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Summary To understand the mechanism of vibration suppression effected by alternating the running speed of the grinding wheel in cylindrical plunge grinding operation, theoretical and experimental analyses have been undertaken. Based on the growing process of the vibration observed in grinding tests at constant wheel speed, and referring to the previously proposed theoretical model, the onset and the growth of the grinding vibration are discussed in the present study. Theoretical model predicts that the method of alternating the wheel speed will be associated with two different frequencies of vibration that will appear during the periods of grinding at two pre-selected wheel speeds respectively, and they will be caused by the development of two corresponding series of asperities formed as the result of wheel wear around its surface. Above prediction has been confirmed by the cylindrical plunge grinding experiments. Grinding vibration measured for different ranges of wheel speed variation indicates that the greater range up to ±10 % around the average speed consistently reduces the growth of vibration. Another series of experiments revealed that workpiece surfaces are finished by the alternating wheel speed to better quality in terms of the variation in light reflectivity around the circumference.

The control scheme recently proposed by the authors for diffusion processes has been extended so as to be usable for systems with unknown parameters. The extended Kalman filter algorithm was used for simultaneous estimation of parameters and state variables. The performance of estimator and controller was tested in real time in an experimental heat conduction process. The results show that the control scheme is robust and performs well even with few sensors.

Statistical properties of fluctuations of pressure drop across the gas–liquid dispersions on the tray were analyzed using a 215 mm dia. three plates column with different trays. Hydrodynamic regimes of the froth were characterized in terms of the statistical properties evaluated. It was proved that the on-line estimation of the flow behavior of the froth was possible on the basis of the pattern recognition of the power spectral density function of the pressure fluctuations. The time-domain stochastic models for fluctuations of the pressure drop were identified so as to be available for its forecast and simulation.

積層材料内の非定常温度分布を数値逆ラプラス変換の手法を用いて計算した.この方法は, 100枚程度の積層材に対しても実用可能であり, また, 多種類の構成要素からなる積層材に対しても適用できる.温度分布は, 特に時間の小さな所で, 表面の構戒要素の熱物性の影響を強く受け, 均質材の分布とは大きく異なる.このような物質のみかけの温度拡散係数は, 観測時間の他に, 構成要素の枚数によっても異なるため, 一意的には定まらない.

To understand the mechanism of the vibration suppression effected by alternating the running speed of the grinding wheel in cylindrical plunge-cut grinding operation, theoretical and experimental analyses have been undertaken. Based on the growing process of the vibration observed in grinding tests at constant wheel speeds, and referring to the previously proposed theoretical model, the onset and the growth of the grinding vibration is discussed in the present study. Theoretical model predicts that the method of alternating the wheel speed will be associated with two different frequencies of vibration that will appear during the periods of grinding at two pre-selected wheel speeds respectively, and they will be caused by the development of two corresponding series of asperities formed around the wheel surface. Above prediction has been confirmed by the plunge-cut cylindrical grinding experiments. Grinding vibration measured for different ranges of wheel speed variation indicates that the greater range up to ±10% around the average speed consistently reduces the growth of vibration. Another series of experiments revealed that the surfaces are finished by the alternating wheel speed to better quality in terms of the variation in light reflectivity around the circumference.

During an initial search for pharmacologically active principles in red-mold rice, two hypotensive compounds were isolated and identified. The active principles, A-3 and B-1, were fractionated and purified from the EtOH extract of red-mold rice prepared with Monascus pilosus through extraction with H2O, Amberlite CG-120 column chromatographies and high-performance liquid chromatography on an ODS column. A-3 was identified as acetylcholine chloride by comparison with an authentic sample, and B-1, colorless needles of mp 203-205 °C, was proved to be identical with authentic γ-aminobutyric acid. Intravenously administered A-3 (0.5 μg/kg) and B-1 (250μg/kg) produced potent depression of the carotid arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypotensive rats, as did the corresponding authentic samples.

A novel inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) derived from tuna muscle, Pro-Thr-His-Ile-Lys-Trp-Gly-Asp (tuna AI), was chemically synthesized, and its biological properties were investigated. Synthetic tuna AI was found to be chemically and biologically indistinguishable from the native one. Tuna AI inhibited rabbit lung ACE non-competitively with Ki values of 1.7 and 5.7 microM with substrates, hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine and angiotensin I, respectively. This peptide (5.3 microM) also doubled the effect of bradykinin in the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum. The peptide did not show zinc chelating activity and carboxypeptidase A inhibitory activity. Thus, tuna AI was found to be a unique ACE inhibitory peptide with non-competitive manner, differing from many naturally occurring peptide ACE-inhibitors.

An optical method. which is based on cross-correlating the signals of two photo-sensors. is applied to measure the average velocity of solid particles transported vertically by a turbulent air stream. Particle velocities measured by the method showed two interesting features; the relative velocity was smaller than the terminal velocity of a single particle at lower air velocities but greater at higher velocities. and for smaller sizes of particles it tended to depend on the solid concentration as well. An empirical correlation was presented for the average particles velocity and tested with literature data. The average drag coefficients. which were evaluated indirectly from the measured relative velocities and the pressure drop due to solids alone. exhibited significant increase compared with the standard ones.

The control characteristics of the solid flow rate are investigated for a pilot scale pneumatic conveyer. The experimental system is a pressure-type vertical conveyer consisting of a 20mm-I. D. and 5.6m long transport line. Under a constant air flow rate, the solid flow rate was controlled by manipulating a vibrating feeder based on the feedback of the output signal from the hand-made impact flow-meter which was set downstream of the gas-solid separator. The control system was implimented on a personal computer. Since the output signal from the impact flow-meter contained significant amounts of random noise, a Kalman filter was applied as an observer. The controller was designed based on the discrete I-PD control formula. The formula is a kind of partial model matching method developed by Kitamori. Satisfactory control performance was achieved both as a regulator and as a servo-mechanism for the pilot plant.

時間に関する積分の方向を反転した新しい型のラプラス変換を定義した.この積分変換の大きな特徴は, ある時間関数の変換が, 過去の観測データのみからシーケンシャルに求めることができることである.この変換法を基に, オンラインでシステムパラメータを同定する方法を開発した.この方法は, 集中定数系, 分布定数系の両方に適用でき, さらには, ゆるやかな時変系にも適用できる.本アルゴリズムの応用例として, 回分発酵と一次元熱伝導プロセスへの適用例を示した.

On the basis of wall roughness, a simple model is presented to explain the irregular bouncing phenomena of particles in pneumatic conveying. By introducing a random factor to the model, a pneumatic transport process was simulated by Monte Carlo method. The model could fairly well account for the concentration and velocity distribution and the rate of revolution of particles. Even very small degree of roughness was found to have a great influence upon the behaviour of particles.

There are many difficulties for estimating cyanide ion in actual analysis of the industrial waste water. A new analytical procedure has been designed to use a cyanometer in colorimetry. The use of cyanometer simplifies the steps in analysis, though dat a obtained from the direct use of cyanometer to waste water samples are unreliable. The stability of pyridine-pyrazolone reagent in colorimetry was examined and it was found that the mixed reagent solution should not be preserved for more than one day. It has become obvious that chlorine, sulfide, and sulfite ions have some effect on cyanide ion, the reagents for colorimetry, and conditions of a cyanometer.

1) 北海道内5か所の被害粒率を15か年にわたってみると,場所間の相関は認められなかった。このことから被害の年変動の要因は全道を支配するような規模のものでないと言える。2) 札幌市における約20か年の被害粒率の変動を6品種についてみるに,結莢期が互いに近い品種間では相関が認められたが,結莢期の離れている品種間では相関がみられなかった。このことからは,成虫発生量の多少が被害の変動の原因にあるとは考えられない。3) 上記資料において感温性の弱い品種は7月気温と被害粒率の間に負の相関が認められたが,感温性の強い品種ではこの相関がみられなかった。これは7月高温によって成虫発生期が早くなるためであると考えれば理解できる。このことから,成虫発生期と大豆開花期の相対的関係の変化が被害粒率の年変化の一因となっていることが推察できる。4) 帯広市では,品種によって前年9月または当年8月の気温と被害粒率の間に正の相関が認められた。この相関は札幌では認められなかった。5) 最近の2か年は全道的に被害が激減したが,これは成虫発生量激減のためと考えられる。6) 以上のことから被害粒率の年変化に関する要因は所によりまたは品種により異なるものであり,あるいは要因の力が所によりまたは品種によって異なるものであると言えよう。

The mechanism of suspension of particles in horizontal pneumatic conveying was studied by experimental and numerical analyses. It was found from experiment that the particles flowing in the duct were rotating at high speeds such as 1, 000 r. p. s. or more. A model based on the ellipsoid approximation of the particle shape was constructed and was applied to account for the irregular bouncing phenomena of nonspherical particles. Moreover, the real pneumatic transport process was simulated satisfactorily by introducing a random factor into the ellipsoid model.

The treatment of 6-anilinouracils with a mixture of nitric acid and 4-phenylurazole (which is virtually a mixture of nitrous acid and 4-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3, 5-dione (PTAD)) in dioxane gave the corresponding alloxazine 5-oxides exclusively. This reaction involves the nitrosative cyclization of 6-anilinouracils by nitrous acid, followed by the dehydrogenation of the hydroxylamine intermediates with PTAD. 6-Anilinouracils react with PTAD to give the corresponding Michael-type adducts, 6-anilino-5-(4-phenylurazol-1-yl) uracils.

The production of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and its use have increased remarkably due to the rapid development of the electronic and petrochemical industries. HF has a highly corrosive and penetrating action when it comes in contact with organic material, including body tissue. When burns are caused by a high concentration of HF, fatal cases have been reported, even when the contact with HF is only for a short time or on a small area of the body. The causes of death have been reported to be lung edema, mineral disturbance and systemic injury. But no pathological experiments have been reported. In the present study, experiments of HF burns using mice (d.d.Y., 6w, male) were performed, mainly histopathologically and ultramicroscopically. Histological examination revealed that thrombosis occurred in the lung, and that the group in which mice had more thrombi showed a higher death rate. Thrombosis in the lung may be one of the main causes of death by hydrofluoric acid burns. Other organs showed no significant change. Ultrastructural examination of the lungs, revealed that the thrombi were seen in the capillary of the alveolar septa much more than in the pulmonary arteries and were mainly composed of platelets. The endothelial cells in the lungs were injured and had condensed cytoplasm, intracellular edema, or dilation of the intercellular gap. The basement membrane of the capillary was sometimes bared between the strongly condensed endothelial cells, but no platelets directly touched the membrane. Moreover, that no platelets directly touched the subendothelial tissue and the mechanism of the platelet aggregation is interesting. Platelet aggregation was thought to have resulted from the unbalance between thrombogenic factors and antithrombogenic factors in the blood above the surface of endothelial cells caused by endothelial injury. Endothelial cells in the lungs were assumed to be injured by fluoride, directly or indirectly, because the group which showed higher fluorine contents in the lungs showed more severe injury to the endothelial cells and because the fluorine contents in the lung increased much more than that in the other organs which had no thrombi.

Treatment of 6-alkylamino-uracils with excess of diethyl azodicarboxylate gave the respective xanthine derivatives; reaction of 6-amino-5-(1,2-diethoxycarbonyl-hydrazino)-1,3-dimethyluracil with aryl aldehydes also gave the corresponding xanthine derivatives.

Treatment of 6-aminopyrimidines with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione gave the Michael-type adducts, 6-amino-5-(4-phenylurazol-1-yl)pyrimidines; fusion of these adducts with several aryl aldehydes gave the corresponding 8-arylpurines.

Treatment of 6-anilinouracils with diethyl azodiformate led the corresponding alloxazines (benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-diones). This synthesis involves initial formation of Michael-type adducts [6-anilino-5-(1,2-bisethoxy-carbonylhydrazino)uracils] followed by dehydrogenative cyclization with further diethyl azodiformate.

Das aus dem Benzylaminouracil (I) durch Behandlung mit Phosphoroxychlorid hergestellte Chlor-Derivat (II) geht mit Anilin (III) in das Cytosin (IV) uber, das bei der Nitrosierung mit Natriumnitrit in siedender Essigsaure uber die Zwischenstufe (V) ein Desoxytheophyllin-Derivat (VI) gibt.

Das aus dem Benzylaminouracil (I) durch Behandlung mit Phosphoroxychlorid hergestellte Chlor-Derivat (II) geht mit Anilin (III) in das Cytosin (IV) uber, das bei der Nitrosierung mit Natriumnitrit in siedender Essigsaure uber die Zwischenstufe (V) ein Desoxytheophyllin-Derivat (VI) gibt.

Two thermodynamic quantities are introduced: the entropy change due to a variation of chemical affinity from a steady, state. to some other state and the corresponding entropy production. The entropy change is always negative definite except at the steady state and is capable of being a Liapunov function. The phase-plane behaviour of the entropy production along the trajectory generated by kinetic equations is investigated in connection with the stability of steady state. The examples taken on that occasion are the Volterra-Lotka and Prigogine-Lefever models. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic properties common to the oscillating reactions in two-variable system are in general considered with an emphasis on the thermodynamic analysis for the direction of rotation of the trajectory generated by the two-variable kinetic equations.

A unique case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the left pleura of a 7-year-old Japanese girl is reported. The present case was characterized by persistent pleural effusion, and the malignant cells incidentally found in it were the first diagnostic clue. The tumor showed a rare growth pattern involving diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura. Biopsy of the thickened parietal pleura upon thoracotomy revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma largely composed of immature mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of creatinine phos-phokinase MM was most helpful among several types of immunostain for the histopathological diagnosis. Ultra-structurally, thin filaments with primitive Z bands could be seen in some tumor cells. Intensive clinical examination revealed only diffuse thickening of the parietal pleura, which was reduced by chemotherapy. This is the first documented case of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at the pleura. Previous reports of rhabdomyosarcoma arising at unusual sites are reviewed and the histogenesis of this tumor is briefly discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 803 809, 1989.

Although hundreds of thousands of agricultural products are traded on a daily basis, it is less known how imported agricultural products gain consumer acceptance and penetrate a domestic market. This paper analyzes Japanese wine point of sale (POS) data and examines how consumer valuation of imported wines changes with their market penetration. Although there is a considerable variation in sales of wines, previous papers have not accounted for it in their hedonic analyses. The wine hedonic analysis accounted for the variation in sales shows that the retail sales prices of imported wine decreases with their market penetration. The analysis also shows that although consumers pay a premium for wine with a long sales history, this premium is not large enough to compensate for the price reduction brought about by sales expansion. Many exporting counties promote organic farming for environmental conservation. The paper further examines whether consumers in an importing country differentiate between local and imported organic products. The result shows that the premium for imported organic red (white) wines is about 42.996% (8.872%) while that for domestic red (white) organic wines is about 6.440% (1.214%), implying that Japanese consumers pay higher premiums for imported organic agricultural products than for those produced in Japan. Length: 42 pages

Treatment of the Michael-type adducts from 6-alkylamino-1,3-dimethyluracils and diethyl azodiformate (DAD) with oxidizing agents such as nitrobenzene, lead tetra-acetate, and lead dioxide as well as DAD itself caused dehydrogenation, followed by thermal cyclization, to give the corresponding theophyllines. Treatment of 6-alkyl-aminouracils with an excess of DAD gave directly the corresponding xanthine derivatives. Reactions of 6-amino-5-(1,2-bisethoxycarbonylhydrazino)-1,3-dimethyluracil with aromatic aldehydes and with dimethylformamide diethyl acetal gave the corresponding 8-aryltheophyllines and 8-dimethylaminotheophylline, respectively.

Treatment of 6-alkylamino-uracils with excess of diethyl azodicarboxylate gave the respective xanthine derivatives; reaction of 6-amino-5-(1,2-diethoxycarbonyl-hydrazino)-1,3-dimethyluracil with aryl aldehydes also gave the corresponding xanthine derivatives.

Purified triolein (TO) and trilinolein (TL) were oxidized by introducing oxygen at 75°C into the same apparatus as employed previously. In each oxidized sample, volatile decomposition products, especially aldehydes (as the origin of rancid odor), were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, comparing with the products from the corresponding fatty acid methyl-ester.It was observed that heptane and octane as hydrocarbons, 1-heptanol and 1-octanol as alcohols, and heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 2-decenal and 2-undecenal as aldehydes were formed from TO, while pentane as a hydrocarbon and hexanal, heptanal, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal and 2, 4-decadienal as aldehydes were obtained from TL. The precursors of those products, the monohydroperoxides (MHP), and cleavage positions were discussed in comparison with those of methyl-esters. The formation mechanism of the above products could be explained except for heptanal from TO and 2-heptenal from TL (these were assumed to be secondary oxidation products). Further, 3-nonenal (or 2-nonenal), which was expected to be formed from TL, was not found. In the oxidation of TL, formation of 11-MHP was found in addition to 9-MHP and 13-MHP.The relative percentages of peak area were calculated from a gas chromatogram of volatiles derived from TO, and aldehydes accounted for about 67% of the area. The odor of octanal was the strongest. In the oxidation of TL, 2, 4-decadienal accounted for 42% of the total area, and the odor of hexanal was the strongest at each stage of oxidation.