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It is well known that some lifestyle factors are related to depression, but their cumulative contribution to the depression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the importance of multiple lifestyle factors in contributing to depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Between September and December in 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 1907 Chinese college students from Guangzhou, Southern China. College students completed self-administered questionnaires and reported their lifestyle factors including sleep quality and duration, Internet use, smoking, drinking, exercise, outdoor activity or sunlight exposure, and eating breakfast. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms were defined as the CES-D score ≥16. Among all the students, 29.7% reported mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Higher quality and longer duration of sleep, more exercises, more outdoor activities or sunlight exposures, and eating breakfast daily were associated with a lower CES-D score, which could explain 11.3% of variance of the CES-D score, after adjusting for socio-demographics, family history, interpersonal relationship, and academic characteristics using hierarchical multivariable linear regression. These associations were comparable between males and females. The protective role of healthy lifestyles should be considered in intervention programs for improving mental health among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND During the production of early hybrid rice seed, the seeds dehydrated slowly and retained high moisture levels when rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, and the rice seeds easily occurred pre-harvest sprouting ( PHS) along with high temperature. Therefore it is necessary to harvest the seeds before the PHS occurred. RESULTS The seeds of hybrid rice ( Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) cv. Qianyou No1 that harvests from 19 to 28 days after pollination ( DAP) all had high seed vigour. The seed moisture content at 10 DAP was 36.1%, and declined to 28.6% at 19 DAP; the contents of soluble sugar and total starch increased significantly with the development of seeds. The soluble protein content, the level of abscisic acid ( ABA) and gibberellin ( GA3), and ascorbate peroxidase ( APX) activity continued to decrease from 10 DAP to 19 DAP. The seeds at 19 DAP had the highest peroxidase ( POD) activity and lowest catalase ( CAT) activity while the superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity had no significant difference among the different developing periods. The relative expressions of genes 64S Hsp18.0 and Os03g0267200 transcripts increased significantly from 10 to 19 DAP, and then decreased. However, no significant change was recorded in soluble protein, sugar and GA3 after 16 DAP, and they all significantly correlated with seed viability and vigour during the process of seed maturity. CONCLUSION The seeds of hybrid rice Qianyou No1 had a higher viability and vigour when harvested from 19 DAP to 28 DAP, the transcription levels of 64S Hsp18.0 and Os03g0267200 increased significantly from 10 DAP to 19 DAP and the highest value was recorded at 19 DAP. The seeds could be harvested as early as 19 DAP without negative influence on seed vigour and viability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was to investigate whether the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM9) is correlated with the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to evaluate the significance of HDGF and ADAM9 as novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I NSCLC, to provide essential consistence proof to the possible novel pathway of HDGF-ADAM9 pathway. Methods: Sixty-three cases of resected stage I NSCLC with mediastinal N2 lymph node dissection were immunohistochemically analyzed for HDGF and ADAM9 protein expression. Multivariate analysis and survival analysis were conducted. Results: HDGF and ADAM9 were observed highly expressed in NSCLC compared with normal control lung tissues ( P < 0.05). HDGF high expression cases showed significantly lower survival rate (55.6 vs. 84.7 %, P = 0.009). HDGF high expression was an independent factor of shortened survival time in resected stage I NSCLC ( P = 0.015). ADAM9 high expression cases showed significantly lower survival rate (56.9 vs. 88.7 %, P = 0.015). ADAM9 high expression was an independent factor of shortened survival time in resected stage I NSCLC ( P = 0.021). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that ADAM9 expression was correlated positively and significantly with HDGF expression in 63 cases of stage I NSCLC ( r = 0.547, P = 0.000). Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate that ADAM9 high expression is correlated positively and significantly with HDGF high expression, which provides essential evidence for the novel HDGF-ADAM9 pathway, through which HDGF promotes invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells; HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, which might become useful predictive biomarkers for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in surgically resected stage I NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To study and establish the preliminary linear and modified models for the interface shear mechanics performance between implant and bone cement and to explore its damage significance. Method: The loosening research between artificial hip joint prosthesis stem and bone cement interface performance can be evaluated by the push-in test. Based on the debonding performance test, the analytical expressions of the average load and displacement from the debonding failure and splitting failure process were deduced and determined. The correlations of the expressions of the average load-displacement and statistical experimental data were analyzed. Results: It demonstrated that the interface debonding failure mechanical model could be characterized as interface bond strength mechanical performance. Based on analysis of models and experimental data by the three statistical analysis methods, the results indicated the modified model could be better represented by the interfacial debonding strength properties. The bond stress τ and relative sliding s distribution along the embedment regional were coupling affected by both pressure arch effect and shear lag effect in bone cement. Two stress peaks of implant have been found at the distance from 0.175L a loading tip to 0.325L a free tip, which also verified the early loosening clinical reports for the proximal and latter region. As the bone cement arch effect, the bond stress peak tend to move to the free tip when the debonding failure would be changed into the splitting failure, which presents a preliminary study on the mechanism of early debonding failure for the stem-cement interface. Conclusions: Functional models of the stem-bone cement interfacial debonding failure are developed to analyze the relevant mechanism. The different locational titanium alloy stress, and the interfacial bond stress and the relative slides are evaluated to acquire a guide of the different positions of interfacial damage. The coupling effect which is original from the pressure arch and the interfacial shear hysteresis cumulative effect has influence on the interfacial debonding and damage process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel redox-induced shape-memory polymer (SMP) is prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin modified chitosan (β-CD-CS) and ferrocene modified branched ethylene imine polymer (Fc-PEI). The resulting β-CD-CS/Fc-PEI contains two crosslinks: reversible redox-sensitive β-CD-Fc inclusion complexes serving as reversible phases, and covalent crosslinks serving as fixing phases. It is shown that this material can be processed into temporary shapes as needed in the reduced state and recovers its initial shape after oxidation. The recovery ratio and the fixity ratio are both above 70%. Furthermore, after entrapping glucose oxidase (GOD) in the system, the material shows a shape memory effect in response to glucose. The recovery ratio and the fixity ratio are also above 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the effects of copper-oxide on ceruloplasmin messenger-RNA expression (mRNA) in chicken hepatocytesand hepatic enzyme activities. It informs that the ceruloplasmin (CP) mRNA expression of the hepatocytes was detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It informs that CP mRNA expression of the chicken hepatocytes was decreased by the concentration increase of the copper supplement.

Applying the theory of cylindrical cavity expansion, the mechanical characteristics of gas-filled coal were studied. Expressions of stress distribution were expressed in cavity expansion zone, fractured zone, plastic zone and elastic zone. The mechanism of cracks evolution in coal was investigated based on theoretical expressions, numerical simulation and model experiment. The results show that the interaction of compression wave and unloading wave form cracks in gas-filled coal. The main energy of blasting is used to form fractured zone, so the coal have more lager area than rock under blasting loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer demand is dynamic, context-dependent and highly dependent on time and space. How to grasp customer demand dynamically is a meaningful and valuable task both in theory and practice. Presently, there is little theoretical study an the evolution of customer demand. Customers do not passively adapt to the changing environment, but actively seek the variation of demand. With the increasing maturity of customers, the content and structure of their demand is constantly variable. Thus the evolution process of customer demand can be divided into three stages: product demand, service demand and relation demand. The three stages are interactive and their process of evolution follows certain rules. But how does the evolution of customer demand occur? We propose a model to explain the issue. In each specific stage, the demand state is described as a hierarchical combination of three needs: basic need, satisfaction need and attraction need. If an evolutionary perspective is adopted here, the rule in demand evolution is that attraction need emerges and transforms itself into satisfaction need and hence satisfaction need into basic need. The dominant need in the latter stage constitutes the attraction need in the former stage. It is due to the stimulating force of the attraction need that three levels of demand evolve and develop in their respective stages. Finally, we would like to express our view on the driven force behind the evolution of customer demand. The evolution of customer demand is driven both by the internal motive and the external stimulus. Through the interactions of all driving factors of supplier, customer and environment, the interactive mechanism between the desired value and the perceived value can influence and change the customer behavior. Conversely, the changed customer behavior has an impact on the behavior of the enterprises, giving rise to the change of external stimulus and finally leading to the actual evolution. Customers' purchasing process is virtually the process of meeting needs. In the light of the standard of satisfaction, customers retain some demands of the former state and generate other new demands. This will result in the continuous evolution of the content and structure of customers' demand. The research on the evolution process of customer demand is helpful and beneficial to the enterprises in grasping customers' demand and provides a theoretical basis for their sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thallium, a highly toxic heavy metal and priority pollutant, has been widely reported to cause neurodevelopmental toxicity in animals. However, accessible epidemiological studies concerning the neurodevelopmental toxicity of early-life thallium exposure in humans are limited. In a prospective birth cohort including 2164 mother-child pairs, we explored the effect of prenatal serum thallium exposure on cognitive development among preschool-aged children born in Ma'anshan, Anhui, China. Serum thallium concentrations were measured in the first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and cord blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Child cognitive development was appraised by the Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) at 4.5 years old. Multiple informants generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were fit to jointly estimate the association between the four repeated measurements of thallium concentrations and the preschool-aged children's cognitive test scores. After adjusting for potential confounders, the visual spatial index (VSI) was 1.45 points lower in the highest tertile of serum thallium during the first trimester than in the lowest tertile (p for trend = 0.04). Moreover, children in the highest tertile of serum thallium during the third trimester had a significantly lower full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) (β = −1.51, 95% CI: −2.68, −0.35), VSI (β = −1.79, 95% CI: −3.16, −0.42), fluid reasoning index (FRI) (β = −1.41, 95% CI: −2.73, −0.10), and processing speed index (PSI) (β = −1.47, 95% CI: −2.71, −0.24) scores than the children in the lowest tertile. When performing stratified analysis by child sex, the associations of first- and third-trimester thallium concentrations with cognitive test scores were more prominent in boys than in girls. Our findings revealed that maternal serum thallium exposure during the first and third trimesters, but not other periods, had detrimental effects on preschoolers' cognitive development, and these effects showed sex differences. [Display omitted] • We assessed prenatal thallium exposure in serum samples collected at four periods. • We used multiple informants models to identify critical windows of Tl neurotoxicity. • The higher Tl levels at the first trimester were associated with lower VSI scores. • Third-trimester Tl was inversely associated with FSIQ, VSI, FRI, and PSI scores. • Tl exposure was most likely associated with worse cognitive development for boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a multifunctional metastructure (MS) which realizes linear to circular polarization conversion and sensing function based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). MS is made of silicon dioxide as substrate, and silicon as surface material, by etching cross holes and square holes on it to form a 2 × 2 structure, through the transmission of terahertz (THz) band, to form an ultrahigh quality factor (Q -factor), and realize the conversion of linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized ones. At 178.190 THz, it achieves a Q value of 2969, and in the range 178.193 TH to 178.200 THz, the axial ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB and the insertion loss is less than 0.0001. In addition, by changing the permittivity of the surrounding environment, the minimum of the output wave will produce a good linear frequency shift. Using this feature, the given device can also be used as a dielectric constant sensor to detect air quality. The device has a sensing sensitivity (S) of 6.415 THz RIU−1 and a figure of merit (FOM) of 106.9. The parameters (H , w 2 , L 2 , g 2), incidence angle (θ) and the polarization angle (φ) are discussed. The effects of different parameters on the Q -factor and AR were analyzed, which helped to select the optimal parameters. The design can also be used in communication and biosensing. • The MS is multi-function, has high Q-factor, and works in the terahertz. • The MS can realize linear to circular polarization conversion. • The MS can realize quasi-bound states in the continuum. • The MS can realize the sensing of permittivity. • The MS provides a new way for air quality detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]