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A feasibility study of VLSI hardware implementation of support vector domain description (SVDD) has been done in this work. The on-chip learning operation of SVDD algorithm was implemented by an analog Gaussian-cell array. By using a compact analog Gaussian-generation circuit, the center, height and width of the generated Gaussian kernel function feature can be programmed. Based on this Gaussian-generation circuit, a fully parallel architecture is developed to implement the on-chip learning operation, which is carried out by the proposed method. In this manner, the learning operation autonomously proceeds without any clock-based iteration, and self-converges with a high speed. A proof-of-concept processor is designed for sixteen learning sample vectors. From the circuit simulation results, the entire learning operation is accomplished within 0.6 μs, and the domain of sample space is described by a reduced number of sample vectors. In addition, the various forms of domain description can be realized by tuning the kernel function feature dynamically.

“Let physics do computing” is a promising approach to new-paradigm computing in the beyond CMOS era. Building associative memories based on the physics of nano oscillators, in particular, presents a lot of potential for intelligent information processing. In this paper, we discuss how CMOS supporting circuitries can interface the fabric of nano oscillators with digital computing world. Using CMOS ring oscillators to emulate the nano oscillator behavior, how to produce the associative memory function and to use it for image recognition is demonstrated by HSPICE simulation.

This paper refines an earlier localization procedure used to design optimal nonblocking distributed supervisory controllers in discrete-event systems (DES). The earlier algorithm needed a control consistency relation involving two conditions, and introduced superfluous selfloops. We propose a refined procedure, including a newly defined weak control consistency relation, and a cleanup algorithm, which results in simpler and cleaner controllers. It is proved to be correct, and illustrated by a Transfer Line plant.

This paper reports some results of a study of the effect of variation of salinity and air temperature on surface zone behavior in a laboratory tabk. The data shiws that the boundary between surface and gradient zones moves down as a result of increasing aslinity in the surface zone. The effect of daily imbient air temperature change over the range studied on flunctuation of boundary level between the surface and gradient zones can be negligible when the effect of wind and evaporation is fairly small. Wind and evaporation from surface water play an important role in the above effect. Wind and evaporation from surface water play an important role in the above effect.

The thermal performance and thermal processes of a glass tube collector have been analysed in this paper. Its thermal performance can be improved by changing the thermal processes to take advantage of the glass tube's ability to transmit sunlight; that makes it possible for the working fluid to directly absorb part of solar radiation. Its thermal performance is even better in most parts of the working region than that of a steel tube collector, even when the structure, meteorological conditions and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid are exactly the same. An equation of steady-state instantaneous efficiency of a glass tube collector has been derived in the paper. Calculations of various operating conditions have been made with a computer, and the calculated results are quite agreeable with the experimental results. Thus the equation and the calculation method can be used in the design of glass tube collectors and for comparison calculations. The calculations also show some other important features of a glass tube collector.

This paper reports 25 kinds of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies by ABC immunohistochemical technique used for 253 cell smears by fine-needle aspiration. The results were: 1. Immunohistochemical diagnosis were classified into 136 metastatic cancers (K 12 + EMA+ CEA+ LCA−), 92 lymphomas (LCA+ k12− EMA− CEA−), 4 mesenchymal tumors (Vimentin+), 3 melanomas (S-100+NSE+). 15 reactive proliferations (k+ λ+ CD4 4 + CD8 8 + ) and 3 unspecified. 2. The origin of 70 metastatic cancers were classified into 36 lung (HLC3-AB+), 4 gastrointestinal tract (MG7+), 8 thyroid (TGB+), 1 prostate (PSA+), 3 liver (AFP+) and 14 unknown. 3. Immunologic phenotype of 87 lymphomas wereclassified into 66 cases of B- cell, 4 T-cell, 3 hsitocyte, 7 Hodgkin’s diseases and 7 unclear. The above results suggest that immunohistochemical method may be used as a new method of diagnosing and differentiating epithelial and non-epithelial tumors, detecting primary focus of metastatic cncer, differentiating between reactive proliferation adn lymphome and specifying immunologic phenotype of lymphoma in cell smears of fine- needle aspiration.

A Cockcroft-Walton type charge pump circuit is proposed in this paper. Compared with Dickson type, each transistor and capacitor in the proposed circuit just stand against the voltage less than one Vdd, so that a low break-down voltage process can be applied to this kind of charge pump to reduce the chip area cost and break-down risk. By using the proposed structure, the performances of voltage boosting efficiency and power efficiency can reach 98.9% and 87%.

Cyclometalated platinum(II) complex has been successfully incorporated into the (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-modified channels of ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 that has large pore hexagonal channels. Studies on the (1)O(2) generation conclusively demonstrates that the olefins in the nano-channels of SBA-15 can be enriched 8 times higher than those in the homogeneous solution as the diffusion quantum yield of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is assumed to be unit. The platinum(II) complex loaded in the channel of SBA-15 is stable, and the photosensitized oxidation occurs efficiently. No obvious degradation and leaching of photosensitizers is observed even after 10 runs. Only a simple filtration is needed for the recycled use of the expensive noble metal catalysts. This versatile system is a good example of photochemical reactions occurring in the mesoporous silica molecular sieve. SBA-15 not only provides a support for the photosensitizer, but also acts as a nano-reactor to facilitate the photooxidation.

To study the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF), with emphasis on its differential diagnosis and histogenesis.Seven cases of GCF were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Six cases occurred in children, and one occurred in a 35 year-old adult (mean 9.4 years). Five were male and two were female. Clinically, all cases appeared as slowly growing painless nodules located in the dermis or subcutis of the trunk and extremities. Microscopically, the poorly circumscribed tumor was composed of a proliferation of slightly to moderately atypical spindle cells which were arranged in parallel or wavy fascicles, and embedded in a fibromyxoid to collagenous background. The pathognomonic feature consisted of irregular distributed cleft-like or sinusoid-like pseudovascular spaces lined with a discontinuous layer of pleomorphic spindle cells and multinucleate giant cells. There was transition in shape between these two cells. Immunohistochemially, both cells expressed vimentin and CD34. Follow-up information in five cases showed local recurrences in two cases.(1) GCF is a distinctive fibroblastic tumor of intermediate malignancy that occurs predominantly in children. Recognizing its clinical and pathological characteristics is important to avoid misdiagnosis with other lesions with similar features. (2) GCF shared clinical, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic features with its adult counterpart-dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). The additional coexistence of GCF and DFSP areas in some primary cases and the reciprocal transformation in recurrent tumors all suggest that they are two closely related entities, possibly representing two members of the CD34 positive dendritic neoplasms.

A one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) is implemented using an on-chip-trainable analog VLSI processor. The one-class classification of highly dimensional sample vectors can be solved with this analog processor. Since the OC-SVM learning mechanism is complicated, a special solution scheme for the learning operation is proposed on the basis of analog computational circuitries and a fully parallel architecture. In this manner, the built VLSI processor achieves a high learning speed and a compact chip area at the same time. By combining multiple OC-SVM processors, multiclass recognition can be implemented with an arbitrary number of classes. The proof-of-concept chip is fabricated for the recognition of 64-dimensional vectors representing real image patterns. Three OC-SVM processors are combined for three classes of samples, where all the on-chip learning operations are accomplished within 0.6 µs. From the measurement results, all the test patterns are correctly recognized or rejected by the recognition system built.

An analog support vector machine (SVM) processor employing a fully parallel self-learning circuitry was developed for the classification of highly dimensional patterns. To implement a highly dimensional Gaussian function, which is the most powerful kernel function in classification algorithms but computationally expensive, a compact analog Gaussian generation circuit was developed. By employing this proposed Gaussian generation circuit, a fully parallel self-learning processor based on an SVM algorithm was built for 64 dimension pattern classification. The chip real estate occupied by the processor is very small. The object images from two classes were converted into 64 dimension vectors using the algorithm developed in a previous work and fed into the processor. The learning process autonomously proceeded without any clock-based control and self-converged within a single clock cycle of the system (at 10 MHz). Some test object images were used to verify the learning performance. According to the circuit simulation results, it was shown that all the test images were classified into correct classes in real time. A proof-of-concept chip was designed in a 0.18 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and the performance of the proposed SVM processor was confirmed from the measurement results of the fabricated chips.

In this work, we fabricated the upconversion inverse opals with hierarchical rare-earth fluoride arrays by inducing NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystal self-assembly inside the voids of a self-organized PS template via the MIMIC method. We induced cubic phase α-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals to assemble in polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystals. After removing the PS colloidal template, highly ordered 3D inverse opal photonic crystals (PCs) hierarchical arrays consisting of densely packed cubic or hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals were obtained. The photonic band structure of the materials can be controlled in a way that modifies the upconversion (UC) photoluminescence by adjusting the macroporous diameter of the NaYF4 photonic crystals. It is found that the photonic stop band can modify the emission band in the spectral region where the overlap occurs, producing a depression in the emission band corresponding to the stop band position, while the photoluminescence lifetime of the Er3+ ions in the inverse opals is also increased.

We report 65 cases of a hitherto undescribed neoplasm that occurs chiefly in children and young adults, and has morphologic features reminiscent of both a fibrous histiocytoma and fibromatosis. The median age of the 65 patients was 14.5 years; two-thirds (67.7%) of the patients were younger than 20 years. The lesion was more common in female patients (46 cases) than in male patients (19 cases). It usually presented as a slow-growing, poorly demarcated dermal or subcutaneous mass that rarely exceeded 3 cm in greatest diameter. Its most common location was the upper extremity (63.1%), especially the regions of shoulder and forearm. Under the microscope, the lesions were characterized by a multinodular or plexiform proliferation of histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells associated with multinuclear giant cells. Differential diagnosis chiefly includes cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, plexiform neurofibroma, fibromatosis, and benign and malignant giant cell tumor. Twenty of the 32 cases (62.5%) with follow-up information were alive and well after local excision, but the tumor recurred in 12 cases (37.5%). In two patients with recurrence, the disease metastasized to regional lymph nodes 9 and 36 months after the initial excision, respectively. Metastasis to the lung or other organs was not observed. We were unable to demonstrate a close correlation between biologic behavior and any specific clinical or morphologic parameter.