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Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of olive oil, including key antioxidants, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and oleocanthal, is systematically examined. The mechanisms by which these compounds provide neuroprotection, including counteracting oxidative damage and modulating neuroprotective pathways, are explored. The neuroprotective efficacy of olive oil is evaluated by synthesizing findings from various sources, including in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials. The integration of olive oil into dietary patterns, particularly its role in the Mediterranean diet, and its broader implications in neurodegenerative disease prevention are also discussed. The challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications are acknowledged and future research directions are proposed to better understand the potential of olive oil in mitigating the risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights olive oil not only as a dietary component, but also as a promising candidate in preventive neurology, advocating for further investigation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we prepared and characterized lampblack of olive oil for application in supercapacitors. The lampblack was prepared by the simple technique of flame-soot method. The lampblack samples characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that they contain mostly amorphous nanosized carbon particles with oxygenated functional groups and the carbon content in the lampblack was 92.6%. The surface area of the lampblack carbon calculated from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was found to be about 302.7 m²g-1 with an average pore size of 1.69 nm obtained from the Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis. Lampblack carbon samples were used to prepare supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochemical properties of the electrodes were investigated in 6M aqueous KOH by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The specific capacitance of the electrode obtained from the GCD test was 70.36 Fg-1 at the current density of 1 Ag-1 with a low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) value of 0.81 Ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The bioactive potential of phenolic extracts derived from olive mill solid by-product (OMSbP), also called alperujo, and olive mill water (OMW), remains a topic of significant interest due to the amount of these, especially in Mediterranean regions, and their potential health benefits. In this study, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of phenolic extracts obtained from OMSbP and OMW (OMSbP-P and OMW-P, respectively) in intestinal cells were evaluated. Initially, phenol-rich extracts were prepared by ethanol/ethyl acetate extraction and were characterized by HPLC-DAD analyses. The in vitro antioxidant activity showed potent bioactivities for all extracts evaluated. Toxicity assays did not reveal adverse effects on Caco-2 cell viability at concentrations relevant to immunomodulatory activity. Subsequently, the immunomodulatory effects of these extracts were assessed by measuring gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that both OMSbP-P and OMW-P exhibit significant immunomodulatory activities, as evidenced by modulated cytokine gene expression in intestinal cells. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses of the identified phenols with the TLR4/MD2 receptor showed binding affinity, increasing the evidence that these extracts could exert immunomodulatory activity. Overall, our findings suggest that OMSbP-P and OMW-P possess promising immunomodulatory properties in intestinal cells, thus emphasizing their potential as natural therapeutic agents for managing immune-related disorders and promoting gut health. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and in vivo studies are warranted to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of these extracts.

Background: Olive oil consumption and production are evident among Lebanese households, yet little is known about the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of Lebanese consumers of olive oil. Methods: A total of 610 adolescents and adults who consume olive oil were surveyed using a semi-qualitative questionnaire comprising 47 questions between August 2022 and May 2023. Descriptive analyses of knowledge, perceptions, and practices were conducted in addition to a regression analysis of the predictors of higher knowledge. Results: 610 participants were included (61.0 % aged

The oxidative stability of olive oils extracted by different methods, i.e. conventional 2-phase extraction (cOO), and sequential extraction by expeller press (eOO) and supercritical CO2 (SCOO), was determined by using two accelerated oxidation methods, Oxitest and Rancimat, in the temperature range 90–160°C. The kinetic analyses carried out provided Arrhenius activation energies, enthalpies, entropies and Gibb’s free energies of activation, temperature coefficients, Q10 factors, and the oxidative stability indexes at 20°C (OSI20) for the different oils. A good correlation between the two techniques was obtained (r2 = 0.996). Oxitest showed, however, shorter induction times and less sample quantity (1 g vs. 3 g in Rancimat) requirements, suggesting that it could be a good and faster alternative to Rancimat for the evaluation of the oil oxidative stability. cOO showed OSI20 values of 38.5 and 42.5 months, by the Rancimat and Oxitest methods, respectively. Furthermore, eOO and SCOO showed OSI20 values of 43.3 and 138.6 months by Rancimat and 67 and 142 months by the Oxitest method, respectively. The strong correlation found between the phenolic content of the oils and their OSI20 values confirms that a higher oil phenolic content would improve the oxidative stability of the oils.

Olive oil is the most used vegetable oil for human consumption and its production represents an important economic sector, especially in Mediterranean countries. Olive trees are grown in more than 40 countries around the world on over 10 million hectares. The milling industry generates large quantities of liquid and solid residues, the disposal of which requires sophisticated and rather expensive procedures, given the polluting characteristics of the processing products. Since a considerable measure of olive-derived biomass is generated each year, it could be used as a potential source of bioactive compounds. This work evaluates the possibility of recovering natural antioxidants from by-products of the olive oil mill, through the optimization of extraction processes with green approaches. In the present work, through HPLC-PDA analysis with a validated method, it was possible to characterize a chemical profile of the extracts obtained through an optimized (DoE) and green approach. The waste products of the olive oil companies represent the samples considered in this work, and are derived from the pomace and the washing water of 2-phases, 2.5-phases, and 3-phase extra virgin olive oil (EVO) production plants. The optimized extraction methodology, starting from the 2.5-phase olive pomace, proved to be satisfactory in terms of efficiency by evaluating the effect of parameters such as extraction time and process temperature. The application of this methodology to other types of pomace and agro-industrial by-products has highlighted excellent results in terms of extraction yield, demonstrating the validity of this procedure as also suitable for other solid residues coming from the olive oil mill. Regarding the treatment in vegetation water, the developed protocol allowed the chromatographic profile of the analytes extracted from this matrix to be evaluated, leading to satisfactory results in terms of quantitative yields. Samples of these extracts are also subjected to biological tests in order to evaluate their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities.

Avocado oil stability at frying temperatures has been scarcely studied. In this work, the performance of virgin (VAO), minimally refined (MRAO) and refined (RAO) avocado oils was evaluated in deep-frying and thermoxidation experiments in comparison with sunflower (SO), high-oleic sunflower (HOSO), and virgin olive (VOO) oils. Polar compounds, polymers and tocopherols were determined. For all oils, no significant differences in polymers levels were found after 10h thermoxidation and 9 discontinuous deep-frying operation. The most stable oils were HOSO, VAO, VOO and MRAO, all showing less than 20% polar compounds after 9 frying operations. Besides the stability conferred by the predominant monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), the better frying performance shown by these four oils was attributed to the high content of tocopherols and DMPS in HOSO, and the presence of protective minor compounds in virgin oils (VAO and VOO) and MRAO.

IntroductionThe balanced fatty acid profile of olive oil not only enhances its stability but also contributes to its positive effects on health, making it a valuable dietary choice. Olive oil's high content of unsaturated fatty acids and low content of saturated fatty acids contribute to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The quantities of these fatty acids in olive oil may fluctuate due to various factors, with genotype being a crucial determinant of the oil's quality.MethodsThis study investigated the genetic basis of oil quality by comparing the transcriptome of two Iranian cultivars with contrasting oil profiles: Mari, known for its high oleic acid content, and Shengeh, characterized by high linoleic acid at Jaén index four.Results and discussionGas chromatography confirmed a significant difference in fatty acid composition between the two cultivars. Mari exhibited significantly higher oleic acid content (78.48%) compared to Shengeh (48.05%), while linoleic acid content was significantly lower in Mari (4.76%) than in Shengeh (26.69%). Using RNA sequencing at Jaén index four, we analyzed genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Differential expression analysis identified 2775 genes showing statistically significant differences between the cultivars. Investigating these genes across nine fundamental pathways involved in oil quality led to the identification of 25 effective genes. Further analysis revealed 78 transcription factors and 95 transcription binding sites involved in oil quality, with BPC6 and RGA emerging as unique factors. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying oil quality in olive cultivars. The findings have practical implications for olive breeders and producers, potentially streamlining cultivar selection processes and contributing to the production of high-quality olive oil.

Aim: The objective of the present research was to compare the nutritional status, weight gain, length of hospital stay, and the development of some complications in very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants who received and those who did not receive olive oil supplementation enterally. Materials and Methods: This study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial with 96 VLBW infants (intervention: 48, control: 48) in a neonatal intensive care unit. In this study, those infants who met the inclusion criteria for the study were divided into two groups by using a random number table. The same feeding protocol (breast milk and/or formula milk) was applied to the infants in both groups. From the seventh day of life (after starting to take 25-30 mL/kg/day orally), 0.5 cc/30 mL of olive oil was added to the milk at each feeding of those infants in the intervention group. Results: In comparison with the control group, the infants in the intervention group had a higher daily weight gain rate in the first month and a higher weight on the tenth day, a shorter transition time to full enteral feeding, a higher amount of calories on the day of transition to full enteral feeding, and a shorter length of hospital stay (p

橄榄油中的生物酚是具有广泛生物活性的极其复杂的极性酚类物质，不仅化学结构异质、性质多不稳定、异构化程度高，而且橄榄多酚等歧义概念的长期共存，使得生物酚始终没有理想的测定方法，一定程度上影响了橄榄油的品质控制及贸易。为了寻求突破橄榄油中生物酚测定瓶颈的对策，为橄榄油中生物酚的准确定量提供理论参考，综述了多酚、酚类化合物、橄榄油多酚与生物酚等类似术语使用范围的异同，分析了欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）关于橄榄油多酚健康声称中术语模糊、缺失适用分析方法的争议，从裂环烯醚萜类化合物的复杂异构体与衍生物、色谱基线分离不可行、标准品缺失、单体酚法与总酚法的不兼容性4个方面阐述了橄榄油中生物酚准确定量的瓶颈，并对突破瓶颈的4个具有潜力的研究方向进行展望，即实现全回收率与零人工产物的直接进样法，提升分辨力与准确性的离子淌度质谱（IM-MS），降低基质效应与提升灵敏度的二维液相色谱（LC×LC），加速裂环烯醚萜类标准品研制。橄榄油生物酚准确定量的瓶颈将长期存在，方法突破有赖于更深入的基础研究与创新技术的应用。Biophenols in olive oil are extremely complex polar phenolic substances with a wide range of biological activities. Not only the heterogeneous in chemical structure, unstable in nature and highly isomerised, but also the long-term co-existence of ambiguous concepts, such as olive polyphenols, has resulted in the lack of an ideal method for the determination of biophenols, which has affected the quality control of olive oil and its trade to a certain extent. In order to seek countermeasures to break through the bottleneck in the determination of biophenols in olive oil and to provide theoretical references for the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil, the similarities and differences in the scope of use of similar terms such as polyphenols, phenolic compounds, olive oil polyphenols and biophenols were summarized, and the controversy over the ambiguity of terminology and the lack of applicable analytical methods for the health claims of olive oil polyphenols in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) were analysed. From the secoiridoids complex isomers and derivatives, infeasibility of chromatographic baseline separation, lack of standards, incompatibility of phenolic monomer addition and total phenol determination, the bottleneck of accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil were introduced, and four potential research directions for breaking through the bottlenecks, i.e., direct injection with full recovery and zero artefacts, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to improve resolution and accuracy, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) to reduce matrix effects and increase sensitivity, and accelerating development of standards for secoiridoids were prospected. The bottleneck in the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil will persist for a long time, and methodological breakthroughs depend on more in-depth basic research and the application of innovative technologies.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be classified as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There is scarcity of the published data on the risk factors for HCC in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries specifically Kuwait. Therefore, this case-control study sought to examine the risk factors associated with HCC in Kuwait. Methods Fifty-three histopathologically confirmed HCC cases were recruited from the Kuwait Cancer Control Center Registry. One hundred ninety-six controls (1:4 ratio) were selected from medical and/ or surgical outpatient’s clinics at all six public hospitals of Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data both from cases and controls through face-to-face interviews. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to the case-control data. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the parameters’ estimates of the final model and used for interpretation of the model. Results The HCC cases compared with the controls were 41.6 times more likely to have had the history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (ORadj = 41.6; 95% CI: 8.9–193.5; p

Abstract Background We aimed to analyze the outcomes of intraarticular extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) injection on mechanically induced rabbit knee osteoarthritis (OA) by studying the morphological, histological, and radiological findings. Methods The study was conducted on 32 New Zealand White rabbits. The randomly numbered subjects were divided into two main groups. The rabbits numbered 1 to 16 were selected to be the group to receive EVOO, and the remaining were selected into a control group. Both groups were separated into two subgroups for short-term (five weeks) and long-term (10 weeks) follow-up. Anterior cruciate ligament transection was applied on the left knees of all the rabbits via medial parapatellar arthrotomy to simulate knee instability. Immediately after the surgical procedure, 0.2 cc of EVOO was injected into the knee joint of rabbits numbered 1–16, and the control group received 0.2 cc of sterile saline. On the 14th day, long-term group subjects were administered another dose of 0.2 cc EVOO intraarticularly. Results The gross morphological scores of the control group subjects were significantly different from the EVOO group for both short-term (p = 0,055) and long-term (p = 0,041) scores. In parallel, the MRI results of the EVOO subjects were significantly different from the control group for both short-term and long-term follow-up assessment scores (p = 0.017, p = 0.014, respectively). The Mankin scoring results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the EVOO and control group in the comparison of both total scores (p = 0.001 for short-term and p = 0.004 for long-term) and subgroup scoring, including macroscopic appearance, chondrocyte cell number, staining, and Tidemark integrity in both short-term (p = 0.005, p = 0.028, p = 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively) and long-term assessments (p = 0.002, p = 0.014, p

In the archaeological excavations started in 2006 at Mount Nif (Olympos) in the east of Izmir, within the borders of Kemalpaşa, Torbalı, Buca and Bornova today, the evidence of different productions was found. Especially, data on metal, and agricultural productions are evaluated in detail. Various finds showing that metal was produced in the Antiquity were found with the excavations in Karamattepe, Kemalpaşa, Vişneli. Among the ancient metallurgical activities in Karamattepe, it has become certain that bronze casting, silver separation from ore, iron smelting and iron shaping workshops were carried out. Karamattepe is a unique example in terms of presenting finds related to different metallurgical activities in the same area. Archaeological evidence of this mining and metal production activity, which is understood to have at least two phases, provided us valuable information revealing the nature and history of this settlement between Lydia and Ionia, which is not mentioned in inscriptions and ancient sources. Lacks in the typology and the dating of the products obtained as a result of these metallurgical activities are clarified with Karamattepe finds. Around Mount Nif, the surface finds belonging to the installations showing that olive oil and wine production, were made in Antiquity as well as today. The first evaluations about these show that agricultural production areas are not located in the settlement but a little further outside. Determining the functions and distributions of these agricultural production traces will provide data for studies on understanding the road networks, trade capacity and demography of the region in Antiquity.