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Background: As operative techniques and the quality of implants are improving, surgical management of diaphyseal fractures of forearm bones in elderly patients is gaining widespread acceptance. Titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) provides flexural, axial, translational, and adequate rotational stability. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of the treatment of diaphyseal forearm bone fracture with TENS nail. Methods: Elderly patients with both-bone forearm (BBFA) fractures in diaphysis were evaluated clinically and radiologically and followed for an average of six months. The outcome was assessed using the Grace-Eversmann scoring system. We followed up with all 25 patients and evaluated them every two weeks until the fracture united. Results: After approval of the ethics committee, twenty-five elderly patients with AO type 22A3 and 22B3 fractures of the forearm bone who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study. The mean age of the participants was 65 years. The average time to bone union was 12 weeks, and the average surgery time was 35 minutes. There was a superficial infection in one case. Most patients had a full range of elbow and wrist movements after the union. Conclusion: The TENS is an acceptable and good tachnique for displaced BBFA diaphyseal fractures in elderly patients. It is easy, cheap, and convenient and gives elastic mobility, promoting a rapid union of fractures and stability, which is ideal for early mobilization. It provides a lower complication rate, shorter surgery time, good cosmetic outcome, and easy implant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue that must be addressed. Aim: The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between serological status for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)/anti‑HBe, serum transaminase levels, and serum HBV‑DNA in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: A retrospective observational study with 620 patients with persistent HBV infection (mean age, 36.35 years; 506 men) was conducted. All patients tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Liver profile, HBeAg, and anti‑HBe antibody tests were conducted for all patients. Additionally, serum HBV DNA was examined using a DNA assay in these individuals. Results: Of 620 patients, 114 (18.39%) were HBeAg‑positive and 506 (81.61%) HBeAg‑negative. A detectable level of HBV DNA was found in 89.79% of HBeAg‑positive/anti‑HBe negative patients compared to HBeAg‑negative/anti‑HBe positive carriers 33.69% (P value <0.0001). The median viral load was significantly higher in HBeAg‑positive cases (4.72 log10 copies/mL) than in HBeAg‑negative individuals (4.23 log10 copies/mL; P = 0.997). Additionally, a higher proportion of HBeAg‑positive samples (P = 0.0001) had HBV‑DNA levels above 10,000 copies/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), the material is eroded due to the generation of spark. It is mainly used for machining the materials which conduct the electric current. In this article, a thorough literature review is carried out to study the effect of control factors on response parameters such as cylindricity, circularity, surface roughness, material elimination rate and tool erosion rate in the profile created. Control factors which can be varied are tool material, voltage, current, Ton and Toff. In this review, a proper study has been done to find the process controlling parameters and the relationship between process parameter variables and optimisation of rate of material removal, rate of tool erosion and surface finish. The working principle, ionisation of dielectric fluid, removal of material, tool wear and overcut have also been considered. A detailed analysis has also been done on the basis of previously published research work linking with variants of EDM, limitations of EDM, work material, tool material, process parameters and optimisation methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminium alloys are extensively accepted and utilised in different engineering applications owing to their better ductility, light weight and low cost. Typically, the use of alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) filler particles has shown significant interest among researchers in the development of different aluminium alloy matrix composites. The formation of stable aluminium alloy composites augmented with the aforementioned nano or micro-fillers showed excellent mechanical and tribological characteristics. The present article shows an exhaustive review on the influence of Al2O3, SiC and B4C filler particles on the prepared monolithic and hybrid aluminium alloy composites physio-mechanical properties. In addition, this review also covers discussion on the tribological properties, that is, wear and friction behaviour of monolithic and hybrid aluminium alloy composites. Finally, the future research directions and probable application domains are provided for the researchers working with aluminium alloy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]