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The real-time electrochemical monitoring technique is employed to analyze the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which incorporates cyclic voltammetry and is mediated by the redox catalysis. The discussed approach is shown to be extremely simple, as it does not even require an electrode functionalization by a DNA probe.

Byline: T. Markovits, J. Takacs, A. Szilagyi, W. Xiufeng This paper presents an online method to measure the temperature and the deformations versus time during the laser bending of sheet materials. To measure the temperature and the deformations, an Infrared Thermovision System and a Deformation Amplifier System were used, respectively. In the experiments, two different types of steel were investigated the C45 and St14 in case of different sheet thicknesses. In the experiment results, the complex changing of the bending angle was measured in the range of laser power below 100 W. These results show the effect of the material, the thickness and the laser power on the temperature distribution and the bending angle. With this complex method, it was possible to relate the deformation and thermal data during the laser treatment. These data give suitable parameters for creating a model, which describes more precisely the laser bending process.

Byline: R. Amuthakkannan, S.M. Kannan, V. Selladurai, K. Vijayalakshmi In industrial applications, a number of real-time systems is used with advanced technologies. A real-time system consists of software and hardware components. In these types of systems, real-time software quality has a continuously increasing impact on system quality. If the software quality is poor, the total system performance will result in serious injury to the system or significant property damage. Therefore, associated software quality measurement and improvement is an essential issue in the construction of new generation real-time systems. In this paper, after developing the real-time software, it is tested using different testing methods to predict the defects and performance. Then the root causes for the problems are identified according to the results and the opinion of the experts. Using the various quality control tools and techniques, the real-time software is improved to enhance the quality of the software. So, a systematic approach is proposed to improve the quality of real-time software in a case study of software-based internal combustion engine performance analyser by identifying the defects in software product and improving the development processes.

A dynamic track-following technique is developed that enables real-time reading of on-track data from off-centered hard disks on a spin stand. This technique makes use of piezoelectric transducers to dynamically control the radial displacement of the read head to follow off-centered tracks.

The CubeOS, a special software environment for behavior-oriented robotics is described. The novel scheme of B-scheduling results in guaranteed performance regarding the periodicy of the processes, an important feature for control, while eliminating idle time.

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear model for magnetic levitation systems which is validated with experimental measurements. Using this model, a nonlinear control law based on differential geometry is firstly synthesized. Then, its real-time implementation is developed. In order to highlight the performance of the proposed control law, experimental results are given. Index Terms--Input-output linearization, magnetic levitation systems, modelization, real-time control.

In this paper we develop and analyze real-time and accurate filters for nonlinear filtering problems based on the Gaussian distributions. We present the systematic formulation of Gaussian filters and develop efficient and accurate numerical integration of the optimal filter. We also discuss the mixed Gaussian filters in which the conditional probability density is approximated by the sum of Gaussian distributions. A new update rule of weights for Gaussian sum filters is proposed. Our numerical testings demonstrate that new filters significantly improve the extended Kalman filter with no additional cost and the new Gaussian sum filter has a nearly optimal performance. Index Terms--Author: please supply index terms. E-mail: keywords@ieee.org for information.