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209. The Inquisition of Uncertainty Avoidance Index in the Emanation of Entrepreneurial Development.

Author

Singh, Gajendra, Chernikov, Sergey Urievich, and Singh, Shailender

Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, UNCERTAINTY, RISK management in business, INDUSTRIAL management, INDUSTRIALIZATION, ECONOMICS
Abstract

The uncertainty avoidance dimensions are concerned with nation's cultural ability to bear ambiguity. The individuals with high uncertainty avoidance cultures are tend to be inflexible as well as arrogant. The present study focuses on to evaluate the tolerance for uncertainty and their preference over the uncertainty and ambiguity. Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify factors behind uncertainty and ambiguity among entrepreneurs. Cross-tabulation analysis is used to examine the effectiveness of uncertainty in entrepreneurial development. The specific influence of uncertainty avoidance and ambiguity attributes on academic experience, location, reasons for choice and gender has been attempted to develop an instrument to measure Hofstede's cultural dimensions to evaluate the tolerance for uncertainty on entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

210. Should New Products Use Advertising and Price Promotions Simultaneously.

Author

Singh, Shailender, Sheng-Yeh Wu, Kai-Chi Hsu, and Guan-Ru Chen

Subjects
ADVERTISING, CONSUMER behavior, PRICE increases, PRICE levels, NEW product development
Abstract

This research aims to study how advertising and price promotions interact as consumers with advertising information increases. A rational expectations model shows that an advertising threshold of quality indication exists. Before reaching the threshold, consumers depend more on prices to infer quality as advertising information diffuses. At this stage, advertising and price promotions offset each other's strengths so that they should not use simultaneously. After advertising coverage crosses threshold, consumers gradually tend to use advertising information to infer product quality. At this stage, advertising can reduce negative effects from price promotions and makes price promotions more effective at generating sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

216. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1, and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Pancreatic Juice

Author

Kaur, Sukhwinder, primary, Baine, Michael J., additional, Guha, Sushovan, additional, Ochi, Nobuo, additional, Chakraborty, Subhankar, additional, Mallya, Kavita, additional, Thomas, Colleen, additional, Crook, Julia, additional, Wallace, Michael B., additional, Woodward, Timothy A., additional, Jain, Maneesh, additional, Singh, Shailender, additional, Sasson, Aaron R., additional, Skinner, Verna, additional, Raimondo, Massimo, additional, and Batra, Surinder K., additional

Published
2013
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218. Potentials of Plasma NGAL and MIC-1 as Biomarker(s) in the Diagnosis of Lethal Pancreatic Cancer

Author

Kaur, Sukhwinder, primary, Chakraborty, Subhankar, additional, Baine, Michael J., additional, Mallya, Kavita, additional, Smith, Lynette M., additional, Sasson, Aaron, additional, Brand, Randall, additional, Guha, Sushovan, additional, Jain, Maneesh, additional, Wittel, Uwe, additional, Singh, Shailender K., additional, and Batra, Surinder K., additional

Published
2013
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240. Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Extracellular Matrix Protein Adducts Attenuate Unfolded Protein Response During Alcohol and Smoking–Induced Pancreatitis.

Author

Bhatia, Rakesh, Thompson, Christopher M., Clement, Emalie J., Ganguly, Koelina, Cox, Jesse L., Rauth, Sanchita, Siddiqui, Jawed Akhtar, Mashiana, Simran S., Jain, Maneesh, Wyatt, Todd A., Mashiana, Harmeet S., Singh, Shailender, Woods, Nicholas T., Kharbanda, Kusum K., Batra, Surinder K., and Kumar, Sushil

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have established alcohol and smoking as independent risk factors for recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. However, the molecular players responsible for the progressive loss of pancreatic parenchyma and fibroinflammatory response are poorly characterized. Tandem mass tag–based proteomic and bioinformatics analyses were performed on the pancreata of mice exposed to alcohol, cigarette smoke, or a combination of alcohol and cigarette smoke. Biochemical, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome analyses were performed on the pancreatic tissues and primary acinar cells treated with cerulein in combination with ethanol (50 mmol/L) and cigarette smoke extract (40 μg/mL) for the mechanistic studies. A unique alteration in the pancreatic proteome was observed in mice exposed chronically to the combination of alcohol and cigarette smoke (56.5%) compared with cigarette smoke (21%) or alcohol (17%) alone. The formation of toxic metabolites (P <.001) and attenuated unfolded protein response (P <.04) were the significantly altered pathways on combined exposure. The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins showed stable malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts in the pancreata of the combination group and chronic pancreatitis patients with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption. Interestingly, MAA-ECM adducts significantly suppressed expression of X-box-binding protein-1, leading to acinar cell death in the presence of alcohol and smoking. The stable MAA-ECM adducts persist even after alcohol and smoking cessation, and significantly delay pancreatic regeneration by abrogating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK7 and CDK5) and regeneration markers. The combined alcohol and smoking generate stable MAA-ECM adducts that increase endoplasmic reticulum stress and acinar cell death due to attenuated unfolded protein response and suppress expression of cell cycle regulators. Targeting aldehyde adducts might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol and smoking combined generate the stable aldehyde adducts on extracellular matrix proteins leading to impaired unfolded protein response resulting in loss of pancreatic parenchyma and poor regeneration after pancreatic insult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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