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201. Supplementary Table 3 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome

Author

David Sidransky, Wim Van Criekinge, Ate G.J. van der Zee, William Westra, Joseph Califano, Keishi Yamashita, Maté Ongenaert, Eli Rosenbaum, Shahnaz Begum, Ed Schuuring, Ágnes Lendvai, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo, Maria Luana Poeta, Hannah Lui Park, G. Bea A. Wisman, Junwei Liu, Kimberly Laskie Ostrow, Myoung Sook Kim, and Mohammad Obaidul Hoque

Abstract

Supplementary Table 3 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome

Published
2023
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202. Supplementary Figure 5 from The TGFβ–miR200–MIG6 Pathway Orchestrates the EMT-Associated Kinase Switch That Induces Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors

Author

David Sidransky, Atul Bedi, Shizhang Ling, Mohammad O. Hoque, Mariana Brait, Keren Paz, Rajani Ravi, Luciane Kagohara, Christina Michailidi, Xiaofei Chang, and Evgeny Izumchenko

Abstract

PDF file - 199KB, RNA was extracted from 18 human NSCLCs and 27 pancreatic directly xenografted low passage tumors. Levels of miR200c were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and mRNA levels of Mig6 and EGFR were determined by Affymetrix expression array. Expression levels of A. miR200c, B. Mig6 mRNA or C. EGFR mRNA transcripts were plotted against erlotinib responsiveness.

Published
2023
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204. Data from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome

Author

David Sidransky, Wim Van Criekinge, Ate G.J. van der Zee, William Westra, Joseph Califano, Keishi Yamashita, Maté Ongenaert, Eli Rosenbaum, Shahnaz Begum, Ed Schuuring, Ágnes Lendvai, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo, Maria Luana Poeta, Hannah Lui Park, G. Bea A. Wisman, Junwei Liu, Kimberly Laskie Ostrow, Myoung Sook Kim, and Mohammad Obaidul Hoque

Abstract

DNA methylation has a role in mediating epigenetic silencing of CpG island genes in cancer and other diseases. Identification of all gene promoters methylated in cancer cells “the cancer methylome” would greatly advance our understanding of gene regulatory networks in tumorigenesis. We previously described a new method of identifying methylated tumor suppressor genes based on pharmacologic unmasking of the promoter region and detection of re-expression on microarray analysis. In this study, we modified and greatly improved the selection of candidates based on new promoter structure algorithm and microarray data generated from 20 cancer cell lines of 5 major cancer types. We identified a set of 200 candidate genes that cluster throughout the genome of which 25 were previously reported as harboring cancer-specific promoter methylation. The remaining 175 genes were tested for promoter methylation by bisulfite sequencing or methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Eighty-two of 175 (47%) genes were found to be methylated in cell lines, and 53 of these 82 genes (65%) were methylated in primary tumor tissues. From these 53 genes, cancer-specific methylation was identified in 28 genes (28 of 53; 53%). Furthermore, we tested 8 of the 28 newly identified cancer-specific methylated genes with quantitative MSP in a panel of 300 primary tumors representing 13 types of cancer. We found cancer-specific methylation of at least one gene with high frequency in all cancer types. Identification of a large number of genes with cancer-specific methylation provides new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, and opens fertile avenues for basic research in tumor biology. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2661–70]

Published
2023
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205. Supplementary Table 2 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome

Author

David Sidransky, Wim Van Criekinge, Ate G.J. van der Zee, William Westra, Joseph Califano, Keishi Yamashita, Maté Ongenaert, Eli Rosenbaum, Shahnaz Begum, Ed Schuuring, Ágnes Lendvai, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo, Maria Luana Poeta, Hannah Lui Park, G. Bea A. Wisman, Junwei Liu, Kimberly Laskie Ostrow, Myoung Sook Kim, and Mohammad Obaidul Hoque

Abstract

Supplementary Table 2 from Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome

Published
2023
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210. Sustainable Antibiotic-Free Broiler Meat Production: Current Trends, Challenges, and Possibilities in a Developing Country Perspective

Author

Md. Hakimul Haque, Subir Sarker, Md. Shariful Islam, Md. Aminul Islam, Md. Rezaul Karim, Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky, and M. Sawkat Anwer

Subjects
sustainable agricultural system, antibiotics, antibiotic-free, antibiotic resistance, broiler meat production, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Antibiotic-free broiler meat production is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to consumer perception that it is superior to conventional broiler meat. Globally, broiler farming impacts the income generation of low-income households, helping to alleviate poverty and secure food in the countryside and in semi-municipal societies. For decades, antibiotics have been utilized in the poultry industry to prevent and treat diseases and promote growth. This practice contributes to the development of drug-resistant bacteria in livestock, including poultry, and humans through the food chain, posing a global public health threat. Additionally, consumer demand for antibiotic-free broiler meat is increasing. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome by adopting suitable strategies to produce antibiotic-free broiler meat with regards to food safety and chicken welfare issues. Herein, we focus on the importance and current scenario of antibiotic use, prospects, and challenges in the production of sustainable antibiotic-free broiler meat, emphasizing broiler farming in the context of Bangladesh. Moreover, we also discuss the need for and challenges of antibiotic alternatives and provide a future outlook for antibiotic-free broiler meat production.

Published
2020
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211. Industry Risk Factors and Stock Returns of Malaysian Oil and Gas Industry: A New Look with Mean Semi-Variance Asset Pricing Framework

Author

Mohammad Enamul Hoque and Soo-Wah Low

Subjects
asset pricing, oil and gas risk factor, oil and gas industry, Malaysian stock market, mean semi-variance, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

This study employs a mean semi-variance asset pricing framework to examine the influence of risk factors on stock returns of oil and gas companies. This study also examines how downside risk is priced in stock performance. The time-series estimations expose that market, size, momentum, oil, gas, and exchange rate have significant impacts on oil and gas stock returns, but effects are heterogeneous depending on an individual stock. The two-stage cross-section estimations provide new insights about investors’ risk-return trade-off when facing downside risks. The results show that downside risk exposures to market, momentum, oil, and exchange rate factors are negatively priced in the Malaysian oil and gas stocks. This implies that investors are penalized for their downside exposure to these risk factors, and such inference is consistent with the risk preference explanation of prospect theory. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the only risk factor found to be positively priced in the returns of oil and gas stocks. Additionally, we find a negative relationship between LNG factor and total risk. This suggests that as the risk exposure to LNG increases, the total risk decreases, implying that the LNG risk factor is an idiosyncratic risk and not a systematic risk factor. Such interpretation is consistent with the correlation result, which shows no association between LNG and the market risk factor.

Published
2020
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216. Comparison of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) with Reflex HPV DNA Test in Cervical Cancer Screening

Author

Mehdi Ashik Chowdhury, Asim Ranjan Barua, Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Mahabubul Hoque, and DM Arifur Rahman

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the diagnostic outcome of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and liquid based cytology (LBC) and see the association of VIA and LBC with HPV status, between March 2015 and June 2017. A total of 72 women attending the Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Gynaecology (Colposcopy Clinic) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for VIA test participated in the study. All the participants underwent both VIA and LBC procedures first. Then HPV DNA test was done in all the cases by hybrid capture (hc2 High Risk HPA DNA test) from residual LBC samples. Thereafter, biopsies were taken from all the patients for histopathological confirmation. The mean age of the participants was 40.22±12.29 years, (age range 18-72). Cervical lesions of total 36 patients were VIA positive. Among them 2(5.6%) patients were HPV positive and 34(94.4%) were HPV negative. There was no significant association found between VIA positivity and HPV positivity (p>0.05). Based on LBC, ASCUS were found in 4 patients, NILM in 52 patients and LSIL in 2 patients; all were HPV negative. ASC-H were found in 4 cases among them 1(25.0%) was HPV positive and 3(75.0%) were HPV negative. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 1, which was HPV positive. The association between two groups was statistically significant (p

Published
2022
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217. Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis: A case report of a patient with diffuse scleroderma

Author

Nahida Islam and Mohammad Imdadul Hoque Shakil

Subjects
mental disorders, General Medicine
Abstract

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD) or Sneddon-Wilkinson infection is an uncommon, harmless, constant, sterile pustular ejection which is related with different foundational sicknesses including immunoglobinopathies, neoplasms, and immune system issues. This paper reports an instance of SPD in a patient with diffuse scleroderma in a 37-year-elderly person. The speculation that invulnerable dysregulation might assume a part in the pathogenesis of SPD was assumed by the concurrence of diffuse scleroderma and SPD in our patient. CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 01 P: 50-53

Published
2022
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218. EXPLORING FARMERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS YIELD GAP MINIMIZATION OF RICE: A CASE FROM MYMENSINGH DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

Author

Mohammad Jiaul Hoque, Subroto Kumar Podder, Syed Mohammad Aminur Rahman, Md. Nur Alom Sarkar Mithun, and Md Masum Billah

Abstract

Farmers’ understanding of yield gap is necessary to increase rice yield and meet the rising demand for rice in Bangladesh. An investigation was conducted to explore the farmers’ attitudes towards yield gap minimization of rice in Muktagachha sub-district, Mymensingh District, Bangladesh. From February to April 2019, data was collected utilizing a structured interview schedule from 100 randomly selected rice growers. Descriptive statistics, rank order, coefficient of correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to examine the data. The findings revealed that almost all of the rice farmers had moderately (62.22%) to highly (37.78%) favourable attitudes towards yield gap minimization of rice in the investigation region. Among twenty attitudinal statements, ‘measurement of yield gap of rice is very easy for the farmers’ was identified as the most important one. The least ranked statement was ‘political problems act as a barrier to minimize rice yield gap’. According to the results of the correlation analysis, participation in organization, extension media interaction, training received, knowledge of adoption of HYV, and innovativeness were positively and significantly related with farmers’ attitudes towards yield gap minimization of rice. Results of regression analysis showed that organizational participation, extension media interaction, training received, knowledge of adoption of HYV, and innovativeness made significant contributions to favourable attitudes of the farmers towards yield gap minimization of rice. Expanding research, monitoring transfer of technology, providing simple access to extension agents, and developing farmers’ knowledge and skills through effective training could all help to close the rice yield gap.

Published
2022
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222. A PLS-SEM Approach to Connect Fertility, GDP, and Childhood Mortality with Female life Expectancy (FLE) in Bangladesh

Author

Md. Mortuza Ahmmed, Md. Ashraful Babu, Mohammad Abdul Hoque, and M. Mostafizur Rahman

Subjects
Mathematics (miscellaneous), General Computer Science, General Engineering
Abstract

A reasonable number of studies on the effect of Female life expectancy (FLE) upon the quality of women's lives in developed countries have been done. Bangladesh lacks such a study. We explore the effect of decreasing fertility and childhood mortality rates on FLE in Bangladesh and evaluate the potential impthe act of the demographic transition on GDP. Also, we investigate the trends and patterns of different factors from 1995 to 2018. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is functioned to fit an appropriate model to link fertility, GDP, and childhood mortality with FLE. The significance of the relationships has also been assessed. Results indicate that declines in fertility and childhood mortality have made significant improvements in FLE. The prospects of demographic transition due to fertility decline have been analyzed, and challenges to achieve it are highlighted.

Published
2021
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223. Problems faced by the crop farmers related to extension services provided by department of agricultural extension in Bangladesh

Author

Saifur Rahman, Mohammad J. Hoque, and Mohammed N. Uddin

Subjects
Plant Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) has a long history of providing extension services to Bangladesh's crop farmers. This study attempted to explore the extent of problems that crop farmers faced regarding acquiring the extension services provided by DAE. This study was conducted in three villages of Gauripur Upazila (sub-district) in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. A face-to-face interview was conducted with 100 sampled farmers for the data collection on a pre-tested and structured interview schedule. The key variable, named as the extent of problems was measured using a 4-point rating scale. Both enter and step-wise regression models were employed on the data. Results indicated that half of the respondents faced a moderate level of problems while 40% faced a high level of problems. The extension workers' poor communication skill was the most critical issue, followed by insufficient resources and maintaining contact with resource-rich farmers as perceived by the respondents. Crop farmers' education, perceived economic return, the experience of participating in extension activities, training, and fatalism were significantly associated with the problems faced by them. Education, perceived economic return, the experience of participating in extension activities, and training were discovered to be essential determinants of the degree of problems related to extension services. The study identified several chances for the policymakers to address influential factors for improving crop extension services of DAE. Furthermore, improved coordination and providing crop farmers with need-based training and resources may help mitigate the identified issues.

Published
2021
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225. Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs: the roles of marketing capabilities and social media usage

Author

Nik Mohd Hazrul Nik Hashim, Andel Hopi Candra, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Nor Liza Abdullah, Najeeb Ullah Shah, and Perengki Susanto

Subjects
Data collection, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Strategy and Management, Entrepreneurial orientation, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Social media, Business, Business and International Management, Marketing, Emerging markets, Competitive advantage, Nexus (standard), Unit of analysis
Abstract

Purpose Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important contributor to emerging countries’ economic growth. However, SMEs have been struggling to sustain their performance in a highly competitive environment. Thus, this study aims to re-examine the effect of SMEs’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on firms’ performance during the COVID-19. This study has also studied the moderating role of social media usage and the mediating role of marketing capabilities and social media usage. Design/methodology/approach This study used a structured questionnaire for data collection, where the unit of analysis was the manager or owner of SMEs. The data were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling. Findings The findings show that an EO has a significant and positive effect on an SME’s performance, but the outcomes are conditional on the role of social media and marketing capabilities. The empirical results reveal that marketing capabilities significantly mediate the relationship between EO and SME performance. In addition, social media usage moderates the relationship between EO and SME performance and it also partially mediates the EO-performance nexus of SMEs. Finally, this study discovers that the EO-Performance nexus of SMEs is serially mediated by social media usage and marketing capabilities. Research limitations/implications This study has important implications for SMEs that are seeking to gain a competitive advantage. For example, an SME should deploy market activities through social media channels. In situations such as a pandemic and uncertainty, this could be the most effective tool. Originality/value This study builds a theory-based mediation-moderation model to explain the link between EO and SME performance. In explaining mediation-moderation effects, the current study provides insight into EO-performance relationships. Moreover, the current model facilitates exploring whether serial mediation passes through social media usage and market capabilities. Therefore, with new findings, the study extends the literature on serial mediation in the EO-performance of SMEs. Additionally, this study extends the literature on the moderating role of social media on SMEs in Indonesia, which has not been investigated. Besides, the current study adds new insight into the EO-performance of SME in COVID-19 condition.

Published
2021
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226. Mammalian animal models for dengue virus infection: a recent overview

Author

Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, viruses, Review, Dengue virus, Biology, Dengue shock syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Dengue, Pathogenesis, Tree shrew, Mice, Medical microbiology, Virology, Vaccine Development, medicine, Animals, virus diseases, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, Viral disease
Abstract

Dengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne human viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas due to its expanding geographical range. DENV can cause a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is caused by four DENV serotypes; however, dengue pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Establishing a useful animal model that can exhibit dengue-fever-like signs similar to those in humans is essential to improve our understanding of the host response and pathogenesis of DENV. Although several animal models, including mouse models, non-human primate models, and a recently reported tree shrew model, have been investigated for DENV infection, animal models with clinical signs that are similar to those of DF in humans have not yet been established. Although animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of DENV infection and for drug and vaccine development, each animal model has its own strengths and limitations. Therefore, in this review, we provide a recent overview of animal models for DENV infection and pathogenesis, focusing on studies of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in animal models.

Published
2021
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227. Deciphering the CNS anti-depressant, antioxidant and cytotoxic profiling of methanol and aqueous extracts of Trametes versicolor and molecular interactions of its phenolic compounds

Author

Mohammad Akramul Hoque Tanim, Saad Ahmed Sami, Mohammad Shahadat Hossain, S. M. Moazzem Hossen, and Nazim Uddin Emon

Subjects
Antioxidant, biology, QH301-705.5, Cytotoxicity, medicine.medical_treatment, Trametes versicolor, Catechin, Quinic acid, Pharmacology, biology.organism_classification, Open field, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Central nervous system, Molecular docking, Toxicity, medicine, Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Quercetin, Baicalin
Abstract

The present study sought to evaluate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activity of methanol and aqueous extract of Trametes versicolor (METV and AETV). The CNS activity was assessed by the open field, hole-cross, forced swimming, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time, hole-board, and rotarod tests in Swiss albino mice. For both extracts, a substantial decrease in locomotion was observed in open field and hole-cross tests. In addition, the molecular docking study has been implemented through Maestro V11.1. The higher dose of METV (400 mg/kg) and the lower dose of AETV (200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant decrease in immobility time in forced swimming test and increased prolongation of sleep in thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, respectively. In contrast, a moderate finding was observed for the hole-board and rotarod tests. Additionally, a significant DPPH scavenging assay and a high toxicity effect in brine shrimp lethality assay were observed. Besides, five phenolic compounds, namely baicalin, quercetin, catechin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid, were used for the molecular docking study, whereas catechin demonstrated the highest binding affinity towards the targets. The findings conclude that the T. versicolor could be an alternative source for CNS anti-depressant and antioxidant activity.

Published
2021
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234. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Author

Angela E Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Emilie R Maddison, Trang Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Nishali Patel, Paola Pedroza, Juan Solorio, Hayley Stutzman, Golsum Tsakalos, Yifeng Wang, Wesley Warriner, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, E S Abhilash, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Michael R M Abrigo, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Mohammed Hussien Adem, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Ali Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Yibeltal Akelew, Hanadi Al Hamad, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Francis Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Atif Amin Baig, Abere Tilahun Bantie, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Sanjay Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Bernhard T Baune, Zombor Berezvai, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Virginia Bodolica, João Silva Botelho Botelho, Dejana Braithwaite, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ferrán Catalá-López, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Abdollah Dargahi, Sisay Abebe Debela, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Belay Desye, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Nancy Diao, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Leila Doshmangir, John Dube, Ebrahim Eini, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohamad Ezati Asar, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Ginenus Fekadu, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Peter Andras Gaal, Amiran Gamkrelidze, M A Garcia-Gordillo, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Urge Gerema, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Davide Golinelli, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Girma Garedew Goyomsa, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Bhawna Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Harapan Harapan, Reza Hashempour, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Salman Hussain, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mustapha Immurana, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mahsa Jalili, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Rajendra Kadel, Dler Hussein Kadir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rajesh Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S Kantar, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Vikash Ranjan Keshri, Cumali Keskin, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Himanshu Khajuria, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Stefan Kohler, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Dian Kusuma, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Anders O Larsson, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Lee-Ling Lim, László Lorenzovici, Rafael Lozano, Vanessa Sintra Machado Machado, Farzan Madadizadeh, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ana Laura Manda, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Miquel Martorell, Ali Masoud, Elezebeth Mathews, Richard James Maude, Enkeleint A Mechili, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, José João João Mendes Mendes, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Awoke Misganaw, Marcello Moccia, Javad Moghadasi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Marita Mohammadshahi, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Shruti Murthy, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nafise Noroozi, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Chukwudi Abrahams Obi, Abiola Ogunkoya, In-Hwan Oh, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, John Nelson Opio, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Tamás Palicz, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Tarang Parekh, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jay Patel, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Shrikant Pawar, Simone Perna, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I Prada, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Temam Beshir Raru, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ramin Ravangard, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Robert C Reiner, Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mavra A Riaz, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Aly M A Saad, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Maitreyi Sahu, Morteza Saki, Payman Salamati, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Francesco Sanmarchi, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Yaser Sayadi, Falk Schwendicke, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Naomi Setshegetso, Allen Seylani, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rajesh Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Aziz Sheikh, Suchitra M Shenoy, Adithi Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, K M Shivakumar, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Wudneh Simegn, Jasvinder A Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Natia 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S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaki, L, Zaman, B, Zangeneh, A, Zare Dehnavi, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, Z, Zuhlke, L, Zuniga, Y, Hay, S, Murray, C, and Dieleman, J

Subjects
coordination, communication, outbreak response, COVID-19, GBD, response plan, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, contact management, pandemic Covid 19, financing, epidemic alert, epidemiological investigation, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, international health regulation, surveillance, Global burden disease, global spending, preparedne
Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9 center dot 2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9 center dot 1-9 center dot 3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7 center dot 3 trillion (95% UI 7 center dot 2-7 center dot 4) in 2019; 293 center dot 7 times the $24 center dot 8 billion (95% UI 24 center dot 3-25 center dot 3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43 center dot 1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1 center dot 8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37 center dot 8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12 center dot 2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health -related COVID-19 response is 252 center dot 2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11-21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00007-4

Published
2023

242. Decolorizing Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaf extracts with activated charcoal and qualitative analysis of stevioside using chromatographic methods

Author

Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan, Kazi Asma Ahmed Shamima, Meher Nahid, Sadia Afrin, Mohammad Amirul Hoque, Mohammad Majedul Haque, Md. Khabir Uddin Sarker, Md. Abdus Satter Miah, and Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh

Abstract

Background The Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaves are natural low-calorie sweeteners used in many products, including foods, drinks, medicines, cosmetics, and more. This study aimed to use activated charcoal to remove color, purify stevioside from Stevia leaves, and utilize the chromatographic method to confirm its identity. Results We developed a novel eco-friendly method to decolorize and purify stevioside from Stevia leaf. The yield of stevioside was calculated by weighing the crystallized sample following freeze-drying. The average yield is 8.13%. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were performed to confirm the identification. This purified sample showed a wavelength region of 4000–650 cm-1 in the FT-IR and a UV-Vis spectrum at 206.49 nm, which referred to it as a stevioside. In HPLC, the purified sample did an accuracy and precision test with standard stevioside, which gave a similar peak to the purified sample at the same retention time. According to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the purity of stevioside is 98.12%. The pH effect on the decolorization of Stevia leaf extracts with activated charcoal was 5.5–8.0. Conclusion In contrast to other commercially available methods, the above process can inexpensively purify stevioside from Stevia leaves.

Published
2022
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243. Decolorization of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaf extracts with activated charcoal and qualitative analysis of stevioside using chromatographic methods

Author

Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan, Kazi Asma Ahmed Shamima, Meher Nahid, Sadia Afrin, Mohammad Amirul Hoque, Mohammad Majedul Haque, Md. Khabir Uddin Sarker, Md. Abdus Satter Miah, and Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh

Abstract

Background The Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaves are natural low-calorie sweeteners that are used in a wide range of products, including foods, drinks, medicines, cosmetics, and more. The current study aims to obtain high-purity stevioside by decolorizing the Stevia leaf extracts with activated charcoal, then purifying them with 70% ethanol, and concentrating them in a rotary evaporator, respectively. Results The yield was then calculated by weighing the crystallized sample following freeze-drying. The average yield is 8.13%. According to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the purity is 98.12%. The obtained stevioside was compared to standard stevioside and confirmed using Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The purified sample showed a wavelength region of 4000–650 cm-1 in FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrum was found at a wavelength of 206.49 nm. An accuracy and precision test was done with a crystal sample, which gave a similar spectrum to the standard stevioside at the same retention time in HPLC. The pH effect on the decolorization of Stevia leaf extracts with activated charcoal was 5.5–8.0. Conclusion In contrast to other commercially available methods, the aforementioned method can be used to purify pure stevioside from Stevialeaf extracts rapidly, simply, and, inexpensively.

Published
2022
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244. High-risk HPV infection-associated hypermethylated genes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Author

Yoshikuni, Inokawa, Masamichi, Hayashi, Shahnaz, Begum, Maartje G, Noordhuis, Daivd, Sidransky, Joseph, Califano, Wayne, Koch, Mariana, Brait, William H, Westra, and Mohammad O, Hoque

Subjects
Cancer Research, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Papillomavirus E7 Proteins, Papillomavirus Infections, Oncogene Proteins, Viral, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, DNA, Viral, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Genetics, Humans, Papillomaviridae, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Abstract

Background HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are sensitive to chemo-radiation therapy and have favorable survival outcomes compared with HPV-negative cancers. These tumors are usually not related to tobacco and alcohol exposure. Therefore, diagnosing HPV-positive OPSCCs for the appropriate disease management is crucial, and no suitable markers are available for detecting early malignancies in HPV-infected tissues. In this study, we attempt to find HPV-specific epigenetic biomarkers for OPSCCs. Methods A total of 127 surgical samples were analyzed for HPV positivity and promoter methylation of a panel of genes. HPV detection was performed by PCR detection of HPV E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins. In addition, promoter methylation of a total of 8 genes (DAPK, FHIT, RASSF1A, TIMP3, AGTR1, CSGALNACT2, GULP1 and VGF) was analyzed by quantitative-methylation specific PCR (QMSP), and their associations with HPV positivity or RB/p16 expressions were evaluated. Results AGTR1 and FHIT were frequently methylated in HPV-positive OPSCC samples with a good area under the curve (AUC over 0.70). In addition, these genes' promoter methylation was significantly associated with p16 positive and RB negative cases, which were the characteristics of OPSCC cases with favorable survival outcomes. Either AGTR1 or FHIT methylated cases were significantly associated with HPV-positive cancers with 92.0% sensitivity (P P = 0.047) than both unmethylated cases. Conclusions A combination of AGTR1 and FHIT methylation demonstrated a suitable detection marker of OPSCCs derived from the HPV-infected field, familiar with p16-positive and RB-negative phenotypes.

Published
2022
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