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201. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient

Author

Anderson, T. Michael, primary, Griffith, Daniel M., additional, Grace, James B., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Borer, Elizabeth T., additional

Published
2018
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202. Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality

Author

Hautier, Yann, primary, Isbell, Forest, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Caldeira, Maria C., additional, Chaneton, Enrique J., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Dickman, Christopher R., additional, Dwyer, John M., additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pascual, Jesus, additional, Price, Jodi N., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, and Hector, Andy, additional

Published
2017
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203. Out of the shadows: multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W. Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L., Lind, Eric M., Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B., Borer, Elizabeth T., Chase, Jonathan, Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W. Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L., Lind, Eric M., Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B., Borer, Elizabeth T., Chase, Jonathan, Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Stevens, Carly J.

Published
2017

204. Out of the shadows:multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity

Author

Harpole, W. Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L., Lind, Eric M., Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B., Borer, Elizabeth T., Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cadotte, Marc W., Chaneton, Enrique J., Chu, Chengjin, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Harpole, W. Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L., Lind, Eric M., Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B., Borer, Elizabeth T., Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cadotte, Marc W., Chaneton, Enrique J., Chu, Chengjin, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, La Pierre, Kimberly J., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Stevens, Carly J.

Abstract

1. The paradigmatic hypothesis for the effect of fertilisation on plant diversity represents a one-dimensional trade-off for plants competing for below-ground nutrients ( generically) and above-ground light: fertilisation reduces competition for nutrients while increasing biomass and thereby shifts competition for depleted available light. 2. The essential problem of this simple paradigm is that it misses both the multivariate and mechanistic nature of the factors that determine biodiversity as well as their causal relationships. 3. We agree that light limitation, as DeMalach and Kadmon argue, can indeed be an important factor associated with diversity loss, and we presented it as an integral part of our tests of the niche dimension hypothesis. 4. We disagree with DeMalach and Kadmon that light is the 'main' factor explaining diversity, because this misrepresents the causal structure represented in the design of our experiment in which multiple nutrient addition was the ultimate causal driver of a suite of correlated responses that included diversity and light, and especially live and dead biomass, which are the factors that control light depletion. ]5. Our findings highlight that multiple nutrient limitations can structure plant diversity and composition independently of changes in light and biomass. For example, approximately one-third of our sites showed no significant increase in biomass with greater number of added nutrients yet still lost diversity when nutrients were added. 6. The important message is that while light limitation can be an important contributor to diversity loss, it is not a necessary mechanism.

Published
2017

205. Comment on Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness

Author

Tredennick, Andrew T., Adler, Peter B., B.Grace, James, Stanley Harpole, W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott L., Crawley, Michael J., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Orrock, John L., Peri, Pablo L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Standish, Rachel J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wardle, Glenda M., Williams, Ryan J., Yang, Louie H., and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
sampling, nonhuman, priority journal, effect size, biomass production, statistical model, Taverne, grassland, species richness, variance, note, regression analysis, statistical significance
Abstract

Fraser et al. (Reports, 17 July 2015, p. 302) report a unimodal relationship between productivity and species richness at regional and global scales, which they contrast with the results of Adler et al. (Reports, 23 September 2011, p. 1750). However, both data sets, when analyzed correctly, show clearly and consistently that productivity is a poor predictor of local species richness.

Published
2016

211. Does topsoil removal in grassland restoration benefit both soil nematode and plant communities?

Author

Li, Jin‐Tian, Resch, Monika Carol, Schütz, Martin, Risch, Anita C., Graf, Ulrich, Wagenaar, Roel, and Putten, Wim H.

Subjects
GRASSLAND restoration, TOPSOIL, PLANT communities, PLANT-soil relationships, NEMATODE-plant relationships, SOIL conservation
Abstract

Successful restoration of semi‐natural grasslands on grasslands previously subject to intensive management needs to overcome manifold barriers. These include high soil fertility, the dominance of a few fast‐growing plant species, degraded soil faunal communities and missing propagules of the targeted above‐ and below‐ground flora and fauna. A combination of removing the topsoil and introducing propagules of target plants has become one of the major tools for nature conservation agencies and practitioners to reduce soil fertility and restore former species‐rich grasslands in various European countries.Using topsoil removal as a restoration measure has provoked an ongoing debate between supporting nature conservation and rejecting soil protection agencies. Although it favours species‐rich plant communities, it strongly disturbs soil communities and affects physical and chemical soil properties and processes. Currently, there is a lack of long‐term data to assess how restored grassland ecosystems develop and recover after topsoil removal. Here, we used two well‐established bioindicators, soil nematodes and plants, to quantify restoration success of topsoil removal in comparison with alternative restoration measures and target communities 22 years after intervention.The nematode community composition indicated reduced nutrient availability in the restored systems, as was aimed at by topsoil removal. Nevertheless, after this 22‐year period following topsoil removal, nematode composition and structure revealed successful recovery.Plant communities benefitted from the reduction of soil nutrients after topsoil removal as indicated by higher numbers of plant species and higher Shannon diversity. Furthermore, topsoil removal strongly promoted the re‐establishment of plant species of the target plant community.Synthesis and applications. Overall, our study demonstrates how a massive intervention by topsoil removal proved successful in converting intensively managed into species‐rich grasslands. This contrasts with the mild intervention of repeated mowing and removing of the harvested plant material. We show that, in the long run, potential negative effects of topsoil removal on the soil fauna can be successfully overcome and plant communities can develop into targeted species‐rich grassland. Overall, our study demonstrates how a massive intervention by topsoil removal proved successful in converting intensively managed into species‐rich grasslands. This contrasts with the mild intervention of repeated mowing and removing of the harvested plant material. We show that, in the long run, potential negative effects of topsoil removal on the soil fauna can be successfully overcome and plant communities can develop into targeted species‐rich grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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212. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity

Author

Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Wragg, Peter D, Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Abstract

Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist. Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist. Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light. Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network. The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors.

Published
2016

213. Comment on Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness

Author

Ecology and Biodiversity, Tredennick, Andrew T., Adler, Peter B., B.Grace, James, Stanley Harpole, W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott L., Crawley, Michael J., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Orrock, John L., Peri, Pablo L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Standish, Rachel J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wardle, Glenda M., Williams, Ryan J., Yang, Louie H., Ecology and Biodiversity, Tredennick, Andrew T., Adler, Peter B., B.Grace, James, Stanley Harpole, W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott L., Crawley, Michael J., Fay Jennifer Firn, Philip A., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laungani, Ramesh, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Orrock, John L., Peri, Pablo L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Speziale, Karina L., Standish, Rachel J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wardle, Glenda M., Williams, Ryan J., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2016

214. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Wragg, Peter D, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Published
2016

215. Data from: Aboveground mammal and invertebrate exclusions cause consistent changes in soil food webs of two subalpine grassland types, but mechanisms are system-specific

Author

Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., van der Putten, W.H., Duyts, H., Schütz, Martin, Risch, Anita C., Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., van der Putten, W.H., Duyts, H., Schütz, Martin, and Risch, Anita C.

Abstract

Data_OIK-03341.R2.csv contains the data on nematode feeding type abundances and community indices, as well as the data used in the Structural Equation Models of the progressive aboveground mammal and invertebrate exclusion effects on the abundance of bacterivorous, fungivorous, plant-feeding and omni-carnivorous nematode abundance via pathways of plants, soil nutrients, soil microbial biomass, and soil environment in both short- and tall-grass vegetation

Published
2016

219. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity

Author

Harpole, W. Stanley, primary, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Chase, Jonathan, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Williams, Ryan, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Chaneton, Enrique J., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, D’Antonio, Carla, additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, and Wragg, Peter D., additional

Published
2016
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221. Comment on “Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness”

Author

Tredennick, Andrew T., primary, Adler, Peter B., additional, Grace, James B., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Laungani, Ramesh, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L, additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Speziale, Karina L., additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren L., additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Williams, Ryan J., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2016
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222. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

223. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

224. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide.

Author

Prober, Suzanne M, Prober, Suzanne M, Leff, Jonathan W, Bates, Scott T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cleland, Elsa E, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin P, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Mitchell, Charles E, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Williams, Ryan J, Fierer, Noah, Prober, Suzanne M, Prober, Suzanne M, Leff, Jonathan W, Bates, Scott T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cleland, Elsa E, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin P, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Mitchell, Charles E, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Williams, Ryan J, and Fierer, Noah

Abstract

Aboveground-belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1 m(2) plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.

Published
2015

225. Aboveground vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore impact on net N mineralization in subalpine grasslands: Ecology

Author

Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., van der Putten, Wim H., Duyts, Henk, Raschein, Ursina, Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., Busse, Matt D., Page-Dumroese, Deborah S., Zimmermann, Stephan, Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., van der Putten, Wim H., Duyts, Henk, Raschein, Ursina, Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., Busse, Matt D., Page-Dumroese, Deborah S., and Zimmermann, Stephan

Abstract

Aboveground herbivores have strong effects on grassland nitrogen (N) cycling. They can accelerate or slow down soil net N mineralization depending on ecosystem productivity and grazing intensity. Yet, most studies only consider either ungulates or invertebrate herbivores, but not the combined effect of several functionally different vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore species or guilds. We assessed how a diverse herbivore community affects net N mineralization in subalpine grasslands. By using size-selective fences, we progressively excluded large, medium, and small mammals, as well as invertebrates from two vegetation types, and assessed how the exclosure types (ET) affected net N mineralization. The two vegetation types differed in long-term management (centuries), forage quality, and grazing history and intensity. To gain a more mechanistic understanding of how herbivores affect net N mineralization, we linked mineralization to soil abiotic (temperature; moisture; NO3?, NH4+, and total inorganic N concentrations/pools; C, N, P concentrations; pH; bulk density), soil biotic (microbial biomass; abundance of collembolans, mites, and nematodes) and plant (shoot and root biomass; consumption; plant C, N, and fiber content; plant N pool) properties. Net N mineralization differed between ET, but not between vegetation types. Thus, short-term changes in herbivore community composition and, therefore, in grazing intensity had a stronger effect on net N mineralization than long-term management and grazing history. We found highest N mineralization values when only invertebrates were present, suggesting that mammals had a negative effect on net N mineralization. Of the variables included in our analyses, only mite abundance and aboveground plant biomass explained variation in net N mineralization among ET. Abundances of both mites and leaf-sucking invertebrates were positively correlated with aboveground plant biomass, and biomass increased with progressive exclusion. The

Published
2015

226. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., Yang, Louie H., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2015

227. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Published
2015

228. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide

Author

Prober, Suzanne M., Leff, Jonathan W., Bates, Scott T., Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cleland, Elsa E., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Williams, Ryan J., Fierer, Noah, Prober, Suzanne M., Leff, Jonathan W., Bates, Scott T., Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Lind, Eric M., Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Cleland, Elsa E., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Mitchell, Charles E., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Williams, Ryan J., and Fierer, Noah

Abstract

Aboveground-belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1m(2) plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.

Published
2015

229. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, Macdougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Wragg, Peter D., Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, Macdougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Wragg, Peter D.

Abstract

Humans dominate many important Earth system processes including the nitrogen (N) cycle. Atmospheric N deposition affects fundamental processes such as carbon cycling, climate regulation, and biodiversity, and could result in changes to fundamental Earth system processes such as primary production. Both modelling and experimentation have suggested a role for anthropogenically altered N deposition in increasing productivity, nevertheless, current understanding of the relative strength of N deposition with respect to other controls on production such as edaphic conditions and climate is limited. Here we use an international multiscale data set to show that atmospheric N deposition is positively correlated to aboveground net primary production (ANPP) observed at the 1-m2 level across a wide range of herbaceous ecosystems. N deposition was a better predictor than climatic drivers and local soil conditions, explaining 16% of observed variation in ANPP globally with an increase of 1 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 increasing ANPP by 3%. Soil pH explained 8% of observed variation in ANPP while climatic drivers showed no significant relationship. Our results illustrate that the incorporation of global N deposition patterns in Earth system models are likely to substantially improve estimates of primary production in herbaceous systems. In herbaceous systems across the world, humans appear to be partially driving local ANPP through impacts on the N cycle.

Published
2015

230. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Author

Leff, Jonathan W., Jones, Stuart E., Prober, Suzanne M., Barberán, Albert, Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer L., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Knops, Johannes M. H., Mcculley, Rebecca L., La Pierre, Kimberly, Risch, Anita C., Seabloom, Eric W., Schütz, Martin, Steenbock, Christopher, Stevens, Carly J., Fierer, Noah, Leff, Jonathan W., Jones, Stuart E., Prober, Suzanne M., Barberán, Albert, Borer, Elizabeth T., Firn, Jennifer L., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Knops, Johannes M. H., Mcculley, Rebecca L., La Pierre, Kimberly, Risch, Anita C., Seabloom, Eric W., Schütz, Martin, Steenbock, Christopher, Stevens, Carly J., and Fierer, Noah

Abstract

Soil microorganisms are critical to ecosystem functioning and the maintenance of soil fertility. However, despite global increases in the inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to ecosystems due to human activities, we lack a predictive understanding of how microbial communities respond to elevated nutrient inputs across environmental gradients. Here we used high-throughput sequencing of marker genes to elucidate the responses of soil fungal, archaeal, and bacterial communities using an N and P addition experiment replicated at 25 globally distributed grassland sites. We also sequenced metagenomes from a subset of the sites to determine how the functional attributes of bacterial communities change in response to elevated nutrients. Despite strong compositional differences across sites, microbial communities shifted in a consistent manner with N or P additions, and the magnitude of these shifts was related to the magnitude of plant community responses to nutrient inputs. Mycorrhizal fungi and methanogenic archaea decreased in relative abundance with nutrient additions, as did the relative abundances of oligotrophic bacterial taxa. The metagenomic data provided additional evidence for this shift in bacterial life history strategies because nutrient additions decreased the average genome sizes of the bacterial community members and elicited changes in the relative abundances of representative functional genes. Our results suggest that elevated N and P inputs lead to predictable shifts in the taxonomic and functional traits of soil microbial communities, including increases in the relative abundances of faster-growing, copiotrophic bacterial taxa, with these shifts likely to impact belowground ecosystems worldwide.

Published
2015

231. Influence of migratory ungulate management on competitive interactions with resident species in a protected area

Author

Anderwald, Pia, Herfindal, Ivar, Haller, Rudolf M, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Schweiger, Anna K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4200, Filli, Flurin, Anderwald, Pia, Herfindal, Ivar, Haller, Rudolf M, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Schweiger, Anna K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4200, and Filli, Flurin

Abstract

Migratory animals can represent links between protected and unprotected parts of their home ranges. Management of such species outside a conservation area can influence species interactions inside the protected zone. This may result in unintended effects on populations of conservation concern even if they spend their entire life cycle within the protected area. We examined interspecific interactions between three species of large herbivores in the absence of mammalian predators in the Swiss National Park, and assessed whether the population size of the migratory red deer (Cervus elaphus) that is harvested outside the park in autumn and winter affected the two resident species, chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and ibex (Capra ibex). Dietary overlap was high between the three species while they co-occurred in the park, suggesting potential for interspecific resource competition. Particularly the habitat use of chamois was affected by red deer population size, with decreased use of meadows and forest with increasing red deer numbers, and increased use of areas covered by scree. Ibex habitat use was affected by the population sizes of all three species, but effects differed between species and season. Moreover, horn growth in young chamois and the population growth rate of ibex were negatively related to red deer numbers. The results suggest that high population size of red deer negatively affects ibex and chamois through the migratory behavior of red deer between protected and non-protected areas. Effective management of a migratory ungulate species outside the protected part of its range, taking account of its ecology and natural behavior, can thus have positive effects on populations within a protected area by alleviating interspecific competition. However, this requires co-operation between policy makers and hunters, acceptance by local people, as well as flexibility to deviate from traditional management regimes such as supplementary feeding to tie animals to certain

Published
2015

232. Foraging ecology of three sympatric ungulate species – behavioural and resource maps indicate differences between chamois, ibex and red deer

Author

Schweiger, Anna K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4200, Schütz, Martin, Anderwald, Pia, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Kneubühler, Mathias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-585X, Haller, Rudolf, Risch, Anita C, Schweiger, Anna K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4200, Schütz, Martin, Anderwald, Pia, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Kneubühler, Mathias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-585X, Haller, Rudolf, and Risch, Anita C

Abstract

Background: The spatial distribution of forage resources is a major driver of animal movement patterns. Understanding where animals forage is important for the conservation of multi-species communities, since interspecific competition can emerge if different species use the same depletable resources. However, determining forage resources in a spatially continuous fashion in alpine grasslands at high spatial resolution was challenging up to now, because terrain heterogeneity causes vegetation characteristics to vary at small spatial scales, and methods for detection of behavioural phases in animal movement patterns were not widely available. We delineated areas coupled to the foraging behaviour of three sympatric ungulate species (chamois, ibex, red deer) using Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH), a non-parametric utilisation distribution method incorporating spatial and temporal autocorrelation structure of GPS data. We used resource maps of plant biomass and plant nitrogen content derived from high-resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy data, and multinomial logistic regression to compare the foraging areas of the three ungulate species. Results: We found significant differences in plant biomass and plant nitrogen content between the core foraging areas of chamois, ibex and red deer. Core foraging areas of chamois were characterised by low plant biomass and low to medium plant nitrogen content. Core foraging areas of ibex were, in contrast, characterised by high plant nitrogen content, but varied in plant biomass, and core foraging areas of red deer had high plant biomass, but varied in plant nitrogen content. Conclusions: Previous studies carried out in the same study area found no difference in forage consumed by chamois, ibex and red deer. Methodologically, those studies were based on micro-histological analysis of plant fragments identifying them to plant family or functional type level. However, vegetation properties such as productivity (biomass) or plant nutr

Published
2015

234. Bildspektrometrie im SNP: Ökologie trifft Fernerkundung

Author

Schweiger, Anna-Katharina, Rapp, Maja, Kneubühler, Mathias, Risch, Anita C, University of Zurich, Haller, Heinrich, Eisenhut, Antonia, and Haller, Rudolf

Subjects
10122 Institute of Geography, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2013

235. Mammalian herbivores affect leafhoppers associated with specific plant functional types at different timescales.

Author

Vandegehuchte, Martijn L., Trivellone, Valeria, Schütz, Martin, Firn, Jennifer, de Schaetzen, Frederic, and Risch, Anita C.

Subjects
HERBIVORES, LEAFHOPPERS, PLANT adaptation, BIOLOGICAL extinction, FOOD chains, MOUNTAIN plants
Abstract

Abstract: Theory predicts that mammalian herbivores affect the quantity and quality of plants on which they preferentially feed in the short term. In the longer term, they can promote either preferred or less preferred plants, depending on whether preferred plants are adapted or sensitive to grazing. Less clear are the short‐ and long‐term responses of herbivorous insects to mammalian herbivory, and how these responses depend on the specific plants or plant functional types on which the insects feed. We progressively excluded large, medium and small mammals for five growing seasons in two subalpine vegetation types with long‐term differences in mammalian grazing intensity. Short‐grass vegetation has a history of intensive grazing, while tall‐grass vegetation has been grazed less intensively. We tested whether mammals altered the abundance and body size of leafhoppers specialized on specific plant functional types (grasses, sedges, forbs, or legumes/forbs), distinguishing between short‐term (exclosures) and long‐term (vegetation types) differences in mammalian grazing pressure. Furthermore, we assessed whether leafhoppers’ responses were explained by changes in biomass or quality of the plant functional types on which they feed. In the short term, mammal exclosures increased the abundance of grass‐ and forb‐feeding leafhoppers via increases in the biomass of grasses and forbs, regardless of vegetation type. Both grasses and forbs are preferred food plants of mammals. In the long term, the biomass of sedges, which are less preferred by mammals, increased in the less intensively grazed tall‐grass vegetation. This resulted in a higher abundance of sedge‐feeding leafhoppers. The small size of these sedge feeders lowered the average leafhopper body size in the tall‐grass vegetation. Plant nutritional quality did not explain any effects of exclusions or vegetation types. Our results demonstrate that both short‐ and long‐term effects of mammalian herbivores on the biomass of specific plant functional types caused concurrent changes in the abundance of specialized herbivorous insects, which scaled up to community‐wide shifts in insect body size, a key life‐history trait. A plant‐functional‐type approach can thus help to predict how overabundance or extinction of mammalian herbivores impacts on other components of the food web at various timescales. A plain language summary is available for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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237. Does size really matter? The effects of herbivore body size on ecosystem processes

Author

Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, Filli, Flurin, and Risch, Anita C

Abstract

This project is aimed at investigating trophic cascades originating from the successive exclusion of herbivores of various sizes from subalpine grasslands of the Swiss National Park (SNP). Historical grazing patterns in the SNP have developed two distinct vegetation types – heavily grazed short grass vegetation and lightly grazed tall grass vegetation – derived from former land use which differ in vegetation quality, community composition and usage by herbivores. This poster presents some of the methods we use to study how herbivore exclusion affects ecosystem properties and processes.

Published
2012
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238. Does size matter? Effects of herbivore exclusion on soil properties

Author

Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, and Risch, Anita C

Abstract

Although diverse herbivore communities utilise grasslands, many previous studies only excluded the largest animals. Thus, little is known about how smaller herbivores, including invertebrates, affect grassland processes. We find that sequentially excluding different sized herbivores strongly impacts soil properties such as moisture, temperature and respiration. Such changes have potential implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling (e.g. C storage). This poster was presented at the British Ecological Society 2012 Annual Meeting in Birmingham between the 17th and 20th December.

Published
2012
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239. Does size matter? Vegetation quantity and quality responses to the exclusion of herbivore guilds from large ungulates to invertebrates

Author

Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, Page-Dumroese, Deborah S, and Risch, Anita C

Abstract

Although diverse herbivore communities utilise grasslands, many previous studies only exclude largest animals. Thus, little is known about how smaller herbivores, including invertebrates, affect grassland processes. We find that sequentially excluding different sized herbivores strongly impacts vegetation quantity/quality; depending on original grassland grazing pressures. This has implications for ecosystem nutrient cycling (e.g. C storage) and pattern reinforcing feedbacks. This presentation was presented at the British Ecological Society Annual Meeting 2012 on the 18th December.

Published
2012
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241. 'Does size matter?' Poster supplement - Methods of an exclusion experiment

Author

Haynes, Alan, Schütz, Martin, and Risch, Anita C

Abstract

In order to understand how different herbivore guilds based on body size affect ecosystem processes, we designed an experimental setup in the Swiss Alps. Using differing mesh sizes we sequentially exclude large herbivores (ungulates), medium mammals (hare and marmots), small mammals (mice and voles) and small herbivores (invertebrates). The fencing method has the potential to change ecosystem parameters such as air humidity and temperature, soil moisture and temperature and light levels. This is a supplement to go with the poster "Does size matter? Effects of herbivore exclusion on soil properties" presented at the British Ecological Society 2012 Annual Meeting in Birmingham between the 17th and 20th of December.

Published
2012
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243. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Author

Leff, Jonathan W., primary, Jones, Stuart E., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Barberán, Albert, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Firn, Jennifer L., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hobbie, Sarah E., additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Steenbock, Christopher, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, and Fierer, Noah, additional

Published
2015
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244. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., primary, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Anderson, T. Michael, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Brown, Cynthia S., additional, Brudvig, Lars A., additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cottingham, Kathryn L., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Damschen, Ellen I., additional, Dantonio, Carla M., additional, DeCrappeo, Nicole M., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Frater, Paul, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Humphries, Hope C., additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kay, Adam, additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Ladwig, Laura, additional, Lambrinos, John G., additional, Li, Qi, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Marushia, Robin, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John, additional, Mortensen, Brent, additional, O'Halloran, Lydia R., additional, Pyke, David A., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Sankaran, Mahesh, additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, Simonsen, Anna, additional, Smith, Melinda D., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Sullivan, Lauren, additional, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Wright, Justin, additional, and Yang, Louie, additional

Published
2015
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245. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author

Fay, Philip A., primary, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Lind, Eric M., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, Adler, Peter B., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Buckley, Yvonne M., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Feng, Xiaohui, additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Gruner, Daniel S., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Heckman, Robert W., additional, Jin, Virginia L., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Klein, Julia, additional, Ladwig, Laura M., additional, Li, Qi, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Melbourne, Brett A., additional, Mitchell, Charles E., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Morgan, John W., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Wedin, David A., additional, and Yang, Louie H., additional

Published
2015
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246. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., primary, Lind, Eric M., additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Harpole, W. Stanley, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Hobbie, Sarah, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Ladwig, Laura, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Collins, Scott, additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Firn, Jennifer, additional, Hillebrand, Helmut, additional, Pierre, Kimberly J. La, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, Melbourne, Brett, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Morgan, John, additional, Orrock, John L., additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Schuetz, Martin, additional, and Wragg, Peter D., additional

Published
2015
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250. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation.

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, Yang, Louie H, Borer, Elizabeth T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

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