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Investigates Korean speakers' interlanguage system of English intonation and analyzes it as a result of interaction of constraints that determine prosodic phrasing and tone placement. (Author/VWL)

Investigates the general intonation patterns of Korean speakers when they speak English declarative sentences. Findings show the pitch accent often falls on the last syllable of the phonological word in focus, and that Korean subjects exhibit a distinct tonal pattern for phrases similar to the low-high-low-high tone sequence of Korean accentual phrases. (Author/VWL)

[Display omitted] • Root preferential promoters in rice was used for enhancing function of root preferential genes. • Root preferential promoters in rice was more effective to increase grain yield without side effect frequently observed in those by ubiquitous ones. • Enhanced degradation of RNAs in root is beneficial for crop biomass. • Enhanced ability of ROS scavenge in root is beneficial for crop biomass. Root development is a fundamental process that supports plant survival and crop productivity. One of the essential factors to consider when developing biotechnology crops is the selection of a promoter that can optimize the spatial–temporal expression of introduced genes. However, there are insufficient cases of suitable promoters in crop plants, including rice. This study aimed to verify the usefulness of a new rice root-preferred promoter to optimize the function of a target gene with root-preferred expression in rice. osrns1 mutant had defects in root development based on T-DNA insertional mutant screening and CRISPR technology. To optimize the function of OsRNS1 , we generated OsRNS1 -overexpression plants under two different promoters: a whole-plant expression promoter and a novel root-preferred expression promoter. Root growth, yield-related agronomic traits, RNA-seq, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were analyzed for comparison. OsRNS1 was found to be involved in root development through T-DNA insertional mutant analysis and gene editing mutant analysis. To understand the gain of function of OsRNS1 , pUbi1::OsRNS1 was generated for the whole-plant expression , and both root growth defects and overall growth defects were found. To overcome this problem, a root-preferential overexpression line using Os1-CysPrxB promoter (Per) was generated and showed an increase in root length, plant height, and grain yield compared to wild-type (WT). RNA-seq analysis revealed that the response to oxidative stress-related genes was significantly up-regulated in both overexpression lines but was more obvious in pPer::OsRNS1. Furthermore, ROS levels in the roots were drastically decreased in pPer::OsRNS1 but were increased in the osrns1 mutants compared to WT. The results demonstrated that the use of a root-preferred promoter effectively optimizes the function of OsRNS1 and is a useful strategy for improving root-related agronomic traits as well as ROS regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs) are natural, complex, volatile compounds with a potent aroma that are produced as secondary metabolites by aromatic plants. The most dependable method for extracting EOs from various plants is hydro distillation, which is both environmentally beneficial and economically sustainable. EOs are extracted from various plant parts including flowers, barks, leaves, stems, and roots. EOs are used in almost every aspect of life, and the market demand for EOs is rapidly expanding as a result of these characteristics. The chemical composition of EOs varies depending on the portion of the plant. They are crucial to the biological functions of the plant, including its antibacterial action. Thus, they can be used in a variety of sectors to manage molds, different fungi, and bacteria, including food-borne and phytopathogenic organisms, which can result in a variety of diseases in animals and humans as well as post-harvest ailments. In food preservation, EOs have notable cognizance. EOs have been involved in the improvement of mood and are used as an anti-depressant as per folk herbal medicines owing to their fragrances. This study focuses on the biological characteristics of EOs and their effectiveness in newly investigated and created applications, especially in the food, cosmetics, and public health domains. Also, highlights the potential use of EOs in alternative treatments for a range of viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a J-groove dissimilar weld crack visualization system based on ultrasonic propagation imaging (UPI) technology. A full-scale control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) assembly specimen was fabricated to verify the proposed system. An ultrasonic sensor was contacted at one point of the inner surface of the reactor vessel head part of the CRDM assembly. Q-switched laser beams were scanned to generate ultrasonic waves around the weld bead. The localization and sizing of the crack were possible by ultrasonic wave propagation imaging. Furthermore, ultrasonic spectral imaging unveiled frequency components of damage-induced waves, while wavelet-transformed ultrasonic propagation imaging enhanced damage visibility by generating a wave propagation video focused on the frequency component of the damage-induced waves. Dual-directional anomalous wave propagation imaging with adjacent wave subtraction was also developed to enhance the crack visibility regardless of crack orientation and wave propagation direction. In conclusion, the full-scale specimen test demonstrated that the multiple damage visualization tools are very effective in the visualization of J-groove dissimilar weld cracks.

Horizontal cleavage tears (HCTs) are challenging meniscal tear patterns, as they split the meniscus into inferior and superior leaflets, while also involving the central, less vascular portions of the meniscus. Circumferential compression sutures using an all-inside self-retrieving suture passing device like the Novostitch Pro (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA) have demonstrated the ability to create stable repair constructs with uniform compression across both leaflets in the setting of HCTs. Additionally, biological augmentation of meniscal repairs using a marrow venting procedure (MVP) has demonstrated superior clinical outcomes relative to isolated meniscal repairs. Thus, the purpose of this technical note is to outline our procedure for implementing circumferential compression sutures and biologic augmentation using an MVP for repairing an HCT of the lateral meniscus. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute paediatric brain injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Historically raised intracranial pressure (ICP) has been the hallmark for escalating management in acute brain injuries, however there is limited evidence behind this, and no UK approved guidance advocating its use. This article summarises the current role of ICP monitoring within traumatic and non-traumatic paediatric brain injury and discusses the evidence base for different modalities and their uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the anthelmintic potential and membrane stabilization activity of distinct fractions (methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts) using Soxhlet extractor of Randia dumetorum (R. dumetorum) leaf extracts. Paralyzed time and death time as significant indicators were used for monitoring anthelmintic activity of the examined extracts and compared with standard albendazole drug, which is applied against Bangladeshi adult earthworm (Pheretimaposthuma). Human red blood cells were used to prove the efficacy of stability activity of the examined extracts based on hypotonic solution condition, whereas acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as standard anti-inflammatory drug to compare the potentiality of extracts. Among three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/mL) of the examined extracts, the n-hexane extract of leaf showed the best anthelmintic activity (time of paralysis 9.44 min and time of death 22.30 min) under investigation at 40 mg/mL. Significant variation (p < 0.05) was observed when compared with the standard. The chloroform extract recorded the highest membrane-stabilizing activity, which showed the highest inhibition (78.37 ± 0.08%), compared with methanol (50.96 ± 0.05%) and n-hexane (42.86 ± 0.06%). This result was attributed to the existence of the significant content of flavonoids in chloroform extract showing considerable and effective anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, which was compared with ASA (54.59 ± 0.03%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human longevity can be explained by a variety of factors, among them, nutritional factor would play an important role. In our study of Korean centenarians for their longevity, the apparent nutritional imbalance in the traditional semi-vegetarian diet raised a special attention, especially on vitamin B12 status, supplied by animal foods. Interestingly, we found that the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficient Korean centenarians was not higher compared with those from Western nations with animal-oriented traditional foods. We assumed that there might be some unveiled sources for vitamin B12 in the Korean traditional foods. Screening of vitamin B12 contents has revealed that some traditional soybean-fermented foods, such as Doenjang and Chunggukjang, and seaweeds contain considerable amounts of vitamin B12. Taken together, it can be summarized that the traditional foods, especially of fermentation, might be evaluated for compensation of the nutritional imbalance in the vegetable-oriented dietary pattern by supplying vitamin B12, resulting in maintenance of health status.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism. IDH1 mutation (IDH1mut) is the most important genetic alteration in lower grade glioma, whereas glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumor, often has wild‐type IDH1 (IDH1wt). Although there is no effective treatment yet for neither IDH1wt nor IDHmut GB, it is important to note that the survival span of IDH1wt GB patients is significantly shorter than those with IDH1mut GB. Thus, understanding IDH1wt GB biology and developing effective molecular‐targeted therapies is of paramount importance. Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7) is highly expressed in GB, and its expression level is negatively correlated with survival in malignant glioma patients; however, the underlying mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumor proliferation are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP7 is highly expressed and localized in nuclei in IDH1wt glioma. Wild‐type FABP7 (FABP7wt) overexpression in IDH1wt U87 cells increased cell proliferation rate, caveolin‐1 expression, and caveolae/caveosome formation. In addition, FABP7wt overexpression increased the levels of H3K27ac on the caveolin‐1 promoter through controlling the nuclear acetyl‐CoA level via the interaction with ACLY. Consistent results were obtained using a xenograft model transplanted with U87 cells overexpressing FABP7. Interestingly, in U87 cells with mutant FABP7 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes shown by FABP7wt overexpression were disrupted. Furthermore, IDH1wt patient GB showed upregulated caveolin‐1 expression, increased levels of histone acetylation, and increased levels of acetyl‐CoA compared with IDH1mut patient GB. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation of GB through caveolae function/formation regulated via epigenetic regulation of caveolin‐1, and this mechanism is critically important for IDH1wt tumor biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]