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The buffer setting and management mechanism in Critical chain method was combined with practical progress vanguard line in this paper. Then the information statistical and analysis methods of project schedule was given, and the methods are applied in project scheduling management of warship scheduled repair. With the application analysis in maintenance project shows that this methods can identify the activity chain which really lead to the lag of project scheduling. This shows that the method was given in this paper presents an applicable value for actual warship scheduled repair project scheduling management. CLC number: U672 Document id code: A

This paper reviewed and analyzed the literature about the improvement mechanism of energy efficiency, examining the relationship among industrial structure adjustment, technology innovation and energy efficiency with Hubei province’s data during 2001~2010, and finding that industrial structure adjustment and technology innovation can promote energy efficiency very significantly. Even so, because the elimination of backward production capacity will be more difficult and the energy-saving space will be narrower, government should encourage citizens’ participation, pay more attention to the use of market mechanisms, and promote the development and application of the technology using preferential tax policies.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Zhiwei Fangbian Capsule (ZWFBC) on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities in gastric mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.MethodsTotally 90 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal group (n=10) and model group (n=80). The CAG rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type was induced by synthetic methods. After modeling for 12 weeks and the successful CAG model was determined, the CAG model rats were divided by random number table into model group (MG), ZWFB high-dose group (ZWFBH), ZWFB middle-dose group (ZWFBM), ZWFB low-dose group (ZWFBL) and Weimeisu group (WM), 9 rats in each group. The rats in the normal and model groups were intragastrically administrated with distilled water, 10 mL/kg every day; the ZWFB high-dose group with ZWFB, 0.6 g·kg−1·d−1; the ZWFB middle-dose group with ZWFB, 0.3 g·kg−1·d−1; the ZWFB low-dose group with ZWFB, 0.15 g·kg−1·d−1, and the WM group with suspension of WM, 0.25 g·kg−1·d−1 . The treatment was given for 90 consecutive days. Then general survival states were observed and the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in gastric mucosa tissue were detected.ResultsCompared with the normal group, activity of LDH in the gastric mucosa (P

The fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded (FSSW) AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet joints was investigated by tension–compression of fatigue test. The results suggest that all the fatigue failures occur at the stir zone of the FSSW AZ31 sheet joints, and all cracks initiate at the stir zone outer edge between the upper and lower sheet. When the cycle force equals 1 kN, the crack propagates along the interface of heat-affected zone and thermo-mechanical zone, simultaneously across the direction of force; while the cycle force equals 3 kN, the crack propagates along the diameter of stir zone and shear failure occurs finally. Moreover, the transverse microsections indicate that there is a tongue-like region at the outer edge of stir zone between the two AZ31 sheets, and the direction of tongue-like region is toward outside of the stirred zone and all fatigue cracks initiate at the tongue-like region.

In this paper, we design and implement general parameterized IP (Intellectual Property) cores of convolutional encoder with SMIC 0.35μm CMOS technology, serial structure and parallel structure respectively. And analyze each of the power dissipation using Synopsys PTPX tool. The result shows the parallel circuit structure saves 14 percent power dissipation compared to that of serial circuit structure, with the same encode radio. Meanwhile, computing speed of parallel structure with 8-bit parallelism is 8 times than that of serial structure under the same clock frequency. Certainly, serial circuit structure has their particular characters such as easily realized and less resource consumption.

The characters of more high speed computing and much less low power dissipation are needed to settle for convolutional encodes. In this paper, we present a parallel method for convolutional encodes with SMIC 0.35μm CMOS technology; hardware design and VLSI implementation of this algorithm are also presented. Use this method, parallel circuits structure can be easily designed, which take on excellent characters of more high speed computing and low power dissipation compared with traditional serial shift register structure for convolutional encodes.

Network virtualization has been propounded as a key diversifying feature of the future internetworking paradigm and will play a crucial role in the next generation Internet. The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) could serve as a key enabler for network virtualization and greatly facilitate network discovery and selection in the mobile Internet. In this paper, we study the problem of network discovery and selection in virtualization-based future mobile Internet. We first advocate a new perspective of network discovery and selection that fits the network virtualization, and then explore application of the SOA principle for realizing this new perspective. We develop a service-oriented system for network discovery and selection in the mobile Internet and propose a scalable information update mechanism for achieving real-time network discovery and selection. Numerical analysis results are also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed system and mechanism.

Network virtualization has been proposed as a key contribution to the future internetworking paradigm and is expected to play a crucial role in the next generation Internet. Although interesting progress has been made towards network virtualization, end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia services in network virtualization environments is still an important open topic. In this paper, we tackle this challenging issue by modeling multimedia service delivery in network virtualization and proposing efficient path selection algorithms for virtual networks. The main contributions of this paper are a model for the end-to-end multimedia service delivery in network virtualization environments, proposal of efficient algorithms for selecting paths traversing the network infrastructure for QoS provisioning in virtual networks, and analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the modeling technique and the algorithms proposed in this paper are general and flexible, and therefore applicable to the delivery of multimedia content in various heterogeneous networking systems in the next generation Internet.

GdFeO3 microspheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. Citrate acid and ethylene glycol were found to be key factors to the purity and the surface morphology of the GdFeO3 microspheres. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum shows that the products have broad absorption in visible-light region, whereas the magnetic measurement indicates the products show weak ferromagnetic behavior and can be easily separated from the suspension by a magnet. The photocatalytic experiment demonstrates that the prepared GdFeO3 microspheres exhibit well and stable photocatalytic activity for decomposition of 4-chlorophenol under visible-light irradiation, which is ascribed to their porous structures as well as narrow optical band gap.

The crucial role that networking plays in Cloud computing calls for a holistic vision that allows combined control, management, and optimization of both networking and computing resources in a Cloud environment, which leads to a convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Network virtualization is being adopted in both telecommunications and the Internet as a key attribute for the next generation networking. Virtualization, as a potential enabler of profound changes in both communications and computing domains, is expected to bridge the gap between these two fields. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), when applied in network virtualization, enables a Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) paradigm that may greatly facilitate the convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Recently the application of SOA in network virtualization has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industry. Although numerous relevant research works have been published, they are currently scattered across multiple fields in the literature, including telecommunications, computer networking, Web services, and Cloud computing. In this article we present a comprehensive survey on the latest developments in service-oriented network virtualization for supporting Cloud computing, particularly from a perspective of network and Cloud convergence through NaaS. Specifically, we first introduce the SOA principle and review recent research progress on applying SOA to support network virtualization in both telecommunications and the Internet. Then we present a framework of network-Cloud convergence based on service-oriented network virtualization and give a survey on key technologies for realizing NaaS, mainly focusing on state of the art of network service description, discovery, and composition. We also discuss the challenges brought in by network-Cloud convergence to these technologies and research opportunities available in these areas, with a hope to arouse the research community's interest in this emerging interdisciplinary field.

Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most significant recent developments in the field of networking. Energy efficiency and scalability are two important technical issues that must be fully addressed in order to build high-performance IoTs. Topology control (TC) plays a crucial role in scalable and energy-efficient IoTs. In this chapter, we first give an overview of TC technologies and their applications in IoTs. Then we describe a systematic approach for topology construction in IoT to achieve scalability and energy efficiency. Such an approach includes a hierarchical system framework for IoT deployment, an optimization model for realizing energy efficiency, and an algorithm for solving the optimization mode. Experimental results are also presented in the chapter to show effectiveness of this topology construction approach.

Service Economics has been successfully proposed and implemented for promoting the macro service market especially in Global value chains which however does not provide guidance and integrate directly with the IT side implementation. Therefore there leaves a gap of the refinement from the strategic business planning to ubiquitous services implementation in the API (Application Program Interface) economy. Recently Gio Wiederhold attributed this gap to the knowledge difference between economists and the IT professionals and proposed to solve it from the IT side. As an instance of this guidance in the practice of Value Driven Design, we proposed a systemic formalization from the value calculation to the design quality measurement which binds the modification and change on the design artifacts with the business value strategy through a framework of managed quality properties in a service design process.

UML view integration has been extensively studied in the area of model transformation in Model Driven Development. Empirical processing rules are among the most widely employed approaches for processing view abstraction, which can support model simplification, consistency checking, and management complexity reduction. However, empirical rules face some challenges such as completeness validation, consistency among rules, and composition priority arrangement. The challenge of rule composition is amplified in the environment of distributed model driven development for web service-based systems where redundant information/data is emphasized. The same redundant information can be expressed in different forms that comprise various topological structures for entity relationship networks representing the same part of the system. Such variation will result in choosing different compositions of rules executed in different orders, which will increase the severity of non-determinism from the empirical probability of some rules. In this paper, we propose a formal solution for addressing this challenge through constructing finite-state automaton for unifying empirical abstraction rules while relieving the side effects caused by redundancy. We investigate the effect of redundancy on rules application through designing a simulated distributed storage for an example diagram model. We also show the results obtained from a prototype implementation.

In this paper, we demonstrate a system for automated trans- formation rule application in mobile system development. Our application enables correctness and consistency of the automated transformation rules, by leveraging Egyed's work [2] on automated model transformation. Our approach is im- plemented viafinite state automation generation, extending from our previous work.

Software Defined Networking (SDN), the novel paradigm of decoupling the control logic from packet forwarding devices, has been drawing considerable attention from both academia and industry. As the latency between a controller and switches is a significant factor for SDN, selecting appropriate locations for controllers to shorten the latency becomes one grand challenge. In this paper, we investigate multi-controller placement problem from the perspective of latency minimization. Distinct from previous works, the network partition technique is introduced to simplify the problem. Specifically, the network partition problem and the controller placement problem are first formulated. An optimized K-means algorithm is then proposed to address the problem. Extensive simulations are conducted and results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can remarkably reduce the maximum latency between centroid and their nodes compared with the standard K-means. Specifically, the maximum latency can reach 2.437 times shorter than the average latency achieved by the standard K-means.

To observe the dynamic time-phase expressions of key genes of brain-gut CaM signal pathway of spleen Qi deficiency rats and the intervention effect of Sijunzi decoction.Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, model 14 d, 21 d, 28 d groups, and Sijunzi decoction 14 d, 21 d, 28 d groups. Except for the normal control group, the remaining groups were included into the spleen Qi deficiency model with the bitter cold breaking Qi method (ig 7.5 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ of Rheum officinale, Fructus aurantii immaturus, Magnolia officinalis preparation) and the exhaustive swimming method. On the 7th day after the modeling, the Sijunzi decoction groups were orally administered with Sijunzi decoction 20 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹. The expressions of key genes CaM/CaMK II of CaM signaling pathway in hippocampus and intestine at different time points by immunohistochemical method and Western blot. At the same time, the intervention effect of Sijunzi decoction on spleen Qi deficiency rats and its mechanism were analyzed.Spleen Qi deficiency rats showed higher intestinal CaM/CaMK II expression and lower hippocampus CaM/CaMK II expression than normal rats (P0.05, P0.01). After the treatment of Sijunzi decoction, spleen Qi deficiency rats showed reduction in intestinal CaM/CaMK II expression and increase in hippocampus CaM/CaMK II expression (P0.05, P0.01).The formation of spleen Qi deficiency syndrome may be related to the high expression of CaM/CaMK II in small intestine tissues and its low expression in hippocampus tissues. Sijunzi decoction may achieve the therapeutic effect in spleen Qi deficiency syndrome by reducing the CaM/CaMK II expression in intestinal tissues and increasing it in hippocampus tissues.

Objective To investigate the correlation between activation of toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) signaling pathway and tumor-associated macrophage and its effect on the tumor growth. Methods The mice Lewis lung cancer cell lines 3LL and melanoma B16H10 were used to construct the subcutaneous transplantation tumor models and then they were treated with Poly-ICLC. The curative effect was observed and then the T cell and macrophage phenotypes infiltrated in local tumor were detected by flow cytometry. After the in vitro culture of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage, the real-time PCR and western blot were applied to detect the expression of macrophage activation markers and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Results The survival time of mice with brown tumor treated with Poly-ICLC significantly increased and the tumor growth was inhibited. The ratio of local tumor-infiltrated Treg decreased, while the ratio of CD8 + T cell increased significantly. The macrophages surface CD206 expression was down-regulated while the expression of iNOS increased. The Poly-ICLC could promote the expression of M1 markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS) in bone marrow-derived macrophage and inhibited the expression of M2 molecules (Arg-1, YM-1 and CD206). The phosphorylation level of downstream p65, TBK1 and IRF3 increased significantly. Conclusions The Poly-ICLC can activate the TLR3 downstream signaling pathway to induce a M1 polarization of tumor associated macrophage, thereby inhibiting the tumor growth.

Falling water film on an inclined plane is studied by shadowgraphy. The ranges of inclination angle and the film Reynolds number are, respectively, up to 21° and 60. Water is used as working fluid. The scenario of wave regime evolution is identified as three distinctive regimes, namely, initial quiescent smooth film flow, two-dimensional regular solitary wave pattern riding on film flow, and three-dimensional irregular wave pattern. Three characteristic parameters of two-dimensional solitary wave pattern, namely, inception length, primary pulse spacing, and propagation velocity, are examined, which are significant in engineering applications for estimation of heat and mass transfer on film flow. The present experimental data are well in agreement with the Koizumi correlations, the deviation from which is limited to 20% and 15%, respectively, for primary pulse spacing and propagation velocity. Through the scrutiny of the present experimental observation, it is concluded that wave evolution on film flow at the moderate Reynolds number is controlled by gravity and drag and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability that occurred on the steep front of primary pulse triggers the disintegration of continuous two-dimensional regular solitary wave pattern into three-dimensional irregular wave pattern.

Turbo Code is a channel coding with excellent error-correcting performance in the condition of low noise-signal ratio.It has a superior decoding performance approaching the Shannon limit by adopting the random coding and decoding. This paper focuses on Turbo code and its implementation with FPGA and deeply analyzes the decoding theory and algorithm of Turbo code. Firstly, it analyzes the decoding theory of Turbo code. Then, it discusses key issues in the process of implementation with the most excellent and complicated Max—log—MAP algorithm. At last, it ends up with the Turbo encoder and decoding algorithm which hardware is successfully implemented finally.

In this paper, ANSYS, a finite element analysis software is used to simulate the change of temperature field in micro-hole processing with millisecond laser, which determines the diameter and depth of the hole drilled. The relationship between processing parameters and the hole size is plotted, so as to achieve size control of a micro-hole processing. Compared with experimental results, simulation is effective for laser processing of micro-hole and can be referenced to choose the best processing parameters.

The technology to produce micro-holes without recast layer on nickel-based alloy is studied in this work. The holes are firstly drilled with Nd: YAG laser, a millisecond pulsed laser of high power and efficiency. For the reason of thermal effect, however, holes drilled by this laser always have the defect of recast layer, which is a serious problem, especially in the application as aviation and aerospace engine. In order to remove the recast layer, laser parameters are optimized to produce micro-holes with the least recast layer, and then a kind of chemical etching is used to clear the residual recast layer completely.

The experiments of micro-hole ablation are conducted firstly on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with Nd: YAG millisecond laser. A significant factor which affects the depth of blind hole is found: the depth of recast material. This paper closely examines the regularity of recast depth varying with laser parameters, discovering that the ratio of recast depth to the entire hole depth decreases as pulse width decreases, and increases as peak power decreases. Verification experiment is conducted on stainless steel 1Cr13, eventually micro-hole with very thin recast layer is drilled when the maximum peak power and the minimum pulse width of the present millisecond laser are used.

The gob-side entry retaining technology can be used to not only solve the problem of intensity in successive mining but also reduce the 10,000 tons' drivage rate and improve the coal recovery. Based on the established roof cutting mechanical model, the method of numerical simulation is used to determine the technical parameters of gob-side entry retaining in one coal mine. The reduction in cross-section of the roadway is 10.8% according to the field observation, which shows that the gob-side entry retaining has obtained preferable results and fulfilled the demand of safe production in the face.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants is known to be associated with structural change and the presence of new chimeric genes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In this study, the atp6 and apt9 gene fragments were cloned from mtDNA of a CMS line and its maintainer and restorer lines of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) using PCR and degenerate primers that were designed according to the conserved sequences within the coding region of chondriogenes atp6 and atp9 of some dicotyledons recorded in GenBank. In spite of incompleteness of the coding region, the cloned fragments showed a homology of over 94% and over 85% with atp6 and atp9 genes, respectively, from the dicotyledons in GenBank. The whole sequences of atp6 and atp9 genes including the complete open reading frames were cloned by amplifying the 3′ and 5′ end unknown sequences of these gene fragments using a DNA Walking strategy. The atp6 gene showed no difference among the CMS line, maintainer and restorer lines of ramie in DNA sequence, transcription and translation, and in the levels of protein. However, compared to the atp9 gene from the maintainer and restorer lines, within the coding region, the atp9 gene from the CMS line had a number of different nucleotides and a sequence deficiency of as many as 21 nucleotides at the 3′ end. An unusual high expression of the atp9 gene in the CMS line at the budding and full-bloom stages was revealed by RT-PCR analysis. The results indicated that the variation in DNA sequence and its encoding product, and/or the abnormal expression of the atp9 gene in the CMS line, may be closely related to male sterility in ramie. This work provides basic knowledge for understanding the function of the atp9 gene causing CMS in ramie and subsequently the molecular genetic mechanisms.

Ubiquitous and pervasive Grid computing is an emerging computing paradigm that will have a significant impact on the next-generation information infrastructure. Communication networks form a significant integrant of ubiquitous and pervasive Grids and must be utilized effectively by the Grids. The notion of Grid network service may greatly facilitate integrating networking systems into the Grid architecture, and network service description and discovery play a crucial role in the network-Grid integration. Current service description and discovery technologies must be enhanced to meet the special requirements of network service description and discovery for high-performance ubiquitous and pervasive Grids. Network service description needs a model for service provisioning capability and network service discovery must be able to select those networks that meet certain performance requirements. The wide variety of networking systems in ubiquitous and pervasive Grids require general and flexible network service description and discovery approaches that are applicable to heterogeneous networks. The research presented in this article aims at developing network service description and discovery technologies for high-performance ubiquitous and pervasive Grid computing. The main contributions of this article include a general model for describing service capabilities of various networking systems, a service discovery technology for selecting network services that meet the performance requirements specified by Grid applications, and a resource allocation scheme for Grid network services to provide networking performance guarantees. The developed model and technologies are general and flexible; thus are applicable to the wide variety of heterogeneous networks in ubiquitous and pervasive Grid computing environments.

The plastic deformation and damage behavior of coarse-grained commercially pure iron containing grain boundary micro-voids were investigated at room temperature with different strain rates ranging from 1.0×10-5s-1 to 1.0×10-2s-1 under uniaxial tension. It is found that, with increasing strain rate, the lower yield stress and ultimate tensile strength increase normally, and abnormally the elongation increases as well. By comparison with the similar cases of other materials, the present phenomenon of anomalous strain rate effect on elongation is thought to be related to the pre-existence of GB micro-voids in the raw CP iron material. The extending deformation of GB micro-voids towards the tensile direction would contribute more to the total elongation, as the strain rate increases; this should be the most possible reason for the anomalous strain-rate dependence of elongation.

The test here is to simulate the process of flat and vertical roll from Baogang heavy rail using the finite element, which analyzes the steel, the high strings, the initial stress and straightening process effect on residual stress. It is concluded that the discipline among the steel, the high strings, the initial stress, straightening process and residual stress.

Keloid is regarded as a fibroproliferative disorder with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. However, the molecular mechanism of keloid formation is not well understood and no treatment modality is consistently effective. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is known as a collagen-specific molecular chaperone which plays a critical role in collagen biosynthesis. Results of our previous in vitro experiments demonstrated that HSP47 might be an important reason for excessive collagen accumulation in regard to keloid formation. Our objective is to investigate whether HSP47 has an influence on collagen metabolism in animal keloid models. The constructed plasmids, carrying HSP47-small hairpin RNA (shRNA), were transfected into animal keloid models, in comparison with the control groups. After transfection, the mRNA and protein expression of HSP47 and collage type I were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Both the mRNA and protein levels of HSP47 in animal keloid models were decreased dramatically after transfection of the HSP47- shRNA plasmid, in comparison with the control group. Following the down-regulation of HSP47, we found that the volume of animal keloid models and the major collagen expression were reduced correspondingly. Combining the results of our previous in vitro experiment results, we suggest that overexpression of HSP47 in keloid fibroblast cells could induce excessive collagen accumulation by enhancing collagen synthesis, which not only presents a possible mechanism of keloid formation, but also offers a therapeutic potential of RNA interference to HSP47 for the treatment of keloids and other fibroproliferative disorders.

To investigate the fatigue failure of coal under uniaxial stress, multilevel cyclic loading tests on cylindrical coal specimens were conducted in a laboratory using the MTS815.02 rock-mechanics test system (MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN). Specimens were tested for as many as 1,500 loading cycles under each cyclic loading session. From these tests, the following conclusions can be drawn. The peak stress of cyclic loading has a significant effect on the coal specimen’s fatigue behavior. When the peak stress of cyclic loading is less than the coal fatigue strength, the coal specimen’s deformation stops increasing after a certain number of loading cycles, and the number of acoustic emission (AE) counts is low. When the peak stress of cyclic loading exceeds the coal fatigue strength, the axial, circumferential, and volumetric strains and the energy dissipation exhibit the same progression through three phases: a primary phase, a steady phase, and an acceleration phase. The region division of the three phases of the strain and energy dissipation evolution is coincident. The AE activity also exhibits three phases: an active, a quiet, and a very active phase. In the very active phases, numerous AE signals exist when the stress is at its peak, but no AE signals exist near the stress minima. Coal specimens that are subjected to conventional uniaxial compression tests and specimens that are deformed by cyclic loading tests fail in very different ways. The former specimens fail mainly because of a single inclined shear plane, whereas the latter specimens are reduced to a mound of small fragments.

Rationale Acute compartment syndrome is a highly aggressive condition, which needs rapid diagnosis and surgical emergency. Most cases are caused by trauma, fractures, surgeries, or vascular injury, while other causes are easily misdiagnosed. Patients concerns A 29-year-old female, with a medical history of an insect bite on the left calf but not recent trauma, was admitted to the hospital due to the swelling and pain around the bite area. Diagnoses Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg. Interventions After admission, she developed septic shock symptoms, given intravenous antibiotics treatments. However, the condition worsened with increasing pain, loss of sensation, tense swelling, and severe pain to any stretch of the tissues. Thus the patient received fasciotomy followed by repeat and thorough debridement. After the wounds healed completely, systematic rehabilitation was performed for three weeks. Outcomes After three months of follow-up, the patient is able to walk, and moves up and down the stairs, independently. Lessons Our case highlights the possibility of acute compartment syndrome caused by insect bites when the patient presents with the signs of the condition, and the importance of earlier rehabilitation interventions to improve the functional outcome post operation.

The split-protocol theory was developed for load balancing and quicker data communication. Split-protocol computing paradigm uses web services on geographically distributed web servers on the cloud. A system of large split-servers that form the cloud to handle computing and storage task that would otherwise create a massive CPU utilisation if we work with the traditional individual server. In an earlier paper, we established that the application split-protocol produces higher performance compared to traditional clusters. Based on the necessity, diverse types of split configurations are applied for higher throughput, better response and connection time. The experiential throughput enhancement was within the range 6.5%-25% over non-split systems. This paper examines empirical results split systems to understanding its behaviour compared with non-split systems. Split-protocol was implemented on private cloud for internal data servers of the organisation, not made available to the general public. The split concept emerged from the HTTP/TCP/IP network protocol implementation. The split-system model with given sets of constraints can produce better throughput than conventional equivalent server systems. In this paper, we have presented the analytical model to support a high performance of split-protocol implementation. We have also mathematically evaluated the inherent reliability characteristics of the split-system.

Empirical rules are among the most widely employed approaches for processing view abstraction for UML, which can support model simplification, consistency checking, and complexity reduction. However, empirical rules face challenges such as completeness validation, consistency among rules, and composition priority arrangement. The challenge of composition is enlarged in the environment of distributed model-driven development for web service-based systems, where redundant information/data is emphasised. The same redundant information can be expressed in different forms that comprise different topological structures representing the same part of the system. Such variation will result in choosing different compositions of rules executed in different orders, which will increase the severity of the current non-determinism from the empirical probability of some rules. We investigate the effect of redundancy on rule application through designing a simulated distributed storage for an example model. We construct finite-state automaton to unify empirical rules while relieving the side effects caused by redundancy.

The present study was to investigate chemical components of polysaccharides isolated from Golden needle (GNP) mushroom using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Then, anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharides was also evaluated. Results indicated that GNP was composed of the three monosaccharides (glucose, mannose and xylose) with a molar ratio of 3.5:0.8:1.4. GNP could significantly decreased CD4+ CD8+, ICAM-1, and MPO in serum and colon of normal and burned rats. It could be concluded that GNP possessed strong anti-inflammatory activity in burned rats.

Tensile and compressive deformation and damage behaviors of Al6XN super-austenitic stainless steels were examined at different strain rates. The deformation and fracture surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the uniaxial deformation (tensile or compressive) behaviors of Al6XN stainless steel shows a low strain rate sensitivity over the range of 10-4s-1 - 10-2s-1. The tensile and compressive yield strengths measured are nearly comparable. The steel shows a good tensile plasticity. Dislocation slip deformation is the main characteristic of uniaxial deformation. All fracture surfaces induced by tensile deformation at different strain rates can be divided into two parts, i.e., fibrous zone and shear lip zone. The fibrous zone consists of dimples with a bimodal size.

Maxwell 2D software is introduced in this paper to calculate the magnetic shielding effectiveness (MSE) properties of iron plate. The three-dimensional magnetic shield is thought isotropic and simplified as two-dimensional model to study its MSE properties by the finite element method. In this method, a uniform magnetic field is generated by two huge magnets and the MSE properties of iron plate, which is in the centre of the uniform magnetic field, is then calculated by the ratio of magnetic field intensity after and before magnetic shielding. All the results indicate that shape of shield materials affects the MSE properties much and the MSE properties of shield with square and circular shape with 3mm in depth are 39.3 and 53.5 dB, respectively. That means the shield shape with fewer bending is favorable to the conductivity of magnetic energy. It also shows that the MSE value decreased linearly with the distance between the magnetic shield and the centre of the magnetic field. That is, the increase of side length of magnetic shield will lead to the decrease of MSE properties of iron plate, which is agreement with the theoretical prediction of Lu H.M. model. Furthermore, the MSE properties of double layers shielding (iron plate with 2mm in depth and 3mm iron plate with 81% porosity) are also studied in this paper. The effect of places of iron plate with 2mm in depth is presented to play important role in double layers shielding and the MSE value increases with the distance between the two magnetic shields. Compared to that of shield with circular shape, the MSE properties are similar to each other when the distance of the two shields is 8mm. In addition, it also indicates that the MSE value is higher when the iron plate with 2mm in depth is inside of the other than that when it is outside.

In this study, we carried out the numerical simulation of gas flow across a helically coiled tube bundle, which is fitted in the annular space between a central spine and an outer casing. We focused on the effect of clearances at the inner and outer radial boundaries on the gas flow distribution and thermal mixing in the tube bundle. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy were numerically solved by computational fluid dynamics. It was demonstrated from the numerical simulation results that (i) the gas flow distribution in the tube bundle is very sensitive to clearances at the inner and outer radial boundaries, and even a very small variation of clearances would lead to a considerable change in the average velocity profile, which correspondingly leads to a great deviation of the gas flow distribution away from the original one; (ii) the clearance effect on thermal mixing is not as strong as that on gas flow distribution;(iii) the Reynolds number has little effect on the gas flow distributi...

The paper simulated and researched the straightening process of heavy rail by finite element software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The residual stress of the rail head, rail base, rail loin in the 7th deformation zone meets the real straightening condition in the straightening simulation. The calculation indicates: The residual stress of the rail head, rail base, rail loin in various deformation zones varies significantly like the variation of tensile-compression-tensile. Compared with the on-site rule, the residual stress of rail base decreased155 Mpa, this is in agreement with the values of practice.

Field emission (FE) from a single-layer ultra-thin semiconductor film cathode (SUSC) on a metal substrate has been investigated theoretically. The self-consistent quantum FE model is developed by synthetically considering the energy band bending and electron scattering. As a typical example, we calculate the FE properties of ultra-thin A1N film with an adjustable film thickness from 1 to 10 nm. The calculated results show that the FE characteristic is evidently modulated by varying the film thickness, and there is an optimum thickness of about 3 nm. Furthermore, a four-step FE mechanism is suggested such that the distinct FE current of a SUSC is rooted in the thickness sensitivity of its quantum structure, and the optimum FE properties of the SUSC should be attributed to the change in the effective potential combined with the attenuation of electron scattering.

Packet switches play one of the most critical roles in supporting quality of service (QoS) in computer communication networks. Although the output queued (OQ) switch architecture can achieve optimal QoS performance, it is not a practical architecture for high-speed switching due to the switching fabric speedup, which requires complex implementation. Combined input and crosspoint queued (CICQ) switches employ the crossbar-based switching fabric structure and apply buffers at both ingress port modules and crosspoints inside the switching fabric. This switch architecture is promising to achieve high performance without complex implementation. Current available approaches for QoS provision in CICQ switches are based on the output queueing match technique. Although such approaches can provide bandwidth and delay guarantees, they still require switching fabric speedup, which may significantly increase the implementation complexity of high-speed CICQ switches. In this paper, we compare the QoS performance that can be achieved in CICQ switches with the QoS performance guaranteed by OQ switches. Based on this comparison, we investigate the possibility of achieving equivalent QoS guarantees in a CICQ switch as in an OQ switch without output queueing match, thus with no switching fabric speedup. Our analysis shows that if sufficient crosspoint buffer space is allocated, a CICQ switch employing a typical scheduling algorithm, such as weighted fairing queueing (WFQ), can provide an identical bandwidth guarantee as the OQ switches without any switching fabric speedup, and can achieve equivalent delay performance as the OQ switch by slightly increasing bandwidth allocation.

A wide spectrum of emerging networking applications demand much stricter requirements on computer network quality of service (QoS). Packet switches play one of the most crucial roles in network QoS provision. The buffered crossbar switching architecture is promising to achieve high performance without a complex implementation and is expected to be one of the dominant switch structures for highspeed networks. In this paper we study the problem of resource allocation to aggregated traffic classes in buffered crossbar switches for QoS provision. We develop the model and techniques for determining the required amount of bandwidth and buffer space for aggregated traffic classes to provide delay performance guarantees and analyze the impact of traffic aggregation on resource utilization in buffered crossbar switches. We consider two traffic aggregation cases: aggregation of a set of flows with identical traffic profiles and aggregation of a set of flows with different traffic parameters. For both cases, we compare the amount of resources required by the aggregated traffic class and by the set of individual flows for achieving identical delay objectives. We find that traffic aggregation improves the utilization of both bandwidth and buffer space in buffered crossbar switches. Our analysis shows that the amount of resources saved by traffic aggregation is associated with multiple factors, including the delay objective, the arrival traffic parameters, and the number of flows aggregated into one class. The model and techniques we develop in this paper are general enough to be applied to buffered crossbar switches with a variety of scheduling algorithms.

To observe changes of [Ca2+]i concentration and CaM, CaMK II and p-CaMK II of Ca2+/CaMK II signaling pathways in skeletal muscle tissue of rats with spleen-qi deficiency and intervention of Sijunzi decoction and extract of Hedysarum polybotrys.Rats were randomized into four groups: normal control group, spleen-qi deficient model group, extract from Hedysarum polybotrys group and Sijunzi decoction group, ten rats in each group. After the spleen-qi deficient models were built by comprehensive application of rhubarb, exhaustive and hungry methods, and treatment groups were treated with extract from Hedysarum polybotrys at 6 g/(kg . d) or Sijunzi decoction at 20 g/(kg . d) for 21 d. Then, general existence,gastrointestinal hormones GAS and MOT levels, and activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle were evaluated. Also, confocal laser technology was used to test cellular[Ca2+]i concentrations in skeletal muscle and Western blotting technique was used to test CaM, CaMK II and p-CaMK 11 expression in intestinal tissue of spleen-qi deficient model rats.Compared with normal group, general condition was poor, levels of GAS and MOT decreased (P0. 01), activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, [Ca2+]i concentration as well as expression of CaM, CaMK II and p-CaMK II in skeletal muscle decreased significantly (P0. 01) in spleen-qi deficienct model rats. Compared with model group, general condition improved significantly, as well as level of MOT in intestinal increased (P0. 05) in the rats of extract from Hedysarum polybotrys group and Sijunzi decoction group,while level of GAS increased in intestinal(P0. 05) in the rats of Sijunzi decoction group; Moreover, activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase as well as [Ca2+]i concentration and expression of CaM and CaMK II in skeletal muscle tissue increased (P0. 05) in the rats of extract from Hedysarum polybotrys group and Sijunzi decoction group, while p-CaMK II in skeletal muscle tissue increased in the rats of Sijunzi decoction group (P0. 05).Sijunzi decoction and extract of Hedysarum polybotrys can be applied to treat spleen-qi deficiency syndrome through the mechanism of regulating GAS and MOT secretion and raising expression of Ca2+ /CaM signaling pathways key factors in skeletal muscle tissue. Sijunzi decoction has the better effect

Recent technology advances in wireless mobile communications, sensor networks, machine-to-machine communications, and Cloud computing enable a Cloud-centric Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm which may have a significant impact on development, deployment, and utilization of IoT applications. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is an emerging technology for improving cellular networks, which play a crucial role in realizing such a new IoT paradigm. Resource allocation is a key technical issue for achieving high-performance data transportation in cellular networks with D2D communications. Game theory has been applied as an effective tool for addressing the problem of resource allocation for D2D communications in cellular networks. Our previous work [1] proposed a resource allocation scheme for intercell D2D communication, which introduced location-awareness in D2D resource allocation. In this paper, we extend our previous work by particularly analyzing the situations where the game model for D2D resource allocation does not have a Nash Equilibrium within the resource constraints given by the studied system. We model the resource allocation for such situations as a cooperative game between the base stations of two cells where a pair of D2D users are located, and develop an algorithm for determining the bandwidth allocation at each station for maximizing the total utility of both stations. Such an algorithm, with integrated with the resource allocation protocol developed in [1], enables a context-aware D2D resource allocation in cellular networks that choose different strategies for different system situations.

Resource allocation plays a critical role in implementing D2D communications underlaying a cellular network. Game-based approaches are recently proposed to address the resource allocation issue. Most existing approaches employ deterministic game models while implicitly assuming that each player in the game is completely willing to exchange transmission parameters with other players. Thus each player knows the complete information of all others. However, this assumption may not be satisfied in practice. For example, users may be reluctant to disclose all their parameters to peers. In this paper, we fully consider this scenario, i.e., players have incomplete information of others, and investigate the resource allocation problem for multicell D2D communications where a D2D link utilizes common resources of multiple cells. To attack this problem, a game-theoretic approach under the incomplete information condition is proposed. Specifically, we characterize the Base Stations (BSs) as players competing for resource allocation quota from the D2D demand, formulate the utility of each player as payoff from both cellular and D2D communications leasing the resources, and design the strategy for each player that is determined based on prior probabilistic payoff information of other players. We conduct extensive simulations to examine the proposed approach and the results demonstrate that the utility, sum rate, and sum rate gain of each player under the incomplete information condition are surprisingly higher than the counterparts under the complete information condition.

This paper proposes a hybrid scheduling scheme to combine the priority queueing and Packet General Processor Sharing (PGPS) algorithm for Multimedia Cloud Services in Software Defined Network (SDN). The network calculus theory is employed to develop modeling and analysis techniques for evaluating the QoS performance of the proposed scheduling scheme. Both analytical and numerical results obtained in this paper show that the proposed scheme can provide QoS guarantee for meeting diverse requirements of multimedia applications.

Toward resolving the source-location privacy protection issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a Pseudo Normal Distribution-based Phantom Routing (PNDBPR) protocol is proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol is composed of two critical phases: 1) adjusting the value of minimum-hops between a phantom node and its source, and varying the area of the phantom node distribution region at the network deployment stage; 2) generating a set of Gaussian-distributed random real numbers using the Pseudo Random Generator when the source node is transmitting data packets, and calculating the corresponding random walk hops. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that PNDBPR can dramatically improve the diversity and the dynamicity of the phantom nodes distribution at the expense of a slight increase in communication overheads when compared with the existing PUSBRF (Source Location Privacy Preservation Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network Using Source Based Restricted Flooding) and HBDRW(A hop-based directed random walk) protocols.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging networking paradigm that is expected to play a significant role in future networks. Although exciting progress has been made in research and development of SDN technologies, application of this new networking paradigm in large scale networks with heterogeneous autonomous domains, such as the Internet, is still a challenging issue that calls for a new service delivery platform offering a high-level abstraction for network programmability and inter-domain collaboration. In this paper, we first present a service delivery platform that employs the Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) notion for end-to-end service provisioning in SDN. Then we propose a novel modeling and analysis method for evaluating performance of the service delivery platform. The proposed analysis method addresses the challenges brought in by network abstraction and domain diversity in the service delivery platform by applying network calculus techniques. Both analytical and numerical results obtained in this paper indicate that our modeling and analysis well reflect the advantage of centralized network control enabled by SDN for end-to-end service provisioning; thus achieving tighter performance bound compared to traditional methods for network performance analysis.

Supporting diverse Quality of Service (QoS) performance for heterogeneous data flows generated by multimedia applications has been a challenging issue that is not fully addressed in the Internet. Software Defined Network, which decouples data forwarding and network control, offers a promising approach to QoS guarantee of multimedia flows in the future Internet. However, the currently available QoS mechanisms proposed for SDN have not fully considered the diversity in performance requirements of multimedia data flows. In order to tackle this challenge, we propose a hybrid scheduling scheme in this paper to combine priority queueing with Packet General Processor Sharing (PGPS) algorithm to provide QoS guarantee for multimedia applications in SDN. We apply network calculus to develop modeling and analysis techniques to evaluate the QoS performance of the proposed scheduling scheme. Both analytical and numerical results obtained in this paper show that the proposed scheme can provide QoS guarantee for meeting diverse requirements of multimedia applications.