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Abstract Craniopharyngioma (CP) is an intracranial tumor with high mortality and morbidity. Though biologically benign, CP will damage the hypothalamus, inducing comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. The roles of gut microbiome and serum metabolome in CP‐associated hypothalamic comorbidities are aimed to be explored. Patients with CP are characterized by increased Shannon diversity, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Roseburia, alongside decreased Alistipes and Bacteroides. CP‐enriched taxa are positively correlated with dyslipidemia and cognitive decline, while CP‐depleted taxa are negatively associated with fatty liver. Subsequent serum metabolomics identified notably up‐regulated purine metabolism, and integrative analysis indicated an association between altered microbiota and elevated hypoxanthine. Phenotypic study and multi‐omics analysis in the Rax‐CreERT2::BrafV600E/+::PtenFlox/+ mouse model validated potential involvement of increased Clostridium and dysregulated purine metabolism in hypothalamic comorbidities. To further consolidate this, intervention experiments are performed and it is found that hypoxanthine co‐variated with the severity of hypothalamic comorbidities and abundance of Clostridium, and induced dysregulated purine metabolism along with redox imbalance in target organs (liver and brain cortex). Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of increased Clostridium and up‐regulated purine metabolism as signatures of CP‐associated hypothalamic‐comorbidities, and unveiled that elevated Clostridium, dysregulated purine metabolism, and redox imbalance may mediate the development and progression of CP‐associated hypothalamic‐comorbidities.

Here we present a novel, combined cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) method for imaging of chocolate confectionery product microstructures of several millimeters down to about 100 nm. The SEM part of the method is based on cryo-fixation, cryo-polishing, and scanning electron microscopy, at low vacuum and low temperature using the backscattered electron signal. Starting with cryo-fixation of the chocolate sample in a desired state (cooled, ambient, or melted), the sample is cryo-planed in a cryo-ultramicrotome. Once a polished cut is obtained, the sample is analyzed using a cryo-SEM technique, with the unusual combination of low temperature and low vacuum settings, without heavy metal coating. Imaging is done based on material density contrast. Elemental composition of particles is recorded by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The combination of imaging contrast and EDS allows identification and measurement of the four main constituents of chocolate (cocoa solids, fat, sugar, and milk solids). Finally, the same cryo-polished sample sections of solid chocolate products are analyzed using a CLSM imaging technique to reveal complementary microstructural details. An obvious application of the method could be the visualization and quantitative analysis of the size, shape, and composition of chocolate confectionery products.

In the southern part of the Siberian platform, a new genetic type of lithium mineralization was discovered in the Lower Cambrian halogen-carbonate formation of the Angara-Lena marginal trough, which arose as a result of the introduction of a fluid-saturated solution into the sedimentary cover of the platform. Focal hydrothermal development of halogen-carbonate deposits along deep faults led to the formation of lithium-bearing mineralization. A gradual reduction in tectonic activity within the Angara-Lena marginal trough was accompanied by the subsidence of hydrothermal-sedimentary deposits. In this case, the precipitated substance was dispersed and later transformed into layers. It has been established that the main lithium minerals are hectorite and lithiophorite. The results of a study of lithological and geochemical associations of rare earth elements in sections of Early Cambrian deposits of the studied lithium mineralization are presented.

The development of reduced models provide efficient methods that can be used to perform short term experimental data analysis or narrow down the parametric range of more sophisticated numerical approaches. Reduced models are derived by simplifying the physics description with the goal of retaining only the essential ingredients required to reproduce the phenomena under study. This is the role of the gyro-fluid code FAR3d, dedicated to analyze the linear and nonlinear stability of Alfvén Eigenmodes (AE), Energetic Particle Modes (EPM) and magnetic-hydrodynamic modes as pressure gradient driven mode (PGDM) and current driven modes (CDM) in nuclear fusion devices. Such analysis is valuable for improving the plasma heating efficiency and confinement; this can enhance the overall device performance. The present review is dedicated to a description of the most important contributions of the FAR3d code in the field of energetic particles (EP) and AE/EPM stability. FAR3d is used to model and characterize the AE/EPM activity measured in fusion devices as LHD, JET, DIII-D, EAST, TJ-II and Heliotron J. In addition, the computational efficiency of FAR3d facilitates performing massive parametric studies leading to the identification of optimization trends with respect to the AE/EPM stability. This can aid in identifying operational regimes where AE/EPM activity is avoided or minimized. This technique is applied to the analysis of optimized configurations with respect to the thermal plasma parameters, magnetic field configuration, external actuators and the effect of multiple EP populations. In addition, the AE/EPM saturation phase is analyzed, taking into account both steady-state phases and bursting activity observed in LHD and DIII-D devices. The nonlinear calculations provide: the induced EP transport, the generation of zonal structures as well as the energy transfer towards the thermal plasma and between different toroidal/helical families. Finally, FAR3d is used to forecast the AE/EPM stability in operational scenarios of future devices as ITER, CFETR, JT60SA and CFQS as well as possible approaches to optimization with respect to variations in the most important plasma parameters.

The aim of the research is to develop a radar method for determining the physical and chemical parameters of subsurface soil horizons, providing rapid determination of moisture and specific conductivity in the area of the plant root system. The proposed method is based on a set of Fresnel equations which describe reflection of electromagnetic waves from the interface between dielectric media in vertical and horizontal polarization of the probing signal. For the practical implementation of the method, it is proposed to use two unmanned aerial vehicles that form a bistatic radar system which irradiates the Earth's surface obliquely in order to create the Brewster's effect and increase the fraction of the radio signal reflected from subsurface horizons. The percentage of moisture and the specific conductivity of soil are calculated from the measured values of the imaginary part of the complex permittivity. The required accuracy of moisture and conductivity measurements is achieved by two-step calibration of the measuring device. The values of the moisture content and specific conductivity of soil obtained by radar at a frequency of 469 MHz are in good agreement with the results of measuring these parameters using the soil moisture meter TDR 150 Spectrum Technologies, Inc.

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a significant global clinical and public health challenge, impacting 64.3 million individuals worldwide. To address the scarcity of donor organs, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has become a crucial intervention for managing end-stage HF, serving as a bridge to heart transplantation or as a destination therapy. Web-based health forums, such as MyLVAD.com, play a vital role as trusted sources of information for individuals with HF symptoms and their caregivers. ObjectiveWe aim to uncover the latent topics within the posts shared by users on the MyLVAD.com website. MethodsUsing the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm and a visualization tool, our objective was to uncover latent topics within the posts shared on the MyLVAD.com website. Through the application of topic modeling techniques, we analyzed 459 posts authored by recipients of LVAD and their family members from 2015 to 2023. ResultsThis study unveiled 5 prominent themes of concern among patients with LVAD and their family members. These themes included family support (39.5% weight value), encompassing subthemes such as family caregiving roles and emotional or practical support; clothing (23.9% weight value), with subthemes related to comfort, normalcy, and functionality; infection (18.2% weight value), covering driveline infections, prevention, and care; power (12% weight value), involving challenges associated with power dependency; and self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management (6.3% weight value), which included subthemes such as blood tests, monitoring, alarms, and device management. ConclusionsThese findings contribute to a better understanding of the experiences and needs of patients implanted with LVAD, providing valuable insights for health care professionals to offer tailored support and care. By using latent Dirichlet allocation to analyze posts from the MyLVAD.com forum, this study sheds light on key topics discussed by users, facilitating improved patient care and enhanced patient-provider communication.

Aim. To present data from the AURA Registry (real-world data registry on AlbUminuRia detection rate among patients with previously undiAgnosed chronic kidney disease). It is important to perform population studies both to study the occurrence of markers (albuminuria (AU), decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which will provide information on the actual detection rate of CKD and the related markers in territories included in the registry of research centers.Material and methods. The article presents the first data from the AURA registry. Recruitment was carried out from March 6, 2023 to January 23, 2024. Thirty-four research centers in various federal districts of the Russian Federation and 104 doctors took part in the recruitment. We included 4580 subjects over the age of 40 years who had no previously established diagnosis of CKD and did not have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. During recruitment, the researchers were guided by the AURA study protocol (Version 1.7/12-26-2022).Results. AU more than 20 mg/g was detected in 64,9% of cases. At the same time, AU is more common at GFR values that may correspond to stage 3A of CKD. The rarer occurrence of AU in those examined with GFR >60 ml/min/1,73 m2 may be explained by less severe renal damage at this CKD stage. The incidence of AU was significantly higher in men, older people, smokers, people with metabolic syndrome, hypertension (HTN), prediabetes and overweight. The occurrence of AU also increased as HTN grade increased. AU detection rate was associated with hypertriglyceridemia, a high blood level of C-reactive protein, which is an integrative marker of inflammation that negatively affects cardiovascular risk.Conclusion. The presented first data from the AURA registry demonstrated the high AU prevalence in people over 40 years of age. A high incidence of AU was typical for patients with HTN, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and prediabetes. An association has been demonstrated between the high incidence of AU and male sex, age, overweight, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and a number of other cardiovascular risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of secondary disorders following brain injury. Disturbances in iron homeostasis result in the accumulation of iron and the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may contribute to the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. Magnetic susceptibility mapping is a novel, rapidly evolving quantitative technique with significant potential for assessing iron accumulation in the brain. AIM: The study aimed to determine changes in brain iron concentrations in patients with brain injury using magnetic susceptibility mapping techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 9 patients (14±2 years) with moderate and severe brain injury: three in the acute phase and six in the remote phase, and 4 healthy volunteers (15.3±0.9 years). All study participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a Philips Achieva dStream 3T scanner (Philips, the Netherlands). Data for magnetic susceptibility maps were acquired using a 3D FFE multi-echo sequence with flux compensation: FA=20, 6 TE: TE1/dTE=4.422 ms/5.795 ms, TR=59 ms (minimum), matrix size was 400×400×75, voxel size was 0.6×0.6×0.6 mm3. Magnetic susceptibility maps were generated using the SEPIA program. Magnetic field map construction, local magnetic field extraction, and magnetic susceptibility calculation were performed using the Laplacian, LBV, and iLSQR techniques, respectively. Average magnetic susceptibility values were obtained in 16 subcortical gray matter zones using the CIT168 atlas. RESULTS: The preliminary results of the study indicated that the patient group exhibited higher magnetic susceptibility values (p=0.07) in the compact part of the substantia nigra compared to the control group. The values for the patient and control groups were 0.03±0.03 and 0.003±0.018, respectively (Fig. 1). This result suggests a potential difference between the two groups at the level of a statistical trend, which may indicate iron accumulation in this area following brain injury. No changes in the values of magnetic susceptibility were observed in other areas of the subcortical gray matter that were investigated. An increased iron concentration in the compact part of the substantia nigra is also a characteristic of Parkinson’s disease [3]. This is consistent with the fact that brain injury is a risk factor for the development of this neurodegenerative disease. One of the possible causes of iron accumulation is neuronal death and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier [4]. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated magnetic susceptibility value in the compact part of the substantia nigra in patients with brain injury may indicate the accumulation of iron in this area following injury. A larger sample size will allow for further testing of this hypothesis and the monitoring of changes in iron concentration over time following brain injury.

2024 marks the 125th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding surgeon, scientist, teacher and public figure, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Nikolai Ilyich Blinov. N. I. Blinov was born on February 18, 1899 in Uglich, Yaroslavl province. In 1924, he completed his studies at the Petrograd State Institute of Medical Knowledge (GIMZ) and was left as a resident at the Department of General Surgery. From 1927 to 1931, N. I. Blinov worked as a surgical resident at the Institute of Surgical Tuberculosis. In 1932, he was appointed the head of the serological laboratory at the Research Institute of Blood Transfusion. According to the totality of scientific works, in 1935, N. I. Blinov was awarded the degree of candidate of medical sciences, and a year later, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “The doctrine of blood groups and its significance in the clinic”. In 1939, he was elected the associate professor of the Surgical clinic No. 2 of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief surgeon of several hospitals in besieged Leningrad; he continued to work in the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training for the training of medical personnel. In 1951, he was elected the professor of the surgical clinic No. 2 of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training, and since 1952 – Head of the Department of General Surgery of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training and headed it until 1968. In the period from 1954 to 1959, he served as director of the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. He is the author of more than 200 scientific papers; 2 doctoral and 20 PhD theses have been defended under his supervision. N.I. Blinov paid great attention to public activities, was elected the member of the Leningrad City Council of Workers’ Deputies, the deputy of the Smolninsky district Council of Workers’ Deputies. He was awarded orders and medals of the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1967). He retired in September 1968. He died on April 15, 1971. He was buried at the Bolsheokhtinsky cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Background and Objectives: The development and functioning of all living beings ends with the inevitable aging process, as a result of which the activity of all organs and the body as a whole is suppressed, which leads to imminent death. Protein glycation is considered to be one of the causes of aging. This process takes place throughout life, but it intensifies with age. Protein glycation is a reaction of covalent coupling of free amino groups of proteins and reducing carbohydrates, which proceeds without the participation of enzymes and leads to disruption of protein functions. This process is unregulated, as it occurs without the participation of biological catalysts. As a result of glycation of proteins in humans, inflammatory processes occur in the body and a number of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis, cataract, glycemia, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, etc. develop. In the tasks of medical diagnostics, methods of monitoring the state of proteins in the human body are necessary. In this regard, the work is devoted to the study of the processes of interaction of human serum albumin globules (HSA) with globules of human glycated serum albumin (gHSA). Materials and Methods: In conducting a study of the spectral-kinetic characteristics of the eosin luminescent probe in solutions of glycated and non-glycated HSA, as well as in a mixture of glycated and non–glycated HSA, an exponential dependence of the second order was used to approximate the dependencies of DF (delayed fluorescence) and PHOS (phosphorescence), and an anisotropy equation was used to assume the formation of the gHSA-HSA complex. Results: It has been found that the intensity and kinetics of quenching of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of the eosin fluorescent probe associated with proteins are sensitive to the ratio of glycated and non-glycated proteins in solution. To explain the increase in the intensity and lifetime of eosin phosphorescence during the transition from a solution of HSA to a mixture of HSA and gHSA, it is assumed that the globules of HSA and gHSA form a complex of the composition of gHSA-HSA, as a result of diffusion encounters. The rotational mobility of this complex is much less than the separate globules of HSA and gHSA. The formation of the complex is confirmed by an increase in the anisotropy of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of eosin in a mixture of HSA and gHSA. Conclusion: The obtained results of the work can be used to diagnose the presence of a complex of glycated with non-glycated proteins in human blood plasma.

The article discusses the current trends in the development of ion-plasma systems for ion processing and thin film deposition. Application of pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering for deposition of vanadium oxide films and dependence of process parameters on power supply frequency characteristics, peculiarities and application of direct ion-beam deposition for formation of coatings based on SiO2 for optical coatings, SiO2, CH, CN, CHF for orientation coatings of LCD displays, wear-resistant coatings of diamond-like carbon (α-C) and carbon nitride (CNx) are considered. The advantages of continuous microwave magnetron power over pulsed mode are shown. The mathematical model for calculating magnetron sputtering systems, processes of magnetron sputtering and the main capabilities of the developed software complex Deposition are shown.

Due to the variety of defects that arise in electrical machines, it is necessary to use more effective methods for monitoring their condition. All over the world research and development of new means and methods for monitoring powerful electrical machines during their operation is underway. Some examples of recent advances are vibration diagnostic methods for assessing the compaction of components inside a transformer, acoustic and electrical systems for monitoring partial discharges, data processing using digital methods, and new sensors for continuous monitoring of gases and moisture in oil, as well as hot spot temperatures. Additionally, thermal imaging testing of power equipment is also an important tool to ensure reliable operation. It is believed that the most effective method is gas chromatographic oil analysis, which can identify most defects in oil-filled equipment. During the operation of powerful electrical machines, the use of existing non-destructive testing methods does not allow a complete assessment of the condition of the main parts of the equipment, as an analysis of damage locations shows, 25% are damage to the core and windings. Effective monitoring of the condition and determination of the performance of transformers is of particular importance, since they are key elements in the operation of nuclear power plants. The paper considers the possibility of using the eddy current testing method; determining a defect in magnetic core steel is based on fixing the unevenness of the magnetic field on the horizontal or vertical planes of a yoke or rod consisting of electrical steel plates. Monitoring and evaluating the functioning of existing equipment, detecting deficiencies in the early stages of their development, when repair costs are still minimal, and preventing emergency failures become a priority. In accordance with the growth rate of detected deficiencies, monitoring is carried out from time to time or continuously, the maximum number of monitored characteristics is achieved when the transformer is fully tested to determine its functionality.

Trawl surveys on juvenile pink salmon in fall season provide crucial information for forecasting their returns because of lower mortality of the juveniles in this season compared to their mortality during downstream migration in rivers or in the early marine period. Surveys by two research vessels give an opportunity to cover vast are- as in a short time and to exclude repeated counts of actively migrating fish on adjacent transects. The surveys in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas in the fall of 2023 were well planned and done, so the main aggregations of pink salmon in the offshore areas were assessed, ensuring good reliability of the data on this species abundance used for forecasting pink salmon adults returns and catch. Two regional groupings of juvenile pink salmon in the Okhotsk Sea were differentiated in mixed catches using the EM clustering method; the ratio of the «northern» and «southern» groupings was 40:60%. The total counted abundance of juvenile pink salmon was 0.33.109 ind. in the Bering Sea and 1.40.109 ind. in the Okhotsk Sea that allowed to expect preliminary the returns of approximately 100.106 ind. to the Bering Sea rivers and 208.106 ind. to the Okhotsk Sea rivers in 2024.

Data of the trawl surveys for counting of pink salmon in 2022 and 2023 and results of pink salmon fishery in the main areas of the Russian Far East in 2023 are presented and the studies for understanding the state of the main pink salmon stocks and regional complexes are overviewed. The total catch in the Far-Eastern fishing basin was 478.5.103 t in 2023, including 182.4.103 t in the Bering Sea (total run — 247.1.106 ind.) and 280.8.103 t in the Okhotsk Sea (total run — 292.4.106 ind.). These values slightly exceed the forecasts of pink salmon run and catch in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas (estimated catch rates 140–150.103 t and 240–255.103 t, runs 210.106 ind. and 260–270.106 ind., respectively). For the forecast for the Okhotsk Sea, materials on differentiation of mixed pink salmon assemblages were analyzed by specialists of the Kamchatka branch of VNIRO, using both traditional methods (as morphological express- method and genetic method based on mt-DNA analysis) and a new method based on SNP-locus variability.

Objective. In this paper, the main approaches to modeling the management processes of organizational and technical systems for special purposes are reviewed and analyzed, and their detailed comparative analysis is carried out. This circumstance will allow us to further develop methodological recommendations to improve the efficiency and validity of management decisions.Method. This work uses: formal models, structural models of objects, models under conditions of complete certainty, models under conditions of risk using a decision tree, models under conditions of uncertainty, mathematical programming models, quality models, efficiency models.Result. In the course of reviewing and analyzing the main approaches to modeling management processes for special-purpose organizational and technical systems, the following tasks were solved: a preliminary systematization of the available data on the features of the development of management decision-making models was carried out; a comparative analysis of these models was carried out, during which it was established that most of the developed models can only be applicable in certain subject areas, which significantly limits their universality; have a labor-intensive procedure for processing source data; turn out to be insufficiently adaptive to rapidly changing conditions.Conclusion. The considered approaches to modeling management processes for specialpurpose organizational and technical systems are a powerful tool for making informed and effective management decisions; they allow you to take into account many factors, conduct scenario analysis and optimize solutions, as well as use computers for more accurate and complex calculations.

Zhuoxuan Li,1 Tatyana Kovshova,2 Julia Malinovskaya,2 Julian Knoll,1 Saeed Shanehsazzadeh,1 Nadezhda Osipova,2 Anastasia Chernysheva,3 Pavel Melnikov,2 Svetlana Gelperina,2 Matthias G Wacker1 1National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Singapore; 2Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, RussiaCorrespondence: Matthias G Wacker, Email matthias.g.wacker@nus.edu.sgPurpose: This study investigated the brain targeting mechanism of doxorubicin-loaded polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles, particularly their interactions with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB protects the brain from drugs in the bloodstream and represents a crucial obstacle in the treatment of brain cancer.Methods: An advanced computer model analyzed the brain delivery of two distinct formulations, Doxil® and surfactant-coated PBCA nanoparticles. Computational learning was combined with in vitro release and cell interaction studies to comprehend the underlying brain delivery pathways.Results: Our analysis yielded a surprising discovery regarding the brain delivery mechanism of PBCA nanoparticles. While Doxil® exhibited the expected behavior, accumulating in the brain through extravasation in tumor tissue, PBCA nanoparticles employed a unique and previously uncharacterized mechanism. They underwent cell hitchhiking, resulting in a remarkable more than 1000-fold increase in brain permeation rate compared to Doxil® (2.59 × 10− 4 vs 0.32 h− 1).Conclusion: The nonspecific binding to blood cells facilitated and intensified interactions of surfactant-coated PBCA nanoparticles with the vascular endothelium, leading to enhanced transcytosis. Consequently, the significant increase in circulation time in the bloodstream, coupled with improved receptor interactions, contributes to this remarkable uptake of doxorubicin into the brain. Keywords: BBB, brain targeting, CNS, modeling, doxorubicin, drug delivery

This paper investigates a financial market where asset prices follow a multi-dimensional Brownian motion process and a multi-dimensional Poisson process characterized by diverse credit and deposit rates where the credit rate is higher than the deposit rate. The focus extends to evaluating European options by establishing upper and lower hedging prices through a transition to a suitable auxiliary market. Introducing a lemma elucidates the same solution to the pricing problem in both markets under specific conditions. Additionally, we address the minimization of shortfall risk and determine no-arbitrage price bounds within the framework of incomplete markets. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges posed by the multi-dimensional jump-diffusion model and varying interest rates in financial markets.

Background. Free perforating flaps are the most optimal for reconstruction of both upper and lower extremities. However, along with the obvious advantages of these flaps, there are also a number of difficulties associated with their more complex vascular anatomy and, as a consequence, more time-consuming dissection. This determines the need for a more thorough preoperative planning, including the mapping of perforating vessels and development of flap design. At the same time, the problems with intraoperative assessment of perfusion of perforating flaps and their monitoring in the postoperative period have not been solved. For these purposes, several instrumental methods of examination such as MRI and CT angiography, Doppler sonography, ICG and dynamic infrared thermography are used. Aim of the study — to evaluate the capabilities of dynamic infrared thermography (DIT) for mapping of perforating vessels when planning the design of perforating flaps, as well as for assessing their intra- and postoperative perfusion. Methods. We have analyzed the results of using DIT along with CT-angiography and Doppler sonography for preliminary mapping of perforating vessels in the design of 18 perforating flaps (ALT flap — 10, SCIP flap — 8) transplanted in 15 patients from 01.01.2022 to 30.07.2022. DIT was also used in all cases for intraoperative instrumental confirmation of flap perfusion and for its monitoring in the postoperative period. Results. A total of 39 perforating vessels were detected by CT angiography at the point of origin from the main arteries. DIT was used to detect the distal portions of 37 perforating vessels in 15 patients at the marking of 18 flaps. On average, 2.5 per ALT flap and 1.4 per SCIP flap. Thermographic examination time was approximately 10 minutes. Localization of all perforating vessels detected by DIT were first confirmed by Doppler sonography and then visualized intraoperatively during flap dissection. Intraoperatively, perfusion of all transplanted flaps was clearly confirmed by DIT. In the postoperative period, perfusion problems were clinically detected in 3 (16%) flaps and confirmed by DIT: venous stasis — 2 cases, arterial insufficiency — 1 case. In two patients (13%) with a body mass index of more than 35 (corresponding to class 2–3 obesity), the location of perforating vessels could not be determined by thermography and Doppler sonography. Also, in these patients DIT was ineffective for confirmation of flap perfusion intraoperatively and in the postoperative period. Conclusion. This study confirms that CT angiography, Doppler sonography and infrared thermography are complementary methods that allow to detect and visualize perforating arteries from their origin from a main artery to the site of their passage through the deep fascia (CT-angiography), as well as to determine their more accurate projection on the skin surface (DIT and Doppler sonography). DIT is also an auxiliary method for flap monitoring in the intraoperative and postoperative periods, which allows to engage nursing staff in postoperative monitoring.

Background: Cerebral contusions occur in approximately 43% of blunt head trauma cases. The gyri are predominantly affected, although severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may damage the subcortical white matter and deep structures within the brain. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is used to evaluate all forms of intracranial injuries, fractures, cerebral edema, and other associated injuries.Objective: To analyze the CT potential in the diagnosis of cerebral contusions during the acute phase of TBI in children younger than 3 years.Materials and methods: In 2021-2022 we performed CT using a Philips Ingenuity Elite 128 slice CT scanner in 1334 children with TBI (730 boys and 604 girls younger than 3 years). The area of interest in the examined children was the skull and cervical spine. We did not use enhancement. The effective dose range varied from 1.27 to 1.91 mSv.Results: Of 510 children, 448 (87.84%) patients had skull fractures that combined with intracranial injuries in 366 (81.7%) children, with 262 (71.58%) of them having severe injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8) and 36 (9.83%) of them undergoing surgery. Cerebral contusions were diagnosed in 58.5% (214 of 366) of children. Contusions (98% of which were hemorrhagic) had different volumes and degrees of hemorrhage and edema. The foci of contusions were in the frontal (37.1%), temporal (34.3%), parietal (20.6%), and, less often, occipital (8%) lobes.Conclusions: CT is the preferred imaging modality in acute TBI, which enables to accurately detect and adequately treat cerebral contusions, preventing secondary injuries. CT is the main diagnostic tool and should be performed in all children with TBI within the first hours after injury.

Objective: To compare the long-term results of LSG and RYGB with a fixed restrictive component in patients with morbid obesity in terms of weight loss, control of associated diseases and the development of long-term complications, including sarcopenia.Materials and methods: our study included the results of treatment of 251 patients (153 LSG and 98 RYGB). The follow-up period was at least 24 months (median follow-up 38 months). The restrictive component was assessed 12 months after surgery using CT-volumetry. The size of the gastroenetroanastomosis was additionally measured using fibrogastroscopy in the RYGB group. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess body composition and determine the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) initially and during control examinations in the postoperative period.Results: both groups obtained good results in terms of weight loss and control of associated diseases, however, RYGB shows some advantages in these parameters. On the other hand, in the RYGB group a higher rate of progression of signs of sarcopenia was detected (8.2% (including 3% of severe sarcopenia) vs 3.3% in the LSG group). Most patients who progressed to sarcopenia were older, had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or had mild sarcopenia at baseline.Conclusions: RYGB demonstrates better results in terms of weight loss and control of associated diseases compared to LSG, however, in elderly patients, as well as in the presence of T2DM or signs of sarcopenia, it is advisable to choose operations without a pronounced malabsorptive effect.

Introduction. The purpose of the work is to study the causes of corrosion destruction of bus bodies of the enterprise. In the course of work, it was revealed that the main causes of intensive corrosion destruction of bus bodies are insufficiently high corrosion resistance of metals used in the manufacture of the body frame. The main places of occurrence of foci of corrosion of the body are: wheel arches; rear and lower parts of the bus, which are more susceptible to adverse road conditions; the upper and lower parts of the window openings in case of violation of the tightness of the seal. In the course of the study, initial data were obtained to determine the conditions and factors determining condensation on the cooled surfaces of bus bodies entering the indoor parking area; a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing the intensity of corrosion wear of the company’s vehicle bodies was developed.Materials and methods. The results of observations of changes in the technical condition of bus bodies, parameters of their maintenance conditions were used, methods of a priori ranking of factors and classification were used. The results and recommendations on the technical operation of bus bodies are described.Results. As intermediate results of the conducted research, the data on the influence of the technical condition of bus bodies on the indicators of technical operation were obtained, which make it possible to justify the modes of maintenance and storage of motor vehicles. The data obtained make it possible to simulate the processes affecting the technical condition of bus bodies, which is the basis for the development of optimization measures.Discussion. It is noted that the approach implemented during the study enables to establish a set of factors affecting the technical condition of bus bodies, and to determine the consequences of premature achievement of the limit state by the elements of the load-bearing structure.Conclusion. As a generalizing conclusion, it is noted that the practical implementation of the developed methodology ensures the development and implementation of sound measures to increase their durability in the practical activities of road transport enterprises.

The data are presented on the geological and isotopic age of gold deposits of the Solovyovsky gold ore center in the Amur province, assigned to the gold-polymetallic, gold-sulfide-quartz, and gold-quartz formation types. It is demonstrated that the geological and isotopic age of the most productive ore deposits of the gold-polymetallic (Berezitovoe) and gold-sulfide-quartz (Kirovskoe) types is Early Cretaceous according to geological data and Barremian (in the range of 131–125 million years) according to isotopic determinations. The geological age of poorly productive ore deposits of the gold-quartz type is difficult to determine due to the fact that the host rocks are most often represented by gneisses and crystal shales of Precambrian age. The isotopic age of formation of the Snezhninka and Zolotaya gora gold-quartz deposits is, respectively, Late Triassic (212 million years) and Late Jurassic (155 million years).

Rapid urbanization has led to changes in the urban land surface thermal environment. However, there are still much unknown about the urban land surface thermal conditions in permafrost regions. Permafrost is a unique geological environment, changes in the urban land surface thermal environment may trigger geological disasters caused by permafrost degradation. This study utilized remote sensing data and geographic detectors to identify the dynamic changes in land surface temperature (LST) and land use/land cover (LU/LC) in Yakutsk, as well as the potential factors contributing to LST variations. Between 1992 and 2020, the built-up area in Yakutsk increased by 36%, and the annual average LST in Yakutsk has risen by 6.67 °C, accompanied by an expansion of high-temperature areas. Despite ongoing greening efforts, rapid urbanization poses a threat to these green spaces. Changes in the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and land use transfer (LDT) were identified as the primary drivers of urban LST changes. By integrating geographic detector technology and artificial neural network models, we optimized the selection of input factors in the prediction model and used it to explore the future changes in LST in Yakutsk. The average LST in Yakutsk is expected to reach 23.4 °C and 25.1 °C in 2030 and 2040, respectively, with a further increase in high-temperature areas. This study provides a reference for ecological, hydrological, and geological assessments of cities in permafrost regions.

This study focuses on the modification of ion-exchange membranes by incorporating a phosphorylated dendrimer into sulfonated polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to enhance the specific selectivity between mono-/divalent ions, using the Ca2+/Na+ pair as an example. This research employs mechanical, physicochemical, and electrochemical analyses to explore the effects of P-H20 incorporation on membrane properties. Bulk modification significantly increases membrane selectivity towards calcium ions (the specific permselectivity coefficient rises from 1.5 to 7.2), while maintaining the same level of the limiting current density. Other findings indicate that bulk modification significantly changes the transport-channel structure of the membrane and alters the mechanism of over-limiting mass transfer. The over-limiting current for the pristine membrane is mainly due to non-equilibrium electroconvection, while modified membranes actively participate in the water-splitting reaction, leading to the suppression of the electroconvection. Despite this drawback, the decrease of the over-limiting potential drop results in a decrease in specific energy consumption from 0.11 to 0.07 kWh/mol. In the underlimiting current mode, the specific energy consumption for all studied membranes remains within the same limits of 0.02–0.03 kWh/mol.

Abstract We describe how the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme [1] can be used to compute the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the production of an arbitrary number of gluonic jets in hadron collisions. We show that the infrared subtraction terms can be combined into recurring structures that in many cases are simple iterations of those terms known from next-to-leading order. The way that these recurring structures are identified and computed is fairly general, and can be applied to any partonic process. As an example, we explicitly demonstrate the cancellation of all singularities in the fully-differential cross section for the q q ¯ $$ q\overline{q} $$ → X + Ng process at NNLO in QCD. The finite remainder of the NNLO QCD contribution, which arises upon cancellation of all ϵ-poles, is expressed via relatively simple formulas, which can be implemented in a numerical code in a straightforward way. Our approach can be extended to describe arbitrary processes at NNLO in QCD; the largest remaining challenge at this point is the combinatorics of quark and gluon collinear limits.