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This invited editorial celebrates the distinguished professional life of Professor Kevin D. Tipton, who sadly passed away on January 9, 2022. Professor Tipton made an outstanding contribution to the scientific field of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism over an exceptional 30-year career. He dedicated his academic career to understanding the response of muscle protein metabolism to exercise and nutrition. The impact of his work is far-reaching with application to athletes in terms of promoting training adaptation, recovery, and performance, alongside clinical implications for injury management and healthy aging. Notable scientific contributions included the first in vivo human study to demonstrate the role of orally ingested essential amino acids in stimulating muscle protein synthesis during acute post-exercise recovery. This finding laid the foundation for future studies to interrogate the response of muscle protein synthesis to the ingestion of different protein types. Professor Tipton's work also included investigating the maximally effective dose and timing (regarding exercise) of ingested protein for the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. Kevin will be remembered fondly by academics, applied scientists, and students across the sport nutrition and exercise metabolism community as a leading researcher in the field, a critical thinker, and an inspirational teacher. His mission was to educate the next generation of exercise scientists by sharing his distinct wealth of knowledge accrued over three decades. Above all else, Kevin was kind, generous (with his time and knowledge), honest, and incredibly social. He was a unique character and will be greatly missed among our community but certainly never forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) has the potential to alter hormonal levels in the body. This study investigates the impact of RIF on hormonal levels among healthy individuals during Ramadan. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published studies were conducted, focusing on healthy non-athlete adults. The intervention examined was Ramadan Intermittent Fasting, and the primary outcomes assessed were changes in endocrine hormonal and biochemical parameters. The pooled effect measure was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Results: A total of 35 original articles were retrieved, with a combined sample size of 1,107 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. No significant relationship was found between pre- and post-Ramadan hormonal levels of T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, Testosterone, LH, FSH, Prolactin, PTH, Calcium, and Phosphorus (P-value<0.05). However, a substantial decrease in morning cortisol levels was observed across the studies (P-value: 0.08, Hedges' g = -2.14, 95% CI: -4.54, 0.27). Conclusions: Ramadan Intermittent Fasting results in minimal hormonal changes and is a safe practice for healthy individuals. The fasting regimen appears to disrupt the circadian rhythm, leading to a decrease in morning cortisol levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) are highly prevalent among females who do athletics, a sport requiring jumping, strength, and running. Although educational approaches are useful options, the educational need for this particular population remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to describe the level of knowledge regarding PFD and its relationship with symptomatology and gender stereotypes in female athletes in Spain. A total of 255 female athletes completed an anonymous online survey to explore their knowledge regarding urinary incontinence (UI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), anal incontinence (AI), and sexual dysfunction (SexD), as well as their PFD symptoms and gender stereotyped beliefs related to sport. Educational level and sports characteristics (training volume, experience, and athletic modality) were also explored. Participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge in terms of POP (52.5%), AI (64.0%), and SexD (40%), but not for UI (70.8%). The proportion of PFD complaints was 63.5% for dyspareunia, 51.8% for urine leakage, 42.4% for pelvic pain, 17.3% for AI, and 9.0% for POP, with no associations with knowledge (p > 0.05). Lower knowledge about UI and SexD was related to greater gender stereotypes (p < 0.05) and rejection of professional healthcare (p = 0.010). As a conclusion, the level of knowledge about PFD was low in female athletes who train and compete in athletics in Spain, mainly with regard to sexual dysfunction. Although 63.5% of athletes had dyspareunia and 51.8% urinary leakages, symptomatology was not associated with level of knowledge. However, a lower level of knowledge was associated with more stereotyped beliefs and rejection of professional healthcare for PFD. These findings confirm the need to design appropriate educational interventions to disseminate information on all the types of PFD, particularly sexual contents. The potential influence of gender stereotypes makes it appropriate to include the gender perspective in these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increasing participation of young individuals in sports necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between nutrition and athletic performance during the critical adolescent years. This introduction sets the stage for an exploration of the dynamic nutritional needs of young athletes, emphasizing the pivotal role of nutrition in supporting growth, energy metabolism, and overall athletic achievement. Current State of Knowledge: The current state of knowledge encompasses an in-depth analysis of key nutritional considerations for young athletes. Examining energy and macronutrient requirements, micronutrient considerations, hydration strategies, and optimal timing of nutrition, this section synthesizes existing research to provide evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, it addresses the unique challenges posed by different sports and the importance of tailored nutritional approaches for diverse athletic endeavors. The evolving landscape of sports nutrition is also explored, with a specific focus on the benefits and potential risks associated with protein and creatine supplementation. Summary: In summary, this article serves as a comprehensive resource for athletes, coaches, and parents seeking to navigate the intricate intersection of nutrition and young athletes. By elucidating evidence-based strategies and addressing the potential drawbacks and risks associated with certain supplements, the article aims to empower stakeholders with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions regarding the nutritional well-being of young athletes. It underscores the importance of individualized approaches, recognizing the diversity of young athletes and advocating for adaptable nutritional strategies that contribute to both immediate performance gains and sustained health and athletic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effectively managing their athletic and academic projects is a major challenge for student-athletes. The salience of the identity they develop in each of these contexts can affect their well-being and is therefore an important variable to consider. Examining these mechanisms in countries and student-athlete support systems other than the United States is also important. Aim: This study aims to both translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of a French version of the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale, the AAIS-FR, and to examine the additive and interactive relationships of the two identities with sport burnout and engagement. Methods: Participants were 359 French student-athletes (50.42% female) who were competing at various levels (ranging from regional to international). Results: Results from analyses using a slightly modified version of the original scale provided evidence of construct (i.e., factor structure) and concurrent (i.e., expected relationships between both identities and several correlates identified in previous work) validity, as well as reliability (i.e., internal consistency) and invariance across gender and sport competition levels of the AAIS-FR. In addition, regression analyses revealed a favourable relationship between athletic identity and sport well-being (i.e., positive with engagement and negative with burnout), no relationship between academic identity and sport well-being, and no interaction between the two identities. Conclusion: While further research is needed to provide additional evidence for the validity of the AAIS-FR, researchers can still use this tool to measure the salience of the two identities of French-speaking student-athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Nutritional status is an established driver of cancer outcomes, but there is an insufficient workforce of registered dietitians to meet patient needs for nutritional counseling. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) afford the opportunity to expand access to guideline-based nutritional support. METHODS: An AI-based nutrition assistant called Ina was developed on the basis of a learning data set of >100,000 expert-curated interventions, peer-reviewed literature, and clinical guidelines, and provides a conversational text message-based patient interface to guide dietary habits and answer questions. Ina was implemented nationally in partnership with 25 advocacy organizations. Data on demographics, patient-reported outcomes, and utilization were systematically collected. RESULTS: Between July 2019 and August 2023, 3,310 users from all 50 states registered to use Ina. Users were 73% female; median age was 57 (range, 18-91) years; most common cancer types were genitourinary (22%), breast (21%), gynecologic (19%), GI (14%), and lung (12%). Users were medically complex, with 50% reporting Stage III to IV disease, 37% with metastases, and 50% with 2+ chronic conditions. Nutritional challenges were highly prevalent: 58% had overweight/obese BMIs, 83% reported barriers to good nutrition, and 42% had food allergies/intolerances. Levels of engagement were high: 68% texted questions to Ina; 79% completed surveys; median user retention was 8.8 months; 94% were satisfied with the platform; and 98% found the guidance helpful. In an evaluation of outcomes, 84% used the advice to guide diet; 47% used recommended recipes, 82% felt the program improved quality of life (QoL), and 88% reported improved symptom management. CONCLUSION: Implementation of an evidence-based AI virtual dietitian is feasible and is reported by patients to be beneficial on diet, QoL, and symptom management. Ongoing evaluations are assessing impact on other outcomes. This study suggests an AI-based virtual dietitian may extend access to evidence-based nutrition support for patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of preparing players and developing their level is of great importance, and it is a comprehensive process that goes beyond the reservoirs of sports training in isolation, but rather seeks to strengthen it with supporting elements, including nutritional supplements. In performing advanced skills in volleyball, including the skill of spiking, as well as weakness in special physical abilities. The research aims to: prepare a training program for functional strength that fits the capabilities of the research sample, determine doses of nutritional supplements commensurate with the mass of the players, and identify the effect of the training program for functional strength accompanying nutritional supplements on special physical abilities and the performance of the skill of spiking volleyball.The researchers used the experimental method (designed by the two experimental groups), the first experimental group practiced functional strength exercises with doses of nutritional supplements, and the second group practiced functional strength exercises in isolation from nutritional supplements. The research sample was selected from the specialized school volleyball players. The functional strengthtraining program was implemented; the researchers concluded the success of the functional strength training program in developing the special physical abilities of volleyball players and the development of the skill of spiking, need for (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) units per week, and a rate of (24) training units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review comprehensively evaluates the effects of physical exercise on oxidative and nitrosative stress, mainly focusing on the role of antioxidants. Using a narrative synthesis approach, data from empirical studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2024 were collated from databases like PubMed, EBSCO (EDS), and Google Scholar, culminating in the inclusion of 41 studies. The quality of these studies was rigorously assessed to ensure the clarity of objectives, coherence in arguments, comprehensive literature coverage, and depth of critical analysis. Findings revealed that moderate exercise enhances antioxidant defenses through hormesis, while excessive exercise may exacerbate oxidative stress. The review also highlights that while natural dietary antioxidants are beneficial, high-dose supplements could impede the positive adaptations to exercise. In conclusion, the review calls for more focused research on tailored exercise and nutrition plans to further understand these complex interactions and optimize the health outcomes for athletes and the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a novel electrochemical sensor using nano-gold particle modified pyrolytic graphite sheet electrodes to improve the detection and quantification of vitamin C content in sports beverages. The electrodes were fabricated by depositing 20–50 nm gold nanoparticles onto pretreated pyrolytic graphite sheets using a spontaneous adsorption technique. Square wave voltammetry served as the main analytical technique for optimizing and testing the performance of the nano-gold modified sensor. Key parameters optimized included supporting electrolyte pH, voltage scan rate and pulse frequency. The sensor gave highly linear detection across a vitamin C concentration range spanning 5–100 μg/mL, with sensitivity peaking under acidic pH 5 conditions. A limit of detection of 1.86 μg/mL was achieved. Recovery testing in spiked commercial sports drink samples yielded excellent accuracy between 97.3 and 104.2%. Additionally, vitamin C levels quantified via the sensor showed close agreement with results from a standard spectrophotometric method, confirming its reliability. This research signifies an important advancement in nutrient monitoring capabilities for the sports nutrition industry, providing a rapid, selective and cost-effective sensor for verifying vitamin contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the development of a novel electrochemical sensor for caffeine detection in sports drinks, utilizing molecular imprinting technology with surface-imprinted nanoparticles. Key to this study is the synthesis of caffeine-imprinted polypyrrole nanoparticles via electropolymerization, which displayed a high specific surface area (25 m2/g) and efficient template binding. The sensor exhibited a notable linear detection range from 30 to 150 µM and a significantly low limit of detection at 2.5 µM. Characterization of the nanoparticles was rigorously conducted using SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis. Optimized sensing conditions were established at pH 5, with a 5 min accumulation time and a scan rate of 50 mV/s, ensuring high sensitivity and selectivity. Practical application was demonstrated through the accurate detection of caffeine in commercially available sports drinks, with recovery rates ranging from 97.6 to 101.5%. This research underscores the potential of molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors in simplifying and enhancing the detection of caffeine in complex matrices, offering a promising tool for health monitoring and sports performance analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing nutrition and food support is necessary for enhancing and maximizing athletic performance in individuals engaged in sports activities. This study aimed to examine the impact of sports nutrition education on combat athletes' sports nutrition knowledge and nutritional sufficiency. This quantitative study used a quasi-experimental design, explicitly utilizing a pretest-posttest control group design. The study included a total of 76 participants, who were categorized into two groups: intervention and control. Each group consisted of 38 athletes. The data were analysed using SPSS. The Independent T-Test and Paired T-Test determined if the data followed a normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were employed if the data did not follow a normal distribution. The nutrition education intervention comprised seven weekly materials sent to the intervention group. The findings indicated significant nutritional knowledge differences (p=<0.001) between the intervention and control groups. Additionally, there were significant differences in the sufficiency of energy intake (p=0.029) within the intervention group. The study's findings indicated that nutrition education significantly affected the intervention group's sports nutrition knowledge and energy intake adequacy. Additionally, the nutrition education intervention significantly affected the sports nutrition knowledge of the control group. Athletes' enhanced understanding will positively affect their ability to satisfy energy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caffeine (CAF) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid in enhancing sports performance, including vertical jump (VJ), sprint, balance, agility, and freestyle swimming performance (FSP). However, whether acute CAF supplementation improves FSP in moderately trained female swimmers has not been well documented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CAF intake on vertical jump, balance, auditory reaction time (ART), and swimming performance in female swimmers. In a double-blind, cross-over design, eight moderately trained female swimmers (age: 21.3 ± 1.4 years, height: 161.2 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 56.3 ± 6.7 kg, body mass index (BMI): 21.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2, and habitual CAF intake: 246.4 ± 111.4 mg/day) ingested caffeine (CAF) (6 mg/kg) or a placebo (PLA) 60 min before completing VJ, balance, ART, and 25/50 m FSP. CAF supplementation resulted in a significantly lower time both in 25m (p = 0.032) and 50m (p = 0.033) FSP. However, CAF resulted in no significant difference in VJ, ART, and RPE (p > 0.05). Balance test results showed a non-significant moderate main effect (d = 0.58). In conclusion, CAF seems to reduce time in short-distance swimming performances, which could be the determinant of success considering the total time of the race. Thus, we recommend coaches and practitioners incorporate CAF into swimmers' nutrition plans before competitions, which may meet the high performance demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In elite sports, athletic excellence demands meticulous performance preparation and a sound health status. This paper overviews the current propositions and applications of pervasive computing and data analytics and our vision on how they should be used in future frameworks to contribute to the optimal balance of athletes' performance and health requirements. Two main areas will be discussed. The first area is Sports Performance Optimization, in which we consider interesting recent advancements in data analytics for performance improvement, equipment design, and team member recruitment and selection. We will also briefly discuss how the betting industry has been relaying and developing sports analytics. The second area is Athlete's Wellness and Wellbeing, which will discuss how wearables and data analytics have been used to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior profiles, sleep and circadian rhythm, nutrition and eating behavior, menstrual cycles, and training/performance readiness. In the final part of this paper, we argue that a critical issue for managers to enhance their decision making is the standardization of acquired information and decision-making processes, while introducing an adaptable, personalized approach. Thus, we present and discuss new theoretical and practical approaches that could potentially address this problem and identify precision medicine as a recommended methodology. This conceptualization involves the integration of pervasive computing and data analytics by employing predictive models that are constantly updated with the outcomes from monitoring tools and athletes' feedback interventions. This framework has the potential to revolutionize how athletes' performance and well-being are monitored, assessed, and optimized, contributing to a new era of precision in sports science and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing awareness of plant-based diets for health and athletic performance, athletes are cautioned that careful dietary monitoring is necessary. Whether commonly consumed plant-based diets are nutritionally adequate for maximal muscular hypertrophy remains unknown. This modeling study assessed the nutrient composition of completely plant-based diets scaled to the caloric demands of maximal muscle mass and strength development in adult male bodybuilders. To model calorie requirements, anthropometric data from bodybuilders were input into the Tinsley resting metabolic rate prediction equation, and an appropriate physical activity factor and calorie surplus were applied. Dietary data from a large cohort following completely plant-based diets were then scaled to meet these needs. Modeled intakes for nutrients of interest were calculated as 1.8 g/kg/day of protein and 2.75 g/meal of leucine, which surpass mean requirements for maximal increases in muscle mass and strength and muscle protein synthesis, respectively. Daily levels for all micronutrients, except vitamin D, also exceeded requirements. Saturated fat levels were aligned with dietary guidelines, although sodium levels exceeded recommended limits. Consumption of larger portions of commonplace plant-based diets, scaled to meet the energy demands of maximal accrual of muscle mass and strength, satisfied protein and leucine requirements without the need for additional planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports foods are designed for athletes, yet their availability, type, and sales have increased over the past decade, likely driven by non-athlete use. This could lead to detrimental health outcomes via over/misuse or unwanted side effects. The aim of this study was to describe sports food consumption patterns and associated drivers, consumption reasons, perception of risks, and side effects experienced amongst non-athletes in Australia. In 2022, n = 307 non-athlete Australian adults (18–65 years) completed an online cross-sectional survey including closed-ended (consumption patterns, factors, and exercise participation) and open-ended questions (reasons for consumption, risk perception, and side effects experienced). Descriptive statistics (frequency and percent) described the sample. Ordinal logistic regression was used for univariate associations and a multivariate model was used to determine relationships between sports food consumption proxy and significant univariate associations. The themes were analysed via inductive thematic analysis using NVivo 14. Females consumed sports foods most frequently, 65% of participants consumed three or more sports foods, and participants with higher sports food consumption/frequency were less likely to perceive risks or experience side effects. The main reason for consumption was protein intake, digestion/stomach issues were the main perceived risks, and the main side effect was bloating. Despite understanding the risks and side effects, non-athlete consumers continue to use numerous sports foods, which appear to be influenced by sociodemographic factors and packaging labels. Tighter regulation of packaging-label information would ensure safer and more informed consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of athletic performance is greatly influenced by nutrition, especially in endurance sports where stamina is critical. German athletes, well-known for their skill in various sports, have long understood the need for individualized dietary plans to support their activities. This thorough analysis looks at the theoretical underpinnings, societal impacts, real-world implementations, and performance consequences of dietary approaches meant to improve endurance in German athletes. By utilizing historical viewpoints, we demonstrate Germany's strong heritage in sports science and nutrition research as we chart the development of dietary practices from antiquated customs to contemporary breakthroughs. We explore the scientific concepts underlying macronutrient balance, hydration tactics, supplements, and meal timing to maximize energy metabolism, promote muscular function, and encourage recovery. Research based on primary data analysis to determine the data using SPSS software and generate results including correlation coefficient, model summary, and ANOVA test between them. Cultural factors shape German athletes' diets; they priorities using high-quality, locally available products and draw inspiration from a culinary legacy emphasizing nutritious grains, lean meats, and seasonal produce. The usefulness of nutrition in training and competing environments is examined, along with the creation of customized nutrition programs based on athletes' particular requirements and objectives. Performance results offer concrete proof of the effectiveness of dietary techniques among German athletes, who often exhibit remarkable endurance, resiliency, and competitive success worldwide. In order to stay competitive and produce podium-worthy performances, German athletes use appropriate nutrition in various sports, including basketball, football, and cycling. Moving forward, ongoing developments in sports nutrition research and technology will present new avenues for improving German players' physical stamina. The overall result found a direct and significant link between them. German athletes are positioned to push the limits of human performance and serve as an inspiration to athletes throughout the globe by adopting evidence-based technique while respecting cultural customs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Strength and Conditioning: Principles for Developing Peak Athletic Performance" is comprehensive research beyond traditional training manuals, providing a revolutionary approach to athletic development. The research navigates the delicate interaction of biomechanics, physiology, psychology, and nutrition while grounded in specificity, overload, and progression. It has far-reaching ramifications, including improved performance, injury prevention, and holistic athlete development. Exploration of periodization models enables athletes and coaches to organize training cycles strategically, assuring peak performance throughout critical times. Sports nutrition focuses on the symbiotic link between food and performance, giving practical insights for educated nutritional decisions. The research comprehensive approach extends to psychological elements, acknowledging mental resilience and attention as essential peak performance components. Evidence-based decision-making is established as a foundational principle, encouraging a culture of continual learning and adaptability. Real-life case studies of successful athletes serve as inspiring narratives, helping others on their paths to greatness. In essence, "Strength and Conditioning" represents a paradigm change in how players and coaches see and approach athletic development as a path to peak performance and enduring greatness. The literature that is currently available suggests that increased muscle strength may be the only way to enhance an individual's performance in a variety of general and sport-specific skills while also lowering their risk of injury during performance. Consequently, within the necessary parameters of each activity or event, sports scientists and practitioners should employ long-term training programs that maximize muscle strength. Subsequent investigations should explore how force-time properties, general and sport-specific abilities, potentiation ability, and injury rates alter when people go from one set of standards or recommended strength phases to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to determine maximizing athletic performance related to elite sports. Peak performance in professional sports requires more than just tough training; it also involves diligent attention to diet. The Role of Nutrition in Elite Sports" dives at the complex relationship between dietary choices and best athletic results. For measuring, the research study used smart PLS software and generated informative results related to them. Descriptive statistical analysis, and correlation coefficients, also show the smart PLS Algorithm model athletic performance in elite sports. This research focuses on crucial aspects, investigating how macronutrients and micronutrients affect energy metabolism, recovery, and overall physiological resilience. The report also looks at cutting-edge dietary techniques used by elite athletes, with an emphasis on personalized approaches to meet individual demands. Overall, the result found that there are positive and significant relations of maximizing athletic performance in elite sports. As the quest for peak performance grows, this research emphasizes the critical significance of nutrition as a cornerstone in the pursuit of athletic greatness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the category of sports supplements, whey protein powder is one of the popular supplements for muscle building applications. Therefore, verification of the sport supplements as authentic products has become a universal concern. This work aimed to propose vibrational spectroscopy including near infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) as rapid and non-destructive testing tools for the detection and quantification of maltodextrin, milk powder and milk whey powder in whey protein supplements. Initially, principal component analysis was applied to data for pattern recognition and the results displayed a fine pattern of discrimination. Partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and K-nearest neighbours (KNN) were exploited as supervised method modelling classification. This process was done in order to respond to two vital questions whether the sample is adulterated or not and what is the kind of adulteration. PLS-DA showed better classification results rather than KNN according to the figure of merits of the model. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was employed on pre-treated spectra to quantify the amount of adulteration in sport whey supplements. Eventually, it seems vibrational spectroscopy could be implemented as a simple, and low-cost analysis method for the detection and quantification of mentioned adulterants in whey protein supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. However, the ergogenic effect of HMB supplementation on endurance performance is still unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to assess HMB supplementation on endurance performance and ...O2 max. This SRMA followed PRISMA guidelines. Three electronic databases were searched (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science [WOS], and Scopus) from inception until April 3, 2023. In this SRMA, human experimental trials, controlled with a placebo group, assessing the effect of HMB supplementation on endurance performance in a healthy population were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42022341790. Eleven studies involving 279 participants met the inclusion criteria. The results displayed a significant improvement on endurance performance (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] 5 0.58 [0.28-0.87]) and ...O2 max (pooled SMD = 0.58 [0.21-0.95]) after HMB ingestion. Moreover, afterthe exclusion of the studies not evenly distributed around the base of the funnel plot, the results continued to be significantly positive in endurance performance (pooled SMD = 0.38 [0.22-0.53]) and ...O2 max (pooled SMD = 0.25 [0.09-0.42]). In conclusion, HMB (3 g⋅d-1) ingestion during 2-12 weeks significantly improves endurance performance and ...O2 max. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of the combined consumption of glutamine and creatine on the performance of cyclists. Eight licensed, active, and trained male cyclists (age: 25.85 ± 9.75 years; height: 174.71 ± 5.18 cm; body weight: 69.81 ± 7.16 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.95 ± 2.97 kg/m²; sports age: 5.28 ± 2.28 years) voluntarily participated in this study. In a randomi zed, single-blind, and cross-over design, the cyclists were randomly divided into 2 groups and performed the functional threshold power (FTP) test by taking glutamine& creatine (SUP) or placebo (PLA) at a 48-hour interval. The Borg Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) were utilized at the end of the tests. Between-group comparisons were analyzed with paired sample t-tests. Cohen's d formula was applied to calculate the effect size. No statistical significance was found in heart rate (HR), cadence, FTP (average power, W, W/kg), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and VAS values (p>0.05). Also, while there was a small effect size in cadence (0.34) and a large effect size in VAS (0.83) in favor of the SUP group, a medium effect size (0.61) was observed in RPE in favor of the PLA group. In GSRS results, no significant difference was observed between the groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that glutamine&creatine coingestion had no acute effect on functional threshold power (FTP) and performance. However, it can be said that glutamine & creatine consumption has a positive effect on muscle pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport and sports research are inherently complex systems. This appears to be somewhat at odds with the current research paradigm in sport in which interventions are aimed are fixing or solving singular broken components within the system. In any complex system, such as sport, there are places where we can intervene to change behaviour and, ideally, system outcomes. Meadows influential work describes 12 different points with which to intervene in complex systems (termed "Leverage Points"), which are ordered from shallow to deeper based on their potential effectiveness to influence transformational change. Whether research in sport is aimed at shallow or deeper Leverage Points is unknown. This study aimed to assess highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports medicine, sport and exercise psychology, sports management, motor control, sports biomechanics and sports policy/law through a Leverage Points lens. The 10 most highly cited original-research manuscripts from each journal representing these fields were analysed for the Leverage Point with which the intervention described in the manuscript was focused. The results indicate that highly impactful research in sports science, sports nutrition/metabolism, sports biomechanics and sports medicine is predominantly focused at the shallow end of the Leverage Points hierarchy. Conversely, the interventions drawn from journals representing sports management and sports policy/law were focused on the deeper end. Other journals analysed had a mixed profile. Explanations for these findings include the dual practitioner/academic needing to "think fast" to solve immediate questions in sports science/medicine/nutrition, limited engagement with "working slow" systems and method experts and differences in incremental vs. non-incremental research strategies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought vast challenges. The lifestyle of residents has been extended from long-term home isolation to outdoor public activities along the periphery of the residential area. In this context, residents have an increasing demand for urban green space (UGS). To achieve a comprehensive perception of landscapes and explore the influencing factors during pandemic, the study administered a survey to assess residents' perceived demand for UGSs in April 2020. The 828 questionnaires were to explore respondents' perceptions underlying the pressure from COVID-19, focusing on the physical-mental response, activity preferences, and overall satisfaction with UGSs. The study found three aspects of experiencing nature, rest and relaxation, and self-improvement are the key factors improving the residents' long-term stay in UGS and the choice of venues for activities. The four categories of rest, sports, entertainment, and watching UGS are the main factors affecting residents' long-term choices and choices of venues. The main categories of people activities are sports, watching, entertainment, and rest. Residents who went to UGS for recreation did not change their psychological health but it could regulate people's emotions and have a positive emotional response effect. The three types of activities – rest, sports, and watching – are the main factors affecting the health of residents in UGS, and the impact of rest is the most important. The critical factors affecting satisfaction are ecological greening facilities, sanitation facilities, infrastructure, amusement, and entertainment facilities. This study could provide a health-activity-satisfaction evaluation for UGS design after the outbreak of the pandemic. Recreational activities within a UGS did not change human psychological health but could regulate people's emotions and have a positive emotional response effect. The three types of activities, such as rest, sports, and viewing, were the main factors affecting the health of residents in UGS, and the rest had the most critical impact. UGS could match the basic needs of outdoor activities for residents. The order of the key factors affecting the degree of satisfaction is infrastructure > amusement and entertainment facilities > ecological greening facilities > sanitation facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional status is an important foundation for the growth and development, physical health, and athletic ability of university athletes. Athletes usually require higher amounts of energy and nutrients to support training and competition, as exercise consumes a lot of energy. In order to accurately evaluate heat consumption and nutritional needs during exercise, this paper designs a method based on optical imaging technology and temperature sensors. Optical imaging technology provides information about blood conditions by capturing the reflection and scattering of light on the body surface during movement. A temperature sensor can measure changes in body temperature to reflect the energy metabolism in the body. Place these two measuring tools at specific positions on the surface of the athlete's body to obtain accurate data. By continuously monitoring changes in body temperature and blood flow, various indicators of energy consumption and nutritional needs are obtained for evaluating energy consumption and nutritional needs in sports. The advantage of this method is that it is non-invasive, non-invasive, and can monitor and record physiological indicators of athletes in real-time. This provides researchers, athletes, and health managers with more precise and personalized methods for assessing calorie consumption and nutritional needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports injury is a common problem in sports activities, which has a negative impact on the physical health and performance ability of athletes. Therefore, this study aims to explore a sports injury prevention and rehabilitation monitoring method based on fiber optic sensors and machine learning algorithms to improve the rehabilitation effect of athletes and reduce the risk of secondary injuries. The study used fiber-optic sensors to monitor athletes' joint movement and muscle activity, and collected a large amount of data related to sports injuries. The data is then analyzed and modeled using machine learning algorithms to identify potential risk factors for sports injuries. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by simulation experiments in the laboratory and in the field. Fiber-optic sensors are able to monitor athletes' joint movements and muscle activity in real time and send alerts when they detect abnormal patterns. Machine learning algorithms can accurately identify potential risk factors for sports injuries and provide guidance for the development of rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive review explores the dynamic relationship between sports, nutrition, and neurological health. Focusing on recent clinical advancements, it examines how physical activity and dietary practices influence the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of various neurological conditions. The review highlights the role of neuroimaging in understanding these interactions, discusses emerging technologies in neurotherapeutic interventions, and evaluates the efficacy of sports and nutritional strategies in enhancing neurological recovery. This synthesis of current knowledge aims to provide a deeper understanding of how lifestyle factors can be integrated into clinical practices to improve neurological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the intersecting fields of data mining (DM) and sports analytics, the impact of socioeconomic, demographic, and injury-related factors on sports performance and economics has been extensively explored. A novel methodology is proposed and evaluated in this study, aiming to identify essential attributes and metrics that influence the salaries and performance of NBA players. Feature selection techniques are utilized for estimating the financial impacts of injuries, while clustering algorithms are applied to analyse the relationship between player age, position, and advanced performance metrics. Through the application of PCA-driven pattern recognition and exploratory-based categorization, a detailed examination of the effects on earnings and performance is conducted. Findings indicate that peak performance is typically achieved between the ages of 27 and 29, whereas the highest salaries are received between the ages of 29 and 34. Additionally, musculoskeletal injuries are identified as the source of half of the financial costs related to health problems in the NBA. The association between demographics and financial analytics, particularly focusing on the position and age of NBA players, is also investigated, offering new insights into the economic implications of player attributes and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A healthy diet is crucial for the health and physical fitness of both traditional sports and esports athletes. The present study aimed to assess the eating behaviors of elite Polish esports players using the QDS questionnaire. Methods: The survey was conducted on a group of 188 men aged 18-29 years, and a proprietary standardized questionnaire for rapid dietary assessment (QDS) was used. A chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis, assuming a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results indicate that the largest percentage of esports players surveyed adhered to the dietary recommendations related to fluid intake (75%), fluid replacement during exercise (72.3%), consuming cereal products (67.6%), the recommended number of meals (62.2%), and adequate hydration after exercise (60.1%). The study found that the most common dietary mistakes were usage of dietary supplements without consulting a doctor or nutritionist (75.9%), low consumption of meat substitutes (66.5%), and inadequate intake of recommended products such as pulses (64.4%), fish (62.8%), vegetables (53.3%), and whole grain cereal products (51.1%). Most study participants were players characterized by low (44.7%) and average (40.4%) levels of following dietary recommendations, as indicated by the nutrition score used. A higher level of rational dietary choices was observed in 14.9% of the group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differentiation of the analyzed dietary behaviors between professional and semi-professional players (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The Quick Diet Survey (QDS) questionnaire used in the study is a valuable and reliable tool for rapid diet assessment. Therefore, the high prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors among esports players highlights the need for nutrition education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate interplay between plant-based nutrition, antioxidants, and their impact on athletic performance forms the cornerstone of this comprehensive review. Emphasizing the pivotal importance of dietary choices in the realm of sports, this paper sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of how stress and physical performance are interconnected through the lens of nutrition. The increasing interest among athletes in plant-based diets presents an opportunity with benefits for health, performance, and recovery. It is essential to investigate the connection between sports, plants, and antioxidants. Highlighting the impact of nutrition on recovery and well-being, this review emphasizes how antioxidants can help mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, it discusses the growing popularity of plant-based diets among athletes. It elaborates on the importance of antioxidants in combating radicals addressing stress levels while promoting cellular health. By identifying rich foods, it emphasizes the role of a balanced diet in ensuring sufficient intake of these beneficial compounds. Examining stress within the context of sports activities, this review provides insights into its mechanisms and its impact on athletic performance as well as recovery processes. This study explores the impact of plant-based diets on athletes including their types, potential advantages and challenges. It also addresses the drawbacks of relying on plant-based diets, concerns related to antioxidant supplementation and identifies areas where further research is needed. Furthermore, the review suggests directions for research and potential innovations in sports nutrition. Ultimately it brings together the aspects of sports, plant-based nutrition, and antioxidants to provide a perspective for athletes, researchers and practitioners. By consolidating existing knowledge, it offers insights that can pave the way for advancements in the ever-evolving field of sports nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition knowledge is an important factor that influences the nutritional status and health of the individual, group or community. Research studies have been trying to develop a reliable tool which can measure nutrition-related knowledge, nutrition-related awareness and its effect on dietary behaviour. Sports nutritionists usually base their dietary interventions on a nutrition education program with dietary guidelines. There are no. of cross-sectional studies for both coaches and athletes, reporting on nutrition knowledge. Achieving optimal physical condition and maximising athletic performance both depend heavily on nutrition. Our diet provides our bodies with the energy and nutrients they need to sustain physical activity, improve muscular function, and aid in recuperation. Any physical fitness program is incomplete without nutrition as it is an integral part of physical fitness. For any sportsman, the dietary goal is to obtain adequate nutrition to improve their health and fitness or performance in sports.4 A carefully organized nutrition program greatly improves athletic performance. Nutritional status is a crucial factor in determining the physical fitness and training of a sports individual. For sportsmen energy requirement or nutrient requirements are high due to their game. As it is known, appropriate nutrition improves the physical performance of the sportsmen. On the other hand, inadequate intake of nutrients leads to nutrient deficiencies therefore leading to poor performance and health problems. Many studies have provided strong evidence that optimal nutrition supports physical activity, recovery and athlete performance. However Apart from less nutritional knowledge, there are several factors such as restrictive dietary intake or excessive exercise which influence healthy eating. In addition, lack of knowledge, zeal to follow a nutritious diet, lack of money and lack of time, can be a potential reason not to follow a healthy diet. Athletes generally rely on their coaches for nutrition-related guidance. So, when coaches have less knowledge about nutrition it can be a potential problem for athletes to follow a healthy diet. In some Cross-sectional studies, it is found that Coaches Play a key role in providing nutritional-related information. However, they were not aware of the importance of nutrition on performance therefore not giving the necessary importance to their diets. Coaches have inadequate knowledge about sports nutrition and their role is critical as they are prime contact for the athletes to know about their diet to enhance their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of professional careers in playing sports has been seen in the recent generation. Ranging from traditional sports to recent e-games, it can be seen that student athletes are not only considering these as motivational factors for education, but also as future career paths. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about the factors influencing college athletes' aspirations to play professionally. The study examines the complex web of athlete decision-making by utilizing the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and analyzing the roles of motivational factors, self-efficacy, affective behavior, and behavioral domains. With the use of structural equation modeling, the study deciphers the intricate links, emphasizing the critical role that attitude plays in affective behavior. It emphasizes how much optimism and self-efficacy shape an athlete's behavior and subsequent pursuit of professional careers. The current research provides a benchmark for future studies exploring student athletes' career goals. This research adds understanding to the knowledge gap regarding the complex decision-making procedures of aspiring professional athletes. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided based on the results of the study, which stakeholders and institutions may consider for student athletes wanting to pursue a professional sports career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural sports depends on many factors, but the complex causal relationship between various factors and the level of rural sports development is not clear. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study aims to examine the driving role of various factors on rural sports development and construct various grouping paths to improve the level of rural sports development in China. The results shows that the area of fitness venues and social capital participation are sufficient conditions for the development of rural sports in China. Resource endowment through government fing, social capital participation and the construction of sports venues and facilities is the key driving factor for rural sports development in China. There are four grouping paths for the high-quality development of rural sports, which are divided into three configurations by combining the grouping characteristics: the state-social capital jointly controlled type driven by economic development and the resource endowment driven by the modernization of the agriculture promotes production and the grassroots organizations that are supported by the advantage of resource endowment. The results of the study highlight the complex causal relationships and key driving factors of rural sports development in China, highlight the differences in rural sports development patterns in different regions, and provide new ideas and guidelines for improving the level and quality of rural sports development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of creatine nitrate and caffeine alone and combined on exercise performance and cognitive function in resistance-trained athletes. In a double-blind, randomized crossover trial, twelve resistance-trained male athletes were supplemented with 7 days of creatine nitrate (5 g/day), caffeine (400 mg/day), and a combination of creatine nitrate and caffeine. The study involved twelve resistance-trained male athletes who initially provided a blood sample for comprehensive safety analysis, including tests for key enzymes and a lipid profile, and then performed standardized resistance exercises—bench and leg press at 70% 1RM—and a Wingate anaerobic power test. Cognitive function and cardiovascular responses were also examined forty-five minutes after supplementation. Creatine nitrate and caffeine that were co-ingested significantly enhanced cognitive function, as indicated by improved scores in the Stroop Word–Color Interference test (p = 0.04; effect size = 0.163). Co-ingestion was more effective than caffeine alone in enhancing cognitive performance. In contrast, no significant enhancements in exercise performance were observed. The co-ingestion of creatine nitrate and caffeine improved cognitive function, particularly in cognitive interference tasks, without altering short-term exercise performance. Furthermore, no adverse events were reported. Overall, the co-ingestion of creatine nitrate and caffeine appears to enhance cognition without any reported side effects for up to seven days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millets have been a staple food for most of the population since ancient times, serving as their daily meal. Millets are the powerhouse of various nutrients and important bioactive compounds. The major bioactive compounds present in the millet are carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignin, and beta-glucan. The objective of this review is to discuss the effect of processing on potential bioactive compounds, associated health risks, and their benefits. The effect of different processing methods on bioactive composition and their degradation are also discussed. The germination of millets can significantly increase the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content. The dehulling operation leads to a reduction in the amount of TPC and TFC. Malting increases the phenolic content while fermentation decreases the total phenolic acids. Even though the phenolic content is reduced during extrusion cooking, the phenolic acids can be retained by controlling the process parameter. Novel processing techniques like ultrasound enhance the TPC and cold plasma reduces the TPC. The microwave treatment enhanced the germination rate which in turn enhanced the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity in germinated millets. Therefore, millet bioactive compounds have immense potential for shaping functional and nutraceuticals-based products that offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition. These foods can be tailored to specific health needs, such as heart health, digestive wellness, or immune support. • Millets are rich in flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins, and dietary fiber. • Processing alters bioactive compounds, impacting nutritional value. • Germination, roasting increase flavonoids, dietary fiber. • Microwave, Ultrasound, and cold plasma influence the TPC, TFC, and Antioxidant activity. • Phenolics show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]