Search

Your search keyword '"Physiology, Comparative"' showing total 4,496 results
Start Over Descriptor "Physiology, Comparative"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
4,496 results on '"Physiology, Comparative"'

204. Physiological regulations, by Edward F. Adolph ...

Author

Adolph, Edward F. (Edward Frederick), 1895-1986, MBLWHOI Library, and Adolph, Edward F. (Edward Frederick), 1895-1986

Subjects
Homeostasis, physiology, Physiology, Comparative
Published
1943

206. Outlines of comparative physiology touching the structure and development of the races of animals, living and extinct : for the use of schools and colleges / by Louis Agassiz and A.A. Gould ; edited from the revised edition and greatly enlarged by Thomas Wright, M.D. ; with 390 illustrations.

Author

Agassiz, Louis, 1807-1873, Gould, Augustus A. (Augustus Addison), 1805-1866, Wright, Thomas, 1809-1884, MBLWHOI Library, University Library, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Agassiz, Louis, 1807-1873, Gould, Augustus A. (Augustus Addison), 1805-1866, and Wright, Thomas, 1809-1884

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative, Zoology
Published
1870

211. On the influence of physical agents on life

Author

Edwards, W. F. (William Frédéric), 1777-1842, Cooper, Astley, Sir, 1768-1841, Hall, Marshall, 1790-1857, Hodgkin, Thomas, 1798-1866, Howard, Luke, 1772-1864, Lister, Joseph Jackson, 1786-1869, Pouillet, M. (Claude Servais Mathias), 1790-1868, King's College London, King's College London, Foyle Special Collections Library (archive.org), Edwards, W. F. (William Frédéric), 1777-1842, Cooper, Astley, Sir, 1768-1841, Hall, Marshall, 1790-1857, Hodgkin, Thomas, 1798-1866, Howard, Luke, 1772-1864, Lister, Joseph Jackson, 1786-1869, Pouillet, M. (Claude Servais Mathias), 1790-1868, and King's College London

Subjects
Animal ecology, Asphyxia, Effect of environment on, Electricity, Electronic books, Electrophysiology, Human beings, Microscopy, physiology, Physiology, Comparative, Respiration, Spleen, Vertebrates
Published
1838

212. Physiological lectures, addressed to the College of Surgeons

Author

Abernethy, John, 1764-1831, Banks, Joseph, 1743-1820, Hunter, John, 1728-1793, King's College London, Royal College of Surgeons of England, King's College London, Foyle Special Collections Library (archive.org), Abernethy, John, 1764-1831, Banks, Joseph, 1743-1820, Hunter, John, 1728-1793, King's College London, and Royal College of Surgeons of England

Subjects
(Franz Josef), (Johann Gaspar), Anatomy, Anatomy, Comparative, Brain, Causes and theories of causation, Characters and characteristics, Diseases, Electronic books, Emotions, Gall, F. J, Head, Hunter, John, Inflammation, Life (Biology), Localization of functions, Mind and body, Nervous system, Personality, Phrenology, Physiognomy, physiology, Physiology, Comparative, Psychology, Psychophysiology, Spurzheim, J. G, Suppuration, Temperament, Tumors
Published
1825

217. The physiology of domestic animals

Author

Smith, Robert Meade, 1854, Cornell University Library, and Smith, Robert Meade, 1854

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative, Veterinary physiology

220. Exuviation, autotomy and regeneration in Ceratium

Author

Kofoid, Charles A. (Charles Atwood), 1865-1947, Cornell University Library, and Kofoid, Charles A. (Charles Atwood), 1865-1947

Subjects
Ceratium, Physiology, Comparative, Regeneration (Biology)

222. Elementary exercises in physiology

Author

Fish, Pierre A. (Pierre Augustine), 1865-1931, Cornell University Library, and Fish, Pierre A. (Pierre Augustine), 1865-1931

Subjects
Analysis, Physiology, Comparative, Urine

226. Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux

Author

Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878, Bert, Paul, 1833-1886, Dastre, A. (Albert), 1844-1917, Vulpian, A. (Alfred), 1826-1887, University of Toronto - Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878, Bert, Paul, 1833-1886, Dastre, A. (Albert), 1844-1917, and Vulpian, A. (Alfred), 1826-1887

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative

227. Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux

Author

Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878, Bert, Paul, 1833-1886, Dastre, A. (Albert), 1844-1917, Vulpian, A. (Alfred), 1826-1887, University of Toronto - Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, Bernard, Claude, 1813-1878, Bert, Paul, 1833-1886, Dastre, A. (Albert), 1844-1917, and Vulpian, A. (Alfred), 1826-1887

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative

234. The biology of marine animals

Author

Nicol, J. A. Colin (Joseph Arthur Colin), 1915, MBLWHOI Library, and Nicol, J. A. Colin (Joseph Arthur Colin), 1915

Subjects
Marine animals, Physiology, Comparative

236. The collected scientific papers of the late Alfred Henry Garrod, M.A., F.R.S

Author

Garrod, A. H. (Alfred Henry), 1846-1879, Forbes, W. A. (William Alexander), 1855-1883, University of Toronto - Gerstein Science Information Centre, Garrod, A. H. (Alfred Henry), 1846-1879, and Forbes, W. A. (William Alexander), 1855-1883

Subjects
Anatomy, Comparative, Physiology, Comparative

238. Animal physiology

Author

Carpenter, William Benjamin, 1813-1885, University of Toronto - Gerstein Science Information Centre, and Carpenter, William Benjamin, 1813-1885

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative

241. The Crustacean Nervous System

Author

Konrad Wiese and Konrad Wiese

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative, Crustacea--Nervous system, Neurobiology
Abstract

Crustacean preparations have been successfully used for more than 50 years to investigate the principles which enable nerve cells and neural circuitry to perform in a wide variety of functions. The proud record of information of general significance obtained from crayfish and lobster nervous systems testifies that the use of an experimental system precisely matching theoretical and experimental requirements ofa measurement is an essential part of the success. In some respects, the secondarily diversified vertebrate and mammalian nervous systems pose severe obstacles to experimentation and measurement, whereas the crustacean nervous system recommends itself by being composed of individual neurons of unique morphology and physiology, which can be used repeatedly in several preparations. Moreover, a restricted number of invariantly displayed behaviors enable the experimenter to correlate neuron activity with parts of the behavior easier. Experts use these advantages to focus on a well-defined neuron and mechanism and to take a convincing measurement within a minimum amount oftime. In this book distinguished neurobiologists, the leading experts in the field, have joined efforts to present research using crustacean experimental systems. Thus they have contributed comprehensive information regarding a nervous system other than that ofvertebrates and mammalians, that ofcrustaceans. The accumulated knowledge on the crustacean nervous system shows that it is clearly divergent in evolution but functions in a similar way to neuronal circuitry found in the vertebrate system and can be used to interpret it.

Published
2002

242. Biochemical Adaptation : Mechanism and Process in Physiological Evolution

Author

Peter W. Hochachka, George N. Somero, Peter W. Hochachka, and George N. Somero

Subjects
Physiology, Comparative, Adaptation (Physiology), Molecular evolution
Abstract

The study of biochemical adaption provides fascinating insights into how organisms'work'and how they evolve to sustain physiological function under a vast array of environmental conditions. This book describes how the abilities of organisms to thrive in widely different environments derive from two fundamental classes of biochemical adaptions: modifications of core biochemical processes that allow a common set of physiological functions to be conserved, and'inventions'of new biochemical traits that allow entry into novel habitats. Biochemical Adaptation: Mechanisms and Process in Physiological Evolution asks two primary questions. First, how have the core biochemical systems found in all species been adaptively modified to allow the same fundamental types of physiological processes to be sustained throughout the wide range of habitat conditions found in the biosphere? Second, through what types of genetic and biochemical processes have new physiological functions been fabricated? The primary audience for this book is faculty, senior undergraduates, and graduate students in environmental biology, comparative physiology, and marine biology. Other likely readers include workers in governmental laboratories concerned with environmental issues, medical students interested in some elements of the book, and medical researchers.

Published
2002

244. Comparative physiology and transcriptome analysis reveals that chloroplast development influences silver-white leaf color formation in Hydrangea macrophylla var. maculata.

Author

Qi X, Chen S, Wang H, Feng J, Chen H, Qin Z, and Deng Y

Subjects
Chlorophyll metabolism, Chloroplasts metabolism, Color, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Physiology, Comparative, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Transcriptome, Hydrangea genetics, Hydrangea metabolism
Abstract

Background: Hydrangea macrophylla var. Maculata 'Yinbianxiuqiu' (YB) is an excellent plant species with beautiful flowers and leaves with silvery white edges. However, there are few reports on its leaf color characteristics and color formation mechanism., Results: The present study compared the phenotypic, physiological and transcriptomic differences between YB and a full-green leaf mutant (YM) obtained from YB. The results showed that YB and YM had similar genetic backgrounds, but photosynthesis was reduced in YB. The contents of pigments were significantly decreased at the edges of YB leaves compared to YM leaves. The ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the YB leaves was irregular. Transcriptome profiling identified 7,023 differentially expressed genes between YB and YM. The expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, chloroplast development and division were different between YB and YM. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression trends were generally consistent with the transcriptome data., Conclusions: Taken together, the formation of the silvery white leaf color of H. macrophylla var. maculata was primarily due to the abnormal development of chloroplasts. This study facilitates the molecular function analysis of key genes involved in chloroplast development and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in leaf coloration in H. macrophylla., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

245. Fibroblasts as an experimental model system for the study of comparative physiology.

Author

Madelaire CB, Klink AC, Israelsen WJ, and Hindle AG

Subjects
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Heat-Shock Proteins metabolism, Mice, Models, Theoretical, Rats, Skin metabolism, Fibroblasts metabolism, Physiology, Comparative
Abstract

Mechanistic evaluations of processes that underlie organism-level physiology often require reductionist approaches. Dermal fibroblasts offer one such approach. These cells are easily obtained from minimally invasive skin biopsy, making them appropriate for the study of protected and/or logistically challenging species. Cell culture approaches permit extensive and fine-scale sampling regimes as well as gene manipulation techniques that are not feasible in vivo. Fibroblast isolation and culture protocols are outlined here for primary cells, and the benefits and drawbacks of immortalization are discussed. We show examples of physiological metrics that can be used to characterize primary cells (oxygen consumption, translation, proliferation) and readouts that can be informative in understanding cell-level responses to environmental stress (lactate production, heat shock protein induction). Importantly, fibroblasts may display fidelity to whole animal physiological phenotypes, facilitating their study. Fibroblasts from Antarctic Weddell seals show greater resilience to low temperatures and hypoxia exposure than fibroblasts from humans or rats. Fibroblast oxygen consumption rates are not affected by temperature stress in the heat-tolerant camel, whereas similar temperature exposures depress mitochondrial metabolism in fibroblasts from rhinoceros. Finally, dermal fibroblasts from a hibernator, the meadow jumping mouse, better resist experimental cooling than a fibroblast line from the laboratory mouse, with the hibernator demonstrating a greater maintenance of homeostatic processes such as protein translation. These results exemplify the parallels that can be drawn between fibroblast physiology and expectations in vivo, and provide evidence for the power of fibroblasts as a model system to understand comparative physiology and biomedicine., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

246. Comparative immunogenomics of molluscs

Author

Jonathan H. Schultz and Coen M. Adema

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Immunology, Sequence assembly, Genomics, Biology, Genome, Article, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Phagocytosis, biology.animal, Immunogenetics, Animals, Physiology, Comparative, Phylogeny, Genetics, Mechanism (biology), Phylum, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Vertebrate, Biological Evolution, Immunity, Innate, 030104 developmental biology, Mollusca, Evolutionary biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Comparative immunology, studying both vertebrates and invertebrates, provided the earliest descriptions of phagocytosis as a general immune mechanism. However, the large scale of animal diversity challenges all-inclusive investigations and the field of immunology has developed by mostly emphasizing study of a few vertebrate species. In addressing the lack of comprehensive understanding of animal immunity, especially that of invertebrates, comparative immunology helps toward management of invertebrates that are food sources, agricultural pests, pathogens, or transmit diseases, and helps interpret the evolution of animal immunity. Initial studies showed that the Mollusca (second largest animal phylum), and invertebrates in general, possess innate defenses but lack the lymphocytic immune system that characterizes vertebrate immunology. Recognizing the reality of both common and taxon-specific immune features, and applying up-to-date cell and molecular research capabilities, in-depth studies of a select number of bivalve and gastropod species continue to reveal novel aspects of molluscan immunity. The genomics era heralded a new stage of comparative immunology; large-scale efforts yielded an initial set of full molluscan genome sequences that is available for analyses of full complements of immune genes and regulatory sequences. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), due to lower cost and effort required, allows individual researchers to generate large sequence datasets for growing numbers of molluscs. RNAseq provides expression profiles that enable discovery of immune genes and genome sequences, reveal distribution and diversity of immune factors across molluscan phylogeny. Although computational de novo sequence assembly will benefit from continued development and automated annotation may require some experimental validation, NGS is a powerful tool for comparative immunology, especially increasing coverage of the extensive molluscan diversity. To date, immunogenomics revealed new levels of complexity of molluscan defense by indicating sequence heterogeneity in individual snails and bivalves, and members of expanded immune gene families are expressed differentially to generate pathogen-specific defense responses.

Published
2017

247. The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

Author

Britta Engelhardt, Roy O. Weller, and Peter Vajkoczy

Subjects
Central Nervous System, 0301 basic medicine, Immunology, Central nervous system, Autoimmunity, Biology, Immune tolerance, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune privilege, Cell Movement, Immune Tolerance, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 610 Medicine & health, Immunologic Surveillance, Physiology, Comparative, Immune surveillance, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Neuroimmunology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphatic system, Dura Mater, Microglia, Peripheral lymph, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Discoveries leading to an improved understanding of immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) have repeatedly provoked dismissal of the existence of immune privilege of the CNS. Recent rediscoveries of lymphatic vessels within the dura mater surrounding the brain, made possible by modern live-cell imaging technologies, have revived this discussion. This review emphasizes the fact that understanding immune privilege of the CNS requires intimate knowledge of its unique anatomy. Endothelial, epithelial and glial brain barriers establish compartments in the CNS that differ strikingly with regard to their accessibility to immune-cell subsets. There is a unique system of lymphatic drainage from the CNS to the peripheral lymph nodes. We summarize current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in immune-cell trafficking and lymphatic drainage from the CNS, and we take into account differences in rodent and human CNS anatomy.

Published
2017

249. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool for comparative physiology: lessons from the thirteen-lined ground squirrel

Author

Sarah Rosa, Jingxing Ou, Luke E. Berchowitz, and Wei Li

Subjects
Hibernation, Physiology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Cell Culture Techniques, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Model organism, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Ground squirrel, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Comparative, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, ved/biology, Research, Sciuridae, Torpor, biology.organism_classification, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Commentary, Animal Science and Zoology, Stem cell, Adaptation, Reprogramming, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Comparative physiologists are often interested in adaptive physiological phenomena found in unconventional model organisms; however, research on these species is frequently constrained by the limited availability of investigative tools. Here, we propose that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from unconventional model organisms may retain certain species-specific features that can consequently be investigated in depth in vitro; we use hibernating mammals as an example. Many species (including ground squirrels, bats and bears) can enter a prolonged state of physiological dormancy known as hibernation to survive unfavorable seasonal conditions. Our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the rapid transition and adaptation to a hypothermic, metabolically suppressed winter torpor state remains limited partially because of the lack of an easily accessible model. To address the fascinating unanswered questions underlying hibernation biology, we have developed a powerful model system: iPSCs from a hibernating species, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). These stem cells can potentially be differentiated into any cell type, and can be used for the analysis of cell-autonomous mechanisms that facilitate adaptation to hibernation and for comparisons with non-hibernators. Furthermore, we can manipulate candidate molecular and cellular pathways underlying relevant physiological phenomena by pharmacological or RNAi-based methods, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Moreover, iPSC strategies can be applied to other species (e.g. seals, naked mole rats, humming birds) for in vitro studies on adaptation to extreme physiological conditions. In this Commentary, we discuss factors to consider when attempting to generate iPSCs from unconventional model organisms, based on our experience with the thirteen-lined ground squirrel.

Published
2019

250. Introduction to the special issue on Aquaculture for Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Author

Inna M. Sokolova and Tillmann J. Benfey

Subjects
Cognitive science, Physiology, business.industry, Reproduction, Fishes, Aquaculture, Biology, Biochemistry, Integrative physiology, Comparative Biochemistry, Stress, Physiological, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Sexual Maturation, business, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Comparative, Introductory Journal Article
Published
2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results