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Religious Freedom: Jefferson's Legacy, America's Creed. By John Ragosta. (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013. Pp. 293. Cloth, $39.50.)Reviewed by Christopher Michael CurtisIn the past decade, an abundance of scholarship has redirected focus on the meanings and consequences of disestablishment following the American Revolution. Phillip Hamburger, Steven K. Green, Donald Drakeman, John Hutson, and Sarah Barringer Gordon have examined the multiple ways by which the separation of church and state were negotiated and defined. Undoubtedly, much of this scholarly interest has been spurred by the persistent ideological intensity that informs debates about religion and the public square, as well as by the recurrent internecine, denominational property disputes that have captured headlines and occupied the courts.John Ragosta's Religious Freedom: Jefferson's Legacy America's Creed contributes to this robust body of scholarship. It follows on the heels of his 2010 monograph, Wellspring of Liberty: How Virginia's Religious Dissenters Helped Win the American Revolution and Secured Religious Liberty, which emphasized the central roles played by Virginia's religious dissenters during the Revolution. In Religious Freedom, Ragosta now turns to an ambitious examination of the ideological influence that Thomas Jefferson had on the development of the legal and constitutional doctrines of religious liberty, not just in Virginia but in the nation at large. Ragosta asserts the centrality of Jefferson's ideas to understanding the fundamental historical meaning of religious freedom in America and contends that this Jeffersonian understanding created and informed a national consensus about the proper constitutional divisions between church and state.At least, that is, until recently. Pointing to Chief Justice William Rehnquist's dissenting opinion in the 1985 case of Wallace v. Jaffree, Ragosta suggests that the Jeffersonian consensus has come under attack by judges and academics who seek to undermine the "high and solid wall between church and state" by casting the establishment clause of the First Amendment in opposition to its companion free exercise clause (2, 4). Given this apparently troubling dynamic, Ragosta explores whether or not Jefferson's vision of religious liberty was as influential as the United States Supreme Court declared it was in the case of Reynolds v. United States (1879), when Justice Waite deemed the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists to be authoritative statements defining the foundations of the First Amendment.Ragosta begins his inquiry with a serious effort to analyze Jefferson's often conflicted ideas about Christianity, which ultimately informed his conception of religious liberty. He portrays Jefferson in the common view as Enlightenment disciple of reason, but equally, and significantly, as someone steeped in the doctrines and practices of colonial Virginia's established church, as well as someone who, after disestablishment, also affiliated himself with the newly organized Episcopal Church. These affiliations lend context but the portrait is certainly not one of a pietistic Jefferson. Instead, a theology of natural religion prevailed, with Jefferson appearing a self-professed Christian who disdained the doctrines of divinity and resurrection. Jefferson graciously bestows praise on Jesus for the universality of his moral teachings, but suggests that he would have done things a bit differently had the lot of mankind's salvation fallen instead to the Sage of Monticello. Ragosta neatly exposes the arrogance of Jefferson's theology but is less explicit about its consequences. …

Objectives. We calculated the racial/ethnic-specific percentages of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attributable to overweight and obesity. Methods. We analyzed 1 228 265 records of women aged 20 years or older with a live, singleton birth in California during 2007 to 2009. Using logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the association between prepregnancy body mass index and GDM and calculated the percentages of GDM attributable to overweight and obesity overall and by race/ethnicity. Results. The overall estimated GDM prevalence ranged from 5.4% among White women to 11.9% among Asian/Pacific Islander women. The adjusted percentages of GDM deliveries attributable to overweight and obesity were 17.8% among Asians/Pacific Islander, 41.2% among White, 44.2% among Hispanic, 51.2% among Black, and 57.8% among American Indian women. Select Asian subgroups, such as Vietnamese (13.0%), Asian Indian (14.0%), and Filipino (14.2%), had the highest GDM prevalence, but the lowest percentage attributable to obesity. Conclusions. Elevated prepregnancy body mass index contributed to GDM in all racial/ethnic groups, which suggests that decreasing overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age could reduce GDM, associated delivery complications, and future risk of diabetes in both the mother and offspring.

Aims. The inadequate provision of allergy services in the United Kingdom is attributed, in part, to poor undergraduate teaching of the subject. We ascertained the level of medical student knowledge about allergy, an extremely common disease, and congenital heart disease, an important yet rare condition, to see if the focus of medical student teaching was correctly matched to disease burden within the general population. Methods. An online quiz was designed consisting of 10 questions on common allergy problems and 10 questions on congenital heart disease to be taken by medical students. Results. Two hundred and fourteen respondents took the quiz, the majority (78.5%) of who were clinical medical students. There was a significant difference between the mean scores for the allergy (µ = 28.7%, standard deviation = 15.5) and congenital heart disease (µ = 40.1%, standard deviation = 21.3) sections; t(213) = −6.78, P < .0001. Discussion. Knowledge about basic allergic disease was very poor within a medical student population. Mean percentage scores were significantly reduced when compared to questions concerning the rare and infrequently encountered condition of congenital heart disease. We question the wisdom of undue emphasis on certain rarely encountered conditions against common, equally important conditions in medical school teaching.

The depictions of cruel witches in Roald Dahl’s novel The Witches echo the cruel, abusive measures taken by adults in the historical treatment of children. The concept of child-hatred, described by Lloyd Demause and other critics, is an effective lens through which to view the hyperbolized hatred of children described in The Witches. However, Dahl’s text deals with more than just the explicit hatred of children. In fact, in its characterization of Grandmamma as an adult that truly values the state of childhood, and in Dahl’s narrative treatment of both his child protagonist and his child audience, Dahl’s text counters the notion that we have progressed to a culture that values and, at times, sacralizes the child. The Witches presents to readers the possibility that child-hatred is not some now-defunct phenomenon, but rather an extant danger in the historical present of childhood, a danger made ever more threatening by its ability to hide under a mask of benevolence. With the many instances of both child-protection and child-hatred that pervade The Witches, the text serves as an apt illustration of the ambivalence inherent in many works of children’s literature, which has been a central concern for scholars of children’s texts for decades.

Two flow patterns (plug flow (PF) and complete mixing (CM)) of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with multiple anodes–cathodes were compared in continuous flow mode for wastewater treatment and power generation. The results indicated that PF-MFCs had higher power generation and columbic efficiency (CE) than CM-MFCs, and the power generation varied along with the flow pathway in the PF-MFCs. The gradient of substrate concentrations along the PF-MFCs was the driving force for the power generation. In contrast, the CM-MFCs had higher wastewater removal efficiency than PF-MFCs, but had lower power conversion efficiency and power generation. This work demonstrated that MFC configuration is a key factor for enhancing power generation and wastewater treatment.

We describe and implement a family of entangling gates activated by radio-frequency flux modulation applied to a tunable transmon that is statically coupled to a neighboring transmon. The effect of this modulation is the resonant exchange of photons directly between levels of the two-transmon system, obviating the need for mediating qubits or resonator modes and allowing for the full utilization of all qubits in a scalable architecture. The resonance condition is selective in both the frequency and amplitude of modulation and thus alleviates frequency crowding. We demonstrate the use of three such resonances to produce entangling gates that enable universal quantum computation: one iSWAP gate and two distinct controlled Z gates. We report interleaved randomized benchmarking results indicating gate error rates of 6% for the iSWAP (duration 135ns) and 9% for the controlled Z gates (durations 175 ns and 270 ns), limited largely by qubit coherence., Comment: As submitted. 7 pages, 6 figures

Harnessing techniques from analog signal processing, we establish a new path for large-scale quantum computation., We show that parametric coupling techniques can be used to generate selective entangling interactions for multi-qubit processors. By inducing coherent population exchange between adjacent qubits under frequency modulation, we implement a universal gate set for a linear array of four superconducting qubits. An average process fidelity of ℱ = 93% is estimated for three two-qubit gates via quantum process tomography. We establish the suitability of these techniques for computation by preparing a four-qubit maximally entangled state and comparing the estimated state fidelity with the expected performance of the individual entangling gates. In addition, we prepare an eight-qubit register in all possible bitstring permutations and monitor the fidelity of a two-qubit gate across one pair of these qubits. Across all these permutations, an average fidelity of ℱ = 91.6 ± 2.6% is observed. These results thus offer a path to a scalable architecture with high selectivity and low cross-talk.

Objectives Women with longer, healthier pregnancies have more time to enroll in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), biasing associations between WIC and birth outcomes. We examined the association between WIC and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and perinatal death (PND) using a fetuses-at-risk approach to address this bias, termed gestational age bias. Methods We linked California Medi-Cal recipients with a singleton live birth or fetal death from the 2010 Birth Cohort to WIC participant data (n = 236,564). We implemented a fetuses-at-risk approach using survival analysis, which compared, in each week of gestation, women whose pregnancies reached the same length and who had the same opportunity to utilize WIC. In each gestational week, we assessed WIC enrollment and the number of food packages redeemed thus far and computed hazard ratios (HR) using survival models with time-varying exposures and effects. Results Adjusting for maternal socio-demographic and health characteristics, WIC enrollment was associated with a lower risk of PTB from week 29–36 (HR29 = 0.71; HR36 = 0.52); LBW from week 26–40 (HR26 = 0.77; HR40 = 0.64); and PND from week 29–43 (HR29 = 0.78; HR43 = 0.69) (p

We describe and implement a method to restore the state of a single qubit, in principle perfectly, after it has partially collapsed. The method resembles the classical Hahn spin-echo, but works on a wider class of relaxation processes, in which the quantum state partially leaves the computational Hilbert space. It is not guaranteed to work every time, but successful outcomes are heralded. We demonstrate using a single trapped ion better performance from this recovery method than can be obtained employing projection and post-selection alone. The demonstration features a novel qubit implementation that permits both partial collapse and coherent manipulations with high fidelity., 5 pages, 3 figures

In recent years, the very legitimacy of the state of Israel as a Jewish state has been challenged not only by foreign critics, Jewish and non-Jewish, but also by so-called post-Zionists, Jewish aca...

This article deals with the insidious propaganda campaign against the state of Israel by official and unofficial international organizations, human rights groups, the media and academic institutions, in addition to Palestinian and Arab spokespersons, to challenge the legitimacy of the Jewish state and to demonize it. The campaign is to some extent code for thinly veiled antisemitism, but it also results from a number of factors: admiration of third-worldism and disapproval of democratic systems and values, and adopting as meaningful and relevant to criticism of Israel modern post-modernist thought, cultural relativism and multiculturalism.

IPI-504 (retaspimycin hydrochloride) is an Hsp90 inhibitor that is the subject of multiple clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. IPI-504 is an aqueous soluble (>200 mg/ml) hydroquinone hydrochloride salt of 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), a quinone derivative also undergoing clinical evaluation, albeit with suboptimal formulations that address its inferior aqueous solubility (∼50 µg/ml). IPI-504 interconverts with 17-AAG in vivo through oxidation-reduction reactions that result in a dynamic redox equilibrium. The development challenges associated with redox active molecules are significant due to the pH, oxygen, and temperature sensitivities associated with such chemotypes. The API and sterile drug product manufacturing processes thus warrant the monitoring and control of these key variables. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical development challenges associated with cancer agents that are often fast-tracked due to unmet medical needs mandate a rapid development cycle with associated regulatory hurdles. Drug Dev Res 71: 429–438, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Objectives To investigate Latina-White differences in birth outcomes in California from 2003 to 2010, looking for evidence of the often-cited "Latina paradox" and assessing the possible role of socioeconomic factors in observed differences. MethodsUsing statewide-representative data from the California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment, an annual population-based postpartum survey, we compared rates of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in five groups: U.S.-born non-Latina Whites ("Whites"), U.S.-born Mexican-Americans, U.S.-born non-Mexican Latinas, Mexican immigrants, and non-Mexican Latina immigrants. Logistic regression models examined the relative likelihood of PTB and LBW for women in each Latina subgroup compared with Whites, before and after adjustment for socioeconomic and other covariates. Results In unadjusted analyses, women in each Latina subgroup appeared more likely than White women to have PTB and LBW, although the increased likelihood of LBW among Mexican immigrants was statistically non-significant. After adjustment for less favorable socioeconomic characteristics among Latinas compared with Whites, observed differences in the estimated likelihoods of PTB or LBW for Latina subgroups relative to Whites were attenuated and (with the exception of PTB among U.S.-born Mexican Americans) no longer statistically significant. Conclusions We found no evidence of a "Latina paradox" in birth outcomes, which some have cited as evidence that social disadvantage is not always health-damaging. As observed in several previous studies, our findings were non-paradoxical: consistent with their socioeconomic disadvantage, Latinas had worse birth outcomes than non-Latina White women. Policy-makers should not rely on a "Latina paradox" to ensure good birth outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged Latina women.

There is growing observational evidence of high-redshift quasars launching energetic, fast outflows, but the effects that these have on their host galaxies is poorly understood. We employ the moving-mesh code AREPO to study the feedback from a quasar that has grown to $\sim 10^9 M_\odot$ by $z \sim 5$ and the impact that this has on its host galaxy. Our simulations use a super-Lagrangian refinement technique to increase the accuracy with which the interface of the quasar-driven wind and the surrounding gas is resolved. We find that the feedback injected in these simulations is less efficient at removing gas from the galaxy than in an identical simulation with no super-Lagrangian refinement. This leads to the growth of a massive, rotationally supported, star-forming disc, co-existing with a powerful quasar-driven outflow. The properties of our host galaxy, including the kinematical structure of the gaseous disc and of the outflow, are in good agreement with current observations. Upcoming ALMA and JWST observations will be an excellent test of our model and will provide further clues as to the variance in properties of high-redshift quasar hosts., 6 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS submitted, figures and videos are available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~mc636/

Objective.Identifying infant deaths with common underlying causes and potential intervention points is critical to infant mortality surveillance and the development of prevention strategies. We constructed an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) parallel to the Dollfus cause-of-death classification scheme first published in 1990, which organized infant deaths by etiology and their amenability to prevention efforts.Methods.Infant death records for 1996, dual-coded to the ICD Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10, were obtained from the CDC public-use multiple-cause-of-death file on comparability between ICD-9 and ICD-10. We used the underlying cause of death to group 27,821 infant deaths into the nine categories of the ICD-9-based update to Dollfus' original coding scheme, published by Sowards in 1999. Comparability ratios were computed to measure concordance between ICD versions.Results.The Dollfus classification system updated with ICD-10 codes had limited agreement with the 1999 modified classification system. Although prematurity, congenital malformations, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and obstetric conditions were the first through fourth most common causes of infant death under both systems, most comparability ratios were significantly different from one system to the other.Conclusion.The Dollfus classification system can be adapted for use with ICD-10 codes to create a comprehensive, etiology-based profile of infant deaths. The potential benefits of using Dollfus logic to guide perinatal mortality reduction strategies, particularly to maternal and child health programs and other initiatives focused on improving infant health, warrant further examination of this method's use in perinatal mortality surveillance.

Collaborative research between the disciplines of forensic pathology and biomechanics was undertaken to investigate the hyperelastic properties of human skin, to determine the force required for sharp instrument penetration of skin, and to develop a finite element model, which reflects the mechanisms of sharp instrument penetration. These studies have led to the development of a "stab metric," based on simulations, to describe the force magnitudes in stabbing incidents. Such a metric should, in time, replace the crudely quantitative descriptors of stabbing forces currently used by forensic pathologists. Deposited by bulk import Check citation details

This work utilized synchrotron imaging to achieve a regional assessment of the lung's response to imparted oscillations. The forced oscillation technique is increasingly being used in clinical and research settings for the measurement of lung function. During the forced oscillation technique, pressure oscillations are imparted to the lungsviathe subjects' airway opening and the response is measured. This provides information about the mechanical properties of the airways and lung tissue. The quality of measurements is dependent upon the input signal penetrating uniformly throughout the lung. However, the penetration of these signals is not well understood. The development and use of a novel image-processing technique in conjunction with synchrotron-based imaging was able to regionally assess the lungs' response to input pressure oscillation signals in anaesthetized mice. The imaging-based technique was able to quantify both the power and distribution of lung tissue oscillations during forced oscillations of the lungs. It was observed that under forced oscillations the apices had limited lung tissue expansion relative to the base. This technique could be used to optimize input signals used for the forced oscillation technique or potentially as a diagnostic tool itself.

Background In this new-era of drug-eluting stents (DES) the impact of symptomatic in-stent restenosis (ISR) is diminishing. However, world wide bare-metal stents remain widely used and therefore, it is imperative to establish a simple and effective form of treatment. The objective of this registry database was to evaluate the ‘real-world’ effectiveness of DES for the treatment of symptomatic bare-metal stent ISR. Methods All patients presenting with symptomatic ISR were evaluated between February 2003 and February 2005. Patients had 9-month angiographic follow-up with primary endpoint evaluation of binary restenosis (>50%). Secondary endpoints included in-segment late loss, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and the difference in late loss between sirolimus (n = 23) and paciltaxel (n = 36) eluting stents. Results Fifty eight patients with fifty nine ISR lesions were evaluated, 36% of patients had diabetes mellitus. All procedures were performed safely with no adverse peri-procedural events documented. At 9-month follow-up the median in-segment late loss was 0.24 mm (IQR 0.1, 0.53), with a binary restenosis rate of 17%. At long-term follow-up greater than 1 year, the incidence of TLR was 10%. No difference in the angiographic parameter of in-segment late loss was seen between the sirolimus and paclitaxel-eluting stents. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up, DES is an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic bare-metal stent ISR.

Coronary disease or its risk factors has been reported to attenuate basal nitric oxide (NO) activity. Intravascular ultrasound was used in the present study to better understand this relation. Basal and stimulated NO activities were assessed in 53 stable subjects. Coronary diameter and velocity (0.014-inch Doppler wire) were measured at baseline and after intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, acetylcholine (10(-6) M), nitroglycerin (200 microg), and adenosine (24 microg). Intimal thickening was quantified with intravascular ultrasound. N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine resulted in significant decreases in coronary blood flow (-14 +/- 48%), proximal coronary diameter (-10 +/- 18%), and distal coronary diameter (-10 +/- 9%, all p values0.0001). Basal NO activity was unrelated to the presence of coronary disease as assessed by angiography and the burden of atherosclerosis as assessed by intravascular ultrasound. Conversely, stimulated NO activity correlated inversely with burden of coronary atherosclerosis (p0.05). Basal NO activity is relatively preserved in patients who have moderate coronary disease and is not related to the degree of atherosclerosis as assessed by intravascular ultrasound. This is in contradistinction to the impairment of stimulated NO activity in the coronary circulation that characterizes atherosclerosis.

A dispassionate, thorough, and nuanced analysis of the contemporary version of the phenomenon that has roiled Europe's population and affected their governments' approach to the United States since the end of the cold war

ObjectivesThe purpose of this research was to compare the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) with coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe relationship between CTFC and CFVR has not been adequately assessed in patients with coronary artery disease.MethodsWe studied 62 patients who underwent successful non-emergent PCI. All patients had Doppler evaluation of CFVR, CTFC, and quantitative coronary angiography. In an additional 17 patients, a frame count reserve was calculated as baseline CTFC/CTFC at peak hyperemia, induced by intracoronary adenosine after PCI.ResultsThe CTFC decreased from 27 ± 13 to 18 ± 8, and CFVR increased from 1.5 ± 0.4 to 2.6 ± 0.7 (both p < 0.0001). The pre-PCI CTFC and the CFVR were closely related to minimal lumen diameter (p < 0.0001). After PCI, there was no correlation between CFVR and CTFC. In addition, no relationship was observed between CFVR and the frame count reserve.ConclusionsThere was no significant correlation between CFVR and CTFC in patients undergoing coronary intervention. The relative utility of these measures in predicting outcomes in this setting requires further evaluation, but CTFC (or frame count reserve) does not appear to be an adequate surrogate measure of Doppler-derived CFVR.

On 1 April 1899, the day before Easter, the body of Anezka Hruzova or Agnes Hruza, a 19-year-old Christian seamstress who had disappeared on Ash Wednesday, was found in the Brezina Forest near Polna. This city was a German-speaking town of about 5,000 people including 212 Jews, in eastern Bohemia about 60 miles from Prague, and close to the Bohemian-Moravian border in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hruza's throat appeared to have been cut and her head partially severed. A small pool of blood and some stained stones were found, as were torn clothes and a rope near the body. At once, the rumor spread among the general public, fostered by the anti-Semitic press, that the victim had been murdered by Jews, raising the age-old blood libel, the accusation that the Jews murdered Christians in order to obtain their blood for ritual purposes, the baking of unleavened bread, or Passover matzos. Articles in the press and in brochures repeated the occurrence and denunciation of ritual murder. Within a few days, the day after the girl was given a martyr's funeral, a 22-year-old Jew, Leopold Hilsner, was arrested. He was a weak-minded, lazy, unemployed shoemaker who lived with his mother and who often walked in the area where the body was found. One woman witness had told the legal committee, set up by the local authorities to investigate the crime and which paid for testimonies, that she had seen Hilsner and two other Jews at the scene of the crime on the day of the murder, March 29. When later confronted with Hilsner at his trial, she conceded she could not be certain he was the same man she saw. Two other people asserted they had seen Hilsner and the two other men running toward the murder scene on the afternoon of March 29 and then walking away from it. Hilsner was charged with Hruza's murder; his arrest and the charge triggered anti-Semitic riots and the destruction of property in the Jewish part of town. The original examination of the body stated that Hruza sustained a number of wounds to the blood covered head through the use of stones or sticks. Her skin was lacerated and she had suffered bruises on her arms. Her clothes were violently torn off and she had been dragged a distance into the hollow. A tremendous wound was found on her throat, which had been cut with great force by a long, sharp instrument. There was a strangulation mark found at the center of her neck. The throat wound was fatal, the strangulation mark dangerous. It suggested that a noose, part of which was found at the crime scene, had been thrown over the head of the vic

During the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Sundsvall area of Sweden underwent a dramatic economic transformation powered by the exceptional growth of the sawmill industry. Industrialization certainly had devastating consequences for the health of sawmill employees and their families but also contributed to a gradual reduction in mortality rates among many farmers and cotters. This was particularly true among those who could benefit from the increased market for their produce found in the town and near the sawmills. Much of this study examines the consequences of industrial growth on the population's health. Nonetheless, the marked increase in tuberculosis mortality among women toward the end of the century illuminates the need to consider the social and cultural implications of industrialization rather than simply its economic characteristics when examining mortality patterns.

Objectives. We investigated the role of socioeconomic factors in Black–White disparities in preterm birth (PTB). Methods. We used the population-based California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment survey and birth certificate data on 10 400 US-born Black and White California residents who gave birth during 2003 to 2010 to examine rates and relative likelihoods of PTB among Black versus White women, with adjustment for multiple socioeconomic factors and covariables. Results. Greater socioeconomic advantage was generally associated with lower PTB rates among White but not Black women. There were no significant Black–White disparities within the most socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups; Black–White disparities were seen only within more advantaged subgroups. Conclusions. Socioeconomic factors play an important but complex role in PTB disparities. The absence of Black–White disparities in PTB within certain socioeconomic subgroups, alongside substantial disparities within others, suggests that social factors moderate the disparity. Further research should explore social factors suggested by the literature—including life course socioeconomic experiences and racism-related stress, and the biological pathways through which they operate—as potential contributors to PTB among Black and White women with different levels of social advantage.

CAT-2003, an orally active small molecule, reduces fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TG) in rat models of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) by inhibiting SREBP activation and decreasing inhibitors of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). CAT-2003, a conjugate of niacin and eicosapentaenoic acid, is inactive in

Heterobidentate and hemilabile ligands involving P,O-donor chelates produce chiral metal centers when bound to arene−ruthenium complexes. This chirality in cymene complexes produces diastereotopic ...

After the removal of the federal reguirements for certificate of need (CON) in 1986, the majority of states (40) and the District of Columbia retained their CON and/or added a moratorium on new nursing facilities and beds. Some states were also regulating the growth of other types of long term care (LTC) facilities and home health agencies. States with a CON and/or moratoria were more likely to have a greater non- White population, to have liberal politicians, and to have a lower capacity to raise taxes. When state financial budgets are limited, policymakers are likely to continue to regulate the supply of LTC providers.

With the increased routine use of prenatal ultrasonography, subdiaphragmatic masses in the fetus are identified more frequently. Suprarenal masses often are presumed to be neuroblastoma and are removed surgically postnatally. We sought to better understand the natural history of subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration, and to determine if subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration can be distinguished preoperatively from neuroblastoma. The literature was reviewed for cases of prenatally diagnosed suprarenal masses that proved ultimately to be either subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration or neuroblastoma. The distinguishing features of the two lesions were identified and an algorithm was created on the basis of these distinctions. Prenatally diagnosed subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration is no longer rare, with one case being reported for every 2.5 cases of neuroblastoma. On prenatal ultrasonography subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration usually is echogenic, is left-sided, and can be identified in the second trimester. Neuroblastoma is most often cystic, right-sided, and identified in the third trimester. In summary, subdiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the suprarenal mass identified on prenatal ultrasonography. Using the algorithm which we propose, the correct diagnosis can be determined prenatally in 95% of patients.

Antisemitism in America Today: Outspoken Experts Explode the Myths. Jerome R. Chanes, ed. New York: Birch Lane, 1995. Anti-Semitic Stereotypes: A Paradigm of Otherness in English Popular Culture, 1660-1830. Frank Felsenstein. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Daniel Goldhagen. New York: Knopf, 1996. T. S. Eliot: Antisemitism and Literary Form. Anthony Julius. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Antisemitism Without Jews: Communist Eastern Europe. Paul Lendvai. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. The Anatomy of Prejudices. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.

We designed and implemented a cost-containment program for patients undergoing a pubovaginal sling procedure. We sought to test the hypothesis that preoperative patient education could reduce the length of hospital stay in these patients. Our goal was to decrease hospital charges while maintaining quality of care.A multidisciplinary group of clinic and hospital staff identified factors that contribute to a patient's hospital charges for a pubovaginal sling procedure. A program of preoperative patient education to teach intermittent self-catheterization was combined with the elimination or control of items considered unnecessary to the delivery of safe, efficient care. Patient care was standardized from the preoperative visit to discharge planning. The difference in the mean values of 38 prestudy patients was compared with 15 study patients with a Wilcoxon rank sum test.Length of hospital stay was reduced from a mean of 2.8 to 1.1 days after implementation of the program (P0.0001). This decreased length of stay, combined with a reduction in routine laboratory studies (97% decrease; P0.0001), operating room charges (11% decrease; P0.01), and medications (35% decrease; P0.01), led to significantly reduced hospital charges. Total hospital charges decreased by 35%, from a mean of $4862 to a mean of $3153 (P0.0001). There was no increase in morbidity. Patient satisfaction with length of hospital stay did not change significantly following implementation of the program.With a program of preoperative patient education combined with a critical review of the factors contributing to a patient's hospital charges, it is possible to implement a cost-efficient program for a pubovaginal sling, leading to a 35% reduction in mean total hospital charges. This approach directed toward other incontinence procedures could be expected to yield comparative results.

The magnitude of force used in a stabbing incident can be difficult to quantify, although the estimate given by forensic pathologists is often seen as 'critical' evidence in medico-legal situations. The main objective of this study is to develop a quantitative measure of the force associated with a knife stabbing biological tissue, using a combined experimental and numerical technique. A series of stab-penetration tests were performed to quantify the force required for a blade to penetrate skin at various speeds and using different 'sharp' instruments. A computational model of blade penetration was developed using ABAQUS/EXPLICIT, a non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) commercial package. This model, which incorporated element deletion along with a suitable failure criterion, is capable of systematically quantifying the effect of the many variables affecting a stab event. This quantitative data could, in time, lead to the development of a predictive model that could help indicate the level of force used in a particular stabbing incident. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. peer-reviewed

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013

A patient simulator thermometer was designed to meet the demands of training students in a simulated clinical environment. This is achieved through the use of an instructor interface, Bluetooth signal generation, and a student interface which simulates a clinical temporal thermometer.