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A first question we can ask is this: The European Community will be able, despite the diversity of cultural and religious traditions of various civilizations that make up the mosaic Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, to recover the values deep and genuine so well exposed by Fernand Braudel, in order to counter the current dominance of the processes of globalization and the effect of spatial concentration in accordance with the rules of the so-called free market (land, buildings, services and infrastructure for the mobility)? New entry into the Community to bring greater security (only apparent) in investments for companies and families (which also affect tourism and the mainly residential on seasonal o the investment on brick), which is used to launch forms of speculation in marginal areas but especially with coastal environmental resources. These initial concentrations are in need of infrastructure networks and therefore proposes the mechanism of traffic and vehicle contract which, if you manage to have a minimal economic and social return, leading inevitably to a congestion and pollution of the area, and to a diffuse spatial to depletion of environmental resources available. At this point there is a certain abandonment and speculative greed will find more beaches, and perhaps there will only groups of residents or desertification will return in time to dominate (maybe it was not possible to produce historical values). On environmental resources and local communities which will be the effects? This is a model of sustainable tourism development? What is happening in Egypt and Morocco? A second question is: These processes undoubtedly involve, in addition to private operators including national and local governments and then the various systems of organization and management of the territory, the different types of plans and programs and procedures for evaluation and participation. There is a creeping globalization that can influence the behavior of the different actors involved (unfortunately also the so-called cultural and professional circles) and in the name of profit and financial unifies the different cultural and religious traditions? The ultimate goal is improving the quality of life for all (or a few in different parts of the world) but what the environmental effects and irreversibility on free use of resources and real participatory democracy? The European Community as it might encourage virtuous behavior inside and in the relationship? Should be the most developed countries to change their pattern of behavior and development, not statements of principle but with real effectiveness, and therefore propose the economic and financial partnership provided that the reference models are those of tourism integrated, relational and environmentally sustainable. If we see what is happening in Italy (including Sicily) we certainly can not say that we give an example. A third question is: If we consider tourism as a necessity of freedom, to nomadism, knowledge of people and different environments, then not locked it on the management company, in a hasty desire to offer more consumer can, in a new urban environments and building of poor quality or artificial, but help to spread freely in local communities and in nature (in security and knowledge) to become an integral and non-fictional superstructure, improving mobility and maritime railway in Euro-Mediterranean Basin, with their inter-nodes and places of rest and services, environmentally sustainable and capable of integration, retraining and catching, the architectural and urban contexts existing historic.

FACILITIES FOR YOUNGER PEOPLE AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE URBAN PLANNING PROCESS Public spaces planning for younger people and for "not young" is a main territorial asset and a major structural and strategic task in the whole planning process, both at regional and local level. To understand the relations that may exist between the "social" or "human" assets and the "economic" and "environmental" assets, a new methodology to define strategies and regional issues, is proposed in order to implement services for large areas with mobility in general and public transport and intermodality in particular. Spatial accessibility in " interchange modal nodes " designed as "places to use integrated services in urban parks” may be a possible scenario " built and established at provincial level, in the choice of suitable locations and allocations within the urban planning process. This methodology aim to bridge the gap between the post-urban spatial planning of public space and the planning process of accessible, functionally integrated and sustainable transport infrastructure networks, with the final intent to reduce land consumption and fragmentation.

Sommario Il problema nazionale, ma soprattutto meridionale ed in particolare della Regione Sicilia, della necessità di un approccio olistico, etico, civico ed interdisciplinare alla formazione di piani e programmi d’interesse pubblico, porta alla necessità di una formazione complessa scientifica ed umanistica. In particolare è strategico intersecare l’atteggiamento formativo ed applicativo delle progettualità ingegneristico-architettoniche con quello dei sistemi di conoscenza, valutazione sociale, economica ed ambientale, delle strutture organizzative e della programmazione economica. Occorrono competenze interdisciplinari con riferimento alle problematiche degli indicatori territoriali, ambientali e socio-economici per la costruzione del processo di conoscenza, interpretazione, valutazione delle condizioni esistenti e per la costruzione degli scenari di sviluppo locale sostenibile e la loro verifica di compatibilità nel sistema di pianificazione e programmazione multilivello. E’ un sistema complesso, articolato su tre livelli principali, la cui cerniera nell’integrazione fra pianificazione fisica del territorio e programmazione strategica socio-economica, dovrà essere una provincia regionale, più efficace ed efficiente, ridando forza e qualità al governo pubblico e partecipato del territorio. Occorre riorganizzare il processo di pianificazione-programmazione-attuazione e monitoraggio del sistema pubblico multilivello ed il sistema di conoscenza-interpretazione-valutazione-partecipazione-decisione-attuazione, proponendo un modello operativo di riferimento. Definire indicatori territoriali, ambientali e socio-economici per la costruzione di un DataWarehouse, comprendente un Sistema Informativo Territoriale Regionale (SITR), un Sistema di Supporto alle Decisioni (DSS) ed una procedura, definita mediante un PERT, che possa connettere le diverse fasi, con tempi ed obiettivi di riferimento, nodi critici di copianificazione, verifica e concertazione, d’informazione e partecipazione democratica. Occorrerà: Organizzare e gestire SIT, uffici di piano e programmazione con nuclei operativi interdisciplinari, supportati dalla consulenza esterna di centri di ricerca universitari ed associazioni pubbliche e private, d’ausilio alle politiche sia nelle fasi interattive di problem setting che in quelle di problem solving. Definire il ruolo centrale regionale nel sistema integrato multilivello nazionale ed internazionale, per la formazione dei quadri strutturali e strategici interni ed esterni. Stabilire le procedure di copianificazione dei sistemi urbani locali ai fini della qualità e sostenibilità insediativa delle comunità locali con la garanzia della forma strutturale di medio e lungo periodo fornita dalla formazione d’Unioni di Comuni. Tutelare le forme di pianificazione del paesaggio, sulla base degli indirizzi regionali, in coerenza con i valori culturali, materiali ed immateriali locali e con i mosaici colturali e delle naturalità, espresse e potenziali. Predisporre progetti integrati locali e d’area vasta, all’interno di scenari programmati nel piano territoriale strategico, in coerenza con gli indirizzi programmatori ed i quadri strutturali e strategici regionali ed internazionali. Definire la Valutazione di Sostenibilità territoriale ed ambientale, Valsat o Vas, riferita agli indicatori ambientali d’area vasta e di contesto, all’efficacia ed efficienza del sistema degli interventi previsti, ai criteri di sostenibilità territoriale, ambientale e socio-economica e della qualità territoriale-urbanistica ed ambientale-paesaggistica. Approccio Prevalente: Metodologico

Introduction: Control strategies for schistosomiasis depend on the understanding of the population specific magnitude of the infection. We present pilot results of a testing strategy suggested by theoretical statistical investigation that lowers cost yet retains similar accuracy profile as the standard Kato-Katz technique.Methods: We use an estimator of the prevalence of Schistosoma Mansoni based on pooled stool samples. To test this estimator in real-time, we collected 100 samples of stools from rural Tanzania. All samples were first subjected to standard 41.7mg Kato-Katz technique and then again to two rounds of 25 pooled four-sample tests (11mg from each of the 4 samples). Separate technicians blinded to the other results were used for the standard and pooled tests.Results: Of the 100 individual standard Kato-Katz tests, 31 tested positive. Estimate of the prevalence from the individual testing was 0.31 with a 95% confidence interval of (0.05, 0.23). Of the first set of 25 four-sample pool Kato- Katz, 19 tested positive. Similarly, 19 also tested positive in the second set of 25 pools. Thus, the two pooled estimates of prevalence were the same, and yielded a prevalence estimate of 0.30 based on the Maximum likelihood estimator and 0.29 based on the less biased Burrows’ estimator. The mean squared error associated with the Burrow’s estimator was approximately 0.00485. Thus, an approximate 95% confidence interval around this estimate was (0.15, 0.43).Conclusion: Inference drawn from the theoretical and pilot prevalence estimate of Schistosoma Mansoni from 25 four– sample pooled Kato-Katz tests is as accurate as it is from 50 single-samples standard tests. The proposed pooled strategy could therefore be more efficient and cost effective surveillance strategy especially in resource constrained countries where the burden of infection is high. This method would guide timely decision making and have the potential to increase the intended treatment coverage.Keywords: Schistosoma Mansoni, KatoKatz, testing strategy, Surveillance, Tanzania

The aim of this study was to compare survival of resected and unresected patients in a large cohort of patients with metastases to the pancreas from renal cell carcinoma (PM-RCC). Data from 16 Italian centers involved in the treatment of metastatic RCC were retrospectively collected. The Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test methods were used to evaluate overall survival (OS). Clinical variables considered were sex, age, concomitant metastasis to other sites, surgical resection of PM-RCC, and time to PM-RCC occurrence. Overall, 103 consecutive patients with radically resected primary tumors were enrolled in the analysis. PM-RCCs were synchronous in only three patients (3 %). In 56 patients (54 %), the pancreas was the only metastatic site, whereas in the other 47 patients, lung (57 %), lymph nodes (28 %), and liver (21 %) were the most common concomitant metastatic sites. Median time for PM-RCC occurrence was 9.6 years (range 0–24 years) after nephrectomy. Surgical resection of PM-RCC was performed in 44 patients (median OS 103 months), while 59 patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; median OS 86 months) (p = 0.201). At multivariate analysis, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group was the only independent prognostic factor. None of the other clinical variables, such as age, sex, pancreatic surgery, or the presence of concomitant metastases, were significantly associated with outcome in PM-RCC patients. The presence of PM-RCC is associated with a long survival, and surgical resection does not improve survival in comparison with TKI therapy. However, surgical resection leads to a percentage of disease-free PM-RCC patients.

Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is characterized by cholesterol levels below the 5th percentile of the population distribution. Familial HBL (FHBL) is characterized by an inherited HBL trait within a family. In the last years gene defects underlying some cases of FHBL, but not all, have been identified. The molecular basis of some gene defect and the clinical onset of FHBL are presented in this paper.

La memoria che si presenta, di contenuto e finalità interdisciplinari, mette in evidenza la necessità di una riorganizzazione multilivello del sistema della pianificazione regionale e costituisce un lavoro in progress di cui si presentano alcune prime impostazioni. Occorrono competenze interdisciplinari con riferimento alle problematiche degli indicatori territoriali, ambientali e socio-economici per la costruzione del processo di conoscenza, interpretazione, valutazione delle condizioni esistenti per la costruzione degli scenari di sviluppo locale sostenibile e la loro verifica di compatibilità nel sistema di pianificazione e programmazione multilivello. E’ un sistema complesso, articolato su tre livelli principali, la cui cerniera nell’integrazione fra pianificazione fisica del territorio e programmazione strategica socio-economica, dovrà essere una nuova provincia regionale, più efficace ed efficiente. Occorre riorganizzare il processo di pianificazione-programmazione-attuazione e monitoraggio del sistema pubblico multilivello delle istituzioni regionali, preposte all’attivazione dei meccanismi di conoscenza-interpretazione-valutazione-partecipazione-decisione-attuazione, proponendo un modello operativo di riferimento. Si dovranno definire indicatori territoriali, ambientali e socio-economici per la costruzione di un DataWarehouse, comprendente un Sistema Informativo Territoriale Regionale (SITR), un Sistema di Supporto alle Decisioni (DSS) e una procedura complessiva, definita mediante un PERT che possa connettere le diverse fasi, con tempi e obiettivi di riferimento, nodi critici di copianificazione, verifica e concertazione, d’informazione e partecipazione democratica. Viene presentata una parte introduttiva d’innovazione, mediante una legge di riforma della gestione del territorio in Sicilia, sulle finalità, i ruoli e le competenze istituzionali, una proposta regionale di suddivisioni d’ambiti comprensoriali, con i risultati su un’ambito campione, alcuni elementi di riflessione sulle forme di sussidiarietà e partecipazione, le problematiche sul trasporto merci e la logistica, la metodologia della Valutazione Ambientale Strategica e lo strumento d’ausilio decisionale dell’Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

The distribution of cholesterol plasma is regulated by complex interactions between genes and environmental factors. Mutations of PCSK9 gene seem to modulate the levels of LDLC. Mutations of PCSK9 gene with gain of function are associated to hypercholesterolemia and mutations with loss of function determine hypocholesterolemia.

The distribution of cholesterol plasma is regulated by complex interactions between genes and environmental factors. Mutations of PCSK9 gene seem to modulate the levels of LDL-C. Mutations of PCSK9 gene with gain of function are associated to hypercholesterolemia and mutations with loss of function determine hypocholesterolemia.

Vengono illustrati i motivi che hanno portato alla ristampa, con nuovi contributi, dell'opera pubblicata a Napoli nel 1840 da Giuseppe Castaldi sulla storia dell'Accademia Ercolanese.

Apart from income there are two other main influences on national savings: fiscal policy and inflation. The authors construct a model of the Italian economy to analyse the impact of these two related variables. It is concluded that past government deficits have produced a proportional reduction in national saving. Since the early 1960s national savings have declined by nearly 9 percentage points, of which 3.6 percentage points can be accounted for by a 4 per cent increase in the government's deficit. The results regarding the impact of inflation are not definite, and no conclusion is drawn. JEL: E21, E31, E62, PSL Quarterly Review, V. 38, N. 153 (1985)

The article serves as a response to Nicola Rossi’s critique of the authors’ previous work on fiscal policy and national savings in Italy. The authors reaffirm their previous finding that deficits have indeed reduced national savings and in particular make two points. First, contrary to his assertions, Rossi’s evidence is inconsistent with the Ricardian Equivalence Proposition. Second, this failure becomes even more apparent if one relies on the updated formulation and improved data underlying the more recent contribution of Modigliani and Jappelli (1987). JEL: E31, E62, PSL Quarterly Review, V. 42, N. 169 (1989)

– OBJECTIVE: We developed a standardized technique for ultrasound guided intra-articular injection of the hip joint with the purpose of extending routine intra-articular injection of hyaluronans and steroids to the hip, as commonly used in the knee. In this article we report the safety of this technique in an extended series of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were injected supine with an anterosuperior approach under ultrasound guidance. The Us probe is applied with a target device for biopsy. RESULTS: The standardised technique was used to inject 1906 patients with 4002 injections of hyaluronan products over a four-year period. The treatment was well tolerated with few, and exclusively local, side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of hyaluronans under ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection is a safe technique for treatment of rheumatic diseases of the hip.

The purpose of the current work is to present the experimental results from co-firing tests performed at a 20 kWth drop tube pulverized fuel furnace installed at the Institute of Combustion and Power plant Technology (IFK), University of Stuttgart. High ash and moisture low rank lignite utilized in the Megalopolis power plant in Greece was used as the main fuel. Olive kernel produced from a olive mill and drying plant, in the vicinity of the Megalopolis plant, and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) produced in the Athens Mechanical and Biological Treatment Plant, were chosen as potential substitution fuels, due to their local availability and low cost. Each alternative fuel was tested at thermal shares of 15 and 30%; the experimental campaign included monitoring of gaseous emissions and sampling and analysis of unburnt particles, deposits and fly ash particles from the fabric filter. A comparison of results with the reference case of 100% lignite combustion indicates that co-firing lignite with the investigated fuels has the potential for decreasing some emission types and of improving combustion conditions in the furnace; in addition, despite the higher alkali and chlorine content of the fuels, the deposits formed during co-firing appear to be more easily removed via conventional boiler cleaning equipment, as they are less molten than the lignite deposits. Overall, co-firing with olive kernel or RDF appears to be an interesting candidate for implementation at the lignite­fired power plant using the investigated lignite type., Proceedings of the 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 June 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1180-1185