Search

The initial COVID-19 vaccinations were created and distributed to the general population in 2020 thanks to emergency authorization and conditional approval. Consequently, numerous countries followed the process that is currently a global campaign. Taking into account the fact that people are being vaccinated, there are concerns about the effectiveness of that medical solution. Actually, this study is the first one focusing on how the number of vaccinated people might influence the spread of the pandemic in the world. From the Global Change Data Lab "Our World in Data", we were able to get data sets about the number of new cases and vaccinated people. This study is a longitudinal one from 14/12/2020 to 21/03/2021. In addition, we computed Generalized log-Linear Model on count time series (Negative Binomial distribution due to over dispersion in data) and implemented validation tests to confirm the robustness of our results. The findings revealed that when the number of vaccinated people increases by one new vaccination on a given day, the number of new cases decreases significantly two days after by one. The influence is not notable on the same day of vaccination. Authorities should increase the vaccination campaign to control well the pandemic. That solution has effectively started to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the world.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the females presenting with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) for underlying pre-diabetes and to correlate pre-diabetes with the various diagnostic criteria of PCOS. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from March, 2020 till December, 2020. One hundred & fifty one cases of PCOS, ranging in age from 17-40 years, were selected through purposive sampling. The Rotterdam criterion was used to diagnose PCOS, the details of history, physical examination and biochemical investigations like luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glycosylted hemoglobin (HBA1c), prolactin and pelvic ultrasound were recorded on a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 23.42±4.88 years. Mean BMI was 33.27±26.98 kg/m2. Pre-diabetes was detected in 19.2% (n=29) and overt diabetes in 4.0% (n=6) of the women with PCOS. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypothyroidism were reported by 11 (7.2%), 9 (5.9%) and 4 (2.6%) patients respectively. Delayed menstrual cycle was reported by 44.8% (n=52); 27.6% (n=8) & 33.3% (n=2) cases of normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus respectively. Oligomenorrhoea was present in 69.0% (n=20) of pre-diabetics. Moderate and severe hirsutism was present in 44.8% and 10.3% PCOS patients with pre-diabetes. There was no significant correlation between pre-diabetes and the criteria of PCOS diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Women with PCOS are at increased risk of pre-diabetes and other metabolic complications like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia at an earlier age. However, there was no significant correlation between pre-diabetes and the criteria of PCOS diagnosis.

The increased usage of power-sensitive electronic devices has prompted interest in power conditioning solutions, which is no surprise. As a result, some type of compensation must be supplied if power output remains below the standards' prescribed limitations. The UPQC (Unified Power Quality Controller) is one of numerous AC Transmission System families that can control voltage, impedance, and phase angle among other factors (FACTS). This study focuses on modern UPFC systems that have increased power quality efficiency to help utilities reduce voltage concerns. One of the FACTS controls for lowering stress sales effects is a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The quadrature voltage is specified using the UPQC series compensator. As a result, the compensator series never utilizes active power in a continuous scenario. As mentioned in the approach, a low power rating compensator injects voltage to remedy the system's power quality problem. The voltage is decreased and the power factor is raised when the fluid logic controller is used in conjunction with traditional UPQC. Furthermore, the load factor has been improved. The circuit is then imitated in MATLAB / SIMULINK using a fluctuating logo controller.

In this novel numerical investigation, the application of well-renowned numerical technique known as Galerkin finite element method on full form of Navier-Stokes equations presented peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid confined by a uniformly saturated porous medium. The rheological aspects of non-Newtonian material are discussed by considering micropolar fluid. The flow model consists of system of nonlinear partial differential equations with mixed boundary condition. The flow also experienced an externally applied magnetic field. The effects of inertial forces and the results independent of wavelength are obtained by dropping the presumptions of lubrication theory in modelling the governing equations. The numerical solution for formulated problem in terms of partial differential expressions is worked out via Galerkin finite technique in view of six nodal triangular elements. The enhancement in the inertial forces gives impressive pressure enhancement against wavelength while opposed the fluid flow in the vicinity of peristaltic walls of the tube but supported the fluid flow in the central region of the tube. The present results are also compared with the available results after applying lubrication theory and found in reliable agreement.

Aims: To develop and validate a new, simple, rapid, precise, and accurate An Eco-friendly RP-HPLC and UV-Method Development and Validation for an estimation of Favipiravir in Bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form followed by Forced Degradation Studies. Study Design: This was employed for UV-visible (200-400 nm and 400-800 nm respectively) and RP-HPLC method development using C 18 inertsil column and optimization of variables for Favipiravir estimation in bulk and formulations. Place and Duration of the Study: The present work was carried out at Ali-allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa between the duration of November-2020 to February-2021. Methodology: UV-Spectroscopic method was developed for the estimation of Favipiravir in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The solvent selected for the Favipiravir UV analysis was water, the solution in a range of 2-10µg/ml was scanned in the UV region from 200-400 nm and the λmax value was determined. The RP-HPLC method was developed on inertsil ODS-3V C18 150 mm x 4.6mm x 5μ column using buffer pH 3.5: acetonitrile [90:10] as mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and PDA detection at 358 nm. Results: The maximum absorbance was observed at 358 nm. The wavelength 358 nm was selected for further analysis of Favipiravir. The calibration curve was determined using drug concentrations ranging from 2-10 µg/ml. The % recovery for accuracy was 100.50-100.76%. The method was to be precise with a % RSD value 0.51-1.37 and 0.77-1.78 for intraday and Interday respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.0723 &0.219 µg/ml respectively by UV method. The RP-HPLC method was shown to be linear in the 50-250 μg/ml concentration range. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2.186 & 6.626 μg/ml respectively. The method was to be precise with a % RSD value 0.25-1.53 and 0.86-1.68 for intraday and inter-day respectively. Conclusion: Here we conclude that the developed UV and RP-HPLC methods are precise, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible for the quantitative estimation of Favipiravir bulk and its formulation. The developed method can be used by the pharmaceutical industries for the routine analysis of Favipiravir, in particular by UV and RP-HPLC. The main features of the proposed method are economic and eco-friendly with less retention time around 5.0 min.

Purpose: Liver diseases are uncommon in pregnant females but challenging to manage. The present study aimed to determine the etiologies and outcomes of liver disease in pregnancy in a developing country. Methodology: We included a total of 336 consecutive pregnant women with liver disease seen at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center from August 2019 to August 2021. Patients’ baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and outcomes were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Among all the pregnant females, the most common liver disease was acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection (37.2%), followed by preeclampsia/eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes & low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The most common maternal complications were a fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in 14.9% and placental abruption in 11.0%. Fetal complications included intrauterine death (IUD) in 20.8% and preterm birth in 8.6%. The maternal and neonatal mortality rates were 11.6% and 39.6%, respectively. Among the predictors, low maternal weight, low body mass index (BMI), low hemoglobin (Hb), were associated with the increased maternal mortality. Low fetal weight, height, low maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP), low maternal Hb were the independent predictors of fetal mortality. Conclusion: In our cohort of pregnant females in a tertiary care medical center, acute HEV was the most common liver disease, followed by preeclampsia/eclampsia, HELLP, and HG. Maternal and fetal deaths were alarming in this group of patients and demand careful management.

This research explored the influences of entropy generation on bioconvected nanoliquid flow through the porous cavity filled with nanofluid and gyrotactic microbes. The porosity term in the momentum equation is summarized by the implementation of Darcy’s formula through Boussinesq estimation. The novelty of this study is to investigate entropy generation in cavity by augmenting the convection generated by the phenomenon of Brownian motion, thermophoresis of nanofluid flow and the bioconvection due to swimming of microorganisms. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are highly nonlinear and are nondimensionalized through the suitable similarity constraints. The transformed PDEs are tackled via implementation of finite difference method (FDM). The reaction of entropy generation and Bejan number against various quantities like bioconvection Rayleigh number ([Formula: see text]–100), Rayleigh number ([Formula: see text]–100), Peclet number ([Formula: see text]–0.9) and ratio of buoyancy ([Formula: see text]–1) are reported and visualized. The entropies by theliquid friction, heat transportation, mass transmission and microorganisms are focused. Upsurge in Nr (0.3–0.5) and Pe (0.1–0.15) accelerated the maximum of entropy due to microorganism by 7% and 44%, respectively. Here, an increment in Ra, Rb, Pe and Nr affects the distribution pattern of total entropies and Bejan number consistently. The higher Lewis number caused a decrement in the total entropy by liquid friction.

An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.

High performance lightweight structures made of metal matrix composites (MMCs) are in demand for application in variety of industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, automobile, marine, sports equipment, etc. However, uniform distribution of the reinforcement phase to improve the mechanical properties and quality of MMCs has been the challenge for the manufacturing industries. Hence, researchers are focusing on the development of traditional low-cost method of producing metal matrix composites. In the view of above facts, an attempt is made to study the processing and characterization of Si-Al alloy reinforced with zirconium dioxide particulate composites in this paper. Hence, this paper concentrates on experimentally identifying the effect of stir cast and spray forming processing techniques followed by hot pressing on micro hardness, compressive strength, and tensile strength using Taguchi’s design of experiments for aluminum silicon matrix alloy reinforced with zirconium dioxide particulates. From the extensive experimentation on aluminum and silicon reinforced with the ZrO2 powder particulates, it was observed that there was an improvement in selected mechanical properties as the percentage of ZrO2 increased with 13 wt.% of silicon under spray forming processing technique compared to stir cast composites. This may be due to uniform distribution homogenous dispersion, larger work hardening rate, and structure of dislocation tangles around the ZrO2 particulates that occurred during spray forming processing technique. Further, results obtained from the interaction plot, contour plot, main effects plot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) proved to be successful for identifying the optimum processing parameters for Si-Al alloy reinforced with zirconium dioxide particulate composites. Further, this paper also discusses wear study using pin on disc wear testing apparatus on spray forming processed aluminum and silicon (13.0 wt.%) alloy reinforced with the ZrO2 powder particulates based on Taguchi’s design of experiments followed by second order model generation for wear using response surface methodology. Finally, electrode wear study of spray forming processed aluminum and silicon alloy reinforced with the ZrO2 powder particulates using electric discharge machining by varying peak current (A), pulse on time (μs), and pulse off time (μs) using brass, copper, and graphite as electrode material based on L27orthogonal array. The understanding gained from the design of experiments in this paper can be used to develop future guidelines for processing and characterization of Si-Al alloy reinforced with zirconium dioxide particulate composites.

Turkey is within the region where the viticulture has been traditionally practiced since ancient times. The Cappadocia location, including the province of Kayseri, is an important grape production area with its autochthonous grape cultivars and unique tradition in history. Due to viticulture history, this region is rich in vine genetic resources. This survey study was carried out in vineyards areas and residential gardens in 23 different regions of Kayseri province between 2017 and 2019. A total of 174 local genotypes from different locations were determined and were further examined through molecular characterization with SSR markers. A total of 112 bands were amplified by 12 SSR primers, all of which were polymorphic with a 100% polymorphism. The highest number of polymorphic bands (18) was produced by the primer Scu8vv, while the lowest number of polymorphic bands (3) was found in VMC8D3 and VMC8E6. An UPGMA dendrogram was created via scoring the bands and the genetic similarity between the genotypes was determined between 0.63-1.0. In conclusion, a wide range of genetic diversity was determined in grapes of Kayseri indicating an ancient residential germplasm collection that could be used for breeding studies.

Objective: To investigate the students’ perception of insomnia at the university level and to determine the effects of demographic factors on their perception. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Education and Department of English, International Islamic University, from Sept 2020 to Feb 2021. Methodology: This study involved twelve hundred and fifty (1250) university students. The insomnia questionnaire was developed after the exploratory factor analysis. Results: The findings of this study revealed that students at the university level suffer from a high rate of insomnia, but they did not take any steps to address it because they had a neutral perception toward the problem. There was no significant effect of semester-term and the type of department with insomnia (p=0.864 and p=0.648). Conclusion: Students were neutral about their insomnia problem at the university level.

This paper deals with the boundary element method solution of set of parabolic differential equations of heat conducting problems with continuous and discontinuous boundary conditions. Time-dependent terms have been used as a non-homogeneous forcing function by changing a parabolic differential equation into a Poisson's equation. The suggested approach for solving the Poisson equation has been modified which decreases the number of algebraic equations and reduces the computational time. The constant coefficient matrix and LU decomposition provide an economical means for the solution of the concern problem. The discretization of the boundary of parabolic differential equations with respect to (w.r.t.) time is one of the main features of this article. Direct determination of unknown at interior points is also trademark of the proposed method. The method has been supported by examples, which include discontinuous boundary conditions and non-homogeneous forcing terms to highlight its effectiveness and accuracy.

Purpose This study aims to use the thermal non-equilibrium approach to inquire the entropy production and conjugate natural heat exchange in a porous medium. Entropy generation is studied separately for the solid matrix and the hybrid nanoliquid. Design/methodology/approach The characteristic equations are unraveled by applying the finite element method. Mathematical relations are used to calculate the generated entropy for the hybrid nanoliquid and matrix structure. Findings Based on the results, the produced entropy and the viscous friction term associated with the hybrid nanoliquid phase are not affected by increasing the thermal conductivity ratio of the rigid wall to nanoliquid. Moreover, a higher amount of entropy is generated by the thermal gradients in the hybrid nanoliquid phase compared to the solid matrix. Originality/value No investigation in the literature has been reported in this context.

This study was undertaken to investigate depression and anxiety in students due to burdenized curriculum and shortage of time at university level. This study was descriptive in nature. 260 students were taken as a sample and it was drawn from three public universities of Islamabad through random sampling technique. Self-developed questionnaire was used and its reliability and validity had been estimated by Cronbach alpha and exploratory factor analysis respectively. Results of this study showed that majority of the students were agreed that they had depression and anxiety due to burdenized curriculum and shortage of time. They were not able to learn necessary skills that enhance their performance. Most of the students generally expressed anxiety when they were insulted by their parents and peers due to the bad performance in academics. Demographic factors (gender, age & qualification) had no significant effect over the students’ perception about their depression and anxiety at university level.

The main idea behind this study is to examine the impact of role ambiguity and role conflict on job satisfaction. This study also assesses the moderating effect of Islamic work ethics, role ambiguity, role conflict and also examine the mediating effect of job stress between role ambiguity, role conflict and job satisfaction. The questionnaire was used for data collection. 200 questionnaires were distributed among respondent out of which 175 were used for data analysis statistically descriptive statistics correlation and regression analysis were used for testing hypothesis. The finding of this study reveal that the role conflict has a negative relationship with job satisfaction and job stress has an insignificant relationship with the job satisfaction. This study also reveal that the role stressor should be controlled so that an increase in job satisfaction. When both role ambiguity and role conflict increase job stress also increase and the Islamic work ethics has a negative impact on job stress. Job stress significantly partially mediate the relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction.

Background: Kasa is the outcome due to release of obstructed Vayu resulting in the production of abnormal sound, which may be productive or dry. Kasa is one of the primary diseases of Pranavaha srotas, and can cause disturbances in other body functions. Prevalence of cough in India is 5% to 10% while acute cases of cough is 39% and chronic cases of cough is 29% reported in Maharashtra. This research drug is taken to check its efficacy on both the types of cough, dry as well as productive with acute or chronic origin. It has a good palatability and liked by children as it appears as candy. Many studies have been carried out on Kasa with different formulations so far like vati, churna, ghrita but they have no fast and long lasting action with different level of efficacy. Many lozenges are also available in the market but no studies have been done. Objective: Comparative Study on the efficacy of Kantakari lozenges with Vasa lozenges in the clinical features of Kasa by subjective criteria such as Peenasa-(running nose), Kasa, Aruchi-(taste impliedness), kanthkandu(throat itching), kaphnishthivan (Sputum) and objective criteria as adventitious sound and AEC-absolute eosinophil count, TLC-total leucocytes count, and DLC-differential leucocyte count. Materials and Methods: The present study is designed as a Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Study in which total 60 patients will be enrolled. Patients will be randomly divided (by computer generated sequence method) in two with 30 patients in each group. In group A, Vasa lozenges and in group B Kantkari lozenges will be given for 7 days. Assessment of the patients will be done on 3rd and 7th day during study after intervention and post treatment follow up will be taken on 14th& 21st day from the enrolled date. Results: Efficacy of both the lozenges will be observed in subjective and objective outcomes. Conclusion: Kantkari lozenges (trial group) is expected to be more effective than Vasa lozenges (control group) in the management of Kasa as Vata, Kapha are more dominant in the pathology of Kasa in children and Kantakari is a good Vatakaphahar drug added with Pippali to act synergistically.

We derive a singular solution for the rotating counterpart of Lee-Wick gravity having a point source in a higher-derivative theory. We critically analyze the thermodynamics of such a thermal system by evaluating mass parameters, angular velocity, and Hawking temperature. The system follows the first law of thermodynamics and leads to the expression of entropy. We further discuss the stability and phase transition of the theory by evaluating heat capacity and free energy. The phase transition occurs at the point of divergence and the temperature is maximum. Remarkably, the black hole is unstable for a small horizon radius and stable for a large horizon radius., 19 pages, 6 figures, published in International Journal of Modern Physics A