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هدفت الدراسة الحالية الكشف عن مستوى ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس بأقسام العلوم لكليتي التربية (عدن وصبر) بجامعة عدن لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي من وجهة نظرهم، استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي نظراً لملائمته لتحقيق هدف الدراسة، تمثلت أداة الدراسة في استبيان تكون من (45) فقرة موزعة على خمسة محاور (استراتيجية التقويم المعتمد على الأداء، استراتيجية التقويم بالورقة والقلم، استراتيجية التقويم بالملاحظة، استراتيجية التقويم بالتواصل، استراتيجية مراجعة الذات)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (60) فرداً من أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية بكليتي التربية عدن وصبر. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن النسبة المئوية لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بأقسام العلوم في كليتي التربية (عدن وصبر) الذين لديهم معرفة سابقة باستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وأدواته بلغت 45.0%، وأن المتوسط العام لمستوى ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي بشكل عام جاء متوسطاً، كذلك الأمر بالنسبة لمتوسط ممارسة استراتيجية التقويم المعتمد على الاداء، والتقويم بالملاحظة، والتقويم بالتواصل، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فإن متوسط مستوى ممارسة استراتيجية التقويم بالورقة والقلم وحدها كان كبيرا، أما متوسط ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس لاستراتيجية مراجعة الذات، فقد حصل على مستوى ضعيف. كما اشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن 18.3% من أعضاء هيئة التدريس، حضروا دورات تدريبية في استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وأدواته. وأنه لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائياً بين متوسطات تقديرات افراد العينة لمستوى ممارستهم لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي تعزى لمتغيرات: الخبرة، والمؤهل العلمي، ونوع الكلية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة اوصت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات كان من أبرزها الاهتمام بتدريب اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية على استخدام استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وادواته.

Background Combination drug therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is beneficial to selected patients and recommended by guidelines. Patterns of real-world LUTS drug use, especially combination drug therapy, have not been studied extensively. Moreover, further understanding of the recent landscape is required following the introduction of the beta-3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron in the UK in 2013 for overactive bladder (OAB). The objective was to describe mono- and combination drug therapy use for LUTS in patients in UK clinical practice. Methods This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational database study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and linked databases. Men and women ≥ 18 years with a first prescription for any LUTS drug from 2014 to 2016 with ≥ 12 months continuous enrollment pre- and post-index date were included. Primary endpoints were mono- or combination drug therapy use for LUTS in male and female cohorts. Secondary endpoints were description of treatment prescribed, treatment persistence and patient demographics. Data were analyzed descriptively. Sub-cohorts were defined by drugs prescribed at index date. Results 79,472 patients (61.3% male) were included, based on index treatments. Of all men, 82.5% received any benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) drug, 25.4% any OAB drug, and 7.9% any BPO drug plus any OAB drug. As either mono- or combination drug therapy, 77.1% received an alpha-blocker, 18.9% a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, 23.9% an antimuscarinic agent, and 2.1% mirabegron. Of all women, 94.5% received any OAB drug, 6.0% duloxetine, and 0.5% any OAB drug plus duloxetine. As either mono- or combination drug therapy, 87.7% received an antimuscarinic, and 9.7% mirabegron. In men or women receiving OAB treatment, approximately 2.5% received combination drug therapy with an antimuscarinic agent and mirabegron. For OAB drug monotherapies, mirabegron had the highest persistence in both male and female cohorts. Conclusions This study provides a better understanding of the recent landscape of LUTS drug use in UK clinical practice. It highlights potential undertreatment of storage symptoms in men with LUTS and the low use of combination OAB treatments.

Those who have suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI) often develop behavioural, affective, and cognitive complications. Some might experience episodes of involuntary and/or exaggerated laughter and crying. This condition is commonly known as ‘pseudobulbar affect’(PBA) and leads to anger, frustration, and social disability. This case report presents the use of low-dose Escitalopram in an individual suffering from agitation and PBA following severe TBI (sTBI). It emphasises the importance of adopting a holistic approach in the treatment of such individuals with appropriate attention paid to factors such as cognitive and behavioural impairment, and caregiver distress. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, antidepressants, agitation, pseudobulbar affect, involuntary emotional expression disorder.

Many therapeutic bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are in clinical trials. A modular and efficient process to create BiTEs would accelerate their development and clinical applicability. In this study, we present the design, production, and functional activity of a novel bispecific format utilizing synthetic orthogonal heterodimers to form a multichain modular design. Further addition of an immunoglobulin hinge region allowed a stable covalent linkage between the heterodimers. As proof-of-concept, we utilized CD33 and CD3 binding scFvs to engage leukemia cells and T-cells respectively. We provide evidence that this novel bispecific T-cell engager (termed IgGlue-BiTE) could bind both CD3 + and CD33 + cells and facilitates robust T-cell mediated cytotoxicity on AML cellsin vitro. In a mouse model of minimal residual disease, we showed that the novel IgGlue-BiTE greatly extended survival, and mice of this treatment group were free of leukemia in the bone marrow. These findings suggest that the IgGlue-BiTE allows for robust simultaneous engagement with both antigens of interest in a manner conducive to T cell cytotoxicity against AML. These results suggest a compelling modular system for bispecific antibodies, as the CD3- and CD33-binding domains can be readily swapped with domains binding to other cancer- or immune cell-specific antigens.

The reliability and service life of power cables is closely related to the cable ampacity and temperature rise in the power cable. In a conductor carries AC current, complex processes may appear, which directly affect the temperature of the conductor surface. So, to keep a conductor in a good state, it is necessary to maintain the conductor temperature in a acceptable value. In this paper, a procedure for measuring the temperature of conductor surface and the corresponding numerical processing of measurement results has been presented. The measurement of the temperature probe characteristics and the temperature measurement on the surface of the conductor, both required the use of certain numerical methods, such as interpolation and fitting of the measured values in time diagrams. The procedure was applied to three copper conductors with different cross section area and one aluminum conductor and the final results are presented graphically, in the form of time diagrams.

Due to the inherent environmental and health toxicities associated with lead, the use of environmental friendly lead-free solder materials has become an unavoidable trend in the electronic packaging industry. Sn-58Bi alloy is gaining attention for its good material properties such as low melting point, reliability and high tensile strength. The presence of the bismuth-rich phase increases the brittleness of Sn-58Bi alloy. The purpose of this study is to suppress the brittleness of Sn-58Bi alloy by the addition of different wt% (0, 10, 20, 30) of Sn powder. The powder metallurgy method was used to prepare the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were done to study the structural properties and a tensile test was done by a universal tensile machine to study the mechanical properties. The results reveal that the Sn particles partially dissolved in the Sn-58Bi solder matrix. The dissolution of Sn particles significantly improved the mechanical strength by 30%, suppressed the brittleness and improved the strain value by 1.3 times.

Background Bladder anticholinergics are the most widely used drugs to treat overactive bladder (OAB) but can contribute to cumulative anticholinergic burden, which may be associated with adverse outcomes. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative anticholinergic burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs in older adults with OAB. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective, observational study that used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database. Participants were aged ≥ 65 years with ≥ 3 years of continuous enrolment before and ≥ 2 years after the index date (date of OAB diagnosis or first prescription for any OAB drug between 1 April 2007 and 31 December 2015). The primary endpoint was the association between cumulative anticholinergic burden (assessed using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden [ACB] scale during the 3-year pre-index period) and HRU (GP consultations, specialist referrals, urological tests, hospital admissions) over the 2-year post-index period. Results Data from 23,561 adults were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) ACB scores in the pre- and post-index periods were 1.0 (1.1) and 2.4 (1.7), respectively; urological drugs contributed most (58.8%) to the latter. For the primary endpoint, higher pre-index ACB scores were associated with higher post-index HRU and costs. Mean (SD) ACB scores in the post-index period were 1.2 (1.3) and 2.5 (1.7) in those treated with mirabegron (beta-3 agonist) or bladder anticholinergics, respectively. Limitations The generalizability of the results outside the UK is unclear. Conclusions In older adults with OAB, higher anticholinergic burden before initiating OAB drugs is associated with higher HRU and costs. When making treatment decisions in older adults, consideration should be given to assessing the existing anticholinergic burden and using OAB treatments that do not add to this burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40266-021-00884-0.

The current research work is to investigate the photocatalytic efficiency and degradation of ciprofloxacin using WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The nanoparticles of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and its composite with titanium dioxide (TiO2) i.e. WO3/TiO2 was prepared by hydrothermal method. Four basic characterizations were performed to study the prepared sample materials. To study the morphology of the prepared samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results of SEM clearly showed that tungsten trioxide (WO3) has Rectangular shaped structure. The average size of the pure Tungsten trioxide nanoparticles was about 40–540 nm. The composite of WO3/TiO2 has spherical structure. The reason behind that was the addition of TiO2 in WO3 changes the morphology of pure WO3, and transformed the rectangular structure to a spherical structure. The presence of TiO2 changes the position and orientation of the nanorods in all possible directions. For the detailed analysis of the functional groups present in these samples, band gap, and optical properties of these samples, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy was used. UV–Vis spectroscopy results showed that the bandgaps of prepared catalysts vary within the range of 2.76 – 2.5 eV. This decrease in bandgap is directly related with the concentration ratio of TiO2 in WO3. The maximum excitation wavelength observed at 440 nm. The maximum degradation efficiency was at 2% of WO3/TiO2 composite catalyst due to unique morphological structure and increase rate of photo absorption.

The present paper concerns with studying the high complexity nature of the EDM multiple discharge analysis transformed into a feasible solvable mathematical model for the die steel workpiece type AISI D2, the copper and graphite materials electrodes, and the kerosene dielectric by setting the Transient Thermal and the Multiphysics analyses domain loads models using the ANSYS 15.0 finite element analysis. Two load steps modeled the entering setting time analysis, six sub-periods setting time cycle, four heating, and two cooling periods, six transient temperature values, and four transient thermal convection models. The radius spark (discharge channel), the total number of discharges sparks, the total heat power generation, the absorbed heat flux fractions by the electrodes, the workpieces and kerosene fluid dielectric, the heat-affected zones (HAZ), the hard white recast layer thickness (WLT) and properties, the workpiece fatigue safety factor and life after EDM machining were determined and simulated. The thermal model errors compared with theoretical calculations and a modeled predicted equation were also deduced and verified. The experimental results evinced that the maximum total heat flux generated using the graphite material electrodes is (2.619E+009 W/m2) which is higher than when using copper material electrodes by (82.4%), while the minimum value of the white layer thickness (WLT) after EDM machining using graphite tool electrodes is (8.34 μm), which it gives an improvement comparing with using of copper tool electrodes by (40.0%). The macrographic and microstructure evaluation manifest that the discharge spark craters sizes when using graphite tool electrodes reached their sizes. The maximum fatigue stresses and fatigue safety factor when using copper tool electrodes are (240 MPa) and (0.89) which is higher by a value of (3.35%) and (3.45%) comparing with the using of graphite electrodes, respectively.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of carbon black containing coating formulations that are conventionally used for pigment printing of textiles in fabricating electrically heated fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Specifically, electrical and thermal characterisation of the coating system was carried out to establish the feasibility of the system for use in the manufacturing of flexible heating elements on textile substrates. The coating formulations were applied via a simple padding technique followed by stitching the electrodes using a conductive yarn. Findings The heating elements of different sizes thus produced showed Ohmic behaviour as a resistor and attained a targeted temperature difference of up to 40°C within the applied voltage range. A prototype heater was also produced, and thermography results showed uniform heating and cooling of the heater that was incorporated into a jacket. Originality/value The proposed method is envisaged to be very practical for the realisation of completely textile-based heating elements of different shapes and sizes. Furthermore, the proposed manufacturing method can be used to convert conventional ready-made articles of clothing into heated textiles for various applications.

Recently, photocatalysis has received huge attention in order to overcome energy crisis worldwide. Many semiconductors, potential schemes and hierarchies have come to light during past few decades to fabricate efficient catalysts however, among all these methods heterostructures have taken the world by surprise. With the advancement in post-graphene 2D materials, van der Waals heterostructures have come to light exploring enhancement in photocatalysis. During a very short period a number of ZnO-based van der Waal heterostructures have taken the limelight in the field of photocatalysis. First principles calculations and DFT approach towards the heterostructures of GeC, GaN, WSe2, WS2 and other layered 2D materials unleased a series of properties and facts for the provision of enhanced catalysis. Reduction in bandgap of ZnO has also been observed which widens the pathways towards visible light irradiation. However, energy applications of zinc oxide are also fascinating feature as it can serve as a photoanode to replace TiO2. Whereas the famous hydrogen production, batteries and solar cells have also been fabricated by the use of this semiconductor.

Purpose Among various metal oxide nano particles, MgO NPs and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in particular are gaining increasing attention due to their multifunctional characteristics, low cost and compatibility with textile materials. Each type of nanoparticle excels over others in certain properties. As such, it is often crucial to carry out comparative studies of NPs to identify the one showing higher efficiency/output for particular applications of textile products. Design/methodology/approach In the investigation reported in this paper, ZnO NPs and MgO NPs were synthesised via sol-gel technique and characterised. For comparative analysis, the synthesised NPs were evaluated for multiple properties using standard procedures before and after being applied on cotton fabrics by a dip-pad-dry-cure method. Findings XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO and MgO NPs. Homogeneous formation of desired NPs and their dense and uniform deposition on the cotton fibre surface were observed using SEM. ZnO NPs and MgO NPs coatings on cotton were observed to significantly enhance self-cleaning/stain removal properties achieving Grade 5 and Grade 4 categories, respectively. In terms of ultraviolet (UV) protection, ZnO or MgO NP coated fabrics showed UPF values of greater than 50, i.e. excellent in blocking UV rays. MgO NPs exhibited 20% cleaning efficiency in treating reactive dye wastewater against ZnO NPs which were 4% efficient in the same treatment, so MgO was more suitable for such type of treatments at low cost. Both NPs were able to impart multifunctionality to cotton fabrics as per requirement of the end products. However, ZnO NPs were better for stain removal from the fabrics while MgO NPs were appropriate for UV blocking. Originality/value It was therefore clear that multifunctional textile products could be developed by employing a single type of cost effective and efficient nano particles.

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على أثر استخدام الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف السادس الأساسي في مادة العلوم في مدينة عدن، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (14) تلميذًا في إحدى المدارس الأساسية التابعة لمديرية البريقة، وسعياً لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم إعداد اختبار تحصيلي لهذا الغرض وإعداد الخطط الدراسة، وتم استخدام مقياس الدافعية نحو مادة العلوم. وتوصلت الدراسة الى النتائج الآتية: وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (a = 05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية في التطبيق القبلي والبعدي لاختبار التحصيل الفوري ومقياس الدافعية نحو مادة العلوم ولصالح التطبيق البعدي. وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (a = 05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية في التطبيق الفوري والمؤجل لاختبار التحصيل ولصالح التطبيق المؤجل للاختبار. حجم تأثير الخرائط الذهنية على تحصيل التلاميذ ودافعيتهم نحو مادة العلوم كان كبيرًا جدًا. وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات أهمها الاهتمام بتدريب المعلمين قبل الخدمة وأثنائها على استخدام استراتيجيات تدريسية مناسبة، منها استراتيجية الخرائط الذهنية الإلكترونية.

Objective: To compare the outcome of surgical versus conservative treatment of traumatic extradural hematoma in the supratentorial regin. Material and Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in Departments of Neurosurgery, Allied Hospitals, Faisalabad between December 2019 to November, 2020. A total of 100 patients Supratentorial EDH; fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical and radiological assessment of EDH volume by the same neurosurgical team. The patients were then divided randomly into two groups by using the lottery methods. Group A patients were conservatively managed. Group B underwent surgery. All surgeries were done by the same surgical team. Glasgow outcome scale was noted in 5 days after admission or surgery in both groups. Results: The patients average age was 29.96 years, male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The mean volume of hematoma was 24.68 and 27.56 in group A (conservative group) and Group B (operated group) respectively. The favorable outcome was noted in all the patients and no mortality occurred in any patients. Conclusion: Both surgical and conservative treatments are equally effective in terms of a favorable outcome and mortality occurrence in management of traumatic EDH

Purpose This study aims to investigate the behavior of investigating officers in performance of their official duties of conducting inquiries and investigations of money laundering cases and their views about real problems and issues encountered during such investigations. Design/methodology/approach In total, 15 interviews were conducted with Inland Revenue Service (IRS) investigating officers and money laundering experts, whose responses were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Observation method was also used by the researcher during the whole process of investigation in multiple cases of money laundering investigations. Rationale for conducting qualitative study is to acquire original information from respondents which may not have been possible through a closed-ended questionnaire. Findings Findings of the study reveal that change in the behavior of investigating officers may result in better performance by way of conducting money laundering investigations in an effective and efficient manner. And the behavior of investigating officers may be changed by addressing the problems and issues encountered by them while at work and conducting anti money laundering investigations, better performance of investigating officers may result in better performance of investigating agency which may portray better image of the government in combating against terrorism financing and money laundering. Research limitations/implications Findings of the study are limited to the perspectives of 15 interviewees. For this reason, it is probable that a study with a larger sample conducted in other offices of IRS Intelligence as well as other investigating agencies could have provided different or more concrete results. Practical implications Evidently, the addressal of such issues may invariably enhance the effective enforcement of money laundering activities by way of improving the performance of investigating officers in performance of their duties relating to money laundering investigations. It also provides legislators and money laundering investigating agencies with valuable insight into the whole process of money laundering investigations and challenges encountered by investigating officers. By enhanced understanding the specific problems of investigations, the enabling authorities should be able to more effectively combat both money laundering and terrorism financing. Originality/value This is the first study, to the best of the author’s knowledge, which tries to explain the behavior of investigating officer toward their work and their perceived understanding of the problems being faced while conducting investigations in money laundering.

International audience; Identification of stage-specific erythroid cells is critical for studies of normal and disordered human erythropoiesis. While immunophenotypic strategies have previously been developed to identify cells at each stage of terminal erythroid differentiation, erythroid progenitors are currently defined very broadly. Refined strategies to identify and characterize BFU-E and CFU-E subsets are critically needed. To address this unmet need, a flow cytometry-based technique was developed that combines the established surface markers CD34 and CD36 with CD117, CD71, and CD105. This combination allowed for the separation of erythroid progenitor cells into four discrete populations along a continuum of progressive maturation, with increasing cell size and decreasing nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, proliferative capacity and stem cell factor responsiveness. This strategy was validated in uncultured, primary erythroid cells isolated from bone marrow of healthy individuals. Functional colony assays of these progenitor populations revealed enrichment of BFU-E only in the earliest population, transitioning to cells yielding BFU-E and CFU-E, then CFU-E only. Utilizing CD34/CD105 and GPA/CD105 profiles, all four progenitor stages and all five stages of terminal erythroid differentiation could be identified. Applying this immunophenotyping strategy to primary bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, identified defects in erythroid progenitors and in terminal erythroid differentiation. This novel immunophenotyping technique will be a valuable tool for studies of normal and perturbed human erythropoiesis. It will allow for the discovery of stage-specific molecular and functional insights into normal erythropoiesis as well as for identification and characterization of stage-specific defects in inherited and acquired disorders of erythropoiesis.

In this study, Mg2+ ions-doped ZnO nanorods were prepared via simple solvothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, TEM/SEM, EDX, UV–visible and PL emission spectroscopy to explore the structural, morphological and optical properties, respectively. The XRD results reveal that Mg2+ ions-doped ZnO/MgO nanocomposite exhibited the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. However, the incorporation of Mg2+ ions into ZnO has shifted the XRD peaks towards lower 2Ө angles which might be due to successful incorporation of Mg2+ ions into ZnO lattice. Moreover, the prepared ZnO, MgO and MgO/ZnO nanocomposites with various Mg to Zn atomic ratios (2–11%) were used as photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and RhB dyes under visible light irradiation. The sample with 8% doping (8%MgO/ZnO) showed excellent photocatalytic performance for both dyes as compared to pure ZnO and other samples. Furthermore, the cyclic stability of 8% MgO/ZnO nanocomposite was also monitored for the degradation of RhB dye, the results show that the prepared nanocomposite has good stability and long-term durability after five consecutive cycles. The current study suggests that ZnO/MgO-based nanocomposites could be proficiently used in numerous applications especially in environmental and energy applications.

Aluminum–nickel ferrite nanostructure with a nominal composition of NiFe2-xAlxO4 (0 < x < 0.9) was synthesized by heat treatment process by employing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping operator. The effects of Al3+ substitution on structural, morphological, quantitative, qualitative and magnetic properties were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). Single-phase inverse spinel structure and decrease in average crystal size as Al concentration increases was acknowledged by XRD and EDX characterization. The decrease in average crystal size as Al3+ ions content increases is associated with structural effects of overall crystal size of nanostructure. The development of a thermally stable nickel ferrite above 500 °C was detected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The magnetic hysteresis loop measurements at room temperature (RT) with an ultimate tested magnetic field of 1.8 T shows both saturation and remnant magnetization decreases as content of Al3+ ions substitution increases. The decrease in overall magnetization is due to spin non-collinearity, weakening of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and weak super-exchange interactions.

The research has a more important and important study of the Iraqi cities in general and the cities of Anbar in particular, through field study and investigation in order to know the reasons that contribute directly or indirectly to the prevalence of this phenomenon, as it is affecting the quality of urban life and the nature of the urban texture of the city، By asking questions to the community sample about the behaviors of the existing city community, and focusing on the most prominent customs and traditions that the residents brought through the move of their place of residence from the countryside to the city, and it has been inherited from the life of the countryside, since significant numbers of the city's residents have rural origins, Where the city of Al-Qaim was distinguished by the area expansion and population size resulting from several factors, whether the natural increase of the population or through migration from the neighboring countryside or through the process of urban integration represented by the integration of the Karbala region of rural nature within the basic design of the city of Al-Qaim.

The presence of pharmaceutical wastage and their metabolites in the wastewater, even in low absorption concentration has adverse effects on society and the environment. A recyclable and economical-friendly photocatalytic technique is applicable for decontamination and sanitization of the polluted water from the anti-parasitic drugs. Here, activated carbon was synthesized which has become more efficient and suitable for degradation purpose. Peanut shell-based activated carbon (PSAC) and sugarcane bagasse (SBAC) are used for this research. In this research study, results indicate that PSAC was more profitable and energetic as compared to SBAC. XRD demonstrates that PSAC has sharp peaks at 26.8° and 65.6° but SBAC has no specific sharp peaks. SEM analytic pictures visualized that PSAC has a granular nanoporous structure that is efficacious for the Iverzine degradation rather than nano and micro layers based on SBAC. EDX spectrums confessed that PSAC has a high peak of activated carbon and very small impurity peaks of sulphur and oxygen rather than SBAC. By the investigation of FTIR spectra, SBAC and PSAC both have almost the same absorbance bonds but have different percentage transmittance. An analytic study of degradation spectrum, it has been noticed that PSAC degraded 89% of Iverzine drug but SBAC has degraded just about 63%. All the results demonstrated that PSAC was more energetic for the absorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals from water.

Myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem progenitor cell disorders mainly effecting the elderly. Chemotherapeutic approaches improved the outcome in majority of the patients, but it is generally associated with severe toxicities and relapse and does not benefit all the patients. With the success of adoptive cell therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in treating certain B-cell malignancies, these therapeutic approaches are also being tested for myeloid malignancies, but the preclinical and limited clinical trial data suggest there are significant challenges. The principal hurdle to efficient targeted immunotherapy approaches is the lack of a unique targetable antigen on cancer cells leading to off-target effects including myelosuppression due to depletion of normal myeloid cells. Advanced age of the patients, comorbidities, immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment, and cytokine release syndrome are some other challenges that are not unique to myeloid malignancies but pose significant challenge for the successful adaptation of this approach for treatment. In this review, we highlight the challenges and solutions to adopt chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies to treat myeloid malignancies.

This study aims to examine the impact of wise capital on the performance of small enterprises in Iraq. Inference, innovation, social responsibility and independence are considered as wise capital dimensions. On the other hand, the financial dimension, customer dimension, learning and growth, and the operational dimension are treated as measures of enterprise performance. The study uses a sample of 207 respondents. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to estimate the results. The results of the study indicate that two dimensions of wise capital, innovation and independence, have significant negative impacts on different measures of enterprise performance, but there is no evidence that inference and social responsibility affect the performance of enterprises in Iraq. This study has several contributions and implications. It contributes to the literature on wise capital and performance of small enterprises. It provides an opportunity for policy makers, regulators, academicians, and entrepreneurs to gain insight into the policy measures and remedies needed to improve the performance of small enterprises in Iraq.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, causing protein misfolding and aggregation, were suggested as the pathogenic mechanisms involved in familial ALS cases. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of C4 and C5, two derivatives of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). By combining in vivo and in vitro techniques, we show that, although C4 and C5 successfully inhibited amyloid aggregation of recombinant mutant SOD1 in a dose-dependent manner, they failed to suppress the accumulation of misfolded SOD1. Moreover, C4 or C5 daily injections to SOD1G93A mice following onset had no effect on either the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 or the neuroinflammatory response in the spinal cord and, consequently, failed to extend the survival of SOD1G93A mice or to improve their motor symptoms. Finally, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies demonstrated that high concentrations of C4 and C5 reached the brain and spinal cord but only for a short period of time. Thus, our findings suggest that use of such chemical chaperones for ALS drug development may need to be optimized for more effective results.

Purpose: To compare between the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact air-puff tonometer (APT) considering GAT as gold standard. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Al-Shifa trust eye Hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2018 to June 2018 Methods: Five hundred individuals, 223 glaucoma patients and 277 non glaucoma control subjects were recruited. After taking a detailed history, slit-lamp examination and fundoscopy was performed to check glaucoma status of the eyes. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was checked with optical coherence tomography. Non-contact air-puff tonometry of both eyes were performed. Using a drop of local anesthetic and small amount of fluorescein, intra-ocular pressure was measured with GAT (Haag Streit Diagnostics).Central corneal thickness was measured for correction of IOP measurement with GAT. Paired sample correlations were performed to compare the mean IOP with APT and GAT with and without correction factor. Sensitivity and specificity for measurement of IOP by APT was calculated considering GAT as gold standard. Results: Mean age of the male and female participants was 49.87+18.70years and 45.53+16.91years respectively. Mean IOP in glaucomatous eyes measured by GAT (after applying correction factor) and APT was 16.01+5.57 mmHg and 17.31+7.22 mmHg respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of APT for measuring IOP in glaucomatous eyes were 84.04% and 73.53% respectively. Conclusion: Non-contact air-puff tonometer has good sensitivity and specificity and can be used reliably for measurement of IOP in out-patient department and for mass screening of the population.