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201. DeSantis Super PAC Helps Pay for Private Flights, in Unusual Move

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis, Nehamas, Nicholas, Goldmacher, Shane, and Haberman, Maggie

Subjects
Campaign funds -- Laws, regulations and rules, Political fund raising -- Laws, regulations and rules, Political action committees -- Laws, regulations and rules, Campaign finance reform -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The Florida governor’s campaign, facing a cash crunch, has found a way to offload the steep costs of private air travel. Campaign finance experts say the arrangement could test the [...]

Published
2023

202. Trump's Campaign Has as Much Cash as All His Rivals Combined

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis, Epstein, Reid J., and Bender, Michael C.

Subjects
Primaries, Electioneering, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, Ex-presidents, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Ron DeSantis has spent heavily and Nikki Haley has padded her war chest. On the Democratic side, President Biden continues to show overall strength, and the party's incumbent senators fared [...]

Published
2023

203. Tim Scott’s Super PAC Pulls the Plug on Fall Ads

Author

Goldmacher, Shane, Haberman, Maggie, and O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political advertising, Political action committees, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

In a memo, the super PAC told donors that it was not going to “waste our money when the electorate isn’t focused or ready for a Trump alternative.” The main [...]

Published
2023

204. Trump’s Giant Lead Is Financial, Too: 6 Takeaways From 2024 Filings

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis, Epstein, Reid J., and Bender, Michael C.

Subjects
Primaries, Electioneering, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, Ex-presidents, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Ron DeSantis has spent heavily and Nikki Haley has padded her war chest. On the Democratic side, President Biden continues to show overall strength, and the party’s incumbent senators fared [...]

Published
2023

205. Dennis Kucinich Leaves Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s Presidential Campaign

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis and Epstein, Reid J.

Subjects
Electioneering, Political campaigns, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

In a shake-up just days after announcing his independent bid, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. replaced his campaign manager Dennis J. Kucinich with his daughter-in-law. Dennis J. Kucinich left his post [...]

Published
2023

206. Kennedy Announces He Will Run for President as an Independent

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Vaccines, Presidents -- Elections, Conspiracy theories, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The political scion told supporters he would end his campaign as a Democratic candidate and run as an independent, potentially upsetting the dynamics of the 2024 election. In a move [...]

Published
2023

207. Haley Raises $11 Million, Battling With DeSantis to Take On Trump

Author

Goldmacher, Shane and O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The former South Carolina governor has made gains in recent months -- in fund-raising and polling -- that have helped her compete for the No. 2 spot in the primary [...]

Published
2023

208. R.N.C. Thwarts Plans for Unofficial Ramaswamy-Christie Debate

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
FOX News Network L.L.C., Cable television broadcasting industry, Campaign debates, News, opinion and commentary, Republican National Committee
Abstract

The candidates criticized the committee for threatening to bar them from future debates if they took part in a face-off presented by Fox News. The entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy and Chris [...]

Published
2023

209. Trump's Resilience Makes Big G.O.P. Donors Anxious

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political parties, Political fund raising, Ex-presidents -- Political aspects -- Political activity, General interest, News, opinion and commentary, Republican Party (United States) -- Political activity -- Political aspects
Abstract

The party's big donors have made clear their distaste for the former president. Now, as he barrels toward the nomination, they are reacting with a mix of hand-wringing, calls to [...]

Published
2023

210. Trump’s Resilience Leaves Anxious G.O.P. Donors in Despair and Denial

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political parties, Political fund raising, Ex-presidents -- Political aspects -- Political activity, News, opinion and commentary, Republican Party (United States) -- Political activity -- Political aspects
Abstract

The party’s big donors have made clear their distaste for the former president. Now, as he barrels toward the nomination, they are reacting with a mix of hand-wringing, calls to [...]

Published
2023

211. For Politicians, Vacations Can Be a Lot of Work

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
The Associated Press -- Political activity, News agencies -- Political activity -- Political aspects, Campaign debates -- Political aspects, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Rebecca Davis O'Brien Taking a break from the campaign trail is risky. History is littered with cautionary tales of candidates who got it wrong. Labor Day weekend, once the [...]

Published
2023

212. For Politicians, Vacations Are Mostly Work and Almost No Play

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
The Associated Press -- Political activity, News agencies -- Political activity -- Political aspects, Campaign debates -- Political aspects, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Taking a break from the campaign trail is risky. History is littered with cautionary tales of candidates who got it wrong. Labor Day weekend, once the official kickoff of campaign [...]

Published
2023

213. For Politicians, Vacations Can Be a Lot of Work

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Campaign debates -- Political aspects, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Taking a break from the campaign trail is risky. History is littered with cautionary tales of candidates who got it wrong. Labor Day weekend, once the official kickoff of campaign [...]

Published
2023

214. Beyond the Debate, Republicans Are Deep in the 2024 Ad Wars

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political parties, Electioneering, Political advertising -- Political aspects, Political campaigns, Advertising executives -- Political activity -- Political aspects, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Rebecca Davis O'Brien Many of the party's presidential candidates have spent heavily as they try to introduce themselves to voters. Ads for Donald Trump, meanwhile, look ahead to a [...]

Published
2023

215. How Trump Uses Supporters' Donations to Pay His Legal Bills

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Costs (Law), Political action committees, Ex-presidents, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Rebecca Davis O'Brien Facing a wide array of criminal charges, the former president is using money from small donors to defend himself legally - a practice that raises ethical [...]

Published
2023

216. Polyclonal Responses of γδ T Cells to Heat Shock Proteins

Author

Born, Willi, primary, DeGroote, Mary Ann, additional, Yang-Xin, Fu, additional, Roark, Christina Ellis, additional, Heyborne, Kent, additional, Kalataradi, Harshan, additional, Kelly, Katherine A., additional, Reardon, Christopher, additional, and O'Brien, Rebecca, additional

Published
2020
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217. Prebreeding, Courtship, and Mating Behaviors of Wild Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis).

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca S.M., Groffen, Jordy, Dayer, Ashley A., and Hopkins, William A.

Subjects
*ANIMAL sexual behavior, *UNDERWATER cameras, *INFRARED cameras, *COURTSHIP, *RASPBERRY Pi, *REPRODUCTION
Abstract

Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) are giant, charismatic salamanders of conservation concern. Despite growing interest in their breeding behavior, significant gaps remain in our understanding of hellbender reproduction, particularly the behavior occurring immediately prior to and during breeding because these activities typically occur within the nesting cavity and out of view. In this study, we used custom-built infrared cameras installed underwater in artificial nesting shelters to record prebreeding behaviors, complete mating sequences, and failed mating attempts in 11 shelters. Using these recordings, we describe the basic mating sequence, the presence of potential alternative mating tactics, and two novel behaviors, including possible signal production via wave-based communication and unique egg laying behavior by female hellbenders. These findings add to our understanding of hellbenders' life history as well as informing conservation efforts in both captive and wild environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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218. Project M: investigating the effect of additives on calcium carbonate crystallisation through a school citizen science program.

Author

Murray, Claire A., Scientists, Project M, Holland, Laura, O'Brien, Rebecca, Richards, Alice, Baker, Annabelle R., Basham, Mark, Bond, David, Connor, Leigh D., Day, Sarah J., Filik, Jacob, Fisher, Stuart, Holloway, Peter, Levik, Karl, Mercado, Ronaldo, Potter, Jonathan, Tang, Chiu C., Thompson, Stephen P., and Parker, Julia E.

Subjects
CALCITE, CALCIUM carbonate, CRYSTALLIZATION, CITIZEN science, LATTICE constants, VATERITE, ADDITIVES
Abstract

Calcite and vaterite crystallisation is strongly influenced by the presence of additives during the reaction process, as demonstrated by organic molecules in biogenic calcium carbonate formation. The effect of additives on the lattice parameters of calcite and vaterite in syntheses are frequently reported, but only as discrete studies discussing a single polymorph. The intertwined nature of these polymorphs, due to their shared reaction pathway, is rarely discussed. In this work we report the results of a large scale citizen science project to explore the influence of amino acids and related additives on both polymorphs, highlighting their differences and commonalities in terms of the effect on the lattice parameters and polymorph selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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219. Promoting Activity, Independence, and Stability in Early Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (PrAISED): randomised controlled trial

Author

Harwood, Rowan H, primary, Goldberg, Sarah E, additional, Brand, Andrew, additional, van Der Wardt, Veronika, additional, Booth, Vicky, additional, Di Lorito, Claudio, additional, Hoare, Zoe, additional, Hancox, Jennie, additional, Bajwa, Rupinder, additional, Burgon, Clare, additional, Howe, Louise, additional, Cowley, Alison, additional, Bramley, Trevor, additional, Long, Annabelle, additional, Lock, Juliette, additional, Tucker, Rachael, additional, Adams, Emma J, additional, O’Brien, Rebecca, additional, Kearney, Fiona, additional, Kowalewska, Katarzyna, additional, Godfrey, Maureen, additional, Dunlop, Marianne, additional, Junaid, Kehinde, additional, Thacker, Simon, additional, Duff, Carol, additional, Welsh, Tomas, additional, Haddon-Silver, Annette, additional, Gladman, John, additional, Logan, Pip, additional, Pollock, Kristian, additional, Vedhara, Kavita, additional, Hood, Victoria, additional, Das Nair, Roshan, additional, Smith, Helen, additional, Tudor-Edwards, Rhiannon, additional, Hartfiel, Ned, additional, Ezeofor, Victory, additional, Vickers, Robert, additional, Orrell, Martin, additional, and Masud, Tahir, additional

Published
2023
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221. Metformin is a metabolic modulator and radiosensitiser in rectal cancer

Author

Buckley, Croí E., primary, O’Brien, Rebecca M., additional, Nugent, Timothy S., additional, Donlon, Noel E., additional, O’Connell, Fiona, additional, Reynolds, John V., additional, Hafeez, Adnan, additional, O’Ríordáin, Diarmuid S., additional, Hannon, Robert A., additional, Neary, Paul, additional, Kalbassi, Reza, additional, Mehigan, Brian J., additional, McCormick, Paul H., additional, Dunne, Cara, additional, Kelly, Michael E., additional, Larkin, John O., additional, O’Sullivan, Jacintha, additional, and Lynam-Lennon, Niamh, additional

Published
2023
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222. The facilitators and barriers to improving functional activity and wellbeing in people with dementia: a qualitative study from the process evaluation of Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED)

Author

Di Lorito, Claudio, primary, van der Wardt, Veronika, additional, Pollock, Kristian, additional, Howe, Louise, additional, Booth, Vicky, additional, Logan, Pip, additional, Gladman, John, additional, Masud, Tahir, additional, das Nair, Roshan, additional, Goldberg, Sarah, additional, Vedhara, Kavita, additional, O’Brien, Rebecca, additional, Adams, Emma, additional, Cowley, Alison, additional, Bosco, Alessandro, additional, Hancox, Jennie, additional, Burgon, Clare, additional, Bajwa, Rupinder, additional, Lock, Juliette, additional, Long, Annabelle, additional, Godfrey, Maureen, additional, Dunlop, Marianne, additional, and Harwood, Rowan H, additional

Published
2023
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223. DeSantis Burns Cash, and Pence Struggles: 5 Takeaways From 2024 Filings

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis and Epstein, Reid J.

Subjects
Electioneering, Political campaigns, Presidents -- Elections, Ex-presidents, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Rebecca Davis O'Brien and Reid J. Epstein Warning signs for Ron DeSantis were among the biggest developments of the latest campaign filings, which created a fuller financial picture of [...]

Published
2023

224. DeSantis Spends and Pence Lags: 5 Takeaways From 2024 Filings

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis and Epstein, Reid J.

Subjects
Electioneering, Political campaigns, Presidential candidates -- Public opinion -- Political activity, Presidential elections (United States), General interest, News, opinion and commentary, Republican Party (United States) -- Personalities -- Political activity
Abstract

Warning signs for Ron DeSantis were among the biggest developments of the latest campaign filings, which created a fuller financial picture of the 2024 field. As a fuller financial picture [...]

Published
2023

225. Democrats In Senate Set the Pace In Donations

Author

King, Maya and O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering -- Finance, Campaign funds, Political fund raising, Legislators -- Political activity, Political campaigns -- Finance, Congressional candidates -- Political activity, Company financing, General interest, News, opinion and commentary, Democratic Party (United States) -- Political activity
Abstract

The 2024 election map is a challenging one for Democrats -- especially in states they need to hold for a majority. But the incumbents made a strong financial showing this [...]

Published
2023

226. Senate Democrats Outpace Republicans in Fund-Raising in Key States

Author

King, Maya and O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Wisconsin. State Senate -- Political activity, Political parties -- Ohio -- Montana, Political fund raising, Company financing, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The 2024 election map is a challenging one for Democrats — especially in states they need to hold for a majority. But the incumbents made a strong financial showing this [...]

Published
2023

227. DeSantis Sheds Staff Amid Heavy Spending

Author

Haberman, Maggie and O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Layoffs, Electioneering, Fund raising, Political campaigns, Ex-presidents, Company personnel management, Layoff, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The dismissals come as his campaign for the Republican nomination for president struggles to gain traction against former President Donald J. Trump, who is leading in polls. Gov. Ron DeSantis [...]

Published
2023

228. What to Watch in the 2024 Money Wars as a Big Deadline Arrives

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering, Television programs -- Political aspects, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, Presidents -- Elections, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Which presidential and Senate candidates are swimming in cash? Which ones are growing desperate? That and more is becoming clearer on Saturday, when campaigns must file their latest federal reports. [...]

Published
2023

229. What to Watch in the 2024 Money Wars as a Big Deadline Arrives

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering -- Forecasts and trends, Political fund raising -- Laws, regulations and rules, Political campaigns -- Forecasts and trends, Presidential candidates -- Political activity -- Public relations, Government regulation, Company public relations, Market trend/market analysis, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Which presidential and Senate candidates are swimming in cash? Which ones are growing desperate? That and more will become clearer on Saturday, when campaigns must file their latest federal reports. [...]

Published
2023

230. DeSantis's Striking, Risky Strategy: Not Trying to Trick Small Donors

Author

Nehamas, Nicholas, O'Brien, Rebecca Davis, and Goldmacher, Shane

Subjects
Electioneering, Text messaging, Political campaigns, Presidents -- Elections, Text messaging, General interest, Republican Party (United States)
Abstract

Byline: Nicholas Nehamas, Rebecca Davis O'Brien and Shane Goldmacher Diverging from Donald Trump, who has often cajoled, guilt-tripped and even misled small donors, the DeSantis team is pledging to avoid [...]

Published
2023

231. DeSantis Vows Effort To Finance Campaign Won't Resort to Tricks

Author

Nehamas, Nicholas, O'Brien, Rebecca Davis, and Goldmacher, Shane

Subjects
Electioneering -- Finance -- 2024 AD, Political fund raising -- Methods -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Ethical aspects -- 2024 AD, Political campaigns -- Finance -- 2024 AD, Presidential elections (United States) -- 2024 AD, Government regulation, Company financing, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Diverging from Donald Trump, who has often cajoled, guilt-tripped and even misled small donors, the DeSantis team is pledging to avoid ''smoke and mirrors'' in its online fund-raising. In the [...]

Published
2023

232. Haley Raises $7.3 Million, Showing Strength With Small Donors

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering, Campaign funds, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, Presidential candidates -- Political activity, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The amount showed Ms. Haley's strength with small donors, but fell well below numbers broadcast by her leading Republican presidential rivals, Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis. Nikki Haley, the former [...]

Published
2023

233. Nikki Haley Raises $7.3 Million, With More in an Allied Super PAC

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political action committees, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The amount showed Ms. Haley’s strength with small donors, but fell well below numbers broadcast by her leading Republican presidential rivals, Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis. Nikki Haley, the former [...]

Published
2023

234. Donor Haul Sets DeSantis As Top Rival To Trump

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis and Nehamas, Nicholas

Subjects
Electioneering, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The Florida governor had an impressive quarter, but the fund-raising numbers also raised questions about his ability to keep pace over the course of the Republican primary. Gov. Ron DeSantis [...]

Published
2023

235. DeSantis Boasts $20 Million Haul, but Full Picture of Money Race Is Still Hazy

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis and Nehamas, Nicholas

Subjects
Political action committees, Ex-presidents, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The Florida governor had an impressive quarter, but the fund-raising numbers also raised questions about his ability to keep pace over the course of the Republican primary. Gov. Ron DeSantis [...]

Published
2023

236. Kennedy Gets $10 Million For Challenge To President

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political fund raising -- Statistics, Political action committees -- Social aspects, Presidential candidates -- Political activity -- Public relations, Company public relations, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

A super PAC backing Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said an even mix of Republicans and Democrats contributed to its $10.25 million haul. A political action committee supporting Robert F. Kennedy [...]

Published
2023

237. Pro-Kennedy Super PAC Says It Has Raised $10 Million

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering, Political fund raising, Political campaigns, Political action committees -- Political aspects, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

A super PAC backing Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said an even mix of Republicans and Democrats contributed to its $10.25 million haul. A political action committee supporting Robert F. Kennedy [...]

Published
2023

238. Robert Kennedy Jr. Reports Income of $7.8 Million

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Personal injuries, Law firms -- Company sales and earnings, Campaign funds, Political fund raising, Vaccines, Pharmaceutical industry -- Company sales and earnings, Company earnings/profit, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The presidential candidate and anti-vaccine activist made nearly $1.6 million from consulting work for a law firm known for litigation against pharmaceutical companies, a filing showed. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., [...]

Published
2023

239. Condemning 'Censorship,' Kennedy Draws Support From Unlikely Coalition

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Press and politics, Censorship, Presidential candidates -- Political activity, Conspiracy theories, Environmentalists -- Political activity, Censorship issue, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

His family name, libertarian bent and support from the tech world, along with his views on censorship and vaccines, have given Robert F. Kennedy Jr. a foothold in the 2024 [...]

Published
2023

240. Kennedy, Condemning ‘Censorship,’ Hits Democrats and Courts the Disaffected

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political parties -- New Hampshire, Censorship -- Political aspects, Vaccines -- Political aspects, Conspiracy theories -- Political aspects, Propaganda -- Political aspects, Censorship issue, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

His family name, libertarian bent and support from the tech world, along with his views on censorship and vaccines, have given Robert F. Kennedy Jr. a foothold in the 2024 [...]

Published
2023

241. Trump’s campaign is silent so far on its post-indictment fund-raising haul

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Fund raising, Ex-presidents, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

That’s a departure from his indictment in a separate case earlier this year, after which the campaign gave daily updates on how much money it had raised. Since his indictment [...]

Published
2023

242. Air DeSantis: The Private Jets and Secret Donors Flying Him Around

Author

Berzon, Alexandra and O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Electioneering, Governors, Aircraft industry, Political campaigns, Presidents -- Elections, General interest
Abstract

Byline: Alexandra Berzon and Rebecca Davis O'Brien As the Florida governor hopscotched the country preparing to run for president, a Michigan nonprofit paid the bills. It won't say where it [...]

Published
2023

243. Donors Help DeSantis Stay Frequent Flier

Author

Berzon, Alexandra and O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Air travel -- Finance -- United States, Company financing, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

As the Florida governor hopscotched the country preparing to run for president, a Michigan nonprofit paid the bills. It won't say where it got the money. For Ron DeSantis, Sunday, [...]

Published
2023

244. Nikki Haley’s Financial Disclosures Show Speaking Fees and Other Income

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Financial disclosure, Presidents -- Elections, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The News Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor and United Nations ambassador, earned at least $1.2 million — and as much as $12 million — from speaking engagements in [...]

Published
2023

245. A Look at the Nonprofit Propping Up the Right

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political activists -- Influence, Conservatism -- Forecasts and trends, Tax returns -- Evaluation, Nonprofit organizations -- Political activity, Reformers -- Influence, Social reformers -- Influence, Law reform -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The activist, Leonard Leo, has been instrumental in pushing the federal judiciary to the right. A new tax filing offers a glimpse of the deep pool of money flowing into [...]

Published
2023

246. Group Tied to Influential Conservative Activist Spent $183 Million in a Year

Author

O’Brien, Rebecca Davis

Subjects
Political activists, Tax returns, Reformers, Social reformers, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

The activist, Leonard Leo, has been instrumental in pushing the federal judiciary to the right. A new tax filing offers a glimpse of the deep pool of money flowing into [...]

Published
2023

247. Accusations of Multiple Schemes

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis and Gold, Michael

Subjects
Financial disclosure -- Cases, Campaign funds -- Cases, Legislators -- Cases, Fraud -- Cases, Unemployment insurance -- Cases, Company legal issue, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

George Santos has been charged with 13 counts. If convicted, Mr. Santos could face up to 20 years in prison on the top counts, according to the U.S. attorney's office [...]

Published
2023

248. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Reading, Spelling, and Math Errors

Author

O'Brien, Rebecca, Pan, Xingyu, Courville, Troy, Bray, Melissa A., Breaux, Kristina, Avitia, Maria, and Choi, Dowon

Abstract

Norm-referenced error analysis is useful for understanding individual differences in students' academic skill development and for identifying areas of skill strength and weakness. The purpose of the present study was to identify underlying connections between error categories across five language and math subtests of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-Third Edition (KTEA-3) through exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). The EFA results were supportive of models with two or three factors for each of the five subtests. Significant inter-factor correlations within subtests were identified in all subtests, except between two factors within the Math Concepts and Application (MCA) subtest. There was also consistency in the covariance patterns of some error categories across subtests, particularly within the Nonsense Word Decoding (NWD) and Spelling (SP) subtests. This consistency was supportive of the proposed factor structures. The factor structures yielded by these analyses were used as the bases for the other articles in this special issue.

Published
2017
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249. Patterns of Cognitive Strengths and Weaknesses and Relationships to Math Errors

Author

Koriakin, Taylor, White, Erica, Breaux, Kristina C., DeBiase, Emily, O'Brien, Rebecca, Howell, Meiko, Costa, Michael, Liu, Xiaochen, Pan, Xingyu, and Courville, Troy

Abstract

This study investigated cognitive patterns of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) and their relationship to patterns of math errors on the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA-3). Participants, ages 5 to 18, were selected from the KTEA-3 standardization sample if they met one of two PSW profiles: high crystallized ability (Gc) paired with low processing speed/long-term retrieval (Gs/Glr; n = 375) or high Gs/Glr paired with low Gc (n = 309). Estimates of Gc and Gs/Glr were based on five KTEA-3 subtests that measure either Gc (e.g., Listening Comprehension) or Gs/Glr (e.g., Object Naming Facility). The two groups were then compared on math error factors. Significant differences favored the High-Gc group for factors that measure math calculation, basic math concepts, and complex computation. However, the two groups did not differ in their errors on factors that measure geometry/measurement or simple addition. Results indicated that students with different PSW profiles also differed in the kinds of errors they made on math tests.

Published
2017
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250. What Do Phonological Processing Errors Tell about Students' Skills in Reading, Writing, and Oral Language?

Author

Choi, Dowon, Hatcher, Ryan C., Dulong-Langley, Susan, Liu, Xiaochen, Bray, Melissa A., Courville, Troy, O'Brien, Rebecca, and DeBiase, Emily

Abstract

The kinds of errors that children and adolescents make on phonological processing tasks were studied with a large sample between ages 4 and 19 (N = 3,842) who were tested on the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-Third Edition (KTEA-3). Principal component analysis identified two phonological processing factors: Basic Phonological Awareness and Advanced Phonological Processing. Canonical analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to determine how each factor related to reading, writing, and oral language across the wide age range. Results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that the advanced error factor was more responsible for reading, writing, and oral language skills than the basic error factor. However, in the correlation analysis, both the basic and advanced factors related about equally to different aspects of achievement--including reading fluency and rapid naming--and there were few age differences.

Published
2017
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