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Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the underlying mechanism is being increasingly underscored. This study aimed to profile temperamental risks of comorbid substance use disorder in psychotic disorders by performing meta-analyses on personality trait differences between psychotic disorders with comorbidity (dual diagnosis; DD) and without it (psychotic disorders; PSD). Methods: A systematic review of English articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Only original empirical studies including participants with diagnosis of psychotic disorders based on structured diagnostic interviews, with and without substance use disorder evaluated with reliable and valid tests were included. Articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. All pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Thirteen studies (N = 885) met our inclusion criteria. All effect-size estimates were calculated based on means and standard deviations of included measures. Separate effect size estimates were obtained for four traits in the UPPS model (negative urgency, low premeditation, low perseverance, sensation seeking), four traits in the HS model (unconscientious disinhibition, negative affect, disagreeable disinhibition, positive affect) and trait anhedonia. Results: Negative urgency (four studies with 262 participants; ES = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.34, 0.84]), low premeditation (five studies with 349 participants; ES = 0.60; 95% CI [0.39, 0.80]), sensation seeking (seven studies with 550 participants; ES = 0.63; 95% CI [0.17, 1.09]) and unconscientious disinhibition (five studies with 291 participants; ES = 0.36; 95% CI [0.13, 0.59]) were elevated in DD than PSD. Heterogeneity of sensation seeking was significant (I2 = 86.2%). Conclusions: The findings of the current meta-analysis highlight a unique profile of impulsive and externalizing trait personality domains pertaining to DD. The study emphasizes the importance of emotion regulation interventions targeting impulsivity or negative affect (i.e. negative urgency, low premeditation) in substance abuse comorbidity patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To create art means to be creative, but how creativity is gained, how we can induce and train creativity and how we can validly measure creative potential is a matter of still unsolved research. In our exploratory study, 49 participants had to create figures by using a double set of Tangram puzzles — so to say: to create something with an infinite degree of freedoms but that is still based on just a few defined and simple basic elements. In total, participants created 708 different figures. Creativity and complexity of these creations were then assessed in a subsequent study by five further raters in two randomly ordered blocks. We observed a strong correlation between the ratings of creativity and complexity on basis of average as well as individual data level. Interestingly, highly productive people, sometimes misinterpreted as 'creatives' due to their sheer quantitative output, actually produced simpler scenes that were also evaluated as less creative. We could also reveal that the level of creativity in the produced items remained very similar over the course of the test, pointing to relatively stable creativity traits (at least during the study phase). Our approach could lead to a deeper and more differentiated understanding of the concept of creativity and creative potential, specifically by combining it with qualitative analyses of the complexity of the created figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is the serious warning of the earth environment, and environmental problems resulted from greenhouse effect are the weapon of mass destruction. Accordingly, pro-environmental behavior related issues are emphasized. Nevertheless, most past research on environmental protection issues were analyzed from macro organizational perspectives, but few from micro individual perspectives. However, individuals were the basis of any environmental protection executors. Group and organizational environmental policy and behavioral model could be inferred after clearly understanding individual environmental motivation and behavior. As a result, the analysis of the process of individual presenting pro-environmental behavior is worth discussion. Employees in health care industry in Fuzhou Binhai New City, Fujian, as the research samples, are distributed 400 copies of questionnaire. After removing invalid and incomplete copies, 278 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 70%. Suggestions are further proposed, according to the results, expecting to help relevant entities make good environmental norm and shape correct social norm and environmental behavior for the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a consumer empowerment model by adopting the Social Cognitive Theory and the Empowerment Theory in explaining consumer empowerment. Specifically, this study intended to identify the relationships between consumer self‐efficacy, intensity of consumer education, personality traits, social media and consumer empowerment. A total of 400 respondents had participated in this study and were selected using a multi‐stage probability sampling. The data were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the correlation between the independent variables and consumer empowerment. The finding revealed that the intensity of consumer education, self‐efficacy, social media and aggressive personality were positively related to consumer empowerment, whereas the assertive personality variable was deleted from the model because it did not have a significant relationship with consumer empowerment. The results can significantly contribute to improving the current consumer policy and developing effective consumer education programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the application of Lent and Brown's social-cognitive model in predicting academic well-being of Iranian students. A total of 400 undergraduate students (252 female students and 148 male students) completed the measures of academic satisfaction, self-efficacy, environmental support, goal progress, and personality traits. Path analysis indicated that the modified social-cognitive model provided good fit to the data and accounted for substantial portion of the variance in academic satisfaction. The results of path analysis showed that self-efficacy, goal progress, environmental supports, and resources both directly and indirectly had relationship with academic well-being. It was revealed that only one of the personality traits (conscientiousness) had a direct and significant correlation with students' academic well-being. However, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion had indirect and significant correlations with academic well-being through self-efficacy, environmental supports, and resources. According to the obtained findings, this research supported the role of social-cognitive variables in the academic well-being of Iranian students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of personality traits on the impact of emotional stimuli focusing on n -back task performance and brain activity changes. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported that individual differences in emotional processing can be attributed to personality traits, which is linked to the hemisphere-specific activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in response to emotional stimuli. Thirty right-handed healthy young male participants were recruited in this study and classified into two groups, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) group and behavioral activation system (BAS) group, based on their scores on the BIS/BAS scale. Participants saw six emotional images (two each with negative, neutral, and positive valence), which were selected from the International Affective Picture System and validated in a preliminary experiment. Then, a dual 2-back task that simultaneously employed auditory-verbal and visuospatial stimuli was conducted. Additionally, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) changes in the DLPFC was measured during the image presentation and dual 2-back task by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The task performance showed a significantly increased reaction time (RT) in the negative valence independent of personality traits. The results of Oxy-Hb changes showed a significant interaction between personality traits and emotional valence. Further, the hemisphere-subgroup analysis revealed that the right DLPFC activity was significantly higher in the negative valence than in the neutral valence in the BIS group; the right DLPFC activity was also significantly higher in the BIS group than in the BAS group in the positive valence. There was no main effect or interaction in the left DLPFC activity. These findings suggest the importance of considering personality traits when examining the impact of emotional stimuli. Further studies with large sample sizes warranted to examine the influence emotional stimuli exert on working memory performance, considering the personality traits to better understand individual differences in emotional processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal locus of control is an important personality trait strongly related to many economic outcomes. We show that the probability to own equity and the share of equity in household portfolios increase with people's internal locus of control. We explore, and find no evidence for, the hypothesis that this relation is driven by a link between internal economic locus of control and subjective expectations about the return and risk of investment in equity. The relation between locus of control and investment in equity also remains after controlling for risk and time preferences, financial literacy, overconfidence, optimism, trust, and other personality traits. We also show that locus of control has a stronger relation with investment in equity for financially illiterate investors. Our results document a strong and robust relation between locus of control and investment behaviour that cannot be explained by leading behavioural investment theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite aggression being detrimental to children's physical health, mental health and social development, the dispositional and neurological antecedents of aggression in the child are poorly understood. Here we examined the relationship between trait aggression as measured by Buss and Warren's Aggression Questionnaire and personality traits measured with Big Five Questionnaire for Children in 77 primary-school children and recorded resting-state brain activity (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The present results showed that trait aggression was negatively correlated with agreeableness and positively correlated with neuroticism. The brain analyses showed that children with a higher propensity for aggression had a lower fALFF mainly in the left superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus. Physical and total aggressions were negatively associated with rsFC between the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right putamen. Further analysis revealed that this rsFC could moderate the influence of neuroticism on total aggression. Moreover, the results suggest the presence of a sex difference in the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying aggression in middle childhood. Overall, our findings indicate that aggressive children have lower agreeableness and higher neuroticism, and the underlying neural systems are mainly implicated in social judgment and empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies demonstrated the benefits of motor exercise and physical activity in neuromuscular disorders. However, very few papers assessed the effects of sport practise. The aim of this multicentre study was to assess the impact of sport activity on self-esteem and emotional regulation in a cohort of athletes with neuromuscular disorders. The 38 patients with Duchenne, Becker or other types of muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy practising sport (aged 13–49 years) and 39 age-, gender-, disability- and disease-matched patients not practising sport were enrolled. Testing procedures to assess self-esteem, anxiety and depression disorder, personality trait and quality of life (QoL) were used. Patients practising sport had a significantly higher self-esteem, lower level of depression, greater social own identity and adherence and QoL. Frequency of sport activity may represent a complementary therapy in neuromuscular disorders to improve mental and social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate thermal adaptation and the impact of individual differences on developing thermal tolerance when the outdoor temperature falls below 10°C. The applicability of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model was investigated, too. The concept of occupant's 'Temperament' was evaluated as a psychological-adaptation factor. Two main hypotheses were: (a) people with different temperaments would experience different thermal sensations and (b) the classic PMV- predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) model is capable of predicting the neutral sensation in heated buildings under cold outdoor temperatures. There was a direct relationship between individual temperament and clothing level as well as thermal sensation. The occupants who were assessed to have cold temperament tend to wear thicker clothes and were more sensitive to variations in indoor air temperature than others. Females with a cold temperament were more than twice as likely to be affected by indoor air temperature as those with a warm temperament. The PMV-PPD model was able to predict the mean neutral temperature in the heated buildings even when the outdoor temperature fell below 10°C. However, when occupants were able to control high indoor temperature, the percentage of true prediction of actual mean votes by the adaptive thermal heat balance model was more than that by the classic PMV model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses constitute as indispensable group of professionals in the health care delivery system. The quality of patient care is strongly associated with the levels of satisfaction and happiness of the nurses. Happiness, therefore, is a basic human attribute and also a crucial factor in all organizations. The present study delineates the level of happiness of nurses in Kerala, the south Indian state. It also explores their personality dispositions on work and happiness. A cross sectional study has been undertaken among 474 nurses working in different hospitals belonging to diverse sectors in Kerala. The study establishes a positive correlation between happiness and personality traits. It reveals sectoral, gender and generational differences in the happiness levels of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between five personality traits of Zuckerman theory and the General Mental Health Index between two groups of individuals in terms of accident proneness score and to present a predictive model of accident proneness trait in the studied population. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 Iranian male workers of chemical industries having work experience of at least one year and a maximum age of 45 years voluntarily participated in the research. The baseline data and background information of all participants were collected and they were asked to fill out the GHQ-28 questionnaire, Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire, and TAS subscale of the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). The results showed that work experience (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.041), social dysfunction (p=0.037), severe depression (p=0.023), and aggression hostility (p=0.020) were significantly varied between the two groups of accident-prone and non-accidentprone. Also, using the variables investigated by the binary logistic regression model, the attribute of having or not having accident proneness was predicted at R Square of 0.416. It was found that personality traits of Aggression Hostility and Psychological Symptom of Social Dysfunction and Severe Depression have associated with accident proneness in the population under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological and personality characteristics of the applicants for facial cosmetic surgery. Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 385 facial cosmetic surgery applicants who referred to medical centers in Ahvaz (south Iran). The data collection tool included three questionnaires: (1) demographic questions, (2) the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and (3) the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results: The results showed that 45.2% of the participants had abnormal health status. The mean score of the participants on the openness subscale was insignificantly lower than that of the general population (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the mean scores of the participants on the conscientiousness and agreeableness subscales were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Finally, the mean score of the samples on the extroversion subscale was significantly higher than that of the general population (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Given the results of the study, it is strongly recommended to address the personality and psychological characteristics of the applicants for cosmetic surgery before operating on them. Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies of meaning formation are included in the highest level of regulation of an individual life. The article presents the results of empirical determination of the polar meaning strategies marker. In the initial modeling of the meaning formation processes, two polar strategies are proposed: adaptive and developmental. The system of personal meanings occupies a central place in the structure of the personality and is correlated with its properties manifested in interactions. For an empirical description of polar strategies, we developed nine scales of personality properties according to the type of private semantic differential. In these bipolar semantic scales, we used words that denote personality traits that act as indicators of meaning. An empirical study was carried out with the use of various techniques for studying semantic regulation of a person to determine a marker that allows one to identify these meaning strategies. The battery of tests included: the author's private semantic differential, including nine scales of personality properties, "Test of life-sense orientations" (by D. A. Leontiev), test "Who Am I" (by M. Kuhn), "Multiple intelligence test" (by G. Gardner), "Test of frustration tolerance" (by S. Rosenzweig), "Questionnaire of personality reflection" (by I. A. Stetsenko). An empirical sample (n = 145) found that a stable positive statistically significant correlation (p..05) exists only between the indicators of nine developed scales of personal properties and the indicator "Meaningfulness of life" in the "Test of life-sense orientations" by D.A. Leontiev. This indicator "Meaning-fulness of life" can be used as an indicator marker of polar strategies of meaning formation: adaptive and developmental. Its use contributes to a more effective study of the processes of meaning formation and reduces the laboriousness of diagnostic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of substances has been related to difficulties in terms of social cognition and personality. Our objective was to estimate the relationship between social cognition, personality variables and clinical symptoms as variable predictors of addictive behavior. The study included a total of 54 participants from different drug associations in Spain. Statistically significant differences in reaction time in emotional recognition were observed in happiness, disgust, sadness and anger. Significant differences were obtained, with the clinical group scoring lower for the empathy variable. In addition, differences were obtained in clinical variables, such as depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, intensity of symptoms and psychic discomfort. A logistic regression model with previously significant variables accounted for 67% of variance. The predictive variables of the addictive behavior correspond to the reaction time to static emotion stimuli and the ability to put oneself in the place of another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of China's dual carbon target, reducing personal carbon emissions has been identified as a crucial strategy to achieve the target. The 2022 Digital China Development Report emphasizes the significance of implementing the Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) in driving individual carbon reduction efforts in China. However, the psychological factors influencing public participation in CGSP are still unknown. Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study explored the psychological factors of different personality trait groups' participation in the CGSP and categorized 712 respondents into Compatible, Positive, Responsible, and Susceptible based on the MINI-IPIP scale and the K-means method. The results show that the strength of willingness to engage (WTE) in CGSP was ranked as: Compatible > Positive > Responsible > Susceptible and the WTE of compatible groups is more influenced by attitude, while Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) plays a more crucial role in other groups. Personal Norms (PN) and Policy Awareness (PA) were significant for all specific personality groups except the Susceptible group. Surprisingly subjective norms had little to do with WTE. We believe that policymakers should consider the impact of PBC on WTE when formulating policies and raise the expectation of residents in terms of the value they can obtain from participating in CGSP. Additionally, promotional activities related to PN and PA in connection with CGSP should be conducted. These efforts may help individuals better engage in CGSP. • Mechanisms for influencing public participation in the CGSP are discussed. • The extended TPB framework explained 64% of the variance in WTP. • Extended TPB increases the explanatory power of the model. • Personality traits have a significant effect on willingness to participate. • The role of PBC as an explanatory variable for WTE dominance should be emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/significance] This research attempts to investigate the impact of personality traits on the adoption and time spending of mobile photography apps, mobile game apps, mobile shopping apps and mobile video apps. [Method/process] 520 valid samples were collected by questionnaires and further analyzed by using the variance analysis and correlation analysis. [Result/conclusion] The result shows that agreeableness is positively associated with the adoption of mobile photography apps; conscientiousness is negatively associated with the adoption of mobile game apps; extraversion is positively associated with the adoption of mobile shopping apps, mobile video apps and mobile photography apps; neuroticism has negative association with mobile shopping apps, mobile video apps; agreeableness has positive association with time spending on mobile video apps; conscientiousness has negative association with time spending on mobile game apps; extraversion is positively associated with time spending on mobile video apps, mobile photography apps; neuroticism has negative association with time spending on mobile video apps.

between Iranian English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners' performance on C-test and their personality traits measured by Myers Briggs Type Indicator, form M (MBTI-M) and (b) to find if any of the personality traits could predict language learners' performance on C-test. To achieve these two goals, 283 conveniently selected Iranian language learners took a C-test and a Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP), and filled an MBTI-M questionnaire. The results of Pearson correlations showed that Introversion and Thinking were positively correlated with performance on C-test, but Extraversion and Feeling were negatively correlated with language learners' performance on this test. Moreover, the results from the standard multiple regression showed that the strongest personality trait for predicting language learners' performance on C-test was Introversion. The findings may carry implications for language learners, language teachers, and language testers.

Rapid development of new technologies has transformed many aspects of our lives, including shopping. Today, physical stores are no longer the only means of shopping goods thanks to the advent of online stores on the Internet. Intentions to shop from these stores are influenced by a wide variety of internal and external factors. In this paper, the impact of personality on these intentions is explored. In doing so, a total of 130 graduate and postgraduate students at the University of Isfahan were surveyed about their intentions of buying cellphone and computer accessories over the Internet. Structural equations modeling was used to analyze the data. Upon return, one hundred responses were acceptable and thus formed the basis for analysis. According to the results, the Judging dimension, with a coefficient of 70 percent, has the highest impact on online shopping intentions followed by Introversion and Thinking whose coefficients are 54 and 37 percent, respectively. Finally, the Sensing dimension has a coefficient of 27 percent, indicating a negligible impact on online shopping intentions.

The current study examined the longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) in a survey sample of Chinese young adults (N = 233, 48.9% male, mean age = 19.36 years, SD = 0.90 years) who completed the Grit-S twice over a 3-month interval. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the LMI of the Grit-S across time. Results showed that the Grit-S has strict longitudinal invariance (i.e., equality of factor patterns, factor loadings, item intercepts, and item uniqueness for all items) over time. Additionally, the internal consistency indices of the Grit-S were acceptable across time, the stability coefficients over time were moderate, and latent factor means did not differ significantly across time. In sum, these findings suggest that the Grit-S has satisfactory longitudinal properties when used in Chinese young adults.

Personality disorders (PDs) are one of the major problems for the organization of public health systems. Deepening the link between personality traits and psychopathological drifts, it seems increasingly essential for the often dramatic repercussions that PDs have on social contexts. Some of these disorders, such as borderline PD, antisocial PD, in their most tragic expression, are the basis of problems related to crime, sexual violence, abuse, and mistreatment of minors. Many authors propose a dimensional classification of personality pathology, which has received empirical support from numerous studies over the last 20 years based on more robust theoretical principles than those applied to current nosography. The present study investigates the nature of the research carried out in the last years on the personality in the clinical field exploring the contents of current research on personality relapses, evaluating, on the one hand, the emerging areas of greatest interest and others, those that they stopped generating sufficient motivations in scholars. This study evaluates text patterns regarding how the terms “personality” and “mental health” are used in titles and abstracts published in PubMed in the last 5 years. We use a topic analysis: Latent Dirichlet Allocation that expresses every report as a probabilistic distribution of latent topics that are represented as a probabilistic distribution of words. A total of 7,572 abstracts (from 2012 to 2017) were retrieved from PubMed for the query on “mental health” and “personality.” The study found 30 topics organized in eight hierarchical clusters that describe the type of current research carried out on personality and its clinical relapse. The hierarchical clusters latent themes were the following: social dimensions, clinical aspects, biological issues, clinical history of PD, internalization and externalization symptoms, impulsive behaviors, comorbidities, criminal behaviors. The results indicate that the concept of personality is associated with a wide range of conditions. The study of personality and mental health still proceeds, mainly, according to a practical-clinical approach; too little moves, however, according to an innovative research approach, but the work shows the common commitment of scholars to a new way of dealing with the study of personality.