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Karsten, DB, Fu, Y, Larumbe-Zabala, DE, Seijo, DM, and Naclerio, DF. Impact of two high-volume set configuration workouts on resistance training outcomes in recreationally trained men. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S136-S143, 2021-This study compared the effects of 2 weekly equalized by volume, loading zone and frequency resistance training designs using repetition to failure (RTF) or not to failure (NTF), on body composition, strength, and mechanical power. Based on individual baseline maximal strength, 18 recreationally resistance-trained men were pair-matched and consequently randomly assigned to an RTF (n = 9) or an NTF (n = 9) protocol. Subjects trained for 6 weeks using 2 different routines performed once per week (2 workouts per week). The RTF protocol comprised 4 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise with 2-minute rest and the NTF involved 8 sets of 5 repetitions per exercise with 1-minute rest. Subjects were tested pre- and post-intervention for maximal strength, upper- and lower-body power, fat-free mass, limb circumferences, and muscle thickness. Compared to baseline, both groups improved (p0.01) the maximal loads lifted in the bench press (RTF +9.44 ± 3.00 kg; NTF +7.22 ± 4.41 kg) and the squat (RTF +9.44 ± 4.64 kg; NTF +11.1 ± 10.33 kg) exercises, but only the NTF group increased (p0.05) upper-body power (+15.73 ± 12.59 W). Conversely, only the RTF group showed significant (p0.05) increase of the elbow flexors (+3.44 ± 5.11 mm) and vastus medialis (+3.28 ± 2.32 mm) thickness, whereas both groups enhanced anterior deltoid thickness (RTF +1.84 ± 1.68 mm, p0.05; NTF +2.76 ± 2.63 mm, p0.01). Although both training strategies improved strength, the RTF group elicited superior hypertrophic outcomes, whereas the NTF protocol resulted in more favorable improvements for upper-body power.

Resistance literature is gaining prominence in the literary world celebrating the richness of native indigenous cultures that were under colonial rule. While Moroccan literature has often captured the attention of critics with regard to local politics, extensive studies focusing on resistance literature is yet to gain momentum. This study presents how themes of resistance and struggle echo in The Moor’s Account by Laila Lalami and The Simple Past by Dris Charaibi and strives to discover the extent to which resistance becomes successful against colonial rule.

Acne is elevated of skin secretion with hyperkeratosis causing Propionibacterium acnes. The goal of studywas to assess the anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial potential of Thymol oil compare Gel face ,and is themain bacterium involved in the acne. The unpredictable use of antibiotics for the treatment of acne may endup within the advancement of bacterial resistance.

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is one of the most promising materials for high frequency power switching due to its exceptional properties such as large saturation velocity, high carrier mobility, and high breakdown field strength. The high switching frequency of GaN-based power converters can lead to a significant reduction of the size of passive components, such as capacitors and inductors, and thus, increasing the power density of the overall system . Due to the polarization effect induced high density and high mobility 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, GaN HEMT is an intrinsic normally-on (D-mode) transistor. However, normallyoff transistors are required in most power eletronics systam for safe operation and easier driver design. Despite the presence of several commercial GaN HEMT based devices, current GaN device performance is far from the fundamental materials capabilities, as relatively large onresistance ( RON), smaller threshold voltage ( VTH) and insufficient breakdown voltage ( VBR) . Moreover, CMOS logic in GaN is not feasible today due to the poor performance of p-type GaN devices, which hinders the development of GaN monolithic integration power IC. Recently, tri-gate structures are attracting considerable attention due to their better gate control and enhanced VBR compared to planar devices, without degrading the RON. In addition, tri-gates allow a controllable positive shift of VTH by changing the fin width, due to the partial relaxation of the AlGaN barrier and the enhanced electrostatic control from the tri-gate sidewalls. This would offer the possibility to maintain high VTH and low RON at the same time. In this thesis, we proposes a few technologies combined with tri-gate structure to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we present normally-off GaN-on-Si MOSFETs based on the combination of tri-gate with a short barrier recess to yield a large positive VTH, while maintaining a low RON and high current density (ID ).The tri-gate structure offered excellent channel control, enhancing the VTH up to +1.4 V at 1µA/mm for the recessed tri-gate, along with a much reduced hysteresis in VTH, and a significantly increased transconductance (gm). Additional conduction channels at the sidewalls of the tri-gate trenches compensated the degradation in RON from the gate recess, resulting in a small RON of 7.32 ± 0.26 ℊ·mm for gate to drain length (LGD of 15 µm, and an increase in the maximum output current (IDmax). Secondly, we propose a new concept for normally-off AlGaN/GaN-on-Si MOS-HEMTs based on the combination of p-GaN, tri-gate and MOS structures to achieve high VTH and low RON. The p-GaN is used to engineer the band structure and reduce the carrier density (Ns) in the tri-gate structure for a high VTH. The gate control is mainly achieved from field-effect through the tri-gate sidewalls, and does not rely on injection of gate current. The MOS structure enables much larger gate voltages ( VG) and the effective sidewall modulation results in excellent switching performance at high switching frequencies. In addition, this concept eliminates the need for thin barriers (typical in p-GaN devices), which combined to the conduction channels formed at the tri-gate sidewalls, resulted in a smaller RON compared with planar p-GaN structures. Finally, we investigated NMOS GaN-based logic gates including NOT, NAND, and NOR by integration of E/D-mode GaN MOSHEMTs. The GaN NMOS inverter was achieved with logic swing voltage of 4.93 V at a suppl

[EN] The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of lulo juice as substrate for producing a potentially probiotic beverage with Lactobacillus reuteri CECT 925. Lulo juices at two pH levels and two levels of HPH treatment have been considered to evaluate the effect of these variables on Lactobacillus reuteri CECT 925 growth, physicochemical and antioxidant properties, and the resistance of microbial cells to gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Regarding the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri CECT 925, it was mainly affected by the pH of the medium, the rectified juice at pH 5.5 being the most appropriated one. The growth of Lactobacillus reuteri CECT 925 mainly increased the antiradical capacity of the juices. In general, Lactobacillus reuteri CECT 925 showed good resistance to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion conditions, reaching levels above 10(7) CFU/mL in all cases. The highest resistance was observed in the juice treated at 150 MPa followed by the juice homogenized at 100 MPa., Authors thank the grant provided to Leidy I. Hinestroza by Technological University of Chocó-Colombia [Fortalecimiento de los Encadenamientos Productivos de las Subregiones del Chocó. BPIN 2013000100284].

Rapid increases in genomic insights into the molecular sub-structure of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have not been followed by similarly rapid improvements in therapeutic options, until recently. A swathe of new drug approvals by the FDA has resulted in a subset of drugs also receiving approval in the European Union (EMA). These drugs have been discussed elsewhere in this book. This chapter will focus on new, non-immune-based therapies which have potential to make a clinical impact for patients with AML in the near future. These agents and their targets include venetoclax (BCL-2), enasidenib (IDH2), ivosidenib (IDH1), glasdegib (Hedgehog), CC-486 (methylation), quizartinib (FLT3), APR-246 (mutant TP53), idasanutlin (MDM2) and pracinostat (HDAC). We aim to briefly summarise key clinical data in relation to these drugs, with a focus on resistance mechanisms and potential future strategies to overcome these evolutionary hurdles.

Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. While QSIs have great application potential in a variety of fields, their joint effects with antibiotics on bacteria, especially on antibiotic resistance mutations, remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report the joint effects of four commonly used antibiotics and two QSIs on bacterial growth and resistance mutations in E. coli. It was found that QSIs presented antagonistic or additive effects with antibiotics on bacterial growth, and more importantly, QSIs exhibited an attenuating effect on antibiotic-induced resistance mutations. Further analysis demonstrated that antibiotics might enhance resistance mutations by promoting the expressions of rpoS, lexA and recA, while QSIs attenuated the mutations by promoting the expressions of mutS and uvrD. The present research provides a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of antibiotics and QSIs on bacteria, which may benefit the risk assessment of their combined exposure.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of drug holidays during summer vacations among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were treated with methylphenidate in terms of ADHD symptoms and executive functions.The study was a prospective cohort study that includes pre-treatment, post-treatment and post-drug holiday evaluations. ADHD symptom severity was evaluated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Conners' Parental Rating Scale-Short Form (CPRS) and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale- Short Form (CTRS). The Stroop Color Word Test- TBAG Form (SCWT) was used to evaluate executive functions. Fifty-one patients participated in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methylphenidate (MPH) was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated weekly to a maximum of 1.2 mg/kg/day. During the follow-up period, 22 (43.0%) of the patients stopped treatment.Completion times for all SCWT subtests were significantly reduced after treatment (Our results suggest that psychomotor speed and resistance to interference improved in children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treatment. Drug holidays did not affect psychomotor speed while beneficial effects on resistance to interference were reduced with drug holidays.

Nowadays, apart from having to know first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens well, we must also be prepared to face treatment failures. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of rifabutin in the management of H. pylori infection. Bibliographical searches were performed in PubMed. Data on resistance and efficacy of rifabutin-containing regimens on H. pylori eradication were meta-analyzed. Mean H. pylori rifabutin resistance rate (39 studies, including 9721 patients) was 0.13%; when studies only including patients naïve to H. pylori eradication treatment were considered, this figure was even lower (0.07%). Mean H. pylori eradication rate (by intention-to-treat) with rifabutin-containing regimens (3052 patients) was 73%. Respective cure rates for second-, third-, fourth- and fifth-line therapies, were 79%, 69%, 69% and 72%. Most studies administered rifabutin 300 mg/day, which seemed to be more effective than 150 mg/day. The ideal length of treatment remains unclear, but 10–12-day regimens are generally recommended. Adverse events to rifabutin treatment in H. pylori studies were relatively infrequent (15%), and severe adverse events were exceptional (myelotoxicity was the most significant, although always reversible). In summary, rifabutin-containing therapy represents an encouraging strategy generally restricted, at present, to patients where previous (usually multiple) eradication regimens have failed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

In this work, we demonstrated the NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction with reduced reverse current and on-resistance via F plasma pre-treatment. The band offsets and the elemental composition of the heterojunction are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It shows that the valence and conduction band offsets of the NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction decrease with F plasma pre-treatment. The on-current of Ni/NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes increases from 10-3 to 11.82 A/cm2, which corresponds to the on-resistance of 100 to 0.2 Ω cm2, and the ideality factor decreases from 2.42 to 1.06. For less than 40 V reverse bias, the leakage current of the heterojunction can be suppressed with F pre-treatment. It is reduced from 10−5 to 10−6 A/cm2 under −20 V bias. In addition, the electrical properties of the heterojunction are restored after thermal cycling. The n-type NiOx and interface F plasma pre-treatment processes exhibit good temperature stability. These observations in the Ni/NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction with the F plasma pre-treatment show a great potential in improving the performance of gallium oxide-based heterojunctions.

Resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTH) is an autosomal dominant or recessive genetic disease caused by mutation of either the thyroid hormone receptorβ (THR-β) gene or the thyroid hormone receptorα (THR-α) gene. RTH due to mutations of the THR-β gene (hereafter, RTH-β) is characterized by a decreased response of the target tissue to thyroid hormone, increased serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), and inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, normal or elevated). Clinical manifestations of RTH-β vary from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism or simple goiter, and RTH-β is often misdiagnosed clinically. The present review was prepared for the purpose of expanding knowledge of RTH-β in order to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.

TVS devices have been widely used in portable devices to improve the ESD robustness in system level ESD test. TVS model with good accuracy is desirable in the system level ESD simulation. This paper presents an improved SPICE based behavior model for TVS with ultra-low turn-on resistance. Validation have been down for both quasi-static behavior and transient behavior.

Background: Drug-resistance and immunological escape of Staphylococcus aureus and its “superbug”, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), have become one of main causes of bacterial infection in both human and animals. In dairy cattle, elimination of bovine mastitis induced by S. aureus is of importance because S. aureus-infected cows normally are culled passively. Methods: Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of bovine trafficking protein particle complex 9 (TRAPPC9) gene and folic acid supplementation in the control of mastitis induced by S. aureus or MRSA by a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results: The data showed that the genetic mutations and DNA methylation of TRAPPC9 were highly linked with the mastitis resistance of dairy cows. Additionally, knockdown of bovine TRAPPC9 was significantly involved in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin’s genes (increased IL-1β and IL-6), and down-regulated the protein level of NF-κB-P65 in the mastitis cell model induced by MRSA. Meanwhile, dose-dependent folic acid addition can inhibit the invasion of MRSA into Mac-T cells and improve TRAPPC9 expression in dairy cows. Conclusions: Altogether, our data suggest that an appropriate dose of folic acid can significantly reduce the inflammation caused by MRSA partially through TRAPPC9 mediated NF-κB pathway. These findings provide new insights to control the drug-resistant pathogens and to restrict the overuse of antibiotics through combined effects of the intrinsic host gene and extrinsic nutrient.

A integrated design method based on resistance film and lightweight bulletproof materials is adopted. For this design, the lightweight bulletproof material is also used as the dielectric substrate of composite material structure. And six layers of resistance film is inserted in the seven layers of bulletproof material. The conductivity of each layer of resistance film is 55 S/m. Bulletproof material uses PE laminated. The measured results show that the integrated composite material has an absorption rate of more than 90% in the 6.88GHz~30.58GHz, which also can effectively protect the 53-type 7.62mm ordinary steel core bullet. The thickness of stealth bulletproof integrated composite material is 17.5mm, which achieved the light and thin character. The stealth bulletproof integrated composite material is designed through the combination of the absorbing structure and the bulletproof material. The implement method of stealth bulletproof material is no longer a simple functional overlay, but an integrated fusion design of structure and function. It solves the shortage of traditional stealth bulletproof materials. This design method has great significance for improving the combat capability of new functional vehicles.

In this article, a Two-dimensional SJ/RESURF LDMOS highvoltage device is proposed. Compared with the conventional two-dimensional SJ/LDMOS structure, the new structure introduces RESURF area near the leakage end in the drift area. MEDICI simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the parameters that affect the voltage resistance and conduction characteristics of the device. Compared with the conventional Two-dimensional SJ/LDMOS, the new structure has higher breakdown voltage, lower conduction resistance and simple manufacturing process.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a well-known class of smart materials which allow the design of compact and silent actuation mechanisms. A remarkable feature of SMAs is self-sensing, namely the possibility to reconstruct the actuator position information from electrical resistance measurements. In case of simple SMA actuators, such as spring-loaded wires, the relation between resistance and displacement is usually linear and thus simple to exploit for self-sensing. For more advanced actuator types, such as protagonist-antagonist SMA configurations, the resistance-displacement characteristic is often hysteretic and thus more difficult to invert in real-time. To deal with this issue, this work proposes a novel self-sensing method for protagonist-antagonist SMA actuators having a highly hysteretic resistance-displacement behavior. An online hysteresis compensation scheme, based on the modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii model, is implemented and used to linearize the resistance-displacement characteristic. A lab setup which allows characterization of antagonistic SMA system as well as implementation of self-sensing control architectures is also developed. Experimental results show how, when combined with a PI controller, the developed scheme permits to noticeably reduce the error in comparison to compensator-free self-sensing architectures.

It is generally known that the properties of concrete, particularly the strength, vary depending on the concrete age due to the chemical-mechanical processes occurring in the structure of concrete during ageing (maturing). The issue often is the time needed for concrete to reach its desired safety before a concrete structure made of fresh concrete can be partially or completely loaded. In structures coming into contact with flowing liquids, the resistance of surface layers to erosion caused by abrasion or cavitation is also important, in addition to the strength. Therefore the analysis of effects of the concrete age from 7 days to 1 year on the concrete resistance to fast-flowing liquids is the subject of this paper. A method of accelerated hydraulic-mechanical simulation of the surface layer loading by means of a pure high-speed water jet and a water jet with abrasive particles was used in order to investigate the concrete erosion resistance. The influence of the concrete age on the resistance to fast-flowing liquids has been proven. After a year, the concrete resistance increased by about 36% in the case of the pure water jet, and 28% in the case of the abrasive water jet.

High breakdown voltage, low on-resistance at high temperature, and low DS leakage current were realized by a short-channel (0.34μ m) MOSFET provided with a deep P layer (ground potential) formed under trenches spaced at an interval of 2.4 μ m by self-alignment. The BVdss of this MOSFET is 1080 V, the RonS is 1.19 mΩcm2 at 25°C and 2.04 mΩcm2 at 175°C, the Vth is 4.0 V, and the Idss is 50 nA at 900 V (□ 9.6 mm). By clarifying the effect of implantation defects on leakage current, this structure was achieved by a simple process that adopts low temperature implantation for all implantation steps.

In this paper, a 0. 25 μm 700 V Bipolar-CMOSDMOS (BCD) process platform is reported, which integrates the super junction lateral double-diffused metal–oxide semiconductor (SJ-LDMOS) with ultra-low specific onresistance $R_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}}$. The SJ-LDMOS features the SJ pillars in the bulk of the drift region, introducing a low resistance current path in the on-state and decreasing the $R_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}}$. By optimizing the charge balance among the N-drift region, PN pillars and Psubstrate, the proposed SJ-LDMOS can be used at 500 V, 650 V and 700 V voltage levels with the experimental breakdown voltage V B of 605 V, 745 V and 790 V. The corresponding $R_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}}$ is 3.3 $\Omega\bullet \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}^{2},5.8\Omega\bullet \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}^{2}$ and 7.1 $\Omega\bullet \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}^{2}$, respectively. The measured $R_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}}$ is 45.5% lower than the theoretical limit of the triple RESURF technology under the same $V_{\mathrm{B}}$. This SJ-based 700V BCD technology also provides other variable integrated devices: 700 V nJFET; 30 $\mathrm{V}/15\mathrm{V}/7.5\mathrm{V}$ CMOS; 20 V NPN and PNP; and poly resistor.

A 650-V, 10-A Si-superjunction bipolar transistor (Si-SJBJT), has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The fabricated SJBJT has a h FE of more than 200 at a J C of less than 10 A/cm2 for a V CE of 0.2 V and even at a J C of more than 100 A/cm2 for a V CE of 2.0 V, which is superior to commercial Si-bipolar transistors. The specific ON-resistance of the SJBJT is 4.1 m $\omega$ cm2 for an h FE of 11.0 and 2.2 m $\omega cm^{2}$ for an h FE of 7.0. The turn-off behavior of the SJBJT has a 2.3 $\mu$s storage time similar to conventional BJTs, whereas the tail current of the SJBJT is smaller than that of the BJTs, owing to the quick extraction of the stored carriers near the drain region by the SJ structure. The high current driving capability of the SJBJT achieves a turn-on time less than that of the BJTs.

We report successful design and fabrication of 4.5kV SiC charge-balanced MOSFET with R on,sp of 10 mΩ.cm2 at 25 °C (20% below SiC unipolar limit). This device implements a novel scalable drift layer architecture for a high voltage switch as an alternative solution to super-junction devices. We have characterized the CB MOSFETs from room temperature up to 175 °C and show successful double pulse switching at 2.8kV and J F =50 A/cm2. Total switching loss is 110mJ/cm2 at 25 °C and drops to 95mJ/cm2 at 125 °C.

Down-regulation of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase1 (SGK1) expression has been reported in the postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, experimental treatments that reduce SGK1 function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) cause depressive-like behaviors and synaptic dysfunction. Therefore, we examined the effect of SGK1 down-regulation in the mPFC on resistance to stress-induced cognitive impairment. Rats with viral-mediated knockdown of SGK1 in the mPFC were subjected to either a brief 20-min restraint plus 20 intermittent tail shocks or a prolonged 60-min restraint plus 60 intermittent tail shocks, after which their performance in an object recognition task was assessed. Recognition memory remained intact in control rats following the brief stress, but was impaired in rats with SGK1 knockdown in the mPFC. Prolonged stress impaired recognition memory in both control rats and rats with SGK1 knockdown. Our findings indicate that altered mPFC SGK1 signaling is a potential mechanism for resistance to stress-induced cognitive impairment.

The purpose of this study was to examine body composition of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer players by position and season. One hundred seventy-five female athletes were categorized by positions of forward (n=47), midfielder (n=51), defender (n=57), and goalkeeper (n=20). A dual X-ray absorptiometry scan assessed percent body fat, total lean mass, total fat mass, arm and leg lean mass and fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue. Goalkeepers had significantly higher total, arm, and leg lean mass and fat mass compared to all other positions (p

A method to decrease the threshold voltage and on-resistance is discussed in this paper, which is adding extra phosphorus injection into silicon. There are two ways to inject extra phosphorus without adding a mask. The first way is to inject extra phosphorus after the field oxide etching, and the second way is to inject extra phosphorus with the source region mask before the N+ implantation. Compare the results of the two ways to find their characteristics and choose the appropriate one.

Following the harvest, agricultural products are subjected various negative impacts throughout the way to consumers. Mechanical damages such as color darkening, abrasion, cuts or punctures over the fruit surface are irreversible damages and such damages ultimately end up with significant quality and economic losses. In modern production systems, only a certain portion of the products directly reach from producer to consumers. Majority of these products are subjected to mechanical damages through crush, squeeze, vibration and similar impacts during the harvest and postharvest processes. In this study, Tybeef tomato cultivar grown over the experimental greenhouses of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) (control) and 14-193 and 14-206 coded candidate cultivars developed through breeding programs of BATEM were used as the plant material. Resistance parameters of tomato cultivars were determined at 4 different ripening stages (green, turning, pink and red) and 4 different storage durations (4, 8, 12 and 16 days). Resistance parameters decreased with the progress of ripening and storage durations. All measurements and assessments revealed that 14-193 coded candidate cultivar was prominent for resistance parameters. Após a colheita, os produtos agrícolas estão sujeitos a vários impactos negativos ao longo do caminho para os consumidores. Danos mecânicos como escurecimento de cor, abrasão, cortes ou perfurações sobre a superfície da fruta são danos irreversíveis e tais danos acabam por resultar em perdas significativas de qualidade e econômicas. Em sistemas de produção modernos, apenas uma determinada parte dos produtos chega diretamente do produtor ao consumidor. A maioria desses produtos é submetida a danos mecânicos por esmagamento, compressão, vibração e impactos semelhantes durante os processos de colheita e pós-colheita. Neste estudo, cultivares de tomate Tybeef cultivadas sobre as estufas experimentais do Instituto de Pesquisa Agrícola Bati Akdeniz (controle) e 14-193 e 14-206 codificadas cultivares candidatas desenvolvidas através de programas de melhoramento de BATEM foram utilizadas como material vegetal. Os parâmetros de resistência das cultivares de tomate foram determinados em quatro diferentes estágios de maturação (verde, rosa e vermelho) e quatro diferentes períodos de armazenamento (4, 8, 12 e 16 dias). Os parâmetros de resistência diminuíram com o progresso das durações de amadurecimento e armazenamento. Todas as medições e avaliações revelaram que 14-193 cultivares candidatas codificadas eram proeminentes para parâmetros de resistência.

The effect of different injection beams (3ma, 5ma and 7ma) on the square resistance of polysilicon was studied by implanting BF2 with GSD200 (an energy of 30 Kev and dose of 2E 15 under 1000°C, 30S rapid thermal annealing). The experimental results showed that the higher beam current would result in the lower resistance of polysilicon. The higher implant beam current will lead to more damage in polysilicon which will result in bigger poly grain size after thermal annealing, the bigger grain size will make more carriers in grain boundary and the resistance of polysilicon decreases accordingly. Key words: Polysilicon, Resistance, Implant, BF2, Beam current

Particle-based simulations of discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and shear jamming (SJ) suspensions are used to study the role of stress-activated constraints, with an emphasis on resistance to gear-like rolling. Rolling friction decreases the volume fraction required for DST and SJ, in quantitative agreement with real-life suspensions with adhesive surface chemistries and "rough" particle shapes. It sets a distinct structure of the frictional force network compared to only sliding friction, and from a dynamical perspective leads to an increase in the velocity correlation length, in part responsible for the increased viscosity. The physics of rolling friction is thus a key element in achieving a comprehensive understanding of strongly shear-thickening materials., 5 pages, 4 figures. +Supplemental Material--- --- Supplementary Material also consists of the following movies: ---https://youtu.be/wgrfN7jiu1g (Force network in 3D at volume fraction 0.45, at high stress limit, with and without rolling friction) --- https://youtu.be/SMzTB7CsRsY (Force network in 2D at packing fraction 0.7, at high stress limit, with and without rolling friction)

Background. One of the promising ways to ensure high performance requirements of modern aerospace, automotive and military equipment while reducing its mass is to use polymer layered composite materials (PSKM). One of the reasons hindering the wider use of these materials is the presence of technological defects that have a significant impact on the physicomechanical characteristics of these materials, including the characteristics of resistance to deformation and fracture. Technological defects include deviations of the weight and thickness of PSKM from design values, porosity, deviations of the angles of orientation of the fabric threads in the layer, deviations of the angles of laying layers, the spread of the distance between the threads in the layer of PSKM, the waviness of the threads. The aim of the work is to study the influence of technological defects in PSCM, obtained by the technology of manual molding, vacuum bag and vacuum infusion, on their resistance to deformation and destruction, taking this influence into account in the design. Materials and methods. As the studied materials, polymer layered composite materials based on carbon fabrics and epoxy binders were selected. In the study of technological defects, optical methods were used to study the micro- and macrostructures, while experimental studies of the resistance to deformation and fracture were used in laboratory tests, and in theoretical studies, computer simulation methods were used. Results. The dependencies between the statistical characteristics of technological defects in PSKM on the one hand and the characteristics of its resistance to deformation and destruction on the other hand are established. Conclusions. The influence of deviations of the angles of orientation of the fabric threads in the layer, deviations of the angles of laying layers from the design values on the characteristics of its resistance to deformation and destruction is significant and should be taken into account when designing. The influence of the technology used to obtain PSKM on its physical and mechanical properties should also be taken into account.

Resumo: Neste artigo pretende-se analisar a representação de personagens femininas no contexto da literatura de imigração de expressão alemã. Com foco na resistência, o artigo discute a intersecção de gênero e imigração no conto “Schatten und Schritte”, de Aysel Özakin, e no romance Der Russeisteiner, der Birkenliebt, de Olga Grjasnowa. O primeiro texto, publicado em 1985, apresenta uma voz da primeira fase da história de fluxos migratórios para a Alemanha; o segundo, de 2012, apresenta uma discussão sobre percepções femininas e práticas de resistência depois da virada do milênio. Resistência é entendida aqui como processo que consiste em reconhecer, nomear e refrear ações que produzem desigualdades. O primeiro texto conecta a resistência com uma sensação de culpa; o segundo foca, sobretudo, na autonomia obtida por meio de atos de resistência. Abstract: This article aims to analyse the representation of female characters in the context of German language immigration literature. With focus on resistance, this article discusses the intersection of gender and immigration in the short story “Schatten und Schritte” written by Aysel Özakin and the novel All Russians Love Birch Trees by Olga Grjasnowa. The first text, published in 1985, presents a voice of the first wave of the history of migratory flows to Germany, the second one, published in 2012, develops a discussion about female perceptions and resistance practices after the turn of the millennium. Resistance is understood in this context as a process of recognizing, naming and repressing acts which produce inequalities. The first text connects resistance to a feeling of guilt, the second focusses, above all, on the autonomy obtained through acts of resistance.

In this work, a novel waveform approach based on two synaptic plasticity learning rules was proposed to investigate the characteristic of RRAM for electronic synapse application. The connectivity among excitatory neurons is adapted by Spike-Timing-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) learning, while the change of the weight is regulated by another learning rule: Spike-Rate-Dependent-Plasticity (SRDP). The effect of the pulse frequency applied on resistance was investigated. It indicates that higher frequency is beneficial to the change of the resistance of device. The novel waveform method also integrates the frequency and timing variables that affect the modulation of the weight.

The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse as an ergogenic aid in aerobic activity is well-established. However, its effect on short-duration, high-intensity resistance training is yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a CHO mouth rinse on resistance training performance of trained men in terms of total training volume and perceived exertion in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind design. Fourteen trained men participated in three repeated experimental resistance exercise sessions. Each resistance exercise session consisted of three sets performed until volitional fatigue for the deadlift, squat, bench press, and military press with a load 75% of their tested 1-repetition maximum and 2 minutes rest interval between sets. At the start of each experimental session, and immediately before the third exercise in the sequence, subjects were given a 100 ml solution of either CHO, artificial sweetener (placebo), or water (control) as a mouth rinse for 10 seconds. Comparisons were evaluated with a repeated-measures analysis of variance at α = 0.05. A CHO mouth rinse significantly increased total training volume compared to both the placebo (+23.1%) and control (+25.9%). The effect on perceived exertion was similar for the CHO solution and the non-calorie sweetener solution. The authors conclude that a carbohydrate mouth rinse may benefit resistance training performance in terms of total training volume and perceived exertion in trained men.

Channel field and stress time dependent critical voltage in dynamic ON resistance of GaN HEMTs is reported for the first time. Electro – Photo Luminescence, low temperature stress experiments and their dependence on device parameters is correlated to propose a novel channel field and buffer trap interaction mechanism regulating the critical voltage which is not related to new trap generation or hot electrons.

International audience; Herein, the development of gallium nitride on silicon (GaN-on-Si) heterostructures targeting 1200 V power applications is reported. In particular, it is shown that the insertion of superlattices (SLs) into the buffer layers allows pushing the vertical breakdown voltage above 1200 V without generating additional trapping effects as compared with a more standard optimized step-graded AlGaN-based epistructure using a similar total buffer thickness. DC characterizations of fabricated transistors by means of back-gating measurements reflect both the enhancement of the breakdown voltage and the low trapping effects up to 1200 V. These results show that a proper buffer optimization and the insertion of SL pave the way to GaN-on-Si lateral power transistors operating at 1200 V with low on-resistance and low trapping effects.

IntroductionVery and extremely preterm infants frequently have brain injury-related long-term neurodevelopmental problems. Altered perfusion, for example, seen in the context of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), has been linked to injury of the immature brain. However, a direct relation with outcome has not been reviewed systematically.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the value of different cerebral arterial blood flow parameters assessed by Doppler ultrasound, in relation to brain injury, to predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants.ResultsIn total, 23 studies were included. Because of heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis of results was not possible. All included studies on resistance index (RI) showed significantly higher values in subjects with a hemodynamically significant PDA. However, absolute differences in RI values were small. Studies using Doppler parameters to predict brain injury and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome were inconsistent.DiscussionThere is no clear evidence to support the routine determination of RI or other Doppler parameters in the cerebral arteries to predict brain injury and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in the preterm infant. However, there is evidence that elevated RI can point to the presence of a hemodynamically significant PDA.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) on resistance training volume during the bench press exercise (BP). The study included 12 healthy strength-trained males (age 25.2 &plusmn, 2.1 years, body mass 92.1 &plusmn, 8.7 kg, BP one-repetition maximum (1RM) 28.8 &plusmn, 10.5 kg, training experience 6.3 &plusmn, 2.1 years). Methods: The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed two different exercise protocols with a conditioning activity (CA) consisting of the BP with three sets of three repetitions at 85% 1RM (PAPE), and a control without the CA (CONT). To assess the differences between PAPE and CONT, the participants performed three sets of the BP to volitional failure at 60% 1RM. The differences in the number of performed repetitions (REP), time under tension (TUT), peak power output (PP), mean of peak power output (PPMEAN), mean power output (MP), peak bar velocity (PV), mean of peak bar velocity (PVMEAN), and mean bar velocity (MV) between the CONT and PAPE conditions were examined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The post-hoc analysis for the main condition effect indicated significant increases in TUT (p &lt, 0.01) for the BP following PAPE, compared to the CONT condition. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in TUT (p &lt, 0.01) in the third set for PAPE compared to the CONT condition. No statistically significant main effect was revealed for REP, PP, PV, PPMEAN, PVMEAN, MP, and MV. Conclusion: The main finding of the study was that the PAPE protocol increased training volume based on TUT, without changes in the number of preformed REP.

Silicon (Si) is the second most common element on earth, but it is not considered an essential element for plant growth. However, a growing body of evidence has shown that Si can enhance plant resistance to insect pests. This 5-page fact sheet reports the results of a study to determine if silicon applications to St. Augustinegrass varieties increase the silicon in the plants and how this increased silicon affects development and survival of southern chinch bugs as well as development of plant diseases. Written by Alan L. Wright, Ron Cherry, Huangjun Lu, and Pamela Roberts, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss589

The ability to monitor the junction temperature of power devices during the operation of a power converter will be the key enabler towards combined higher performance and higher reliability of power electronics. Starting from the well-known dependency of the R ON with the junction temperature of SiC power MOSFETs, an innovative solution is proposed to obtain the high-dynamic estimation of the junction temperature of all the power devices. This work focuses on the commissioning stage of a three-phase, 2-level voltage source inverter, enabling the real-time temperature feedback of all six power devices of the bridge during operation. A selection of experimental results is reported.

La aplicación de la teoría de los juegos, en especial de “La batalla de los sexos” facilita el análisis del proceso de negociación y los motivos por los que se producen los resultados. Se ha podido verificar que los actores se integran formando constelaciones, en las cuales, dependiendo de las circunstancias históricas, el factor común de unión puede variar. En algunos casos la unión es de tipo político, en otros la unión es por características de las provincias (chicas o grandes), actividades económicas relevantes en las provincias (por ej. el petróleo o la actividad vitivinícola), y en otras la unión está basada en la resistencia a la propuesta., The application of game theory, especially “The Battle of the Sexes” facilitates the analysis of the negotiation process and the reasons for the results. It has been possible to verify that the actors are integrated forming constellations, in which, depending on the historical circumstances, the common factor of union can vary. In some cases the union is political, in others the union is due to characteristics of the provinces (small or large), relevant economic activities in the provinces (e.g. oil or wine activity), and in others the union is based on resistance to the proposal., Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Social psychological research on resistance has mostly been limited to collective action: collective, overt, organized, material resistance. However, people targeted by collective violence and oppression engage in many other resistance strategies, including individual, covert, everyday, and psychological resistance. This review differentiates dimensions of resistance to collective victimization, arguing that social psychology should consider the full range of resistance strategies. Moreover, non-violent resistance and violent resistance are not always mutually exclusive, essentialized principles. Instead, they result from dynamic and strategic choices people make when considering the violent contexts they are resisting. A review of the scarce research on collective resistance in violent, repressive contexts illustrates the need to theorize how the specific nature of these contexts shapes collective resistance.

SUMMARY Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and economic costs. Many BSIs are associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). The Infection in Critical Care Quality Improvement Programme (ICCQIP) was established to initiate surveillance of BSIs in English ICUs. Methods A web-based data capture system was launched on 1st May 2016 to collect all positive blood cultures (PBCs), patient-days and CVC-days. National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England were invited to participate in the surveillance programme. Data were linked to the antimicrobial resistance dataset maintained by Public Health England and to mortality data. Findings Between 1st May 2016 and 30th April 2017, 84 ICUs (72 adult ICUs, seven paediatric ICUs and five neonatal ICUs) based in 57 of 147 NHS trusts provided data. In total, 1474 PBCs were reported, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium being the most commonly reported organisms. The rates of BSI and ICU-associated CVC-BSI were 5.7, 1.5 and 1.3 per 1000 bed-days and 2.3, 1.0 and 1.5 per 1000 ICU-CVC-days in adult, paediatric and neonatal ICUs, respectively. There was wide variation in BSI and CVC-BSI rates within ICU types, particularly in adult ICUs (0–44.0 per 1000 bed-days and 0–18.3 per 1000 ICU-CVC-days). Conclusions While the overall rates of ICU-associated CVC-BSIs were lower than 2.5 per 1000 ICU-CVC-days across all age ranges, large differences were observed between ICUs, highlighting the importance of a national standardized surveillance system to identify opportunities for improvement. Data linkage provided clinically important information on resistance patterns and patient outcomes at no extra cost to participating trusts.

The ice application (cooling) has become popular during physical activities to improve performance. This study aimed to test whether different cooling places could increase the number of repetitions (volume) during resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR). Ten women volunteered for this study. The sample characterization is presented in mean and standard deviation: age: 28.5 ± 8.6 years; height: 164.6 ± 8.3 cm; total body mass: 61.5 ± 7.1 maximal dynamic strength test (1RM): 236.5 ± 54.8 kg; 30% 1RM: 71.6 ± 16.5; SBP: 124.7 ± 7.7 mm Hg; 1.3 x SBP: 161.8 ± 10.4 mm Hg. The subjects performed five sessions of resistance exercise with BFR. Three sets were held in each session, with the intensity of 30% of 1RM until muscle failure; and 30-second rest period between sets. The cooling sites were: hands, neck, and tunnel temperature. One session without cooling was done and considered as a control group. There was neither difference in the total number of repetitions of repetitions among interventions, nor a significant difference among interventions for RPE (P = 0.49). Therefore, we do not recommend cooling to maintain a high number of repetitions during strength training with BFR. RESUMO A aplicação do gelo (resfriamento) tem sido uma estratégia popular durante as atividades físicas para aumentar o desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar se diferentes locais de resfriamento podem aumentar o número de repetições (volume) durante o treinamento resistido com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (RFS). Dez mulheres se voluntariaram para este estudo. A caracterização da amostra é apresentada em média e desvio padrão: idade: 28,5 ± 8,6 anos; estatura: 164,6 ± 8,3 cm; massa corporal total: 61,5 ± 7,1; teste de força muscular dinâmica (1RM): 236,5 ± 54,8kg; 30% 1RM: 71,6 ± 16,5; PAS: 124,7 ± 7,7 mm Hg; 1,3 x PAS: 161,8 ± 10,4 mmHg, participaram do estudo. Os sujeitos realizaram cinco sessões de exercício resistido com RFS. Três séries foram realizadas em cada sessão, com a intensidade de 30% de 1RM até falha muscular e 30 segundos de descanso entre as séries. Os locais de resfriamento foram: mãos, pescoço e temperatura do túnel. Uma sessão sem resfriamento foi realizada e considerada como grupo controle. Não houve diferença no número total de repetições entre as intervenções, nem diferença entre as intervenções para percepção subjetiva de esforço (P = 0,49). Portanto, nós não recomendamos o resfriamento para manter um alto número de repetições durante o treinamento de força com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo.

Dynamic on-resistance (dR on ), where the on-resistance immediately after turn-on is higher than the DC resistance, increases the conduction losses in power converters with gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs). There exist no direct dR on measurements in the literature above 1 MHz, leaving designers unable to predict conduction losses in emerging multi-MHz applications. We address this literature gap by collecting the first on-state voltage dR on measurements at multi-MHz frequencies, with a focus on the zero-voltage-switching conditions that are predominantly employed at high frequency. On the selected commercially-available HEMT with a breakdown voltage below 200 V, the dynamic contribution asymptotes above ≈ 2 MHz, a finding predicted by the slow time constants of the traps that cause dR on . For the tested HEMT, we find a maximum dR on increase over the DC resistance of 2× in a multi-MHz, zero-voltage-switched application., IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 1, ISSN:2644-1314

Introduction Several acute studies have suggested that leucine is a key amino acid to drive muscle protein synthesis. However, there are very few studies on the long-term effects of leucine supplementation on resistance training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. We sought to determine the impact of 10 g of leucine on muscle mass and strength in response to RT in healthy young men. Methods Twenty-five, resistance-trained men (27 ± 5 yr; 78.4 ± 11.6 kg; 24.8 ± 3.0 kg·m) consuming 1.8 ± 0.4 g protein·kg·d, were randomly assigned to receive 2 × 5 g·d supplementation of either free leucine (LEU n = 12) or alanine (PLA n = 13) while undergoing a supervised 12-wk, twice-weekly lower-limb RT program. One-repetition maximum (leg-press 1RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the vastus lateralis were determined before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. Additionally, three 24-h dietary recalls were also performed at PRE and POST. Results Protein intake was roughly double that of the RDA in both groups and remained unchanged across time with no differences detected between groups. Similar increases were observed between groups in leg-press 1RM (LEU, 19.0% ± 9.4% and PLA, 21.0% ± 10.4%, P = 0.31) and mCSA (LEU, 8.0% ± 5.6% and PLA, 8.4% ± 5.1%, P = 0.77). Conclusions High-dose leucine supplementation did not enhance gains in muscle strength and mass after a 12-wk RT program in young resistance-trained males consuming adequate amounts of dietary protein.

The development of pathogen resistant crops is increasingly important in the face of the global climate changes and of the new agriculture requirements. In the past decades, an enormous amount of genomic information has been released. Plant breeders can take advantage of information provided by bioinformatic supports to increase the likelihood of obtaining resistant genotypes. Basic information on resistance genes (R-genes) and resistant genotypes can be recovered in database developed for facilitating scientific literature and genetic resources search. Bioinformatic tools that enable the analysis of the R-gene organization in individual genomes, the detection of genetic diversity in different individuals, the assessment of relationships between genomes and the localization of individual R-genes are also available. Cross investigations of plant expression pattern during pathogen challenge promote several biological observations and discoveries. The accessibility of genetic and genomic resources could be improved by the development of platforms to link and integrate databases and tools. Advanced efforts to build up an integrated crop improvement information network are depicted.