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10,505 results on '"R, Huang"'

204. P250 Clinical validation of a point of care test for fecal calprotectin in distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome from Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author

K Bray, B Bahur, M Yadav, M Skinner, M Wong, K Chon, R Huang, V Day, L Mimms, and M Hale

Subjects
Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract

Background Calprotectin is a small calcium-binding protein that when measured in human stool has shown utility in assessing the degree of bowel inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in distinguishing IBD from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, most fecal calprotectin (FCP) assays are slow and inconvenient. This study examined the analytical agreement and clinical utility of a point of care (POC) assay for FCP. Methods A fast (~5 min.), time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer based immunoassay (Procise FCP™) was developed for the POC measurement of FCP using 15 mg of fecal specimen eluted in collection fluid from the Procise Stool Collection Device™. The analytical agreement between the Procise FCP assay and a commercial ELISA assay: Inova Quanta Lite Calprotectin Extended Range was assessed using 46 leftover deidentified fecal specimens. Clinical performance of the assay was assessed using stored frozen stool specimens from a nested cohort derived from a prospective study of chronic diarrhea patients. Chronic diarrhea was defined as unexplained diarrhea of at least 4 weeks duration. Study subjects were males and females of ages 2 – 70 with no chronic liver disease and were consecutively enrolled. Diagnoses were made by attending physicians, and IBD patients did not necessarily have active disease beyond diarrhea at the time of specimen collection. Primary endpoint: Proportion of patients diagnosed with either IBS or IBD testing positive for FCP. Statistical analysis Method comparison analysis was performed by Deming linear regression. A post hoc analysis of patients from the diarrhea study diagnosed with either IBS or IBD was performed. The significance of the proportion of patients diagnosed with either IBS or IBD testing positive for FCP was calculated using Fisher’s Exact Probability Test. The assay was assessed at cut-offs of 50 µg/g and 120 µg/g. Results Figure 1. Table 1. Table 2. Conclusion The Procise FCP assay shows excellent analytical agreement to another commercial FCP assay and can clinically significantly distinguish between IBD and IBS in chronic diarrhea patients. Thus, the assay can aid in the differentiation of IBD from IBS. Distinguishing IBS from IBD with a convenient POC format test enhances the clinical utility of FCP by enabling faster treatment response

Published
2022
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206. Experimental Investigation on the Arc Characteristics and Arc Quenching Capabilities of C5F10O-CO2 Mixtures

Author

S. Jia, Z. Guo, Boya Zhang, F. Tang, R. Huang, X. Li, and Q. Lv

Subjects
Arc (geometry), Electric arc, Quenching, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Inverse, Emission spectrum, Mechanics, Current (fluid), Condensed Matter Physics, Stability (probability), Circuit breaker
Abstract

C5F10O-CO2 mixtures are possible alternatives to SF6 - which has a high global warming potential - as the interruption medium in gas circuit breakers. This paper experimentally studies the arcing characteristics of C5F10O-CO2 mixture, with an experimental model with viewing windows, and measures the arc voltage, current and emission spectrum. The arc evolution process is captured with a high speed camera through an inspection window. The two-dimensional distribution of arc is obtained and analyzed by the inverse transformation of Abel. The results show that, the C5F10O-CO2 mixture arc is more volatile than SF6 gas, and adding C5F10O into CO2 improves the stability of the arc, and significantly reduces the arc temperature.

Published
2019
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207. Effects of dietary protein levels on the growth, body composition, serum biochemistry and digestive enzyme activity in Chinese rice field eel ( Monopterus albus ) fingerlings

Author

Zhong Li, Huamei Yue, Rui Ruan, X. R. Huang, Chuangju Li, and Huan Ye

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Protease, biology, medicine.medical_treatment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Aquatic Science, Carbohydrate, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Pepsin, Digestive enzyme, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Alkaline phosphatase, Composition (visual arts), Amylase, 030304 developmental biology, Monopterus
Abstract

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the influence of dietary protein levels on growth performance, body composition, haematological parameters and digestive enzyme activity of Chinese rice field eel (Monopterus albus) fingerlings. Six isolipidic experimental diets (27.89%, 32.23%, 35.95%, 40.06%, 43.31% and 46.53%) were formulated to randomly assign to triplicate groups of 50 rice field eel fingerlings (5.0 ± 0.5 g) cultured in plastic cages. Results indicated that the best growth performance of fish with the highest WG (158.68 ± 31.59%) and SGR (2.28 ± 0.21%) was obtained at 40.06% group. Significant alterations were demonstrated on whole‐body crude protein, crude lipid and amino acid profile by different dietary protein levels. Besides, haematological parameters including triacylglycerol, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase decreased with various levels by the increasing of dietary protein levels. The lowest pepsin activity was observed in 27.89% protein group, which suggested lower availability of protein as substrate for protease activity. Meanwhile, the highest amylase activity in fish of 27.89% group indicated higher carbohydrate level in this group. Based on the polynomial regression analysis of WG and SGR, the dietary protein requirement for fingerlings of Monopterus albus was estimated to be 386.4–390.8 g/kg, respectively, with the lipid level of 10.08%.

Published
2019
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208. C-Sr-Pb isotopic characteristics of PM2.5 transported on the East-Asian continental outflows

Author

Chuan-Chou Shen, Yu-Chi Lin, Chao Yang Tsai, Chien Cheng Jung, Chuan-Yao Lin, Charles C.-K. Chou, W.-R. Huang, Shu Hui Huang, Pei Hsuan Yao, Yi Tang Huang, Ci Rong Huang, Mei June Chen, and Shuen Chin Chang

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Strontium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ13C, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Seasonality, Particulates, Monsoon, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry, medicine, Environmental science, Mass concentration (chemistry), Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

This study investigated isotopic signatures of carbon (C), lead (Pb) and strontium (Sr) in PM2.5 samples collected from two paired sites (urban vs. rural/background) in northern Taiwan during the summer of 2015 and the spring of 2016, respectively. Significant seasonality was revealed in the isotopic signatures of C and Pb, whereas no seasonal difference was observed in 87Sr/86Sr ratio. The values of δ13C, 206Pb/207Pb, and 208Pb/207Pb were more diverse and exhibited local features in summer. However, during the episodes of continental pollution outbreaks in springtime, the δ13C and Pb isotope ratios of PM2.5 shifted and converged consistently toward the documented characteristics of particulate matters in northern China. Moreover, the results showed that the differences in the Pb and Sr isotopic characteristics between the paired urban and rural sites were statistically insignificant, whereas marginally lower δ13C values were observed at the urban site. It was inferred accordingly that a substantial amount of gaseous hydrocarbons emitted in local urban areas could have been converted to secondary organic aerosols with lower δ13C. On the contrary, the consistency in the spatial and temporal variations of mass concentration and isotope ratios of Pb at the two sites suggested that East-Asian continental pollution outbreak was the major source of Pb-containing particles in the northern Taiwan during springtime. It is noteworthy that there was neither seasonal nor spatial differences in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio observed in this study, which suggested that the Sr-containing particles collected in this study could be originating from a common mixture of sources, including not only natural dust but also the anthropogenic emissions, coal-combustion for instance. This investigation upon the C-Pb-Sr isotopic features evidenced the substantial impacts of the continental pollution outbreaks on the aerosol composition and air quality in the downwind areas of the East-Asian winter monsoons.

Published
2019
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209. Novel method for identifying and diagnosing electric vehicle shock absorber squeak noise based on a DNN

Author

Ming L. Yang, Hai B. Huang, Wei P. Ding, Xiao R. Huang, and J.H. Wu

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Artificial neural network, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Acoustics, Feature extraction, Squeak, Aerospace Engineering, Confusion matrix, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Suspension (motorcycle), Computer Science Applications, Support vector machine, Shock absorber, Noise, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control and Systems Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Signal Processing, 010301 acoustics, computer, Civil and Structural Engineering, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Suspension shock absorber squeak noise is becoming increasingly apparent within the overall noise level of all-electric vehicles (EVs) due to the extensive reduction in power system noise. Although the early identification of shock absorber squeak noise via bench tests can save costs and time, such identification remains a challenge for the industry. In this paper, a novel method for identifying and predicting EV shock absorber squeak noise is proposed. In contrast to other studies on shock absorber noise that focus on highly complex designs and feature extraction, this study uses the original time signals and frequency spectra to predict the shock absorber squeak noise based on deep neural networks (DNNs). To implement this method, an EV road test is conducted on five different pavements, and the grade evaluation method (GEM) is applied in a subjective evaluation of the annoyance of the shock absorber squeak noise. The vibration signals of the shock absorber piston rod are collected and preprocessed via a bench test. Then, a DNN is developed to automatically extract the shock absorber squeak noise feature and intelligently identify the subjective annoyance (SA) grade of the squeak noise. This novel identification method effectively solves the problem in which the annoyance level cannot be evaluated via the GEM by relying on the rich auditory experience of the evaluation subject. In the validation analysis, the DNN outperforms two other intelligent methods, the genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN) and the genetic algorithm-support vector machine (GA-SVM), based on a confusion matrix and an error analysis.

Published
2019
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210. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes renal injury induced by ischemic reperfusion

Author

Jun Lv, Zhi H. Zheng, Zi J Zhou, Hui Yang, Qiu Y. Huang, Xiao H. Wang, Andreas Meinhardt, Jörg Klug, Hui-Yao Lan, Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Gunter Fingerle-Rowson, Ying Tang, Jin H Li, Xiao R. Huang, Zhi J. He, and An P. Xu

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, CD74, medicine.medical_treatment, Kidney, urologic and male genital diseases, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Chemokine CCL2, Mice, Knockout, NF-kappa B, Acute kidney injury, Acute Kidney Injury, Middle Aged, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Creatinine, Reperfusion Injury, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease Progression, Molecular Medicine, Original Article, Female, renal inflammation, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Urinary system, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors, CXCL15, Aged, urogenital system, business.industry, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Original Articles, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, cytokines, Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, business
Abstract

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is pleiotropic cytokine that has multiple effects in many inflammatory and immune diseases. This study reveals a potential role of MIF in acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) mouse model in MIF wild‐type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) mice. Clinically, plasma and urinary MIF levels were largely elevated at the onset of AKI, declined to normal levels when AKI was resolved and correlated tightly with serum creatinine independent of disease causes. Experimentally, MIF levels in plasma and urine were rapidly elevated after IRI‐AKI and associated with the elevation of serum creatinine and the severity of tubular necrosis, which were suppressed in MIF KO mice. It was possible that MIF may mediate AKI via CD74/TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling as mice lacking MIF were protected from AKI by largely suppressing CD74/TLR‐4‐NF‐κB associated renal inflammation, including the expression of MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, iNOS, CXCL15(IL‐8 in human) and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophil, and T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that MIF may be pathogenic in AKI and levels of plasma and urinary MIF may correlate with the progression and regression of AKI.

Published
2019
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211. The development of a deep neural network and its application to evaluating the interior sound quality of pure electric vehicles

Author

J.H. Wu, Xiao R. Huang, Ming L. Yang, Hai B. Huang, and Wei P. Ding

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, business.product_category, Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Acoustic theory, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0103 physical sciences, Electric vehicle, Psychoacoustics, Sound quality, 010301 acoustics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Acoustic model, Bayesian network, Pattern recognition, Computer Science Applications, Noise, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

Interior noise substantially influences the physiological and psychological sensations of passengers in pure electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous studies have examined the development of acoustic prediction models and acoustic metrics to evaluate EV interior sound quality. However, the existing studies have the following four deficiencies: (1) the interior noise of EVs was studied only on general roads, and few EV samples were tested; (2) the physical acoustical metrics and psychoacoustic metrics did not comprehensively reflect all the characteristics of the interior noise of EVs; (3) features added to the acoustic prediction models were manually extracted and selected and were highly dependent on prior knowledge of acoustic theory and experience; and (4) the most common acoustic prediction models used to evaluate interior noise have shallow architectures. To overcome these deficiencies, we introduce a novel intelligent acoustic model based on deep neural networks (DNNs) called the Laplacian score-deep belief network (LS-DBN). We used the LS-DBN to evaluate the sound quality of EV interior noise. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the interior noises of ten EVs were recorded on eight different road surfaces and corresponding subjective evaluations were conducted. In addition, noise features were extracted adaptively using the LS-DBN, and adaptively extracted features and manually extracted features were compared. The performance of the LS-DBN was validated against a conventional DBN and a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The results show that the proposed LS-DBN model is superior to the conventional DBN and BPNN in terms of accuracy and stability, and it is highly efficient. Thus, the LS-DBN can achieve good prediction results when evaluating the interior sound quality of EVs.

Published
2019
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212. Probing arginine-phosphopeptide interactions in non-covalent peptide-peptide ion complexes using gas-phase cross-linking and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations

Author

František Tureček, Huong T. H. Nguyen, Yang Liu, Yue Liu, Joseph A. Korn, and Shu R. Huang

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Phosphopeptide, 010401 analytical chemistry, Born–Oppenheimer approximation, Peptide, 010402 general chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Molecular dynamics, Crystallography, Residue (chemistry), chemistry, Diazirine, symbols, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We report a study of non-covalent complexes of phosphopeptides pXAAAA and N-Ac-pXAAAA (X = Ser, Thr, Tyr) with arginine-containing peptides carrying diazirine 4,4-azipentyl tags at the N-terminus, *LGG(A)nR, or in the photoleucine residue, L*GG(A)nR (n = 3–5). Complexes with *LGG(A)nR were successfully generated as singly charged ions in the gas phase in 0.6–3.5% yields. In contrast, complexes with L*GG(A)nR were formed in negligible ( H bonds (X C, N, O) in the phosphopeptide. BOMD in combination with structural analysis by density functional theory calculations were used to interpret the experimental data and explain the cross-linking efficiencies.

Published
2019
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213. Recovery of the valuable metals from complex converter slag at elevated temperature with sulfuric acid solution

Author

Yu Zhang, F.-R. Huang, Ya-long Liao, and Gongchu Shi

Subjects
lcsh:TN1-997, inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Metals and Alloys, Slag, Sulfuric acid, equipment and supplies, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, complex mixtures, pressure oxidative leaching, response surface methodology, chemistry.chemical_compound, nickel converter slag, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, filtration property, Materials Chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Abstract

The aim of this paper was exploring the effective utilization of nickel converter slag by means of the methodology of pressure oxidative leaching. The central composite design of response surface methodology was employed to optimize controlling conditions for the leaching of more valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and copper, while dissolution of iron was curbed. XRD, SEM-EDS were performed for characterizing the structure of leach residues for analyzing the mechanism of selective leaching. Experimental results demonstrate that the effects of temperature and sulfuric acid concentration on the metals extraction and filtration rate are significant, followed by liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. The optimized conditions for the leaching of converter slag are: temperature 208 ?C, sulfuric acid concentration 0.35 mol/L, and L/S ratio 5.4 mL/g. Under these conditions, 99.60% Co, 99.20% Ni, and 96.80% Cu were extracted into solution together with only 0.21% Fe, and the filtration rate of leach slurry reached 576.86 L?m?2?h?1. The mechanism for achieving selective leaching of nickel, cobalt, and copper against iron dissolution and good filtration performance of the leach slurry was enabled by iron that dissolved in the solution, decomposed, and hydrolyzed mainly to form hematite (?-Fe2O3 and ?-Fe2O3), and letting silicic acid form precipitated SiO2 in the leach residue.

Published
2019
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214. Non-covalent complexes of the peptide fragment Gly-Asn-Asn-Gln-Gln-Asn-Tyr in the gas-phase. Photodissociative cross-linking, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, and ab initio computational binding study

Author

František Tureček, Yang Liu, and Shu R. Huang

Subjects
Amyloid, Stereochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Target peptide, Peptide, 02 engineering and technology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, 010402 general chemistry, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Protein Structure, Secondary, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amide, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Protein secondary structure, Conformational isomerism, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Photochemical Processes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amides, Peptide Fragments, 0104 chemical sciences, Kinetics, Cross-Linking Reagents, Covalent bond, Diazirine, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Non-covalent complexes of the short amyloid peptide motif Gly-Asn-Asn-Gln-Gln-Asn-Tyr (GNNQQNY) with peptide counterparts that were tagged with a diazirine ring at the N-termini (*GNNQQNY) were generated as singly charged ions in the gas phase. Specific laser photodissociation (UVPD) of the diazirine tag in the gas-phase complexes at 355 nm generated transient carbene intermediates that underwent covalent cross-linking with the target GNNQQNY peptide. The crosslinking yields ranged between 0.8 and 4.5%, depending on the combinations of peptide C-terminal amides and carboxylates. The covalent complexes were analyzed by collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS3), providing distributions of cross-links at the target peptide amino acid residues. A general preference for cross-linking at the target peptide Gln-4-Gln-5-Asn-6-Tyr-7 segment was observed. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations were used to obtain 100 ps trajectories for nine lowest free-energy conformers identified by ωB97X-D/6-31+G(d,p) gradient geometry optimizations. The trajectories were analyzed for close contacts between the incipient carbene atom and the X-H bonds in the target peptide. The close-contact analysis pointed to the Gln-5 and Tyr-7 residues as the most likely sites of cross-linking, consistent with the experimental CID-MS3 results. Non-covalent binding in the amide complexes was evaluated by DFT calculations of structures and energies. Although antiparallel arrangements of the GNNQQNY and *GNNQQNY peptides were favored in low-energy gas-phase and solvated complexes, the conformations and peptide-peptide interface surfaces were found to differ from the secondary structure of the dry interface in GNNQQNY motifs of amyloid aggregates.

Published
2019
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215. Optical Monitoring and Variability Analyses of the FSRQ 3C 454.3

Author

Y. H. Yuan, G. G. Wang, H. B. Xiao, J. H. Fan, H. R. Huang, G. Z. Ding, G. Z. Wen, and F. J. Wu

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

Based on the database monitored by the 1.26 m National Astronomical Observatory–Guangzhou University Infrared/Optical Telescope, we studied the optical variabilities of FSRQ 3C454.3. The monitoring period was from 2016 October 17 to 2018 December 14, and there were 6701 observations covering the g, r, and i bands (2196 at the g band, 2214 at the r band, and 2291 at the i band). (1) The maximum variabilities were Δm g = 2.806 ± 0.124 mag at the g band; Δm r = 2.365 ± 0.160 mag at the r band; and Δm i = 3.126 ± 0.070 mag at the i band. (2) Among the gri intraday lightcurves, there are 172 portions of the data sets showing intraday variability (IDV). The distributions of IDV timescales (ΔT) can be profiled by a three-order Gaussian function, with the center values ΔT 1 = 17.18 minutes, ΔT 2 = 34.91 minutes, and ΔT 3 = 68.92 minutes. These results imply that the origin of IDVs is very complicated. (3) Based on the IDV timescales, we obtained the emission size R ≤ 7.17 × 1015 cm, fixed the broad-line region and modeled the spectral energy distributions. (4) We used the Jurkevich method, red-noise fitting, and the weighted wavelet Z-transform to analyze the long-term variabilities and obtained indications of a possible period of P = 2.92 ± 0.85 yr, and used the binary black hole system to explain this period. Based on the long-term period, we can estimate the time until merger of the binary black hole, t merge = 6.69 × 103 yr, and the luminosity of gravitational waves, L G = 1.56 × 1048 erg s−1.

Published
2022
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217. Prediction of Fan-Out Level Packaging Warpage using PSO-based Modified Convolutional Neural Network model with Laplacian Filter

Author

Kuo-Ning Chiang, M. Y. Chen, and G. R. Huang

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Computer science, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Fan-out, Particle swarm optimization, Solid modeling, Molding (process), Epoxy, Convolutional neural network, Algorithm, Finite element method
Abstract

The Fan-out Panel Level Packaging model after the molding process is established. We simplify the complex curing reaction of epoxy molding compound with equivalent thermal expansion coefficient method. We successfully use finite element method to build different geometric Fan-out Panel Level Packaging model as training dataset for machine learning. In the end, we used the modified Convolution Neural Network to estimate the amount of fan-out panel-level package warpage under different geometries. To avoid local minimum, Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO, is introduced for neural network parameter.

Published
2021
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219. [Progress in filters for denoising cryo-electron microscopy images]

Author

X R, Huang, S, Li, and S, Gao

Subjects
Cryoelectron Microscopy, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Normal Distribution, 综述, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Algorithms
Abstract

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging has the unique potential to bridge the gap between cellular and molecular biology. Therefore, cryo-EM three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction has been rapidly developed in recent several years and applied widely in life science research to reveal the structures of large macromolecular assemblies and cellular complexes, which is critical to understanding their functions at all scales. Although the technical breakthrough in recent years, for example, the introduction of the direct detection device (DDD) camera and the development of cryo-EM software tools, made the three cryo-EM pioneers share the 2017 Nobel Prize, several bottleneck problems still exist that hamper the further increase of the resolution of single-particle reconstruction and hold back the application of in situ subnanometer structure determination by cryo-tomography. Radiation damage is still the key limiting factor in cryo-EM. In order to minimize the radiation damage and preserve as much resolution as possible, the imaging conditions of a low dose and weak contrast make cryo-EM images extremely noisy with very low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), generally about 0.1. The high noise will obscure the fine details in cryo-EM images or reconstructed maps. Thus, a method to reduce the level of noise and improve the resolution has become an important issue. In this paper, we systematically reviewed and compared some robust filters in the cryo-EM field of two aspects, single-particle analysis (SPA) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), and especially studied their applications, such as, 3D reconstruction, visualization, structural analysis, and interpretation. Conventional approaches to noise reduction in cryo-EM imaging include the use of Gaussian, median, and bilateral filters, among other means. A Gaussian filter selects an appropriate filter kernel to conduct spatial convolution with a noisy image. Although noise with larger standard deviations in cryo-EM images can be suppressed and satisfactory performance is achieved in certain cases, this filter also blurs the images and over-smooths small-scale image features. This is especially detrimental when precise quantitative information needs to be extracted. Unlike a Gaussian filter, a median filter is based on the order statistics of the image and selects the median intensity in a window of the adjacent pixels to denoise the image. Although this filter is robust to outliers, it suffers from aliasing problems that possibly result in incorrect information for cryo-EM structure interpretation. A bilateral filter is a nonlinear filter that performs spatial weighted averaging and is more selective in the pixels allowing to contribute to the weighted sum, excluding the high frequency noise from the smoothing process. Thus, this filter can be used to smooth out noise while maintaining the edge details, which is similar to an anisotropic diffusion filter, and distinct from a Gaussian filter but its utility will be limited when the SNR of a cryo-EM image is very low. Generally, spatial filtering methods have the disadvantage of losing image resolution when reducing noise. A wavelet transform can exploit the wavelet's natural ability to separate a signal from noise at multiple image scales to allow for joint resolution in both the spatial and frequency domains, and thus has the potential to outperform existing methods. The modified wavelet shrinkage filter we developed can offer a remarkable improvement in image quality with a good compromise between detail preservation and noise smoothing. We expect that our review study on different filters can provide benefits to cryo-EM applications and the interpretation of biological structures.

Published
2021

220. [Research progress of high-dose isoniazid in tuberculosis]

Author

T L, Teng, H R, Huang, and N H, Chu

Subjects
Antitubercular Agents, Isoniazid, Humans, Tuberculosis
Abstract

目前结核病仍然严重危害人类健康，全球结核病的疫情不容乐观。异烟肼具有强大的杀菌活性，一直作为抗结核治疗的一线药物。但随着其耐药性的出现，结核病的防治难度大大增加。世界卫生组织和中国防痨协会推荐高剂量异烟肼可应用于耐药结核病的治疗。本文将高剂量异烟肼在结核病中的研究进展综述如下。.

Published
2021

224. Predictive Value of Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated With Anti–PD-1 Therapy

Author

R. Huang and J. Yue

Subjects
Hepatitis B virus, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiation, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Liver disease, Oncology, Internal medicine, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Liver function, Stage (cooking), Liver cancer, business, Survival analysis
Abstract

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) have been identified as predictive biomarkers for several malignancies. We aim to investigate the impact of SII and ALC on outcomes in patients with HCC (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) treated with two cycles of anti-PD-1 therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS Totally 110 HCC patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy were enrolled in our study. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively collected and reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to calculate and compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between ALC < 0.785 Vs. ≥ 0.785 and SII < 968.2 Vs. ≥ 968.2. All potential risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. RESULTS There are 98 (89.1%) patients had Child-Pugh class A liver function. The most choric liver disease was hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 106 (96.4%) patients. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage was C in 92 (83.6%) patients and B in 18 (16.4%). The mean PFS and OS are 5.5 month and 6.5 month respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that elevated SII correlated decreased PFS (P < 0.0001) and low ALC correlated with decreased PFS (P = 0.0011). And elevated SII correlated with decreased OS (P < 0.001) and low ALC correlated with decreased OS (P = 0.0056). Multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ALC, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), liver-directed therapy, China liver cancer staging (CNLC) and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score correlated with PFS (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.003, P = 0.014, P = 0.017, respectively). And ALC, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), liver-directed therapy and China liver cancer staging (CNLC) correlated with OS (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, P = 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSION The ALC and SII may predict PFS and OS in HCC patients who receive the anti-PD-1 therapy. ALC and SII may be useful biomarkers for patient's risk stratification and individualized therapeutic decision-making.

Published
2021
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225. FP04.02 RATIONALE-307: Updated Biomarker Analysis of Phase 3 Study of Tislelizumab Plus Chemo vs Chemo Alone For 1L Advanced Sq-NSCLC

Author

Z. Shen, S.J. Leaw, F. Bai, Y. Sun, L. Liang, R. Huang, Chengping Hu, Y. Huo, X. Wu, X. Ma, Mingwei Chen, Shunyuan Lu, Kunyu Yang, Y. Zhang, Jiping Zhao, Z. Wang, and J. Wang

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Phases of clinical research, Biomarker Analysis, business
Published
2021
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226. Probing d- and l-Adrenaline Binding to β

Author

Yang, Liu, Yue, Liu, Marianna, Nytka, Shu R, Huang, Karel, Lemr, and František, Tureček

Subjects
Epinephrine, Molecular Structure, Photochemistry, Amino Acid Motifs, Temperature, Stereoisomerism, Peptide Fragments, Cross-Linking Reagents, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Humans, Gases, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2, Methane, Density Functional Theory, Protein Binding
Abstract

Diazirine-tagged d- and l-adrenaline derivatives formed abundant noncovalent gas-phase ion complexes with peptides

Published
2021

227. A clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome with glaucoma

Author

F-R, Huang, A-M, Zhang, J, Xu, and L, Huang

Subjects
Male, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome, Mutation, Humans, Infant, Glaucoma, Genetic Testing
Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features of a Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) case with neonatal glaucoma. We also wanted to explore the manifestation of the disease in combination with genotype-phenotype correlation. For DNA extraction we used 2 ml peripheral blood, collected from the child and parents. The extracted genomic DNA was used for clinical exome sequencing. A 38-day old baby boy was diagnosed with congenital glaucoma on the third day after birth with symptoms, including choking milk, feeding difficulties and slow weight gain. He was admitted to the neonatology department because of lung infection. The clinical exome sequencing showed that the child has a c.2368CT heterozygous mutation in exome 13 in CREBBP (cAMP responsive element binding protein) while his parents have no such mutation. Combining genetic data with the clinical features, this infant was diagnosed with RSTS. This is the first report of RSTS caused by a c. 2368CT mutation in CREBBP. RSTS is an extremely rare disease with extensive clinical manifestations. It is highly overlapped with other syndromes which makes the diagnosis difficult. RSTS is easy to be missed or misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations during the neonatal period. Neonatal specialists need to enhance their awareness and recognition of this condition, and use genetic testing as an effective tool in order to finalize their diagnosis.

Published
2021

228. [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy]

Author

Y L, Liu, B, Wang, and R, Huang

Subjects
Pregnancy Complications, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Obesity
Abstract

妊娠期妇女阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停发病率较高，且会导致多种母婴并发症，故早期筛查诊断并给予积极的干预治疗对妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停至关重要。本文针对妊娠期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停近年来的诊疗进展综述如下。.

Published
2021

229. [Successful treatment of atrial tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy by ivabradine]

Author

X Y, Xu, Y, Guo, T L, Liu, M R, Huang, and F, Li

Subjects
Treatment Outcome, Heart Rate, Tachycardia, Supraventricular, Humans, Ivabradine, Cardiomyopathies
Abstract

1例11岁女童因“面色苍白伴乏力1个月余，加重伴呕吐2 d，晕厥1次”于2020年3月入上海儿童医学中心，心电图示房性心动过速，心脏B超示全心增大，左心室射血分数28%，右心房内血栓形成。传统抗心律失常即胺碘酮、地高辛、美托洛尔联合治疗及射频消融均失败后，给予伊伐布雷定治疗后成功转复窦性心律并逆转心室功能。.

Published
2021

232. Reducing mental health disparities by increasing the personal relevance of interventions

Author

Arthur M. Nezu, Ellen R. Huang, Wei-Chin Hwang, Elliot T. Berkman, Frederick T. L. Leong, Christine Maguth Nezu, Joyce Chu, Nolan Zane, Gordon C. Nagayama Hall, and Janie J Hong

Subjects
Mental Health Services, Evidence-based practice, Social Psychology, Psychological intervention, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, PsycINFO, Article, Social neuroscience, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Relevance (law), Integrative psychotherapy, Humans, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cultural Competency, Healthcare Disparities, General Psychology, Cultural Characteristics, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Asian, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Mental health, Health equity, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Good Health and Well Being, Cognitive Sciences, Clinical psychology
Abstract

One of the most persistent health disparities is the underutilization of mental health services by people of color. Neither evidence-based treatments (universal focus) nor culturally adapted treatments (group focus) have reduced these disparities. We propose the personal relevance of psychotherapy (PROP) model, which integrates universal, group, and individual dimensions to determine the personal relevance of interventions. A cultural example of personal relevance among people of East Asian ancestry involves "face" (i.e., one's prestige and position in society), which may moderate treatment outcomes. Pragmatic intervention approaches focused on helping individuals cope with specific external problems, compared to managing a "personal" disease, can effectively "restore" face. Thus, social problem-solving interventions may be more personally relevant to many people of East Asian ancestry than are approaches that are internally focused. In addition, we posit that social neuroscience can offer unique opportunities above and beyond self-report measures when assessing the impact of PROP and the personal relevance of interventions for diverse populations. Our preliminary evidence upon testing this hypothesis indicated that among Asian Americans, exposure to problem-solving therapy content elicited significantly greater neural activity in brain areas associated with personal relevance compared to exposure to cognitive-behavioral therapy content. Identifying personally relevant interventions has the potential to reduce mental health disparities by increasing engagement with mental health services for diverse groups. The increased client engagement produced by personally relevant interventions also has the potential to make mental health services more effective for diverse groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021

234. Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) near detector conceptual design report

Author

Abud, A.A. Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alrashed, M. Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I. Bagby, L. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Belchior, E. Battat, J.B.R. Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Rodríguez, A.B. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Cagnoli, I. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castaño Forero, J.F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Church, E. Cicero, V. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. De Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Muth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G.W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Souza, G. Dharmapalan, R. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolan, S. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Eurin, G. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Carneiro Da Silva, M.F. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, D.V. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K.W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, S. Jain, V. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y.S. Jesús-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S.B. Judah, M. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, I. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kolupaeva, L. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kunze, P. Kurita, N. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Land, B. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. Lebrun, P. Lecompte, T. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui De Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Li, L. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. Losecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Lu, X.-G. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. Macfarlane, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R.C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Manyam, V.N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C.M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Méndez, D.P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Mikola, V. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montagna, E. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A.F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Niccolo, M. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Nicoletta, M. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J.P. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J.L. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. Queiroga Bazetto, M.C. Raaf, J.L. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotonandrasana, A. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M.A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Raut, S. Razakamiandra, R.F. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Rejeb Sfar, H. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, P. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F.C. Russell, B. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahay, R. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simon, F. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E.L. Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C.J. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J.G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Todd, J. Tonazzo, A. Torbunov, D. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Valerio, P. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van De Water, R.G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. Vieira De Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeit, G. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2021

235. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. 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Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

236. Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. and Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. and Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. and Barr, G. Monarca, J. Barranco Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. and Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. and Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. and Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. and Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco and Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. and Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. and Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. and Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. and Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. and Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. and Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. and Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro and Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. and Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A. Cervera Chalifour, M. Chang, C. and Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. and Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. and Childress, S. 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Mazzacane, A. and Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. and McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. and Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M. D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. and Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. and Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C. S. and Mishra, S. R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. and Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L. Molina Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Zetina, L. M. Montano Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. and Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. and Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. and Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. and Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolas, D. and Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. and Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J. A. and Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. Onel, Y. and Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. and Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Park, J. C. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S. J. M. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. and Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. and Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. and Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. and Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. and Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. and Raaf, J. L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. and Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotondramanana, H. T. Rakotondravohitra, L. and Ramachers, Y. A. Rameika, R. Delgado, M. A. Ramirez and Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. and Razafinime, H. Real, J. S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. and Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. and Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. and Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez Roeth, A. J. Rogers, H. and Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. and Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. and Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. and Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M. C. Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. and Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. and Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. and Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F. W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. and Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. and Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Salinas, C. J. Solano and Soldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. and Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. C. and Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. and Stocks, D. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. and Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. and Suter, L. Sutera, C. M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. and Szelc, A. M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H. A. Oregui, B. Tapia and Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. M. and Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. and Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. Thorn, C. Timm, S. C. Todd, J. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. and Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. -T. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Tsang, K. V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, M. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. and Vagins, M. R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. A. Valencia, E. and Vallari, Z. Valle, J. W. F. Vallecorsa, S. Berg, R. Van and Van de Water, R. G. Forero, D. Vanegas Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. and Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. and Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. and Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A. V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. and Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. and Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. and Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. and Whitehead, L. H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. and Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. and Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. and Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. and Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhao, Y. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. and Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. and Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.

Published
2021

237. Unlocking unprecedented seismic resolution with FWI Imaging

Author

Z. Zhang, R. Huang, J. Mei, P. Wang, Z. Wei, and Z. Wu

Subjects
Data set, Transmission (telecommunications), Noise (signal processing), Geophysical imaging, Temporal resolution, Attenuation, Reflection (physics), Inversion (meteorology), Seismology, Geology
Abstract

Summary A high-resolution seismic image is of great importance to exploration and production in many ways, such as bypassing drilling hazards and identifying compartmentalized reservoirs. To achieve seismic resolution as high as possible, the conventional seismic imaging process takes more of a linear approach to deal with one or a few specific issues at a time, such as noise and multiple attenuation, source and receiver deghosting, velocity errors, illumination holes, and migration swings. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) Imaging models and uses the full-wavefield data, including primaries and multiples (ghost included) and reflection and transmission waves, to iteratively invert for the reflectivity together with velocity and thus is an elegant solution to resolve those issues in one (iterative) inversion. FWI Imaging has proven to be a superior method for providing seismic images of greatly improved illumination, S/N, focusing, and thus better resolution, over conventional imaging methods. We demonstrate with a towed-streamer data set and an OBN data set that FWI Imaging with a frequency close to the temporal resolution limit of seismic data (100 Hz or higher) can provide seismic images of unprecedented resolution from the recorded seismic data, which has been impossible to achieve with conventional imaging methods.

Published
2021
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239. Pulse Shape Discrimination in CUPID-Mo using Principal Component Analysis

Author

L. Pattavina, F.A. Danevich, Vasundhara Singh, B. Schmidt, L. Marini, A. S. Barabash, Ezio Previtali, B. Welliver, K. Schäffner, P. de Marcillac, J. Johnston, V.I. Umatov, Jonathan Ouellet, Ph. Camus, D. Misiak, E. Yakushev, K. Eitel, H. Khalife, S. V. Rozov, C. Rusconi, P. Pari, Laura Cardani, S. Pirro, B. K. Fujikawa, V.D. Grigorieva, V.V. Kobychev, F. Charlieux, B. Siebenborn, I. Dafinei, V. I. Tretyak, M. De Jesus, A. Juillard, Yu. A. Borovlev, Matias Velázquez, Federico Ferri, Alexandre Benoit, D.V. Poda, M. Beretta, L. Vagneron, P. Loaiza, M. de Combarieu, J. A. Scarpaci, L. Bergé, E. P. Makarov, R. Mariam, V.N. Shlegel, Yu. G. Kolomensky, E. Armengaud, Th. Redon, M. Kleifges, C. Tomei, J. Billard, D. L. Helis, C. Augier, O. G. Polischuk, M. M. Zarytskyy, E. Guerard, L. Ma, L. Dumoulin, A. S. Zolotarova, Marc Weber, F. Bellini, B. Paul, T. Dixon, Lindley Winslow, H. Z. Huang, A. Giuliani, M. Pavan, R. Huang, X-F. Navick, Giovanni Benato, L. Pagnanini, E. Olivieri, Eric B. Norman, G. Pessina, C. Nones, V. B. Brudanin, A. Cazes, V. Sanglard, L. Gironi, M. Xue, J. Gascon, N. Casali, S. Marnieros, Haiping Peng, Y. Shen, S. I. Konovalov, M. Gros, Ch. Bourgeois, M. Chapellier, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), CUPID, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7450, USA (SSL), Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, principal component analysis, shape analysis, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, helium: background, physics.data-an, 0302 clinical medicine, Engineering, law, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, background: suppression, Analysis and statistical methods, calorimeters, data processing methods, double-beta decay detectors, Physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, molybdenum: oxygen, lithium, Principal component analysis, Data processing methods, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Shape analysis (digital geometry), data analysis method, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 03 medical and health sciences, Calorimeters, Optics, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], molybdenum: nuclide, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Filter (signal processing), Double-beta decay detectors, calibration, Pulse (physics), pile-up, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, scintillation counter: crystal, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
Abstract

CUPID-Mo is a cryogenic detector array designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) of 100Mo. It uses 20 scintillating 100Mo-enriched Li2MoO4 bolometers instrumented with Ge light detectors to perform active suppression of α backgrounds, drastically reducing the expected background in the 0νββ signal region. As a result, pileup events and small detector instabilities that mimic normal signals become non-negligible potential backgrounds. These types of events can in principle be eliminated based on their signal shapes, which are different from those of regular bolometric pulses. We show that a purely data-driven principal component analysis based approach is able to filter out these anomalous events, without the aid of detector response simulations.

Published
2021
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241. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Alonso Monsalve, S. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Bento Neves, F. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blanco Siffert, B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Caro Terrazas, I. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell-Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Escudero Sanchez, L. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. 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Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the νe spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

250. Disruption of Smad7 promotes ANG II-mediated renal inflammation and fibrosis via Sp1-TGF-β/Smad3-NF.κB-dependent mechanisms in mice.

Author

Guan-Xian Liu, You-Qi Li, Xiao R Huang, Lihua Wei, Hai-Yong Chen, Yong-Jun Shi, Rainer L Heuchel, and Hui Y Lan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Smad7 is an inhibitory Smad and plays a protective role in obstructive and diabetic kidney disease. However, the role and mechanisms of Smad7 in hypertensive nephropathy remains unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of Smad7 in ANG II-induced hypertensive nephropathy. Smad7 gene knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice received a subcutaneous infusion of ANG II or control saline for 4 weeks via osmotic mini-pumps. ANG II infusion produced equivalent hypertension in Smad7 KO and WT mice; however, Smad7 KO mice exhibited more severe renal functional injury as shown by increased proteinuria and reduced renal function (both p

Published
2013
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