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The objective of this study was to determine the association between biases related to attrition, missing data, and the use of intention to treat and changes in effect size estimates in physical therapy randomized trials. A meta-epidemiological study was conducted. A random sample of randomized controlled trials included in meta-analyses in the physical therapy discipline were identified. Data extraction including assessments of the use of intention to treat principle, attrition-related bias, and missing data was conducted independently by two reviewers. To determine the association between these methodological issues and effect sizes, a two-level analysis was conducted using a meta-meta-analytic approach. Three hundred ninety-three trials included in 43 meta-analyses, analyzing 44,622 patients contributed to this study. Trials that did not use the intention-to-treat principle (effect size = -0.13, 95% confidence interval = -0.26 to 0.01) or that were assessed as having inappropriate control of incomplete outcome data tended to underestimate the treatment effect when compared with trials with adequate use of intention to treat and control of incomplete outcome data (effect size = -0.18, 95% confidence interval = -0.29 to -0.08).Researchers and clinicians should pay attention to these methodological issues because they could provide inaccurate effect estimates. Authors and editors should make sure that intention-to-treat and missing data are properly reported in trial reports.

The Escola Família Agrícola Santa Ângela (EFASA) has a differentiable target audience, the student who lives in the countryside, and, because of this, it has a different perspective about the teaching form on curricular components of science to this public. Inthis context, the work aimed to describe the realization of the science fair at the EFASA school, to investigate the impact of the science fair, and its contributions to the teaching-learning process through the activities developed in this fair. The questionnaire online was applied through WhatsApp. After we elucidated and obtained the students' signatures in Informed Assent Termand Informed Consent Term only of their respective legal Guardians, students answered the questions. The data were arranged in graphs and tables. The students' responses were decisive for verifying that science fair can contribute positively to an experience of sciences acquiring knowledge, and it also was as a practical activity characterized. The results showed that the studentshave acted in a joined and organized way to pass on, produce and obtain knowledge during the science fair. Thus, the science fair could be a pedagogical strategy of teaching in science because it would provide practical, contextualized, and interdisciplinary learning among academic subjects of natural science, geography, and mathematics.

Science teaching without practical experiencescan make it difficult for students to understand the scientific phenomena studied. In this sense, the choice of didactic resources is animportant task in science education. The objective of this research was to analyze the use of didactic models in science classes in elementary school from the perspective of teachers. To this end, we chose to identify the students’ main difficulties,and the pedagogical practices most used to outline them, as well as to investigate the obstacles faced by teachers to develop and apply didactic models and, finally, evaluate their conceptions about the results achieved with these resources. The methodological approach of this research is quali-quantitative, with exploratory objectives,and its technical procedures characterize field research. The data were produced from the application of an online questionnaire answered by science teachers fromtheelementary school Carmelita Veras de Paulain the municipality of Barroquinha–CE. This research revealed important information about the applicationof didactic models and similar pedagogical practices in the participating school. The teachers pointed out that the diversity of pedagogical practices encourages participation and the search for knowledge, as well as, recognizedthat didactic models increase students’ attention and interest, promote participation,and facilitate understanding of the contents.

The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including natural alkaloids and other compounds presenting different types of biological activities have proved to be successful employing chiral sulfinyl imines derived from tert-butanesulfinamide. These imines are versatile chiral auxiliaries and have been extensively used as eletrophiles in a wide range of reactions. The electron-withdrawing sulfinyl group facilitates the nucleophilic addition of organometallic compounds to the iminic carbon with high diastereoisomeric excess and the free amines obtained after an easy removal of the tert-butanesulfinyl group can be transformed into enantioenriched nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The goal of this review is to the highlight enantioselective syntheses of heterocycles involving the use of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines as reaction intermediates, including the synthesis of several natural products. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in which the nitrogen atom is not provided by the chiral imine will not be considered in this review. The sections are organized according to the size of the heterocycles. The present work will comprehensively cover the most pertinent contributions to this research area from 2012 to 2020. We regret in advance that some contributions are excluded in order to maintain a concise format. We thank the continuous financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO; project CTQ2014-53695-P, CTQ2014-51912-REDC, CTQ2016-81797-REDC, CTQ2017-85093-P), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RED2018-102387-T, PID2019-107268GB-100), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017), and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-068). We are also grateful for the financial support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is one of the main pests of fruit, worldwide, and the use of population suppression method with low environmental impact is an increasingly strong requirement of the consumer market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral and natural films on the physical–chemical properties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), cultivar Itália, and oviposition behaviour of C. capitata. Fruits were immersed in suspensions (100 and 200 g L−1) of mineral (kaolin Surround®WP, kaolin 607, kaolin 608, kaolin 611 and talc) and natural films (chitosan, cassava starch, potato starch and guar gum 5.0 g L−1) and distilled water (control). After drying, fruits were exposed to C. capitata pairs of males and females for 24 h in choice and non-choice tests; the number of punctures with and without eggs, eggs per fruit and behavioural response of fly to treated and untreated fruits were recorded. Results obtained in this study are promising, given the scientific evidence that films of mineral particles such as kaolin (Surround®, 607, 608 and 611) changed the firmness, luminosity, chroma and hue angle of grapes and reduced the oviposition of C. capitata. In addition, our results also showed that natural polymers do not deter C. capitata females, but rather seem to stimulate oviposition.

Interval training has become an essential component of endurance training programs because it can facilitate a substantial improvement in endurance sport performance. Two forms of interval training that are commonly used to improve endurance sport performance are high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Despite extensive research, there is no consensus concerning the optimal method to manipulate the interval training programming variables to maximize endurance performance for differing individuals. The objective of this manuscript was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training studies to determine the influence that individual characteristics and training variables have on time-trial (TT) performance. SPORTDiscus and Medline with Full Text were explored to conduct a systematic literature search. The following criteria were used to select studies appropriate for the review: 1. the studies were prospective in nature; 2. included individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 years; 3. included an interval training (HIIT or SIT) program at least 2 weeks in duration; 4. included a TT test that required participants to complete a set distance; 5. and programmed HIIT by power or velocity. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria for the quantitative analysis with a total of 67 separate groups. The participants included males (n = 400) and females (n = 91) with a mean group age of 25 (range 19–45) years and mean $$V{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{max}}}}$$ of 52 (range 32–70) mL·kg−1·min−1. The training status of the participants comprised of inactive (n = 75), active (n = 146) and trained (n = 258) individuals. Training status played a significant role in improvements in TT performance with trained individuals only seeing improvements of approximately 2% whereas individuals of lower training status demonstrated improvements as high as 6%. The change in TT performance with HIIT depended on the duration but not the intensity of the interval work-bout. There was a dose–response relationship with the number of HIIT sessions, training weeks and total work with changes in TT performance. However, the dose–response was not present with SIT. Optimization of interval training programs to produce TT performance improvements should be done according to training status. Our analysis suggests that increasing interval training dose beyond minimal requirements may not augment the training response. In addition, optimal dosing differs between high intensity and sprint interval programs.

High level of greenhouse gases emission is provoking the global warming. Several approaches have been proposed to the development of renewable and clean technologies, such as the biological CO2 mitigation methods mediated by autotrophic microalgae. Desmodesmus subspicatus and Devons mix microalgae were used to biomass production from gases and volatile compounds of a treatment system for the steakhouse smoke using open and closed photobioreactors, optimizing by two factorial designs. The efficiency of carbon oxides removal was calculated and the microalgae biomass was characterized. Smoke and structural configuration of the system were the most significant variables to increase the biomass production. Also, it was observed that, although Devons microalgae mix presented a slower growth as compared to D. subspicatus, the carbon amount removal was indeed larger in the former. D. subspicatus in closed regime presented 1.63 g L−1 of dry biomass (733.32 mg m−3 of Chl-a), a value about six times higher than in open cultivation. Similar result was observed with the Devons mix, which 1.27 g L−1 of dry biomass (690 mg m−3 of Chl-a) in the closed system, a value about three times higher than in the open system. In relation to the biomass composition, the D. subspicatus and Devon’s mix were analyzed concerning to total lipids (6.77 and 23.23%), carbohydrates (28.17 and 27.60%) and proteins (35.3 and 31.9%). These results indicated that both biomasses are interesting sources of nutrients and could be applied to industrial purposes.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare ticagrelor monotherapy with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents. Background The role of abbreviated DAPT followed by an oral P2Y12 inhibitor after PCI remains uncertain. Methods Two randomized trials, including 14,628 patients undergoing PCI, comparing ticagrelor monotherapy with standard DAPT on centrally adjudicated endpoints were identified, and individual patient data were analyzed using 1-step fixed-effect models. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO ( CRD42019143120 ). The primary outcomes were the composite of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5 bleeding tested for superiority and, if met, the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 1 year, tested for noninferiority against a margin of 1.25 on a hazard ratio (HR) scale. Results Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5 bleeding occurred in fewer patients with ticagrelor than DAPT (0.9% vs. 1.7%, respectively; HR: 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41 to 0.75; p Conclusions Ticagrelor monotherapy was associated with a lower risk for major bleeding compared with standard DAPT, without a concomitant increase in ischemic events.

A pesquisa assume como hipótese que a eucaristia para garantir sua atualidade na economia do cristianismo, enquanto presença real de Cristo, precisa ser interpretada de modo relacional e intersubjetivo. Como afirmar a presença real de Cristo na eucaristia através do pão e do vinho em sentido eclesiológico e pneumatólogico? Explicita-se, em primeiro lugar, com base em Zeno Carra as insuficiências do modelo tomista-tridentino para a explicação do fato eucarístico, mostrando os problemas metafísicos da assunção da categoria de substância aristotélica por Tomás de Aquino e as dificuldades teológicas oriundas desta escolha por ele. Ao apresentar os limites da leitura substancialista, estática e dualista, o texto recorre, depois, a Hegel para articular uma leitura ontológica da eucaristia desde bases intersubjetivas e relacionais. Enfim, apresenta-se a ontologia eucarística intersubjetiva como ação pneumatológica que une, ao mesmo tempo, o evento da presença real de Cristo e o ato litúrgico eclesiológico realizado em comunidade.

The SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic changed the educational structure of dentistry courses and highlighted the importance of online tools. Understanding students' perception regarding these changes is essential to establishing future teaching-learning strategies to accommodate students' needs in higher education. The aim of this study was to assess students' perceptions of the Oral Radiology teachinglearning process before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of students (n = 111) of the 2nd, 4th and 6th semesters of the dentistry course, who answered a questionnaire with 21 items: A) Students' demographic data (5 questions); B) Students' teaching-learning experiences during the pre-pandemic period (8 questions); and C) Students' teaching-learning experiences during the post-pandemic period (8 questions). Stuart-Maxwell tests revealed statistically significant differences between students' opinions before and during the pandemic when they were asked about the structure of the Oral Radiology module (p = 0.008); their previous experience with e-learning and teaching (p0.001); their thoughts about the importance of e-learning in Oral Radiology (p0.05); and the time they spent online for academic purposes (p0.05). Students seem to prefer on-campus activities (before COVID-19), but the pandemic increased their awareness of the importance of e-learning, the time they spent on online studies, and their knowledge of online educational tools.A pandemia de SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) mudou a estrutura educacional dos cursos de odontologia e destacou a importância das ferramentas online. Compreender a percepção dos alunos sobre as mudanças vivenciadas é essencial para estabelecer futuras estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem e acomodar as necessidades dos alunos no ensino superior. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos alunos sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Radiologia Odontológica antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A amostra foi composta por alunos (n = 111) do 2º, 4º e 6º semestres do curso de odontologia que responderam a um questionário com 21 itens: A) Dados demográficos dos alunos (5 questões); B) Experiências de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos no período pré-pandemia (8 questões); e C) Experiências de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos no período pós-pandemia (8 questões). Os testes de Stuart-Maxwell revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as opiniões dos alunos antes e durante as pandemias quando questionados sobre a estrutura do módulo de Radiologia Odontológica (p = 0,008); sua experiência anterior com ensino a distância (p0,001); seus pensamentos relacionados à importância da Radiologia Odontológica via e-learning (p0,05); e o tempo gasto online para fins acadêmicos (p0,05). Os alunos parecem preferir atividades no campus (antes do COVID-19), mas as pandemias aumentaram sua conscientização sobre a importância do e-learning, seu tempo dedicado aos estudos online e sua familiarização com ferramentas educacionais online.

The interest in Be as an impurity in GaN stems from the challenge to understand why GaN can be doped p type with Mg, while this does not work for Be. While theory has actually predicted an acceptor level for Be that is shallower than Mg, it was also argued that Be is not a suitable acceptor because its am-photeric nature, i.e. its tendency to occupy substitutional Ga as well as interstitial sites, would be considerably more pronounced than for Mg and hence lead to self-compensation. Using the emission channeling technique at the ISOLDE/CERN facility, we determined the lattice location of 11Be (t1/2 = 13.8 s) in different doping types of GaN as a function of implantation temperature. We find within an accuracy of 0.08 Å that the location of interstitial Be is the one predicted by theory. The room temperature interstitial fraction of 11Be was correlated with the GaN doping type, being highest (up to ~80%) in p type and lowest in n-GaN, thus giving direct evidence for the amphoteric character of Be. We find that interstitial 11Be fractions are generally much higher than for Mg, which confirms that indeed self-compensation should be consid-erably more pronounced for Be. With rising implantation temperature, an increasing conversion of interstitial to substitutional Be is observed, involving at least two clearly identifiable steps at 50–150 °C and 350–500 °C. This suggests that the migration of interstitial Be may be subject to two different activation ener-gies.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Inflammation may play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Some studies have suggested that cancer through inflammatory mediators may promote the development of AF (1-2). Our hypothesis was that patients with a first episode of AF might be at increased risk of developing cancer. We set out to study the incidence of cancer in the 2 years following a first episode of AF and to investigate the differences between patients (pts) who develop malignancies and those who do not. Methods Clinical and analytical data were collected from pts presenting with an episode of AF, diagnosed electrocardiographically, to the Emergency Department of our hospital in Spain between 2010-2015 (n=2013). After selecting pts with a first episode and excluding pts with a history of AF or cancer and those with an identified precipitating factor, a sample of 712 pts was obtained (mean age 74.3±14.7; 61.9% female). The minimum follow-up was 2 years, registering cancer occurrence and type, total mortality, emergency department attendance and hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, AF recurrences as well as bleeding and embolic events. We compared data from those who developed cancer during the 2 years after AF debut with those who did not, as well as with the incidence and types of cancer in the general population in Spain (SP) in 2012 (3). Results Of the 712 patients, 35 patients (4.91%) were diagnosed with cancer during the 2-year follow-up (annual incidence: 2.45% (sample) vs 0.46% (SP); p65 years old group, annual incidence was 2.17% (sample) vs 0.28% (SP); p In multivariate analysis comparing patients with and without cancer in our sample, occurrence of cancer was only associated with non-typical symptoms (absence of palpitations) : 33.38% vs 14.28%; p Conclusions There is a relatively high incidence of cancer in patients with a first episode of AF (annual incidence of 2.45% after AF debut is 6.1 times the risk in the general population), in particular in the group of age > 65 years old. No relevant clinical or analytical variable was able to predict the patient who will develop cancer. Further studies and exploration of new variables are needed to better assess the association between AF and cancer occurrence.

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is a recent fatigue methodology that applies resonant principles to induce cyclic stresses in a modally designed specimen enabling the application of fatigue damage at very high frequencies. Its primary purpose is to study fatigue life in the Very High Cycle Fatigue regime between 10E07 and 10E09 cycles with a higher performance of time and energy wise compared to conventional servo-hydraulic fatigue testing machines. In this study, an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine was used to carry out multiaxial tension/torsion fatigue tests at a frequency of 20 kHz. The objective was to reach a reliable multiaxial fatigue testing method by modifying only the specimen, with the ability to induce different shear to axial stress ratios. The improved design/methodology of the testing ultrasonic multiaxial method focused first on the innovative design specimens and setup modal behaviour by conducting both numerical and experimental analyses. Laser displacement measurements, thermographic imaging, and rosette strain gauges applied to the specimen’s fatigue stress region were carried out to validate the new design concept and compared with the computed results obtained by finite element. A good numerical to experimental results agreement was achieved. A series of fatigue tests were carried out in tension/torsion fatigue to three different combining dimension specimens allowing three different shear/axial stress ratios. The resulting crack initiation angles and fracture surfaces were analysed and compared not only between each other but also with tension-compression and pure torsion ultrasonic tested specimens.

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies: (i) conjugation systems that mediate interbacterial DNA transfer and (ii) effector translocators that deliver effector macromolecules into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. A few other T4SSs export DNA or proteins to the milieu, or import exogenous DNA. The T4SSs are defined by 6 or 12 conserved "core" subunits that respectively elaborate "minimized" systems in Gram-positive or -negative bacteria. However, many "expanded" T4SSs are built from "core" subunits plus numerous others that are system-specific, which presumptively broadens functional capabilities. Recently, there has been exciting progress in defining T4SS assembly pathways and architectures using a combination of fluorescence and cryoelectron microscopy. This review will highlight advances in our knowledge of structure-function relationships for model Gram-negative bacterial T4SSs, including "minimized" systems resembling the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 T4SS and "expanded" systems represented by the Helicobacter pylori Cag, Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm, and F plasmid-encoded Tra T4SSs. Detailed studies of these model systems are generating new insights, some at atomic resolution, to long-standing questions concerning mechanisms of substrate recruitment, T4SS channel architecture, conjugative pilus assembly, and machine adaptations contributing to T4SS functional versatility.

Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Rainfall patterns over recent decades have changed and extreme events are intensifying. These are expected to affect the hydrological dynamics and structure of forest streams in the Amazon basin, which strongly depend on the local rainfall regime, with potential consequences for local fish assemblages. Here we used four repeated surveys of stream fish assemblages across 10 × 10 km area of a pristine forest reserve in central Amazonia over an 18‐year (2001–2018) period to investigate the temporal dynamics of fish taxonomic and functional composition in relation to changes in stream habitats and local climatic regime. We investigated changes in magnitude, direction, and congruence of fish assemblage trajectories over time. Total annual rainfall increased over time, with stormy days (i.e. daily rainfall above 20 mm) becoming more frequent during recent decades and a concomitant change of stream substrates from litter‐dominated to free sand. The overall taxonomic and functional composition of fish assemblages changed consistently over time, with stronger differences between the first and last surveys due to alterations in relative abundances of some of the most abundant species. Functional composition moved from open water species (compressed‐bodied species with less developed fins and terminal‐oriented mouths) to species adapted to lateral pools and shallow marginal areas (species with fusiform body shape, more developed fins, and superior‐oriented mouth) We provide evidence of a concerted directional change of fish assemblages associated with increased precipitation and a higher frequency of stormy days over the last 2 decades. Considering the short time interval and the subtleness of the climatic changes assessed in this study, as well as the historically assumed structural stability of Amazonian streams, these findings are surprising and indicate those stream fish assemblages may respond quickly to climate changes.

Electrostatically defined quantum dots (QDs) in Bernal stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) are a promising quantum information platform because of their long spin decoherence times, high sample quality, and tunability. Importantly, the shape of QD states determines the electron energy spectrum, the interactions between electrons, and the coupling of electrons to their environment, all of which are relevant for quantum information processing. Despite its importance, the shape of BLG QD states remains experimentally unexamined. Here we report direct visualization of BLG QD states by using a scanning tunneling microscope. Strikingly, we find these states exhibit a robust broken rotational symmetry. By using a numerical tight-binding model, we determine that the observed broken rotational symmetry can be attributed to low energy anisotropic bands. We then compare confined holes and electrons and demonstrate the influence of BLG's nontrivial band topology. Our study distinguishes BLG QDs from prior QD platforms with trivial band topology.

RESUME CONTEXTE: On ignore si les variations climatiques saisonnieres, la fermeture des etablissements scolaires ou d’autres interventions de sante publique entraineront un ralentissement de la pandemie actuelle de maladie a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Nous avons voulu determiner si de facon globale la progression de l’epidemie est associee au climat ou aux interventions de sante publique visant a reduire la transmission du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu severe 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). METHODES: Nous avons procede a une etude de cohorte prospective des 144 regions geopolitiques de la planete (375 609 cas) presentant au moins 10 cas de COVID-19, avec transmission locale, en date du 20 mars 2020, a l’exclusion de la Chine, de la Coree du Sud, de l’Iran et de l’Italie. Par analyse de regression a effets aleatoires ponderee, nous avons evalue le lien entre la progression de l’epidemie (exprimee sous forme de rapports de taux d’incidence [RTI] comparant les nombres cumulatifs de cas de COVID-19 du 27 mars 2020 a ceux du 20 mars 2020) avec les facteurs de latitude, temperature, humidite, fermeture des etablissements scolaires, interdiction des grands rassemblements et mesures d’eloignement social qui etaient en place les 7 et 13 mars 2020 (periode de 14 jours anterieure a l’evaluation). RESULTATS: Les analyses univariees ont revele aucuns lien entre la progression de l’epidemie et les facteurs de latitude et de temperature, mais des liens negatifs faibles avec l’humidite relative (RTI par 10 %, 0,91, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 % 0,85–0,96) et l’humidite absolue (RTI par 5 g/m3 0,92, IC a 95 % 0,85–0,99). Des liens etroits ont ete observes avec l’interdiction des grands rassemblements (RTI 0,65, IC a 95 % 0,53–0,79), la fermeture des etablissements scolaires (RTI 0,63, IC a 95 % 0,52–0,78) et les mesures d’eloignement social (RTI 0,62, IC a 95 % 0,45–0,85). Dans un modele multivarie, on a note un lien etroit avec le nombre de mesures deployees par la sante publique (p pour tendance = 0,001), tandis que le lien avec l’humidite absolue s’attenuait. INTERPRETATION: La progression de l’epidemie de COVID-19 ne s’est pas revelee en lien avec la latitude ni avec la temperature, mais faiblement en lien avec l’humidite relative ou absolue. A l’inverse, les interventions de sante publique ont ete etroitement associees a un ralentissement de la progression de l’epidemie.

O controle de dados é fundamental para o sucesso dos sistemas de produção. No entanto, a criação de cabras nas regiões semiárida e tropical produz principalmente derivados artesanais, lácteos ou produtos de carne como embutidos e salame. Apesar da importância, o peso corporal (PC) geralmente não é medido por pequenos e médios produtores devido à falta de balanças, estruturas de baias e instalações rurais inadequadas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi de estabelecer equações para estimar o PC de caprinos Saanen e Anglo Nubian. Foram coletados 125 dados de animais constituídos por 65 cabras Saanen e 60 cabras anglo-nubianas de diferentes faixas etárias. As medidas foram feitas para a altura da cernelha, altura da garupa; comprimento corporal, profundidade do peito, perímetro torácico (PT), comprimento da garupa, largura da garupa (LG), circunferência abdominal e PC. Para todas as relações avaliadas entre PC (kg) e medidas morfométricas (cm), o efeito do sexo foi significativo (P 0,01). A LG apresentou as maiores correlações (R2 = 0,92) com o PC para as fêmeas, enquanto as medidas do PT apresentaram as maiores correlações (R2 = 0,92) com o PC dos machos. As seguintes equações foram ajustadas: PC fêmeas = 0,1188 × LG2 + 0,5732 × LG - 5,5888; e PC machos = 0,0127 × PT2 - 0,6611 × PT + 11,261. Além disso, para estimar o PC considerando a idade em dias (t): PC = 36.5674 × exp (-2.2404 exp (-0.0046t)) para machos e PC = 27.2616 × exp (-2.4151 exp (-0.00775t)) para as fêmeas.

Decreasing orthodontic treatment duration is at the forefront of innovation for clinical orthodontics. This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative efficacy and safety of treatments for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars followed by canine retraction in any orthodontic setting. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched (from inception to 20 April 2020). Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were meta-analysed to estimate the rate of tooth movement, 95% credible interval and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) in the first 3 months following the application of the adjunctive accelerative method. Eligible RCTs were assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool, and quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE approach, obtained from CINeMA web application. Interventions were ranked for efficacy and reviewed for safety. Nineteen studies pertaining to eight interventions, with data from 415 patients were included. Quality of evidence was very low to moderate. Very low-to low-quality evidence suggests that corticotomy is an efficacious and safe adjunctive treatment to accelerate OTM in comparison with conventional treatment in the first 2 months of treatment. Low-quality evidence suggests that piezocision and micro-osteoperforations (MOP) are efficacious and safe adjunctive treatments only in the first month of treatment. Frequent MOP in conjunction with low-level laser therapy appeared to be an efficacious and safe adjunctive treatment only in the first month following its initial application but not thereafter.

Background Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill patients, many of whom receive renal-replacement therapy. However, the most effective timing for the initiation of such therapy remains uncertain. Methods We conducted a multinational, randomized, controlled trial involving critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury. Patients were randomly assigned to receive an accelerated strategy of renal-replacement therapy (in which therapy was initiated within 12 hours after the patient had met eligibility criteria) or a standard strategy (in which renal-replacement therapy was discouraged unless conventional indications developed or acute kidney injury persisted for >72 hours). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 90 days. Results Of the 3019 patients who had undergone randomization, 2927 (97.0%) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (1465 in the accelerated-strategy group and 1462 in the standard-strategy group). Of these patients, renal-replacement therapy was performed in 1418 (96.8%) in the accelerated-strategy group and in 903 (61.8%) in the standard-strategy group. At 90 days, death had occurred in 643 patients (43.9%) in the accelerated-strategy group and in 639 (43.7%) in the standard-strategy group (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93 to 1.09; P=0.92). Among survivors at 90 days, continued dependence on renal-replacement therapy was confirmed in 85 of 814 patients (10.4%) in the accelerated-strategy group and in 49 of 815 patients (6.0%) in the standard-strategy group (relative risk, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.43). Adverse events occurred in 346 of 1503 patients (23.0%) in the accelerated-strategy group and in 245 of 1489 patients (16.5%) in the standard-strategy group (P

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of different matrices of mama-cadela and araçá. Physical evaluations were: longitudinal fruit diameter (DLF), fruit cross diameter (DTF), fruit mass (MF), longitudinal seed diameter (DLS), seed transverse diameter (DTS) and seed mass (MS) . Chemical analyzes consisted of analyzing pH, titratable acidity, humidity and ashes. The results of the physical and chemical analyzes were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scoott-Knott test (p

Central Amazon has been subjected to a higher frequency of extreme climatic events, such as very dry or very wet years, in the last decades. Here, we report a 20-year monitoring of 6 biological groups over 100 km 2 of typical terra-firme forest at Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus. Most assemblages had a decrease in abundance (9 – 35 %) and richness (8 – 25 %) along time, with some taxonomic and functional reorganization. Taxonomic and functional composition changes along time were more extensive in the valleys for trees and ants, and in first-order streams for fish; while bird and small trees had different patterns of composition change in valleys and plateaus. Although the signal of change was not congruent across all assemblages, patterns indicate that the forest and streams are becoming more dynamic as the hydrological cycle intensifies due to climate changes, and these new environments are already filtering species, at least in some well monitored taxonomic groups. Our data, in combination with other studies, suggest that riparian areas in the valleys are hydrological refuges during droughts, although also susceptible to disturbances induced by excessive precipitation and windstorms. In face of the importance of valleys as refuge, its sensibility and the unknown effects of potential migrations from higher topographic areas due to climate change, the conservation of large and extensive riparian areas seems to be of surmount importance to the future of Amazonian biodiversity.

Summary The sucker-rod pumping (SRP) system is the most used artificial lift method in oil wells in Brazil and in the world. This method stands out for its simplicity and low cost in investments and maintenance, and can be operated in a large range of flow rates, with fluids of different compositions and viscosities. However, the SRP units as well as all other mechanical equipment require periodic adjustments and maintenance, whether corrective or preventive. Two important procedures commonly made at the SRP units are the adjustment for counterbalancing the pumping unit and the adjustment of the polished rod stroke length. Performing these procedures requires stopping the production of the well. Usually, such adjustment procedures are made manually by a work team that is transported to the place where the pumping unit is located. In this context, Petrobras in partnership with Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and other companies developed a new type of pumping unit, called smart sucker rod pump (SSRP), which is capable of counterbalancing the unit and adjusting the polished rod stroke length without mobilizing a team to go to the field. Thus, this work proposes to develop a strategy to automatically control the SSRP. The development of this strategy aims to ensure that the equipment operates under proper conditions and within its safety limits (previously set by the operator), as well as to optimize the well production. In order to test the control strategy developed for the SSRP, simulations were performed using synthetic wells. It was observed that the developing strategy reached the proposed goals for which it was developed; that is, to keep the parameters of the SSRP within the limits set by the operator and optimize the production flow rate.

Background Sponsorship bias could affect research results to inform decision makers when using the results of these trials. The extent to which sponsorship bias affect results in the field of physical therapy has been unexplored in the literature. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sponsorship bias on the treatment effects of randomized controlled trials in physical therapy area. Methods This was a meta-epidemiological study. A random sample of randomized controlled trials included in meta-analyses of physical therapy area were identified. Data extraction including assessments of appropriate influence of funders was conducted independently by two reviewers. To determine the association between biases related to sponsorship biases and effect sizes, a two-level analysis was conducted using a meta-meta-analytic approach. Results We analyzed 393 trials included in 43 meta-analyses. The most common sources of sponsorship for this sample of physical therapy trials were government (n = 205, 52%), followed by academic (n = 44, 11%) and industry (n = 39, 10%). The funding was not declared in a high percentage of the trials (n = 85, 22%). The influence of the trial sponsor was assessed as being appropriate in 246 trials (63%) and considered inappropriate/unclear in 147 (37%) of them. We have moderate evidence to say that trials with inappropriate/unclear influence of funders tended to have on average a larger effect size than those with appropriate influence of funding (effect size = 0.15; 95% confidence interval = -0.03 to 0.33). Conclusions Based on our sample of physical therapy trials, it seems that most of the trials are funded by either government and academia and a small percentage are funded by the industry. Treatment effect size estimates were on average 0.15 larger in trials with lack of appropriate influence of funders as compared with trials with appropriate influence of funding. Contrarily to other fields, industry funding was relatively small and their influence perhaps less marked. All these results could be explained by the relative youth of the field and/or the absence of clear industry interests. In front of the call for action by the World Health Organization to strengthen rehabilitation in health systems, these results raise the issue of the need of public funding in the field.

Objective Commonly, esthetic procedures involve ceramic laminates and gingivectomy. However, the clinical demand caused by dental wear and gingival recessions due to parafunctional habits is increasing. Thus, in addition to restoring the anatomical and esthetic dental form, it is also necessary to restore the lost gingival volume. Clinical considerations This article presents a case report of the treatment of a patient with marked incisal wear and gingival recessions. Initially, endodontic treatment of the upper lateral incisors was performed, which presented with pulp necrosis due to the marked wear caused by bruxism. Subsequently, the patient was treated with a subepithelial connective graft by a technique proposed by Zucchelli, along with minimally invasive ceramic laminates and finished with a myorelaxant plaque. Conclusions This proposed approach aimed for and achieved esthetic excellence, and full recovery of function, which is of extreme clinical relevance. Ultimately, the stability of the surgery and the laminates after 1 year of follow-up is presented. Clinical significance Patients with bruxism in addition to incisal and occlusal wear are more likely to have gingival recessions. The esthetic planning of these patients should contemplate interdisplinarity temporomandibular disorder, periodontics, and dentistry for the recovery of the function and reaching esthetic excellence.

1. The intensity and frequency of severe droughts in the Amazon region has increase in recent decades. These extreme events are associated with changes in forest dynamics, biomass and floristic composition. However, most studies of drought response have focused on upland forests with deep water tables, which may be especially sensitive to drought. Palms, which tend to dominate the less well‐drained soils, have also been neglected. The relative neglect of shallow water tables and palms is a significant concern for our understanding of tropical drought impacts, especially as one third of Amazon forests grow on shallow water tables (

Antioxidant compounds are increasingly attracting more attention by neuropharmacology studies due to the property of preventing brain damage. This study aimed to evaluate the supposed enhancement of antidepressant potentiality of a flavonoid-rich extract and investigate the new bioactive compounds from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa leaves. Quantitative analysis by RP-UHPLC-UV-DAD and extract yields were utilized in an experimental design to optimize flavonoid extraction. The total flavonoid content (11.42 mg/g), isoorientin (luteolin-6-C-β-D-glucoside) (5.21 mg/g), and LC-ESI-IT-MS/MS profile of the rich extract were determined and the flavonoid isoorientin (49 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC-UV-DAD. The antidepressant-like effects of the extract (50–100 mg/kg, p.o.) and isoorientin (1–10 mg/kg, p.o.) were investigated in the male mouse forced swimming test, in which both the positive control and experimental groups displayed reduced immobility time. Thus, the chemical results linked to the bioactivity assessments provide a 10-fold increase in the extract’s antidepressant potency and determine the relationship with the isoorientin flavonoid.

BACKGROUND The majority of children in North America consume cow-milk daily. Children aged >2 y are recommended to consume reduced-fat (0.1-2%) cow-milk to lower the risk of obesity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity in children aged 1-18 y. METHODS Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 2019 were used. The search included observational and interventional studies of healthy children aged 1-18 y that described the association between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity. Two reviewers extracted data, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects to evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat and risk of overweight or obesity. Adiposity was assessed using BMI z-score (zBMI). RESULTS Of 5862 reports identified by the search, 28 met the inclusion criteria: 20 were cross-sectional and 8 were prospective cohort. No clinical trials were identified. In 18 studies, higher cow-milk fat consumption was associated with lower child adiposity, and 10 studies did not identify an association. Meta-analysis included 14 of the 28 studies (n = 20,897) that measured the proportion of children who consumed whole milk compared with reduced-fat milk and direct measures of overweight or obesity. Among children who consumed whole (3.25% fat) compared with reduced-fat (0.1-2%) milk, the OR of overweight or obesity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.72; P

Genome replication is a fundamental biological activity shared by all organisms. Chromosomal replication proceeds bidirectionally from origins, requiring the loading of two helicases, one for each replisome. The molecular mechanisms for helicase loading at bacterial chromosome origins (oriC) are unclear. Here we investigated the essential DNA replication initiation protein DnaD in the model organism Bacillus subtilis. A set of DnaD residues required for ssDNA binding was identified, and photo-crosslinking revealed that this ssDNA binding region interacts preferentially with one strand of oriC. Biochemical and genetic data support the model that DnaD recognizes a new single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) motif located in oriC (DnaD Recognition Element, “DRE”). Considered with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging of full length DnaD, we propose that the location of the DRE within the oriC orchestrates strand-specific recruitment of helicase to achieve bidirectional DNA replication. These findings significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of bidirectional replication from a bacterial chromosome origin.

Plant distribution patterns may indicate habitat specialization either by closely related species with conserved traits or by phylogenetically distant species with converging traits. Lianas represent a large proportion of the overall tropical species diversity and abundance. Despite their importance, little is known about the relationship between habitat specialization and the phylogenetic structure of lianas, especially at the landscape scale where forest disturbances and hydro-edaphic gradients are crucial. To explore this knowledge gap, we used one of the most diverse lineages of Neotropical lianas to test whether (i) landscape environmental gradients explain liana species diversity and composition, (ii) habitat specialization is phylogenetically conserved along ecological gradients, and (iii) closely related liana species have more similar distribution patterns. We hypothesized that hydro-edaphic and forest disturbance gradients determine the compartmentalization of a subset of closely related species in different portions of the ecological gradients. To test our hypothesis, we examined the distribution of the tribe Bignonieae on 34 1-ha permanent plots systematically distributed over a 42 km2 forested landscape area in Central Amazon. We used proxies for the hydro-edaphic, forest disturbance, and soil nutrient gradients. Liana diversity increased along the hydro-edaphic gradient (i.e., toward dry plateaus), but slightly decreased along the forest disturbance gradient. Further, we found evidence of habitat specialization along the hydro-edaphic gradient on plateaus with deeper water tables, where liana assemblages are subsets of closely related species, exhibiting phylogenetic clustering. The opposite pattern was found on valleys, where liana assemblages were phylogenetically overdispersed. Our results support the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism on plateaus and a stronger environmental filter within the hydrologically dynamic valleys, associated with a functional convergence of more distantly related species. The selection of more distantly related species on hydrologically dynamic areas is a general pattern among trees, palms and now lianas. We conclude that ecological filters and phylogenetic history have played fundamental roles in structuring liana assemblages unevenly at the landscape scale. Fine-scale hydrology determines several aspects of plant community organization, whose mechanisms need to be experimentally investigated in the Amazon basin.

To evaluate the prognostic association between preoperative features seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and postoperative visual acuity (VA) outcomes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD).Currently, there is limited literature on the prognostic value of preoperative RRD OCT features.A literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception through September 15, 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Quality of studies and evidence was assessed using the JBI tools and GRADE framework, respectively.A total of 1,671 eyes of 1,670 patients from 29 observational studies were included. Eighty-nine percent of eyes had a macula-off RRD at presentation. The mean average duration of detachment was 15±10 days. The majority of eyes (62%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Six preoperative OCT features were analyzed: height of retinal detachment (HRD) at the fovea, central macular thickness (CMT), disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and/or external limiting membrane (ELM), intraretinal cystic cavities (ICCs), outer retinal corrugations (ORCs) and macular detachment. A greater HRD was weakly associated with postoperative VA (Pearson's correlation r=0.35, 95% CI=[0.20─0.48], p0.01), and there was no change in this association throughout the postoperative follow-up period. The CMT was not associated with postoperative VA. Eyes with disruption of the EZ and/or ELM had a postoperative VA worse by 0.35 logMAR (95% CI=[0.15─0.54], p0.01) or three Snellen lines. Eyes with ICCs had a postoperative VA worse by 0.14 logMAR (95% CI=[0.01─0.26], p0.01) or two Snellen lines. Eyes with ORCs did not have a significantly different postoperative VA than eyes without. Eyes with macular detachment had a postoperative VA worse by 0.15 logMAR (95% CI=[-0.31─0.00], p=0.02) or two Snellen lines. Overall, the quality of studies ranged from moderate to good (73─100%). All associations had a low quality of evidence, with CMT being very low quality.Despite the low quality of evidence, a greater HRD, disruption of the EZ and/or ELM, presence of ICCs and macular detachment were associated with a poor postoperative VA. We propose a standardized nomenclature for consistency and accuracy in reporting preoperative RRD OCT features for future studies.