel, Erik Welk, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Botany, Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Institute for Botany, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Halle Jena Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German-Czech Erhaltungsprojekt fur seltene Pflanzen im Offenland von Bohmen und Sachsen (EPOBS) of the European Union's Ziel3/Cil3 initiative, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Endangered species, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Wet meadows, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Habitat fragmentation, biology, Selinum carvifolia, Ecology, Habitat loss, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat destruction, Threatened species, Genetic structure
Abstract: International audience; Evaluating the consequences of the decline of threatened species on their population genetic structure is crucial for establishing effective conservation strategies in the strongly fragmented landscapes of Central Europe. Laserpitium prutenicum is a bi- to perennial forb occurring in intermittently wet meadows and light oak forests throughout central to eastern and south-eastern Europe. During the past 70 years, the western limit of its distributional range retracted dramatically, the number of populations decreased and the remaining populations faced a considerable increase of fragmentation. To study the effects of this decline on the genetic diversity of L. prutenicum, we conducted an AFLP study on 20 populations from Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. For comparison, we collected the same data on Selinum carvifolia, a taxonomically related and both ecologically and morphologically similar species, which is still more common in the study area. Both species showed similarly weak spatial genetic structuring and intermediate genetic diversities. We attribute this result to the loss of habitat being faster than the loss of genetic diversity in smaller and fragmented populations. Depending on the ecological characteristics of a species, even a gradual disappearance is not necessarily accompanied by any detectable effect at the population genetic level ("silent goodbye"). In the case of L. prutenicum, habitat preservation should be given priority over all other conservation measures.
Published: 2016

214. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests

Author: David A. Coomes, Christian Ammer, Christopher Baraloto, Michael R. Ngugi, Emanuel H. Martin, Simon L. Lewis, Francesco Rovero, Peter B. Reich, Jordi Vayreda, A. David McGuire, Henry B. Glick, David David Verbyla, Xiangdong Lei, Nicolas Picard, Eungul Lee, R. Vásquez, Alain Paquette, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Radomir Bałazy, Fumiaki Kitahara, Verginia Wortel, Frédéric Mortier, James V. Watson, Boknam Lee, William Marthy, Thomas W. Crowther, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Lorenzo Frizzera, Bruno Hérault, Elena I. Parfenova, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Nurdin Chamuya, N. M. Tchebakova, Hans Pretzsch, Daniel Piotto, Timothy G. O'Brien, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Helge Bruelheide, David E. Odeke, Christian Salas, Terry Sunderland, Jacek Oleksyn, Jun Zhu, Tommaso Jucker, Renato Valencia, Sebastian Pfautsch, Han Y. H. Chen, Pascal A. Niklaus, Susan K. Wiser, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Fabio Bozzato, Bonaventure Sonké, Robert Bitariho, Hyun-Seok Kim, Sergio de-Miguel, Peter Schall, Mo Zhou, Markus Fischer, Andrew R. Marshall, Jingjing Liang, Huicui Lu, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Fernando Valladares, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Victor J. Neldner, Susanne Brandl, Christopher B. Barrett, Damiano Gianelle, Nestor L. Engone-Obiang, Eric B. Searle, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Christelle Gonmadje, Giorgio Alberti, Rebecca Tavani, Pablo Luis Peri, Geerten M. Hengeveld, Filippo Bussotti, Bernhard Schmid, Leena Finér, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Olivier Bouriaud, Helder Viana, Davis College of Agriculture - School of Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Forestry Department, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Landcare Research, Departement Agri Food Animal & Environment Science, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), US Geological Survey [Laurel], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Architecture & Environment Department, Italcementi Group, Institute of Forest Growth & Yield Science, School Life Science Weihenstephan (TUM), Deptamento de Produccion Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, Centro Tecnológico Forestal de Cataluña (CTFC), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université McGill -Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Charles H Dyson School Applied Economics & Management, Cornell University, Team Vegetation Forest & Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CSETH), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal), Departamento de Engenharia Florestal (DEF), Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Deptment of Silviculture & Forest Ecology of Temperate Zones, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, School of Natural Resources & Extension, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Faculty of Natural Resources management, Lakehead University, Research Institute of Forest Resource InformationTechn, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research & Innovation Center, Sustainable Agroecosystem & Bioresources Depat, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Department Ciencias Forestales, University of La Frontera, Department of Geography & Geology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Seoul], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Department of Forest Sciences, Inst Biol Geobot & Bot Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Sustainable Landscape & Food Syst, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, Department of Forestry, Food & Agr Org UN, Department of Statistics, University of Haifa [Haifa], Hans Carl von Carlowitz, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Sekocin Stary Braci, Forest Research Institute, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Cornell University [New York], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Western Sydney University, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Natural Resources Management [Thunder Bay], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation [Queensland] (DSITI), The European Union for funding the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR, FEDER/ COMPETE/POCI under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013, Swiss National Science Foundation grant 310030B_147092, the EU H2020 PEGASUS project (no 633814), EU H2020 Simwood project (no 613762), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the framework of the MultiFUNGtionality Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF) under grant agreement 655815, ANR-10-LABX-0025, European Project: 633814,H2020,H2020-ISIB-2014-2,PEGASUS(2015), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management (Dyson), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biome, Biodiversity, forest management, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Deforestation, Produttività, Agroforestry, Medicine (all), Multidisciplinary, PE&RC, Biodiversità, Forest Ecosystems, international, Forêt, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Conservation of Natural Resources, Production forestière, Manejo Forestal, gestion des ressources naturelles, Extinction, Biological, Biodiversidad, multifonctionalité, multifunctionality, Conservation des ressources, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, Escala Global, Socioeconomic Development, Impact sur l'environnement, Production, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, Deforestación, Cambio Climático, Politique forestière, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Forest ecology, gestion forestière, Global Scale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nature conservation, Trees, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, Dynamique des populations, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Productivity, Valuation (finance), Operaciones Forestales, Ecologia forestale, Ecology, conservation, Forest Management, Biometris, protection de la forêt, Conservación, Écosystème forestier, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Climate Change, Aménagement forestier, Forest management, Climate change, Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, Producción, Forestry Operations, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Ecosistemas Forestales, Life Science, Ressource forestière, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Desarrollo Socioeconómico, Vegetation, Ecología, Déboisement, K10 - Production forestière, 13. Climate action
Abstract: The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone - US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation - is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities.
Published: 2016

215. Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

Author: Christopher Mayack, Frank Hirche, Yves Le Conte, Robin F. A. Moritz, Per Kryger, Christoph Kurze, Gabriele I. Stangl, Institute for Biology, University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, energetic stress, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fitness cost, adaptation, immune response, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nosema, Negatively associated, Stress, Physiological, Hemolymph, Animals, Host-parasite interaction, Adaptation, Immune response, General Veterinary, biology, Ecology, Host (biology), Energetic stress, Nosema apis, General Medicine, Bees, biology.organism_classification, host-parasite interaction, Nosema ceranae, Trehalose, Adaptation, Physiological, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Insect Science, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Parasitology, Fitness cost, Energy Metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Host-pathogen coevolution leads to reciprocal adaptations, allowing pathogens to increase host exploitation or hosts to minimise costs of infection. As pathogen resistance is often associated with considerable costs, tolerance may be an evolutionary alternative. Here, we examined the effect of two closely related and highly host dependent intracellular gut pathogens, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, on the energetic state in Nosema tolerant and sensitive honeybees facing the infection. We quantified the three major haemolymph carbohydrates fructose, glucose, and trehalose using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a measure for host energetic state. Trehalose levels in the haemolymph were negatively associated with N. apis infection intensity and with N. ceranae infection regardless of the infection intensity in sensitive honeybees. Nevertheless, there was no such association in Nosema spp. infected tolerant honeybees. These findings suggest that energy availability in tolerant honeybees was not compromised by the infection. This result obtained at the individual level may also have implications at the colony level where workers in spite of a Nosema infection can still performaswell as healthy bees, maintaining colony efficiency and productivity.
Published: 2016

216. Topological crystalline insulator in a new Bi semiconducting phase

Author: Francisco Muñoz, J. Henk, Tomáš Rauch, Miguel A. L. Marques, Eugene V. Chulkov, Alessandra Romero, Silvana Botti, Maia G. Vergniory, Ingrid Mertig, American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Tomsk State University, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Universidad del País Vasco, National Science Foundation (US), Saint Petersburg State University, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Departamento de Fisica de Materieles and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Institut für Festkörpertheorie und -optik (IFTO), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Morgantown}, and West Virginia University [Morgantown]
Subjects: Materials science, health care facilities, manpower, and services, education, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Topological order, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010306 general physics, health care economics and organizations, Surface states, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Chern class, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Topological insulator, топологические изоляторы, электронные устройства, 0210 nano-technology, Mirror symmetry
Abstract: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., Topological crystalline insulators are a type of topological insulators whose topological surface states are protected by a crystal symmetry, thus the surface gap can be tuned by applying strain or an electric field. In this paper we predict by means of ab initio calculations a new phase of Bi which is a topological crystalline insulator characterized by a mirror Chern number nM = −2, but not a Z2 strong topological insulator. This system presents an exceptional property: at the (001) surface its Dirac cones are pinned at the surface high-symmetry points. As a consequence they are also protected by time-reversal symmetry and can survive against weak disorder even if in-plane mirror symmetry is broken at the surface. Taking advantage of this dual protection, we present a strategy to tune the band-gap based on a topological phase transition unique to this system. Since the spin-texture of these topological surface states reduces the back-scattering in carrier transport, this effective band-engineering is expected to be suitable for electronic and optoelectronic devices with reduced dissipation., We acknowledge the computational support from the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ACI-1053575. MGV and EVC acknowledge partial support from the Basque Country Government, Departamento de Educación, Universidades e Investigación (Grant No. IT-756-13), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía e Innovación (Grant No. FIS2010-19609-C02-01 and FIS2013-48286-C2-1-P), the FEDER funding, Saint Petersburg State University (Project No. 15.61.202.2015) and the Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Program. FM thanks ‘Financiamiento Basal para Centros Cientificos y Tecnologicos de Excelencia FB 0807’ and Fondecyt grant 1150806. AHR acknowledge the support of DMREF-NSF 1434897 and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research under contract 54075-ND10. This work was supported by SPP 1666 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
Published: 2016

217. Toward the Standardization of Biochar Analysis: The COST Action TD1107 Interlaboratory Comparison

Author: Alessandro G. Rombolà, Heike Knicker, Ondřej Mašek, Franz Zehetner, Guido Fellet, Alba Dieguez-Alonso, Thomas D. Bucheli, Ulrich M. Hanke, Hans Jörg Bachmann, Diane Buerge, Michael W.H. Evangelou, Daniele Fabbri, José María De la Rosa, Hans-Peter Schmidt, Ruben Sakrabani, Marina Paneque Carmona, Frédéric Rees, Andrew Cross, Valdemar I. Esteves, Gerhard Soja, Akio Enders, Frank G. A. Verheijen, Roberto Calvelo Pereira, Roland Becker, Massimo Valagussa, Jan Mumme, Axel Ulbricht, Gabriel Gasco Guerrero, Dimitrios Kalderis, Isabel Hilber, D Dickinson, Bruno Glaser, Jens Leifeld, Kelly Hanley, Alessandro Buscaroli, Saran Sohi, K. Friedrich, Bachmann, Hans Jörg, Bucheli, Thomas D, Dieguez-Alonso, Alba, Fabbri, Daniele, Knicker, Heike, Schmidt, Hans-Peter, Ulbricht, Axel, Becker, Roland, Buscaroli, Alessandro, Buerge, Diane, Cross, Andrew, Dickinson, Dane, Enders, Akio, Esteves, Valdemar I., Evangelou, Michael W. H., Fellet, Guido, Friedrich, Kevin, Gasco Guerrero, Gabriel, Glaser, Bruno, Hanke, Ulrich M., Hanley, Kelly, Hilber, Isabel, Kalderis, Dimitrio, Leifeld, Jen, Masek, Ondrej, Mumme, Jan, Carmona, Marina Paneque, Calvelo Pereira, Roberto, Rees, Frederic, Rombolà, Alessandro G., De La Rosa, José Maria, Sakrabani, Ruben, Sohi, Saran, Soja, Gerhard, Valagussa, Massimo, Verheijen, Frank, Zehetner, Franz, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), CIRI EA c/o CIRSA, University of Bologna, IRNAS-CISIC, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Institute for Carbon Intelligence, Ithaka, Eurofins Umwelt Ost GmbH, BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing (BAM), Intitute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, CESAM & Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Agricultural and Environnemental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Fachhochschule Bingen, Departamento de Produccion Agraria - ETSI Agronomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), institut für agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften - Bodenbiogeochemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Technological and Educational Institute of Crete, Institute for Sustainability Sicences ISS, IRNAS-CSIC, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), School of Energy - Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Health and Environment Department - Environmental Resources and Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology [Vienna] (AIT), Minoprio Analisi e Certificaziono S.r.L, Environment and Planning Department, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Cornell University [New York], Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and European Cooperation in Science and Technology
Subjects: Biochar analysis, Biochar certification, Round-robin test, Interlaboratory test, Charcoal, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Amendment, Reproducibility of Result, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, biochar analysi, 01 natural sciences, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, round-robin test, Biochar, interlaboratory test, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Reproducibility, Intralaboratory, biochar certification, Chemistry (all), Reproducibility of Results, General Chemistry, Repeatability, Reference Standards, heavy metal, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulp and paper industry, Soil conditioner, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Reference Standard, Round robin test, Laboratories, 0210 nano-technology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Pyrolysis, Laboratorie
Abstract: 15 páginas.-- 2 figuras.-- 1 tablas.-- 42 referencias.-- Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05055.-- Bachmann, Hans Jörg et al. (2016) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(2): 513–527, Biochar produced by pyrolysis of organic residues is increasingly used for soil amendment and many other applications. However, analytical methods for its physical and chemical characterization are yet far from being specifically adapted, optimized, and standardized. Therefore, COST Action TD1107 conducted an interlaboratory comparison in which 22 laboratories from 12 countries analyzed three different types of biochar for 38 physical–chemical parameters (macro- and microelements, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pH, electrical conductivity, and specific surface area) with their preferential methods. The data were evaluated in detail using professional interlaboratory testing software. Whereas intralaboratory repeatability was generally good or at least acceptable, interlaboratory reproducibility was mostly not (20% < mean reproducibility standard deviation < 460%). This paper contributes to better comparability of biochar data published already and provides recommendations to improve and harmonize specific methods for biochar analysis in the future., The biochar-producing companies Pyreg GmbH, Sonnenerde GmbH, and Swiss Biochar GmbH are acknowledged for sample donation. We are grateful to the IBI and the EBC for fruitful discussions about analytical method standardization. D.F., A.B., and A.G.R. thank the Universitàdi Bologna and Regione Emilia Romagna (Italy) APQ Ricerca Intervento a “Sostegno dello sviluppo dei Laboratori di ricerca nei campi della nautica e dell’energia per il Tecnopolo di Ravenna” and Denis Zannoni for laboratory assistance. F.Z. thanks the laboratory staff at the Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria., We thank the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) for financial support
Published: 2016

218. The impact of tree diversity on different aspects of insect herbivory along a global temperature gradient - A meta-analysis

Author: Kambach, Stephan, Kuhn, Ingolf, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Bruelheide, Helge, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Insecta, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Forests, Trees, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, forêt, lcsh:Science, Ecology, Temperature, Biodiversity, Plants, Terrestrial Environments, phénologie, Trophic Interactions, Insects, Community Ecology, Physical Sciences, condition climatique, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Ecological Metrics, Arthropoda, biogeographie, Research and Analysis Methods, Ecosystems, Host-Parasite Interactions, Plant-Animal Interactions, Dendrology, Animals, Herbivory, structure arboréscente, Statistical Methods, Models, Statistical, Plant Ecology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Plant-Herbivore Interactions, Species Diversity, insecte herbivore, Invertebrates, Sample Size, lcsh:Q, Animal Distribution, human activities, Mathematics, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: International audience; Forests with higher tree diversity are often assumed to be more resistant to insect herbivores but whether this effect depends on climatic conditions is so far poorly understood. In particular, a forest's resistance to herbivory may depend on mean annual temperature (MAT) as a key driver of plant and insect phenology. We carried out a global meta-analysis on regression coefficients between tree diversity and four aspects of insect herbivory, namely herbivore damage, abundance, incidence rate and species richness. To test for a potential shift of tree diversity effects along a global gradient of MAT we applied mixed-effects models and estimated grand mean effect sizes and the influence of MAT, experimental vs. observational studies and herbivores diet breadth. There was no overall effect of tree diversity on the pooled effect sizes of insect herbivore damage, abundance and incidence rate. However, when analysed separately, we found positive grand mean effect sizes for herbivore abundance and species richness. For herbivore damage and incidence rate we found a significant but opposing shift along a gradient of MAT indicating that with increasing MAT diversity effects on herbivore damage tend towards associational resistance whereas diversity effects on incidence rates tend towards associational susceptibility. Our results contradict previous meta-analyses reporting overall associational resistance to insect herbivores in mixed forests. Instead, we report that tree diversity effects on insect herbivores can follow a biogeographic pattern calling for further in-depth studies in this field.
Published: 2016

219. A system for the automatic estimation of morphometric parameters of corneal endothelium in alizarine red-stained images

Author: Alfredo Ruggeri, Fabio Scarpa, Massimo De Luca, Christian Meltendorf, Jan Schroeter, Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), and Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
Subjects: Corneal endothelium, Contrast enhancement, Sus scrofa, Anthraquinones, Cell Count, Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Whole systems, Cornea, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Digital image, 0302 clinical medicine, Polymegethism, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Animals, Microscopy, Phase-Contrast, Pixel, business.industry, Endothelium, Corneal, Endothelial Cells, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Pleomorphism (microbiology), Neural Networks, Computer, sense organs, business, Algorithms, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Background/aims. A computer program for the automatic estimation of morphometric parameters (cell density, pleomorphism, polymegethism) in alizarine red stained images is presented and evaluated. Methods. Images of corneal endothelium from 30 porcine eyes stained with alizarine red were acquired with an optical microscope and saved as grey-level digital images. Each image was at first pre-processed for luminosity correction and contrast enhancement. An artificial neural network was used to classify all pixels as cell contour or cell body pixels. The segmented cell contours were then used to obtain estimates of morphometric parameters. The central area was assessed and the mean area per cornea was 0.54±0.07 mm2. The whole system was implemented as a computer program using the Matlab® language. Estimated parameters were compared with the corresponding values derived from manual contour detection on the same images used for the automatic estimation. Results. On the 30 images of our data set, mean differences of automatic parameters vs. manual ones were -12±52 cells/mm2 (range -103 to +145) for density; 0.5±2.6 per cent (range -5.6 to +5.6) for pleomorphism; -0.7±1.9 per cent (range -4.1 to +2.8) for polymegethism. Conclusion. The evaluation of the automatic system on 30 images from porcine eyes confirmed its capability of reliably estimating morphometric parameters with respect to parameter values derived by manual analysis.
Published: 2010

220. Exponential and polynomial stability of a wave equation for boundary memory damping with singular kernels

Author: Jan Prüss, Rico Zacher, Fatiha Alabau-Boussouira, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications de Metz (LMAM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Robust control of infinite dimensional systems and applications (CORIDA), Institut Élie Cartan de Nancy (IECN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications de Metz (LMAM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut für Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Université Nancy 2-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Université Nancy 2-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications de Metz (LMAM)
Subjects: Lyapunov function, Polynomial, Differential equation, 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Boundary (topology), General Medicine, Wave equation, 01 natural sciences, Exponential function, law.invention, 010101 applied mathematics, symbols.namesake, Invertible matrix, Exponential stability, law, symbols, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: This work is concerned with stabilization of a wave equation stabilized by a boundary feedback. When the feedback is both frictional and with memory, we prove exponential stability of the solutions. In case of a boundary feedback which is only of memory type, uniform stability is not expected. We prove in this latter case, that the solutions decay polynomially. The method is new and uses the method of higher order energies (see [F. Alabau-Boussouira, J. Pruss, R. Zacher, Exponential and polynomial stabilization of wave equations subjected to boundary-memory dissipation with singular kernels, in preparation; F. Alabau, Stabilisation frontiere indirecte de systemes faiblement couples, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math. 328 (1999) 1015–1020; F. Alabau, P. Cannarsa, V. Komornik, Indirect internal damping of coupled systems, J. Evolution Equations 2 (2002) 127–150; F. Alabau, Indirect boundary stabilization of weakly coupled systems, SIAM J. Control Optim. 41 (2002) 511–541]), the multiplier method and the properties of a large class of singular kernels. Moreover, our method can be extended to include cases of nonsingular kernels (see [V. Vergara, R. Zacher, Lyapunov functions and convergence to steady state for differential equations of fractional order, Math. Z. 259 (2008) 287–309; R. Zacher, Convergence to equilibrium for second order differential equations with weak damping of memory type, preprint.]). To cite this article: F. Alabau-Boussouira et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).
Published: 2009

221. Visualization of novel virulence activities of theXanthomonastype III effectors AvrBs1, AvrBs3 and AvrBs4

Author: Boris Szurek, Ulla Bonas, Robert Szczesny, Norman Gürlebeck, Simone Hahn, Simone Jahn, Doreen Gürlebeck, Gerd Hause, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Biocenter of the Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Transcription, Genetic, Nicotiana benthamiana, Plant Science, Vacuole, MESH: Virulence, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Type three secretion system, MESH: Plant Diseases, MESH: Tobacco, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, 0303 health sciences, Virulence, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Effector, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], food and beverages, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Xanthomonas campestris, Cell biology, MESH: Plant Leaves, Protein Transport, Subcellular Fractions, MESH: Cell Nucleus, MESH: Protein Transport, Xanthomonas, MESH: Ions, Soil Science, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Xanthomonas, Biology, MESH: Vacuoles, Microbiology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Tobacco, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Molecular Biology, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, Ions, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, fungi, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, MESH: Subcellular Fractions, Vacuoles, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria secretes at least 20 effector proteins through the type III secretion system directly into plant cells. In this study, we uncovered virulence activities of the effector proteins AvrBs1, AvrBs3 and AvrBs4 using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the corresponding genes in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by microscopic analyses. We showed that, in addition to the nuclear-localized AvrBs3, the effector AvrBs1, which localizes to the plant cell cytoplasm, also induces a morphological change in mesophyll cells. Comparative analyses revealed that avrBs3-expressing plant cells contain highly active nuclei. Furthermore, plant cells expressing avrBs3 or avrBs1 show a decrease in the starch content in chloroplasts and an increased number of vesicles, indicating an enlargement of the central vacuole and the cell wall. Both AvrBs1 and AvrBs3 cause an increased ion efflux when expressed in N. benthamiana. By contrast, expression of the avrBs3 homologue avrBs4 leads to large catalase crystals in peroxisomes, suggesting a possible virulence function of AvrBs4 in the suppression of the plant defence responses. Taken together, our data show that microscopic inspection can uncover subtle and novel virulence activities of type III effector proteins.
Published: 2009

222. Disruption of the Sugar Transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 Affects Vascular Development and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Author: Rozenn Le Hir, Grégory Mouille, Lara Spinner, Dipankar Chakraborti, Rémi Lemoine, Evelyne Téoulé, Federica de Marco, Benoît Porcheron, Françoise Vilaine, Nelly Wolff, H. Ekkehard Neuhaus, Patrick A.W. Klemens, Catherine Bellini, Carine Gery, Salem Chabout, Sylvie Dinant, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Umea Plant Science Centre, Plant Physiology (P.A.W.K., K.P., H.E.N.) and General Zoology/Cellular Neurobiology (J.D.), University of Kaiserslautern, Département d'Économie de l'École Polytechnique (X-DEP-ECO), École polytechnique (X), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches Europes-Eurasie (CREE EA 4513), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Biomedical Engineering - Yale University, Yale University [New Haven], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Carbohydrates, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Membrane Transport Proteins, Transporter, Plant Science, Phloem, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, Cell biology, Cell Wall, Xylem, Freezing, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Adaptation, Sugar, Molecular Biology, Biokemi och molekylärbiologi, Freezing tolerance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Disruption of the Sugar Transporters AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 Affects Vascular Development and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Published: 2015

223. Protein modification and maintenance systems as biomarkers of ageing

Author: Konstantinos Voutetakis, Claude Libert, Valerie Vanhooren, Alexander Navarrete Santos, Isabelle Petropoulos, Efstathios S. Gonos, Andreas Simm, Bertrand Friguet, Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), VIB Inflammation Research Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The MARK-AGE project has received funding from the European Union’s FP7 research and innovation programme under grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2008-200880, European Project: 200880,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,MARK-AGE(2008), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: Aging, Longevity, TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS, HMGB1, RAGE (receptor), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, LIFE-SPAN EXTENSION, HUMAN EMBRYONIC FIBROBLASTS, 030304 developmental biology, Protein maintenance, 0303 health sciences, Clusterin, biology, METHIONINE-SULFOXIDE-REDUCTASE, Blood proteins, Protein modification, Ageing, Biochemistry, Proteasome, HUMAN BJ FIBROBLASTS, Proteolysis, UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME PATHWAY, biology.protein, Methionine sulfoxide reductase, GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Protein quality, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Changes in the abundance and post-translational modification of proteins and accumulation of some covalently modified proteins have been proposed to represent hallmarks of biological ageing. Within the frame of the Mark-Age project, the workpackage dedicated to “markers based on proteins and their modifications” has been firstly focused on enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of serum proteins by carbohydrates. The second focus of the workpackage has been directed towards protein maintenance systems that are involved either in protein quality control (ApoJ/Clusterin) or in the removal of oxidatively damaged proteins through degradation and repair (proteasome and methionine sulfoxide reductase systems). This review describes the most relevant features of these protein modifications and maintenance systems, their fate during ageing and/or their implication in ageing and longevity.
Published: 2015

224. BaTiO3 –CoFe2O4 –BaTiO3 trilayer composite thin films prepared by chemical solution deposition

Author: Walther, Till, Quandt, Norman, Köferstein, Roberto, Roth, Robert, Steimecke, Matthias, Bron, Michael, Dörr, Kathrin, Ebbinghaus, Stefan, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Kernphysik, and Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt)
Subjects: Materials science, spinel, Multiferroics, Thin films, CoFe2O4, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, engineering.material, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Spin Coating, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, composite, Thin film, perovskite, Perovskite (structure), 010302 applied physics, Spin coating, Spinel, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Chemical Solution Deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hysteresis, BaTiO3, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Multiferroic BaTiO3-CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 thin films were synthesized by spin coating of Co(NO3) 2-Fe(NO3)3 and Ba(OAc)2-Ti(i-OPr)4 solutions in a solvent mixture of acetic acid and dimethylformamide. Subsequent stepwise thermal treatment at 200, 400 and 800 °C leads to the desired ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic phases. The phase formation process was monitored by thermogravimetric, XRD, IR and Raman measurements. SEM was used to characterize the layered sandwich structure and the thickness of each layer. Two samples with different thicknesses of the perovskite and spinel layers are discussed. Sample 1 consists of a 120 nm layer of CoFe2O4 between two 70 nm thick BaTiO3 layers. For sample 2 the 90 nm 2 thick top and bottom layers of BaTiO3 are enclosing a 220 nm CoFe2O4 layer. The quality of the samples surfaces was determined by AFM leading to root mean square roughness values of about 4 nm. Magnetic investigations reveal a slightly anisotropic behavior for in-plane and out-of-plane magnetizations and coercivities. Polarization measurements show hysteresis loops (maximum Ps = 29 µC cm-2 ; maximum Pr = 17 µC cm-2) with pronounced switching peaks at the corresponding coercive fields of 200 and 360 kV cm-1 , respectively.
Published: 2015

225. A Novel One-Dimensional Copper Mellitate Complex Featured by {Cu(H2O)2(urea)[C6(COO)4(COOH)2]}n2n - Polyanions

Author: Köferstein, Roberto, Robl, Christian, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: mellitate, curie-weiss law, Diaminohexane, Magnetism, Urea, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Coordination polymer, Benzene carboxylate, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Copper complexes
Abstract: International audience; Blue monoclinic single crystals of the novel one-dimensional [H 3 N-(CH 2) 6-NH 3 ][Cu(H 2 O) 2 (urea)(µ 2-C 6 (COO) 4 (COOH) 2)]*H 2 O coordination polymer have been prepared in aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of 1,6-diaminohexane and urea. Space group P2 1 /n (no. 14) with a = 958.48(9), b = 1465.74(11), c = 1821.14(12) pm, beta = 97.655(8)°. The Cu 2+ cation is coordinated in a square pyramidal manner by two oxygen atoms stemming from the dihydrogen mellitate tetraanion, one oxygen atom from the urea molecule, and two water molecules. The Cu−O distances are between 193.3(2) and 229.4(2) pm. The connection between Cu 2+ and [C 6 (COO) 4 (COOH) 2 ] 4- yields infinite chain-like polyanions parallel to [-1 ̅01] with a composition of {Cu(H 2 O) 2 (urea)[C 6 (COO) 4 (COOH) 2 ]} n 2n-. The dihydrogen mellitate tetraanion adopts a µ 2 coordination mode. The [(H 3 N-(CH 2) 6-NH 3)] 2+ cations are accommodated between the chains as counter cations. The hexane-1,6-diammonium cations adopt a partial synclinal conformation. The chains are connected by strong and weak hydrogen bonds. Magnetic measurements reveal a paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behaviour and a magnetic moment of 1.93 µ B per Cu 2+. Thermoanalytical investigations in air show that the complex is stable up to 135 °C. Following decomposition processes yielding CuO.
Published: 2015

226. Crossing Frontiers in Tackling Pathways of Biological Invasions

Author: Petr Pyšek, Sabrina Kumschick, Philip E. Hulme, Stefan Schindler, Tim M. Blackburn, Ingolf Kühn, Alain Roques, Giuseppe Brundu, Belinda Gallardo, Shyama Pagad, René Eschen, Angeliki F. Martinou, Argyro Zenetos, Helen E. Roy, Hanno Seebens, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Riccardo Scalera, Sven Bacher, Montserrat Vilà, Franz Essl, Sarah Brunel, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Wolfgang Nentwig, Jan Pergl, Marc Kenis, Olaf Booy, Piero Genovesi, Bella S. Galil, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Quentin Groom, Emili García-Berthou, Colette O'Flynn, Colin A. Harrower, John R. U. Wilson, David M. Richardson, Stelios Katsanevakis, Μαρτίνου, Αγγελική, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Adelaide, Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), Department of Agriculture, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization - Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes (EPPO), European Commission, CABI, Delemont, Switzerland, Partenaires INRAE, CSIC, EBD, E-41080 Seville, Spain, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Department of environmental sciences, Universitat de Girona (UdG), International Union for Conservation of Nature, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Meise Botanic Garden, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, University of the Aegean, Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International (CABI), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), University of Cyprus, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, University of Auckland [Auckland], Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Charles University in Prague, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Oldenburg, Plate-forme Belge de la Biodiversité, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Institute of Biology at the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin (FU), Austrian Climate Research Program ('Spec-Adapt') [KR11AC0K00355], ERA-Net BiodivERsA (project WhoIsNext), Austrian Science Foundation FWF, German VW-Foundation, ERA-Net BiodivERsA (project FFII), German Research Foundation DFG [JE 288/7-1], DFG [JE 288/9-1], DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Working for Water programme, Swiss National Science Foundation, Drakenstein Trust, Natural Environment Research Council, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO 67985939], Czech Science Foundation [14-36079G, P504/11/1028], Czech Academy of Sciences, and Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I [SEV-2012-0262]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Temporal trends, Alien species, alien species, Introduced species, Biology, 580 Plants (Botany), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, temporal trends, propagule pressure, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Propagule pressure, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, Key features, Management, Pathway information, Impact, impact, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Natural Sciences, management
Abstract: International audience; Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.
Published: 2015

227. Das Französische auf den Antillen – Vergleich mit anderen postkolonialen Gesellschaften

Author: Kriegel, Sibylle, Ludwig, Ralph, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Petites Antilles, Ile Maurice, français régional, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Seychelles
Abstract: Vergleich der Situation des Franzoesischen in verschiedenen kreolophonen Gebieten der Antillen und des Indischen Ozeans.
Published: 2015

228. Investigation of DNA methylation role periconceptional programming in early stage embryos from rabbit diabetic pregnancy model

Author: Grybel, K., Canon, Eugénie, Pendzialek, Mareike, Schindler, Maria, Gurke, Jacqueline, Blachère, Thierry, Godet, Murielle, Fischer, Bernd, Navarrete Santos, Anne, Duranthon, Véronique, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut cellule souche et cerveau (U846 Inserm - UCBL1), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon (COMUE), EU-FP7-EpiHealthNET, RGB-Net (COST Action TD1101), Wilhelm Roux Program, MLU, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). BEL., European Project: 278418,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-two-stage,EPIHEALTH(2011), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut cellule souche et cerveau (SBRI)
Subjects: embryonic structures, preimplantation embryos, rabbit, dna methylation, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, pregnancy, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract: International audience; DNA methylation is a conservative epigenetic marker. A correct DNA methylation pattern is essential for embryonic development. Mammalian embryos gain a complete de novo DNA methylation design around implantation. DNA methylation is a potential mechanism of periconceptional programming, suggesting that the DNA methylation pattern of developing embryo might be affected in distinct ways, depending on nutritional and hormonal signals. To expand this idea we have investigated the DNA methylation pattern of the promoter region of the POU5F1 (Oct4) pluripotency gene in preimplantation rabbit embryos at day 6 p.c (early gastrulation stage). The blastocysts were collected from healthy and diabetic rabbits. The POU5F1 promoter contains four conservative regions, which are embracing important elements for its transcription: proximal and distal enhancers (PE-1A, PE-1B, DE-1A), a SOX2/Oct4 binding site and hormone responding element (HRE). We have characterized the CpG islands methylation at all mentioned regions in two embryonic tissues: embryoblast and trophoblast, using bisulfite treatment, cloning and sequencing. The analysis has been successfully performed for the trophoblast tissue yet. A higher methylation of the CpG islands for HRE and at the beginning of first exon has been noticed in the trophoblast of diabetic embryos. A hypomethylation in trophoblast from diabetic embryos comparing to trophoblasts from healthy pregnancies was visible for proximal enhancer 1A (PE-1A) in frame of conservative region 3 (CR3). In this context, DNA methylation can be considered as a form of embryo developmental plasticity, which can promote metabolic disorders in adult life.
Published: 2015

229. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Reveals the Role of mRNA Poly(A) Tail Regulation in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis

Author: Steven Carberry, Martine Simonelig, Martine Oloko, Maelle Bellec, Teresa Gidaro, Vincent Mouly, George Dickson, Pierre Klein, Gillian Butler-Browne, Nicolas Barbezier, Claude Jardel, Stéphanie Pierson, Capucine Trollet, Bodo Moritz, Aymeric Chartier, Paul Dowling, Laurie Maynadier, Kay Ohlendieck, François Casas, Institut de génétique humaine ( IGH ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche en myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Association française contre les myopathies ( AFM-Téléthon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance ( DCC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ), National University of Ireland Maynooth ( NUIM ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Martin Luther Universität, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Royal Holloway [University of London] ( RHUL ), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National University of Ireland Maynooth (Maynooth University), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM), INRA UMR 866 Différenciation cellulaire et croissance, Montpellier, Department of Biology [Maynooth], Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany, and HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire
Subjects: Cancer Research, Polyadenylation, lcsh:QH426-470, activité mitochondriale, RNA-binding protein, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, Mitochondrion, souris, dystrophie musculaire, Poly(A)-Binding Protein I, Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal, protéine de liaison, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, muscle atrophie, MRNA cleavage, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, lcsh:Genetics, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, mitochondrie, Smaug, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), a late-onset disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of specific muscles, results from the extension of a polyalanine tract in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). While the roles of PABPN1 in nuclear polyadenylation and regulation of alternative poly(A) site choice are established, the molecular mechanisms behind OPMD remain undetermined. Here, we show, using Drosophila and mouse models, that OPMD pathogenesis depends on affected poly(A) tail lengths of specific mRNAs. We identify a set of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins that are down-regulated starting at the earliest stages of OPMD progression. The down-regulation of these mRNAs correlates with their shortened poly(A) tails and partial rescue of their levels when deadenylation is genetically reduced improves muscle function. Genetic analysis of candidate genes encoding RNA binding proteins using the Drosophila OPMD model uncovers a potential role of a number of them. We focus on the deadenylation regulator Smaug and show that it is expressed in adult muscles and specifically binds to the down-regulated mRNAs. In addition, the first step of the cleavage and polyadenylation reaction, mRNA cleavage, is affected in muscles expressing alanine-expanded PABPN1. We propose that impaired cleavage during nuclear cleavage/polyadenylation is an early defect in OPMD. This defect followed by active deadenylation of specific mRNAs, involving Smaug and the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex, leads to their destabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results broaden our understanding of the role of mRNA regulation in pathologies and might help to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders that involve mitochondrial dysfunction., Author Summary Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of specific muscles, leading to ptosis (eyelid drooping), dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) and proximal limb weakness. The disease results from mutations in a nuclear protein called poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 that is involved in polyadenylation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and poly(A) site selection. To address the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease, we have used two animal models (Drosophila and mouse) that recapitulate the features of this disorder. We show that oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy pathogenesis depends on defects in poly(A) tail length regulation of specific mRNAs. Because poly(A) tails play an essential role in mRNA stability, these defects result in accelerated decay of these mRNAs. The affected mRNAs encode mitochondrial proteins, and mitochondrial activity is impaired in diseased muscles. These findings have important implications for the development of potential therapies for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, and might be relevant to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying other disorders that involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
Published: 2015

230. Net Art et autoproduction: Acteurs et enjeux de la recherche : reconnaissance, créativité et industries du numérique

Author: Vidal, Geneviève, Papilloud, Christian, Fourmentraux, Jean-Paul, Millerand, Florence, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication (LabSIC), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Groupe d'Études et de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Information et COmmunication - ULR 4073 (GERIICO ), Université de Lille, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Labex ICCA industries culturelles & création artistique, and Jean Paul Fourmentraux (Lille 3 – Geriico) Florence Millerand (UQAM-Québec) Christian Papilloud (Université de Halle-Allemagne) Geneviève Vidal (Paris 13 – LabSIC)
Subjects: arts numériques, [SHS.INFO.SOCI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences/domain_shs.info.soci, reconnaissance, créativité, industrialisaiton et marchandisation, [SHS.INFO.ECON]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences/domain_shs.info.econ, [SHS.INFO.CINE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences/domain_shs.info.cine, netart, innovation, art et économie
Abstract: Ce rapport de recherche, financée par le Labex ICCA, industries culturelles & création artistique, met en avant une triple analyse - l’autoproduction et les modes de production ; la création et la créativité ; le processusd’industrialisation de la créativité numérique et de la marchandisation des pratiques artistiques. Cette recherche exploratoire a permis de confirmer les enjeux majeurs de l’autoproduction du Netart : des modèles économiquesémergents, des modes de financement de l’art relayés par l’industrie numérique et la marchandisationde la créativité numérique, la mise à l’écart du Netart et des arts numériques de l’art contemporain,provoquant des initiatives expérimentales pour poursuivre les projets et le processus de reconnaissance.
Published: 2015

231. Dependent wild bootstrap for the empirical process

Author: Doukhan, Paul, Lang, Gabriel, Leucht, Anne, Neumann, Michael H., Analyse, Géométrie et Modélisation (AGM - UMR 8088), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], German Research Foundation DFG [NE 606/2-2], Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mathematische Stochastik, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institut für Mathematik, and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Absolute regularity, V-statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], test statistique, méthode empirique, statistical test, empirical method, time series, bootstrap, quantiles, empirical process
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a model-free bootstrap method for the empirical process under absolute regularity. More precisely, consistency of an adapted version of the so-called dependent wild bootstrap, which was introduced by Shao () and is very easy to implement, is proved under minimal conditions on the tuning parameter of the procedure. We show how our results can be applied to construct confidence intervals for unknown parameters and to approximate critical values for statistical tests. In a simulation study, we investigate the size properties of a bootstrap-aided Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and show that our method is competitive to standard block bootstrap methods in finite samples.
Published: 2015

232. Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why

Author: C.E. Thimothy Paine, Helge Bruelheide, Susan Doust, Andy Hector, S. Joseph Wright, Jean-Louis Doucet, Alain Paquette, Kasso Daïnou, Paul V. A. Fine, Nils Bourland, Hervé Jactel, Sabrina E. Russo, Martin Baruffol, Kaoru Kitajima, Juan M. Posada, Kalle Rainio, Christian Messier, Xuefei Li, Roland C. de Gouvenain, Daniel Piotto, Cristina Martínez-Garza, Christopher Baraloto, Lucy Amissah, Julia Koricheva, Rakan A. Zahawi, Mariacarmen Ruiz-Jaen, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karen D. Holl, Lourens Poorter, Catherine Potvin, Campbell O. Webb, Harald Auge, Claire Fortunel, Christopher D. Philipson, Josephine Haase, Biological and environmental sciences, University of Stirling, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Florida International University (FIU), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Gembloux Agro-BioTech, Université de Liège, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], University of Rhode Island (URI), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], University of Turku, University of Nebraska System, Université McGill, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [Cambridge], Las Cruces Biological Station, University of Oxford [Oxford], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Gibson, David
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Individual variation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Juvenile, Growth, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Leaf area, Wright, Hierarchical models, relative growth rate, Community dynamics, hierarchical models, Evapotranspiration, Size-standardized growth rate, Ecology, Biological Sciences, PE&RC, Wood, Genealogy, Functional ecology, Relative growth rate, TreeDivNet, symbols, Plant population and community dynamics, growth, Biogeographical region, Biology, functional ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Messier object, plant population and community dynamics, size-standardized growth rate, Database, symbols.namesake, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Environmental gradient, Woody plant, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Functional morphology, Growth rate, Seed, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Tree (set theory), FunDivEurope, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates. If community-level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth-trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base. We estimated size-standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed-effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together. Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR-trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales. Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer. The most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology, specific leaf area, wood density and seed mass, were only weakly associated with tree growth rates over broad scales. Assessing trait-growth relationships under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a global relationship can offer. © 2015 British Ecological Society.
Published: 2015

233. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase: a key player connecting purine, folate and methionine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Bertrand Daignan-Fornier, Benoît Pinson, Christelle Saint-Marc, Hans Caspar Hürlimann, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Transcriptional Activation, Purine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Auxotrophy, Mutant, Leucovorin, AICAR, Cross-pathway regulation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Folic Acid, Methionine, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, One-carbon units, Genetics, Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases, Histidine, Nucleotide, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Methionine synthase, Tetrahydrofolates, 030304 developmental biology, Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Nucleotides, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Serine hydroxymethyl transferase, General Medicine, Ribonucleotides, Aminoimidazole Carboxamide, Amino acid, chemistry, Biochemistry, Purines, Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, Mutation, Trans-Activators, biology.protein, Amino acids, Thymidine
Abstract: International audience; Previous genetic analyses showed phenotypic interactions between 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide 5′-phosphate (AICAR) produced from the purine and histidine pathways and methionine biosynthesis. Here, we revisited the effect of AICAR on methionine requirement due to AICAR accumulation in the presence of the fau1 mutation invalidating folinic acid remobilization. We found that this methionine auxotrophy could be suppressed by overexpression of the methionine synthase Met6 or by deletion of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene SHM2. We propose that in a fau1 background, AICAR, by stimulating the transcriptional expression of SHM2, leads to a folinic acid accumulation inhibiting methionine synthesis by Met6. In addition, we uncovered a new methionine auxotrophy for the ade3 bas1 double mutant that can be rescued by overexpressing the SHM2 gene. We propose that methionine auxotrophy in this mutant is the result of a competition for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate between methionine and deoxythymidine monophosphate synthesis. Altogether, our data show intricate genetic interactions between one-carbon units, purine and methionine metabolism through fine-tuning of serine hydroxymethyltransferase by AICAR and the transcription factor Bas1.
Published: 2015

234. Self-focusing and jet instability of a microswimmer suspension

Author: Chaouqi Misbah, Philippe Peyla, Salima Rafaï, Levan Jibuti, Ling Qi, Walter Zimmermann, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Biological Physics, Jet (fluid), Discretization, Finite difference, Reynolds number, Mechanics, Hagen–Poiseuille equation, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Suspension (chemistry), symbols.namesake, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are performed on suspensions composed of puller-like microswimmers that are sensitive to light (phototaxis) mimicking microalgae in a Poiseuille flow. Simulations are based on the numerical resolution of the flow equations at low Reynolds numbers discretized on a 3D grid (finite differences). The model reproduces the formation of a central jet of swimmers by self-focusing [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 138106 (2013)] but also predicts an instability of the jet, which leads to its fractionation in clusters. We show that this instability is due to hydrodynamic interactions between microswimmers, which attract each other along the flow direction. This effect was not observed in the experiments conducted on dilute suspensions (i.e., where hydrodynamic interactions are weak). This phenomenon is peculiar for pullers for which collective motions are usually not observed on such a time scale. With this modeling, we hope to pave the way toward a better understanding of concentration techniques of algae (a bottleneck challenge in industrial applications).
Published: 2014

235. Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies

Author: Chiara Castelli, Axel Hoos, Anna Karolina Palucka, Aitziber Buqué, Kenneth J. Pienta, Aled Clayton, Daniel E. Speiser, Jean-Pierre Mach, Klas Kärre, Richard G. Vile, Maha Ayyoub, Norma Bloy, Theresa L. Whiteside, Eli Gilboa, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Cornelis J. M. Melief, Alexander Knuth, Bruno Silva-Santos, Lisa M. Coussens, James E. Talmadge, Jean-Yves Blay, Rolf Kiessling, Lorenzo Moretta, Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Estaban Celis, Anne Caignard, Mario P. Colombo, Abhishek D. Garg, José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro, Pramod K. Srivastava, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Wolf H. Fridman, Catherine Sautès-Fridman, Eric Tartour, Fabrizio Mattei, Patrizia Agostinis, Philipp Beckhove, Laura Bracci, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Giuseppe Giaccone, Fernando Aranda, Angel Porgador, Elisa E. Baracco, Radek Spisek, Jean Pierre Abastado, Michael T. Lotze, Ron N. Apte, Federica Cavallo, Benoît Van den Eynde, Weiping Zou, François Ghiringhelli, Hans Schreiber, Jitka Fucikova, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Adekunke Odunsi, Erika Vacchelli, Roland S. Liblau, Hideho Okada, Hiroshi Shiku, Laurence Zitvogel, Pawel Kalinski, Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, George C. Prendergast, Eva Klein, Francesca Castoldi, Enrico Lugli, Jedd D. Wolchok, Anne Hosmalin, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Hermann Wagner, Mark J. Smyth, Nicholas P. Restifo, Dirk Jäger, John M. Kirkwood, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Sacha Gnjatic, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, E. A. Mittendorf, Douglas T. Fearon, Ignacio Melero, Marcus E. Peter, Jérôme Galon, Domenico Mavilio, Laura Senovilla, Claire E. Lewis, Barbara Seliger, Jeffrey S. Weber, UCL - SSS/DDUV - Institut de Duve, Apoptose, cancer et immunité (Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer - CRC - Inserm U1138), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Sotio a.c., Pole d’innovation thérapeutique en oncologie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Cancer Vaccines and Immune Regulation, Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation (A2T), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori - National Cancer Institute [Milan], Molecular Biotechnology Center, Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Augusta University, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), MRC Human Immunology Unit, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Department of Oncology - Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska [Karolinska Institutet] (CCK), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University, Velindre Cancer Centre, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Sect. of Hematology and Immunobiology,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University [New Haven], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, Cold Spring Harbor, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Glaxo Smith Kline, Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburg, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute-University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Dept. of Oncology, Karolinska Institute Hospital, Cancer Institute Laboratory, Academic Unit of Inflammation and Tumour Targeting, Dept. of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Institut de Biochimie, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Dept. of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Dept. of Immunology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], ISA Therapeutics, Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Research Dept. of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Center for Immunotherapy [Buffalo], Roswell Park Cancer Institute [Buffalo] (RPCI), Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Div. of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU)-Faculty of Health Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Thomas Jefferson University-Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University)-Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental [Buenos Aires] (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Dept. of Pathology, The Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Dept. of Immunology, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'immunologie biologique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Dept. of Clinical Oncology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept. of Medicine and Ludwig Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biotherapie des cancers (CIC 1428 , CBT 507 ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Pôle de biologie, GK is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer(équipe labelisée), Agence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR), Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), Cancéropôle Ile-de-France, Institut National du Cancer(INCa), Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller, Fondation deFrance, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), theEuropean Commission (ArtForce), the European ResearchCouncil (ERC), the LabEx Immuno-Oncology, the SIRICStratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor ImmuneElimination (SOCRATE), the SIRIC Cancer Researchand Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), and the ParisAlliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI). MPC issupported by Association for Cancer Research (AIRC). SGis supported by Cancer Vaccine Collaborative and CancerResearch Institute. MJS is supported by the NationalHealth and Medical Research Council of Australia, the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, andthe Susan G Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. FM issupported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Georgetown University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Milan, Roswell Park Cancer Institute [Buffalo], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Bos, Mireille, Apoptose, cancer et immunité ( Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer - CRC - Inserm U1138 ), Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Catholic University of Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest - Nantes ( ICO Nantes ), CRLCC Paul Papin-CRLCC René Gauducheau, Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), German Cancer Research Center, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation ( A2T ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Università degli studi di Torino ( UNITO ), Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Cancer Center Karolinska [Karolinska Institutet] ( CCK ), Oregon Health & Science University [Portland] ( OHSU ), Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Charles University, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), University of Miami, Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cancer Institute-University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan ( CPTP ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Center for Immunotherapy, University of California [San Francisco] ( UCSF ), The Jackson Laboratory for Genomics Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ( BGU ) -Faculty of Health Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ( MSKCC ), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), University of Lausanne, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire ( PARCC - U970 ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Technical University of Munich ( TUM ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biotherapie des cancers ( CIC 1428 , CBT 507 ), Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie ( UMR 1015 ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: immunostimulatory cytokines, medicine.medical_treatment, Review, Bioinformatics, DNA-based vaccines, Efficacy, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer immunotherapy, Neoplasms, peptide-based vaccines, 0303 health sciences, Patología, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1 [https], CANCER, 3. Good health, Medicina Básica, Oncology, checkpoint blockers, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, QR180, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], Immunotherapy, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, medicine.drug_class, Inmunología, adoptive cell transfer, dendritic cell-based interventions, oncolytic viruses, Toll-like receptor agonists, Monoclonal antibody, RC0254, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Antigen, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, IMMUNOTHERAPIES, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, R1, Oncolytic virus, Immunology, business
Abstract: © 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited., During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into "passive" and "active" based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.
Published: 2014

236. Compartmentation of energy metabolism in atrial myocardium of patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Author: Frank N. Gellerich, Enn Seppet, Mati Ress, Ehte Orlova, Stephan Zierz, Nadezhda Peet, Kalju Paju, Valdur A. Saks, Evelin Seppet, Margus Eimre, Sirje Kõvask, Andres Piirsoo, Hamant, Sarah, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Muskellabor der Neurologischen Klinik, and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Male, Cytoplasm, Time Factors, ATPase, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Clinical Biochemistry, MESH: Adenine Nucleotides, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Mitochondrion, Mitochondria, Heart, Oxidative Phosphorylation, MESH: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Adenosine Triphosphate, 0302 clinical medicine, Adenine nucleotide, MESH: Adenosine Triphosphate, MESH: Microscopy, Confocal, MESH: Adenosine Monophosphate, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, Phosphorylation, Creatine Kinase, Heart metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphatases, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, MESH: Creatine Kinase, MESH: Kinetics, Adenine Nucleotides, Respiration, MESH: Energy Metabolism, Thoracic Surgery, MESH: Glutamic Acid, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Adenosine Diphosphate, MESH: Adenylate Kinase, Spectrophotometry, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, MESH: Pyruvate Kinase, Female, MESH: Mitochondria, Heart, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Myocardium, MESH: Mitochondria, Pyruvate Kinase, Glutamic Acid, Adenylate kinase, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, MESH: Succinates, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biology, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, MESH: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Internal medicine, MESH: Adenosine Triphosphatases, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Heart Atria, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Respiration, MESH: Humans, MESH: Spectrophotometry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, MESH: Adenosine Diphosphate, MESH: Phosphorylation, Myocardium, MESH: Cytoplasm, Adenylate Kinase, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Models, Biological, Succinates, MESH: Adult, Cell Biology, Adenosine Monophosphate, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Kinetics, Microscopy, Electron, Endocrinology, biology.protein, MESH: Heart Atria, Creatine kinase, Energy Metabolism, MESH: Female, MESH: Thoracic Surgery, Pyruvate kinase
Abstract: International audience; The parameters of oxidative phosphorylation and its interaction with creatine kinase (CK)- and adenylate kinase (AK)-phosphotransfer networks in situ were studied in skinned atrial fibers from 59 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, valve replacement/correction and atrial septal defect correction. In atria, the mitochondrial CK and AK are effectively coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, the MM-CK is coupled to ATPases and there exists a direct transfer of adenine nucleotides between mitochondria and ATPases. Elimination of cytoplasmic ADP with exogenous pyruvate kinase was not associated with a blockade of the stimulatory effects of creatine and AMP on respiration, neither could it abolish the coupling of MM-CK to ATPases and direct transfer of adenine nucleotides. Thus, atrial energy metabolism is compartmentalized so that mitochondria form functional complexes with adjacent ATPases. These complexes isolate a part of cellular adenine nucleotides from their cytoplasmic pool for participating in energy transfer via CK- and AK-networks, and/or direct exchange. Compared to atria in sinus rhythm, the fibrillating atria were larger and exhibited increased succinate-dependent respiration relative to glutamate-dependent respiration and augmented proton leak. Thus, alterations in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may contribute to pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation.
Published: 2005

237. Ionic conductivity, glass transition, and local free volume in poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes: Single and mixed ion conductors

Author: Mahbubul Alam, D. Bamford, A. Reiche, Fannie Alloin, Jean-Yves Sanchez, Günter Dlubek, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute for Innovative Technologies (ITA)
Subjects: Materials science, positron annihilation, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric temperature range, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Dissociation (chemistry), Thermal expansion, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, polymer electrolytes, Differential scanning calorimetry, Polymer chemistry, ionic conductivity, Ionic conductivity, glass transition, differential scanning calorimetry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract: International audience; Ethylene oxide based polymer electrolytes which exhibit single-ion (cation Li+ or anion ClO4) and mixed ion (from the dissociation of LiClO4 salt) conduction were studied by employing positron lifetime annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and conductivity (σ) measurements in the temperature range between 170 and 370 K. We present experimental evidence for the validity of (i) the linear expansion of local free volume from PALS, (ii) the VogelTammannFulcher (VTF) law for σ, and (iii) the CohenTurnbull equation that relates σ to the local free volume. These were found to be valid in the temperature range above the end (or freezing) temperature of the glass transition, Tge ≈ 1.06TgPALS ≈ 1.18TgDSC [TgPALS and TgDSC are the Tg's from PALS and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively]. From VTF fits to σ we obtained a Vogel temperature of T0 ≈ TgDSC and pseudoactivations energies of B = 3.75.7 kJ/mol. These parameters disagree with many data published in the literature but are in perfect agreement with the free volume experiments. Moreover, we found T0 = TgPALS (2028) K and TgDSC = TgPALS (2527) K. Indications for the existence of two relaxation processes near Tg were observed in the free volume expansion curves, which were attributed to the motion of free polymer segments and those interacting with ions. The discrepancy between TgDSC and TgPALS can be attributed to the two-phase microseparation of the polymer electrolytes; DSC responds mainly to the polymer segments in the ion-depleted regions while PALS responds to the polymer segments in the ion-rich regions. From the CohenTurnbull plots the critical hole volume required for an elementary jump of an ion was estimated to be γν* ≈ 1 nm3 and was found to be independent of the type of ion. This shows that each type of ionic conductivity is associated with the same segmental mobility. Below TgePALS the conductivity is larger than expected from the (extrapolated) VTF law, but smaller than displayed in the frozen-in free volume.
Published: 2003

238. Les républicains de Thermidor, ou produire du nouveau sans « homme nouveau »

Author: Ayşe Yuva, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Centre Marc Bloch (CMB), and Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, vulgarity, Destutt de Tracy, Germaine de Staël, Philosophy, Lakanal, Daunou, 16. Peace & justice, Révolution, régénération, perfectibility, dépravation, Benjamin Constant, vulgarité, rénovation, depravity, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Humanities, perfectibilité
Abstract: International audience; To the republican authors of the Thermidorian regime, the unique character, in French history, of a political regime such as the republic does not imply the instant regeneration of man thanks to the political institutions. If a transformation occurs in a human being, this does not consenquently mean that the latter will become a “new man”. This article sets the boundaries of the perimeter of this non-revolutionary novelty, which lies between the corrupted Ancien Regime and the depravation or vulgarity that result from the French Revolution. Although it is produced by the politic through laws, the public instruction or the republican authors, the moral and intellectual novelty does not depend only on governmental action. The forming of minds implies the prior existence of science of man, even though it is in becoming. This history of science does not reflect the political history but can be conceived similarly in terms of scientific renovation on the long run or the construction of a new republican literature. By doing so, this article shows the imbrications but also the autonomy of scientific, moral and political novelty.; Le caractère inédit, dans l’histoire de France, d’un régime tel que la République ne suppose pas, chez les Thermidoriens, une régénération instantanée de l’homme par le biais des institutions politiques ou de l’événement révolutionnaire. Si du nouveau doit apparaître en l’homme, celui-ci ne deviendra pas pour autant un « homme nouveau ». Cet article délimite le périmètre de cette nouveauté non révolutionnaire, qui se situe entre la corruption de l’Ancien Régime et la dépravation ou la « vulgarité » occasionnées par la Révolution française. Tout en étant produite par des moyens politiques, la nouveauté spirituelle, morale et intellectuelle ne dépend pas de la seule action du gouvernement. La formation des esprits suppose l’existence de sciences de l’homme, pourtant encore en construction. Cette histoire des sciences n’est pas un reflet de l’histoire politique, mais se conçoit de façon similaire en termes de « rénovation » scientifique sur le long terme ou de construction d’une littérature républicaine nouvelle. Ce faisant, cet article montre l’imbrication, mais aussi l’autonomie des nouveautés scientifique, morale et politique.
Published: 2014

239. Wurtzite structure in ultrathin ZnO films on Fe(110): Surface x-ray diffraction andab initiocalculations

Author: Waheed A. Adeagbo, N. Jedrecy, Arthur Ernst, H. L. Meyerheim, K. Mohseni, Igor V. Maznichenko, A. Morgante, Jürgen Kirschner, Christian Tusche, Wolfram Hergert, Ingrid Mertig, Germán R. Castro, Juan Rubio-Zuazo, German Research Foundation, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Laboratorio Nazionale TASC-INFM, ELETTRA SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DFG [SFB 762], H. L., Meyerheim, A., Ernst, K., Mohseni, C., Tusche, W. A., Adeagbo, I. V., Maznichenko, W., Hergert, G. R., Castro, J., Rubio Zuazo, Morgante, Alberto, N., Jedrecy, I., Mertig, J., Kirschner, and Università degli studi di Trieste
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Surface Structure, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, Metal, depolarization, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Ultra thin films, Wurtzite crystal structure, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, polar surface, Semiconductor, visual_art, X-ray crystallography, polar surfaces, ionic crystal, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, business, POLAR SURFACES
Abstract: Using surface x-ray diffraction in combination with ab initio calculations we have studied the atomic structure of ultra-thin ZnO films deposited on Fe(110). In contrast to expectation that ZnO adopts the “graphitic” hexagonal Boron-nitride structure to the Wurtzite (WZ) structure is observed. Its formation is related to oxygen impurities in Fe(110) hollow sites inducing an anisotropic charge redistribution within the film which is characterized by a metallic surface. Our results provide a deeper understanding of depolarization mechanisms in ultrathin polar films at the atomic scale., This work is supported by the DFG.
Published: 2014

240. The deep rhizosphere: an underestimated component of long-term organic matter dynamics

Author: Göckede, M., Peth, Stephan, Huguet, Arnaud, Derenne, Sylvie, Anquetil, christelle, Dignac, Marie-France, Rumpel, Cornelia, Bardoux, Gérard, Wiesenberg, Guido, Department of Geography, Soil Science and Biogeochemistry, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Soil Science, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: GEOF, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: The deep rhizosphere: an underestimated component of long-term organic matter dynamics. 8th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior: Biogeomon 2014
Published: 2014

241. Non-invasive localization of organic matter in soil aggregates using SR-μCT

Author: Peth, Stephan, Mordhorst, Anneka, Chenu, Claire, Uteau Puschmann, Daniel, Garnier, Patricia, Nunan, Naoise, Pot-Genty, Valerie, Beckmann, Felix, Ogurreck, Malte, Soil Science, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Geosciences Union (EGU). Vienne, AUT.
Subjects: Soil organic matter, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science
Abstract: Non-invasive localization of organic matter in soil aggregates using SR-μCT. EGU 2014, European Geosciences Union General Assemby
Published: 2014

242. Deadenylation of mRNA by the CCR4-NOT complex in Drosophila: molecular and developmental aspects

Author: Martine Simonelig, Claudia Temme, Elmar Wahle, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:QH426-470, Polyadenylation, Protein subunit, RNA-binding protein, Context (language use), poly(A) tail, Review Article, Biology, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mRNA decay, microRNA, CCR4-NOT complex, Genetics, development, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, AU-rich element, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, translational control, deadenylation, Cell biology, lcsh:Genetics, Molecular Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Controlled shortening of the poly(A) tail of mRNAs is the first step in eukaryotic mRNA decay and can also be used for translational inactivation of mRNAs. The CCR4-NOT complex is the most important among a small number of deadenylases, enzymes catalyzing poly(A) tail shortening. Rates of poly(A) shortening differ between mRNAs as the CCR4-NOT complex is recruited to specific mRNAs by means of either sequence-specific RNA binding proteins or miRNAs. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the subunit composition and deadenylation activity of the Drosophila CCR4-NOT complex and the mechanisms by which the complex is recruited to particular mRNAs. We discuss genetic data implicating the complex in the regulation of specific mRNAs, in particular in the context of development.
Published: 2014

243. Lentiviral Nef suppresses iron uptake in a strain specific manner through inhibition of Transferrin endocytosis

Author: Miriam Widder, Kristin Höhne, Swantje Gundlach, François-Xavier Gobert, Michael Winkler, Frank Kirchhoff, Anke Heigele, Philippe Benaroch, Michael Schindler, Marcos Vinícius Pereira Gondim, Herwig Koppensteiner, Institute of Virology, German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Immunité et cancer (U932), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Current address: Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Internal Medicine IV, Institute of Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Grant of the German Research Foundation (DFG) to MS (SCHI 1073/2-1)., Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), BMC, Ed., German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Immunité et cancer ( U932 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Ulm University Medical Center, and German Primate Center
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, viruses, Iron, Transferrin receptor, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Endocytosis, HIV, SIV, Nef, Iron homeostasis, AIDS, Lentiviral replication, Macrophages, Gene Products, nef, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Receptors, Transferrin, medicine, Animals, Internalization, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Research, Simian immunodeficiency virus, Transferrin, CD28, virus diseases, Haplorhini, 3. Good health, Cell biology, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Viral replication, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Intracellular
Abstract: Background Increased cellular iron levels are associated with high mortality in HIV-1 infection. Moreover iron is an important cofactor for viral replication, raising the question whether highly divergent lentiviruses actively modulate iron homeostasis. Here, we evaluated the effect on cellular iron uptake upon expression of the accessory protein Nef from different lentiviral strains. Results Surface Transferrin receptor (TfR) levels are unaffected by Nef proteins of HIV-1 and its simian precursors but elevated in cells expressing Nefs from most other primate lentiviruses due to reduced TfR internalization. The SIV Nef-mediated reduction of TfR endocytosis is dependent on an N-terminal AP2 binding motif that is not required for downmodulation of CD4, CD28, CD3 or MHCI. Importantly, SIV Nef-induced inhibition of TfR endocytosis leads to the reduction of Transferrin uptake and intracellular iron concentration and is accompanied by attenuated lentiviral replication in macrophages. Conclusion Inhibition of Transferrin and thereby iron uptake by SIV Nef might limit viral replication in myeloid cells. Furthermore, this new SIV Nef function could represent a virus-host adaptation that evolved in natural SIV-infected monkeys.
Published: 2014

244. Long-term changes in calcareous grassland vegetation in North-western Germany – No decline in species richness, but a shift in species composition

Author: David J. G. Gowing, Emmanuel Corcket, Carly J. Stevens, Ute Jandt, Martin Diekmann, Didier Alard, Cecilia Dupré, Albert Bleeker, University of Bremen, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Open University, Lancaster Environment Centre, and Lancaster University
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Calcareous grassland, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Detrended correspondence analysis, Altitude, Ellenberg indicator values, Bromion erecti grasslands, Leaf anatomy, Management, Nitrogen deposition, Phosphorus availability, Environmental science, Indicator value, Species richness, Calcareous, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; We aimed to answer the question of whether the species richness and composition of calcareous grasslands in North-western Germany had changed over the last 70 years as a result of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. In total, 1186 plots of Festuco-Brometea (alliance Bromion erecti) grasslands from the sub-oceanic regions of the country were compiled (1061 plots from literature sources spanning a time period from 1936 to 1996, 125 new plots from 2008). Environmental descriptors recorded for each plot included geographic coordinates, altitude, heat index (combining slope and aspect), mean Ellenberg indicator values for light, soil moisture, soil pH and soil N, and cumulative N deposition (the latter being highly positively correlated with the year of sampling). In a Detrended Correspondence Analysis, the sample plot scores along axis one were highly correlated with the mean Ellenberg N-values, those along axis two were significantly affected by the year of sampling. In a general linear model, species richness of vascular plants showed a markedly hump-shaped relationship with mean Ellenberg N-value, whereas it was weakly affected by year (cumulative N load). Species with a significant negative trend over time were more often (than expected by chance) habitat specialists of dry grasslands, small, light-demanding and winter-green or evergreen with smaller seeds and scleromorphic leaves. In contrast to what has been found for acidic grasslands, N deposition in calcareous grasslands did not result in a decline in species richness, most likely because calcareous grasslands are water- and phosphorus-limited, and are well-buffered in terms of soil pH. To prevent a further change in species composition towards more mesophytic communities, grassland management by the site managers needs to be intensified.
Published: 2014

245. Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a Key Epigenetic Player in the Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Author: Guilherme Oliveira, Wolfgang Sippl, Jean Cavarelli, Manfred Jung, Luiza F. Andrade, Marina de Moraes Mourão, Christophe Romier, Martin Marek, Julien Lancelot, Jean-Paul Renaud, Karin Schmidtkunz, Srinivasaraghavan Kannan, Stéphanie Caby, Alexander-Thomas Hauser, Diana A. Stolfa, V. Cura, Raymond J. Pierce, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Romier, Christophe, and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Protein Folding, [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Immunology, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology, Histone Deacetylases, Protein Structure, Secondary, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Genetics, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Histone deacetylase 5, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], HDAC11, Histone deacetylase 2, HDAC10, HDAC8, Helminth Proteins, Schistosoma mansoni, Epigenome, biology.organism_classification, Enzyme structure, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, lcsh:Biology (General), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Parasitology, lcsh:RC581-607, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Research Article
Abstract: The treatment of schistosomiasis, a disease caused by blood flukes parasites of the Schistosoma genus, depends on the intensive use of a single drug, praziquantel, which increases the likelihood of the development of drug-resistant parasite strains and renders the search for new drugs a strategic priority. Currently, inhibitors of human epigenetic enzymes are actively investigated as novel anti-cancer drugs and have the potential to be used as new anti-parasitic agents. Here, we report that Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8), the most expressed class I HDAC isotype in this organism, is a functional acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase that plays an important role in parasite infectivity. The crystal structure of smHDAC8 shows that this enzyme adopts a canonical α/β HDAC fold, with specific solvent exposed loops corresponding to insertions in the schistosome HDAC8 sequence. Importantly, structures of smHDAC8 in complex with generic HDAC inhibitors revealed specific structural changes in the smHDAC8 active site that cannot be accommodated by human HDACs. Using a structure-based approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that build on these specificities. These molecules exhibit an inhibitory effect on smHDAC8 but show reduced affinity for human HDACs. Crucially, we show that a newly identified smHDAC8 inhibitor has the capacity to induce apoptosis and mortality in schistosomes. Taken together, our biological and structural findings define the framework for the rational design of small-molecule inhibitors specifically interfering with schistosome epigenetic mechanisms, and further support an anti-parasitic epigenome targeting strategy to treat neglected diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens., Author Summary Schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. Its treatment currently depends on a single drug, praziquantel, with reports of drug-resistant parasites. Human epigenetic enzymes, in particular histone deacetylases (HDACs), are predominantly attractive inhibitory targets for anti-cancer therapies. Validated scaffolds against these enzymes could also be used as leads in the search for novel specific drugs against schistosomiasis. In our study, we show that Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) is a functional acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase that plays an important role in parasite infectivity and is therefore a relevant target for drug discovery. The determination of the atomic structures of smHDAC8 in complex with generic HDAC inhibitors revealed that the architecture of the smHDAC8 active site pocket differed significantly from its human counterparts and provided a framework for the development of inhibitors selectively interfering with schistosome epigenetic mechanisms. In agreement, this information enabled us to identify several small-molecule scaffolds that possess specific inhibitory effects on smHDAC8 and cause mortality in schistosomes. Our results provide the proof of concept that targeting epigenetic enzymes is a valid approach to treat neglected diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens.
Published: 2013

246. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author: Julia Koricheva, Leena Finér, Hervé Jactel, Martin Hermy, Daniel Avacariei, Ewa Chećko, Andy Hector, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, David Coomess, Gabriel Duduman, Mario Liebergesell, Harriet Milligan, Hans De Wandeler, Wim de Vries, Marc Deconchat, Manfred J. Lexer, Adam Benneter, Johanna Boberg, Virginie Guyot, Arthur Gessler, Helge Bruelheide, Martina Pollastrini, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Teresa E. Gimeno, Eric Allan, Wolfgang Braggernann, Sigrid Berger, Andrea Coppi, Liviu Nichiforel, Diem Nguyen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Sonia G. Rabasa, Evy Ampoorter, Lars Vesterdal, Bart Muys, Ionu Barnoaiea, Carsten Beinhoff, Christian Wirth, Sophia Ratcliffe, Stephan Haettenschwiler, Raphaël Proulx, Charlotte Grossiord, Kris Verheyen, Damien Bonal, Lander Baeten, V. Holland, François-Xavier Joly, Markus Fischer, Ian Seiferling, Dawid Zielinski, Bastien Castagneyrol, Harald Auge, Raquel Benavides, Felix Berthold, Tommaso Jucker, Kalliopi Radoglou, Filippo Bussotti, Klaus von Wilpert, Federico Selvi, Cristina C. Bastias, Eleftheria Dalmaris, Fernando Valladaresh, André Granier, Seid Muhie Dawud, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Yohan Charbonnier, Monique Carnol, Simon Kolb, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Gabriel Danila, Timo Domisch, Lydia Hantsch, Jan Stenlid, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Dept. of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Finnish Forest Research Institute, University of Warsaw (UW), University of Bern, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department for Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Plant Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 265171], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Albert Ludwigs University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, services, productivity, stands, consequences, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multidiversity, biodiversity loss, Forest ecology, Forest plot, ecosystem function, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem diversity, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sustainable Soil Use, WIMEK, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Species diversity, FunDivEUROPE, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), Environmental Systems Analysis, Milieusysteemanalyse, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Multifunctionality, Ecosystem functioning, Species evenness, evenness, Species richness, business, Tree species diversity, richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, temperate
Abstract: Lander Baeten [et al.], One of the current advances in functional biodiversity research is the move away from short-lived test systems towards the exploration of diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in structurally more complex ecosystems. In forests, assumptions about the functional significance of tree species diversity have only recently produced a new generation of research on ecosystem processes and services. Novel experimental designs have now replaced traditional forestry trials, but these comparatively young experimental plots suffer from specific difficulties that are mainly related to the tree size and longevity. Tree species diversity experiments therefore need to be complemented with comparative observational studies in existing forests. Here we present the design and implementation of a new network of forest plots along tree species diversity gradients in six major European forest types: the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform. Based on a review of the deficiencies of existing observational approaches and of unresolved research questions and hypotheses, we discuss the fundamental criteria that shaped the design of our platform. Key features include the extent of the species diversity gradient with mixtures up to five species, strict avoidance of a dilution gradient, special attention to community evenness and minimal covariation with other environmental factors. The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient. © 2013 Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics., AcknowledgementsThe research leading to these results has received fund-ing from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n◦265171.
Published: 2013

247. Multidimensional characterization of a,w-telechelic poly(-caprolactone)s via online coupling of 2D chromatographic methods (LC/SEC) and ESI-TOF/MALDI-TOF-MS

Author: Wolfgang H. Binder, Bo Liu, Elena Ostas, Haitham Barqawi, Jean-François Carpentier, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Alkyne, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Materials Chemistry, Azide, 0210 nano-technology, Caprolactone
Abstract: International audience; The focus of the current study is the development of chromatographic methods to understand the endgroup modification of poly(ε-caprolactones) (pCLs) prepared via azide/alkyne "click" chemistry. In order to prove the efficiency of the "click" reaction with increasing molar mass of the pCLs, a detailed characterization method via several multidimensional chromatographic techniques (2D LC/SEC, coupled to mass spectrometry) was developed. In particular, we have investigated the separation of low molar mass pCLs (Mn ≤ 35 000 g*mol−1) using a gradient elution chromatographic method (eluent: ACN/THF) monitoring the end-group functionalization of the separated polymers online via ESI-TOF and/or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the latter coupled via a transfer module sprayer (TM sprayer). Because of the poor solubility of high molar mass pCLs (Mn above 35 000 g*mol−1), a second chromatographic method was employed, enabling the separation of end-group-functionalized pCLs up to a molar mass of 115 400 g*mol−1. Based on the critical solution conditions of the polymers, different solvent compositions and chromatographic columns were investigated in an isocratic mode to determine the critical conditions of α,ω-dihydroxy-telechelic pCLs. Finally, the critical conditions were optimized on a silica gel modified aminopropyl column (NUC-NH2) using a solvent mixture ratio of DCM/THF of 92/8 at 35 °C. A combination of the developed LCCC methods with SEC revealed the chemical composition as well as the molar mass of all of the modified pCLs, from the low molar mass polymers up to Mn = 115 400 g*mol−1.
Published: 2012

248. Maurice: Hybridation codique en milieu scolaire et en milieu rural

Author: Kriegel, Sibylle, Ludwig, Ralph, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: language ecology, copie, French, hybridation codique, code switching, français, Maurician creole, code hybridization, alternance codique, écologie des langues, anglais, conventionnalisation, English, conventionnalization, Creole languages, créole mauricien, bhojpouri, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Bhojpuri, Indian Ocean, langues créoles, océan Indien, copy
Abstract: International audience; Cette contribution développe trois continuums pour mieux décrire des phénomènes d'hybridation codique et les illustre par l'analyse de deux corpus en interaction enregistrés à l'Ile Maurice en contexte rural et en contexte urbain.
Published: 2012

249. Konvergenz im Kreol. Grundlagen und Anwendung in den Kreolsprachen

Author: Kriegel, Sibylle, Ludwig, Ralph, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU)
Subjects: Konvergenz, perceived similarity, Sprachkontakt, convergence, Kreol, creole, congruence, Kongruenz, language contact, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; Dieser Vortrag zieht eine Bilanz zum Begriff der Konvergenz in verschiedenen Disziplinen der Linguistik, um eine fuer die Kreolsprachen und allgemein fuer die Sprachkontaktforschung neuen Begriff vorzuschlagen.; Cette contribution fait le bilan des différentes acceptions de la notion de convergence dans plusieurs sous-disciplines de la linguistique. Elle essaie de propose une définition ffédératrice basé sur les études créoles et la linguistique de contact.
Published: 2012

250. Technical Note: n-Alkane lipid biomarkers in loess: post-sedimentary or syn-sedimentary?

Author: Sebastian Kreutzer, Markus Fuchs, Tomasz Goslar, Tobias Krause, Michael Zech, Sascha Meszner, Dominik Faust, Department of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Universität Bayreuth, Geographical Institute, Geomorphology, University of Bayreuth, Terrestrial Biogeosciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Department of Geography [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, and Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Optically stimulated luminescence, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Technical note, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, 13. Climate action, law, Loess, Paleoclimatology, Sedimentary rock, Radiocarbon dating, Lipid biomarkers, Geology, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: There is an ongoing discussion whether n-alkane biomarkers – and organic matter (OM) from loess in general – reflect a syn-sedimentary paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate signal or whether they are significantly a post-sedimentary feature contaminated by root-derived OM. We present first radiocarbon data for the n-alkane fraction of lipid extracts and for the first time luminescence ages for the Middle to Late Weichselian loess-paleosol sequence of Gleina in Saxony, Germany. Comparison of these biomarker ages with sedimentation ages as assessed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating shows that one n-alkane sample features a syn-sedimentary age (14C: 29.2 ± 1.4 kyr cal BP versus OSL: 27.3 ± 3.0 kyr). By contrast, the 14C ages derived from the other n-alkane samples are clearly younger (20.3 ± 0.7 kyr cal BP, 22.1 ± 0.7 kyr cal BP and 29.8 ± 1.4 kyr cal BP) than the corresponding OSL ages (26.6 ± 3.1 kyr, 32.0 ± 3.5 kyr and 45.6 ± 5.3 kyr). This finding suggests that a post-sedimentary n-alkane contamination presumably by roots has occurred. In order to estimate the post-sedimentary n-alkane contamination more quantitatively, we applied a 14C mass balance calculation based on the measured pMC (percent modern carbon) values, the calculated syn-sedimentary pMC values and pMC values suspected to reflect likely time points of post-sedimentary contamination (current, modern, 3 kyr, 6 kyr and 9 kyr). Accordingly, current and modern root-contamination would account for up to 7%, a 3 kyr old root-contamination for up to 10%, and an Early and Middle Holocene root-contamination for up to 20% of the total sedimentary n-alkane pool. We acknowledge and encourage that these first radiocarbon results need further confirmation both from other loess-paleosol sequences and for different biomarkers, e.g. carboxylic acids or alcohols as further lipid biomarkers.
Published: 2012

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