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202. Zooming in on mechanistic predator–prey ecology: Integrating camera traps with experimental methods to reveal the drivers of ecological interactions

Author

Smith, Justine A., primary, Suraci, Justin P., additional, Hunter, Jennifer S., additional, Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., additional, Keller, Carson B., additional, Palmer, Meredith S., additional, Atkins, Justine L., additional, Castañeda, Irene, additional, Cherry, Michael J., additional, Garvey, Patrick M., additional, Huebner, Sarah E., additional, Morin, Dana J., additional, Teckentrup, Lisa, additional, Weterings, Martijn J. A., additional, and Beaudrot, Lydia, additional

Published
2020
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203. Evolving consensus for immunomodulatory therapy in non-infectious uveitis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Agrawal, Rupesh, primary, Testi, Ilaria, additional, Lee, Cecilia S, additional, Tsui, Edmund, additional, Blazes, Marian, additional, Thorne, Jennifer E, additional, Okada, Annabelle A, additional, Smith, Justine R, additional, McCluskey, Peter J, additional, Kempen, John H, additional, Tappeiner, Christoph, additional, Agarwal, Manisha, additional, Bodaghi, Bahram, additional, Nguyen, Quan Dong, additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, De Smet, Marc D, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, and Pavesio, Carlos, additional

Published
2020
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204. COVID-19 and immunosuppression: a review of current clinical experiences and implications for ophthalmology patients taking immunosuppressive drugs

Author

Thng, Zheng Xian, primary, De Smet, Marc D, additional, Lee, Cecilia S, additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, Smith, Justine R, additional, McCluskey, Peter J, additional, Thorne, Jennifer E, additional, Kempen, John H, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, Nguyen, Quan Dong, additional, Pavesio, Carlos, additional, and Agrawal, Rupesh, additional

Published
2020
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205. Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications

Author

Sebastián‐González, Esther, primary, Morales‐Reyes, Zebensui, primary, Botella, Francisco, primary, Naves‐Alegre, Lara, primary, Pérez‐García, Juan M, primary, Mateo‐Tomás, Patricia, primary, Olea, Pedro P, primary, Moleón, Marcos, primary, Barbosa, Jomar M, primary, Hiraldo, Fernando, primary, Arrondo, Eneko, primary, Donázar, José A, primary, Cortés‐Avizanda, Ainara, primary, Selva, Nuria, primary, Lambertucci, Sergio A, primary, Bhattacharjee, Aishwarya, primary, Brewer, Alexis L, primary, Abernethy, Erin F, primary, Turner, Kelsey L, primary, Beasley, James C, primary, DeVault, Travis L, primary, Gerke, Hannah C, primary, Rhodes, Olin E, primary, Ordiz, Andrés, primary, Wikenros, Camilla, primary, Zimmermann, Barbara, primary, Wabakken, Petter, primary, Wilmers, Christopher C, primary, Smith, Justine A, primary, Kendall, Corinne J, primary, Ogada, Darcy, primary, Frehner, Ethan, primary, Allen, Maximilian L, primary, Wittmer, Heiko, primary, Butler, James RA, primary, Toit, Johan T du, primary, Margalida, Antoni, primary, Oliva‐Vidal, Pilar, primary, Wilson, David, primary, Jerina, Klemen, primary, Krofel, Miha, primary, Kostecke, Rich, primary, Inger, Richard, primary, Per, Esra, primary, Ayhan, Yunus, primary, Ulusoy, Hasan, primary, Vural, Doğanay, primary, Inagaki, Akino, primary, Koike, Shinsuke, primary, Samson, Arockianathan, primary, Perrig, Paula L, primary, Spencer, Emma, primary, Newsome, Thomas M, primary, Heurich, Marco, primary, Anadón, José D, primary, Buechley, Evan R, primary, and Sánchez‐Zapata, José A, primary

Published
2020
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207. COVID-19: Limiting the Risks for Eye Care Professionals

Author

Sadhu, Soumen, primary, Agrawal, Rupesh, additional, Pyare, Richa, additional, Pavesio, Carlos, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, Khatri, Anadi, additional, Smith, Justine R., additional, de Smet, Marc D, additional, and Biswas, Jyotirmay, additional

Published
2020
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208. The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Consensus (CON) Group Meeting Proceedings

Author

Agrawal, Rupesh, primary, Testi, Ilaria, additional, Mahajan, Sarakshi, additional, Yuen, Yew Sen, additional, Agarwal, Aniruddha, additional, Rousselot, Andres, additional, Raje, Dhananjay, additional, Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva, additional, Kon, Onn Min, additional, Barisani-Asenbauer, Talin, additional, Kempen, John H., additional, Gupta, Amod, additional, Jabs, Douglas A., additional, Smith, Justine R., additional, Bodaghi, Bahram, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, DeSmet, Marc, additional, Cluskey, Peter Mc, additional, Agarwal, Mamta, additional, Agarwal, Manisha, additional, Aggarwal, Kanika, additional, Agrawal, Mukesh, additional, Al-Dhibi, Hassan, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Asyari, Fatma, additional, Balasundaram, Manohar Babu, additional, Murthy, Kalpana Babu, additional, Baglivo, Edoardo, additional, Banker, Alay, additional, Bansal, Reema, additional, Basu, Soumyava, additional, Behera, Digamber, additional, Biswas, Jyotirmay, additional, Carreño, Ester, additional, Caspers, Laure, additional, Chee, Soon Phaik, additional, Chhabra, Romi, additional, Cimino, Luca, additional, del Rio, Luz Elena Concha, additional, Cunningham, Emmett T., additional, Curi, Andrè Luiz Land, additional, Das, Dipankar, additional, Denisova, Ekaterina, additional, Denniston, Alastair K, additional, Errera, Marie-Hélène, additional, Fonollosa, Alejandro, additional, George, Amala, additional, Goldstein, Debra A., additional, Crosier, Yan Guex, additional, Gurbaxani, Avinash, additional, Invernizzi, Alessandro, additional, Isa, Hazlita M., additional, Md. Islam, Shah, additional, Jones, Nicholas, additional, Katoch, Deeksha, additional, Khairallah, Moncef, additional, Khosla, Amit, additional, Kramer, Michal, additional, Kumar, Amitabh, additional, Kumar, Atul, additional, Nora, Rina La Distia, additional, Lee, Richard, additional, Lowder, Careen, additional, Luthra, Saurabh, additional, Mahendradas, Padmamalini, additional, Makhoul, Dorine, additional, Mazumdar, Shahana, additional, Mehta, Salil, additional, Miserocchi, Elisabetta, additional, Mochizuki, Manabu, additional, Mohamed, Oli S., additional, Muccioli, Cristina, additional, Munk, Marion R, additional, Murthy, Somasheila, additional, Narain, Shishir, additional, Nascimento, Heloisa, additional, Neri, Piergiorgio, additional, Nguyen, Myhanh, additional, Okada, Annabelle A., additional, Ozdal, Pinar, additional, Palestine, Alan, additional, Pichi, Francesco, additional, Rathinam, S.R, additional, Schlaen, Ariel, additional, Sehgal, Shobha, additional, Sen, H Nida, additional, Sharma, Aman, additional, Sharma, Kusum, additional, Shoughy, Samir S., additional, Singh, Nirbhai, additional, Singh, Ramandeep, additional, Soheilian, Masoud, additional, Sridharan, Sudharshan, additional, Thorne, Jennifer E., additional, Tappeiner, Christoph, additional, Teoh, Stephen, additional, Tognon, Maria Sofia, additional, Tugal-Tutkun, Ilknur, additional, Tyagi, Mudit, additional, Uy, Harvey, additional, Santos, Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos, additional, Valentincic, Natasa Vidovic, additional, Westcott, Mark, additional, Yanai, Ryoji, additional, Alvarez, Bety Yanez, additional, Zahedur, Rahman, additional, Nguyen, Quan Dong, additional, Pavesio, Carlos, additional, and Gupta, Vishali, additional

Published
2020
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214. The Historical Evolution of Ocular Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future.

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva, Kempen, John, Smith, Justine R., McCluskey, Peter, Nguyen, Quan Dong, Pavesio, Carlos, Gupta, Vishali, and Agrawal, Rupesh

Abstract

Ocular involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Four key issues historically faced by clinicians when diagnosing and treating ocular tuberculosis – diagnostic uncertainty, naturally heterogeneous presentations, limitations of existing laboratory diagnostic tools, and non-uniform treatment guidelines – continue to test today's physicians. Unparalleled scientific and clinical developments over the past century have greatly expanded the knowledge surrounding this challenging ophthalmic condition. Experience with large volumes of cases at tuberculosis-endemic centres has led to recent growth in knowledge and physician experience, perhaps more so in developing countries. Looking forward, the role of diverse new technologies, including artificial intelligence and proteomics, will advance ocular tuberculosis research. Efforts have been made to address the lack of standardized nomenclature, diagnostic uncertainty, and unvalidated, geographically variable treatment guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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218. Women in ophthalmology.

Author

Cartwright, Victoria A. and Smith, Justine R.

Subjects
*CORNEAL transplantation, *PROLIFERATIVE vitreoretinopathy, *OPHTHALMOLOGY, *MACULAR degeneration
Abstract

The Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Special Issue is dedicated to highlighting women in ophthalmology in celebration of International Women's Day. While the number of women ophthalmologists and trainees has been increasing globally, women are still underrepresented in leadership positions and academic output. The issue features seven reviews on various topics, including the status of women in academic ophthalmology, pregnancy and the eye, and optical coherence tomography biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration. The journal aims to promote gender equality in ophthalmology and encourages women authors to propose new review topics. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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221. Infliximab in Uveitis Treatment

Author

Suhler, Eric B., Smith, Justine R., Wertheim, Michael S., Lauer, Andreas K., Kurz, Daryl E., Pickard, Terri D., and Rosenbaum, James T.

Published
2006

223. Zooming in on mechanistic predator–prey ecology : Integrating camera traps with experimental methods to reveal the drivers of ecological interactions

Author

Smith, Justine A., Suraci, Justin P., Hunter, Jennifer S., Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Keller, Carson B., Palmer, Meredith S., Atkins, Justine L., Castañeda, Irene, Cherry, Michael J., Garvey, Patrick M., Huebner, Sarah E., Morin, Dana J., Teckentrup, Lisa, Weterings, Martijn J.A., Beaudrot, Lydia, Smith, Justine A., Suraci, Justin P., Hunter, Jennifer S., Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Keller, Carson B., Palmer, Meredith S., Atkins, Justine L., Castañeda, Irene, Cherry, Michael J., Garvey, Patrick M., Huebner, Sarah E., Morin, Dana J., Teckentrup, Lisa, Weterings, Martijn J.A., and Beaudrot, Lydia

Abstract

Camera trap technology has galvanized the study of predator–prey ecology in wild animal communities by expanding the scale and diversity of predator–prey interactions that can be analysed. While observational data from systematic camera arrays have informed inferences on the spatiotemporal outcomes of predator–prey interactions, the capacity for observational studies to identify mechanistic drivers of species interactions is limited. Experimental study designs that utilize camera traps uniquely allow for testing hypothesized mechanisms that drive predator and prey behaviour, incorporating environmental realism not possible in the laboratory while benefiting from the distinct capacity of camera traps to generate large datasets from multiple species with minimal observer interference. However, such pairings of camera traps with experimental methods remain underutilized. We review recent advances in the experimental application of camera traps to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying predator–prey ecology and present a conceptual guide for designing experimental camera trap studies. Only 9% of camera trap studies on predator–prey ecology in our review use experimental methods, but the application of experimental approaches is increasing. To illustrate the utility of camera trap-based experiments using a case study, we propose a study design that integrates observational and experimental techniques to test a perennial question in predator–prey ecology: how prey balance foraging and safety, as formalized by the risk allocation hypothesis. We discuss applications of camera trap-based experiments to evaluate the diversity of anthropogenic influences on wildlife communities globally. Finally, we review challenges to conducting experimental camera trap studies. Experimental camera trap studies have already begun to play an important role in understanding the predator–prey ecology of free-living animals, and such methods will become increasingly critical to quantifyin

Published
2020

224. An ancient play comes to the screen for modern viewers

Author

Smith, Justine

Subjects
Antigone (Motion picture) -- Personalities, Movie directors -- Interviews, Patriarchy, Fascism, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: JUSTINE SMITH MONTREAL -- Lead More than 2,000 years ago, Sophocles wrote Antigone, about a young Athenian who goes against the king to bury her brother. Choosing family over [...]

Published
2019

226. Report of an International Workshop to Standardize Baseline Evaluation and Response Criteria for Primary CNS Lymphoma

Author

Abrey, Lauren E., Batchelor, Tracy T., Ferreri, Andrés J.M., Gospodarowicz, Mary, Pulczynski, Elisa J., Zucca, Emanuele, Smith, Justine R., Korfel, Agnieszka, Soussain, Carole, DeAngelis, Lisa M., Neuwelt, Edward A., OʼNeill, Brian Patrick, Thiel, Eckhard, Shenkier, Tamara, Graus, Fransesc, van den Bent, Martin, Seymour, John F., Poortmans, Philip, Armitage, James O., and Cavalli, Franco

Published
2005
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228. A Locus On Chromosome 9p Predisposes to a Specific Disease Manifestation, Acute Anterior Uveitis, in Ankylosing Spondylitis, a Genetically Complex, Multisystem, Inflammatory Disease

Author

Martin, Tammy M., Zhang, Ge, Luo, Jingchun, Jin, Li, Doyle, Trudy M., Rajska, Barbara M., Coffman, Jessica E., Smith, Justine R., Becker, Matthias D., Mackensen, Friederike, Khan, Muhammad A., Levinson, Ralph D., Schumacher, H. Ralph, Wade, N. Kevin, Rosenbaum, James T., and Reveille, John D.

Published
2005

229. Posterior segment findings by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and clinical associations in active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Author

Oliver, Genevieve F., Ferreira, Lisia Barros, Vieira, Barbara R., Arruda, Sigrid, Araújo, Michelle, Carr, Jillian M., Smith, Justine R., and Furtado, João M.

Subjects
OPTICAL coherence tomography, HIV infections, VISUAL acuity, PARASITIC diseases, FREQUENCY spectra
Abstract

Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is a common, potentially blinding parasitic infection. We sought to define the spectrum and frequency of signs of active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to identify clinical associations. Ninety eyes of 90 individuals presenting consecutively to a tertiary referral uveitis service with active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis and gradable SD-OCT scans were evaluated prospectively. SD-OCT features were collated, and associations with lesion location, primary versus recurrent episode, serological status, human immunodeficiency virus infection and best-corrected Snellen visual acuity were explored. Active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis presented with thickened (65%) and hyperreflective (61%) retina, choroidal thickening (55%) and hyporeflectivity (61%), hyperreflective vitreous dots (80%) and deposits (36%), and posterior hyaloid thickening (35%) on SD-OCT. Most signs occurred with similar frequency across clinical groups. Retinal hyporeflectivity (17%) was significantly associated with a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse at resolution. Our observations demonstrate that active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis has diverse SD-OCT signs and that none are universally present. Retinal hyporeflectivity—suggesting liquefactive necrosis—predicts poor visual outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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238. Proud moments

Author

Burge, Karen and Dineen-Smith, Justine

Published
2003

244. Direct and Indirect Effects of Human-Induced Fear in a Carnivore Community

Author

Smith, Justine Alyssa, Wilmers, Christopher C1, Smith, Justine Alyssa, Smith, Justine Alyssa, Wilmers, Christopher C1, and Smith, Justine Alyssa

Abstract

Human-induced fear in wildlife has the potential to impact animal behavior, survival, and species interactions through both direct and indirect effects. Risk-avoidance responses to fear can alter the way animals use space and resources, directly influencing their individual success and role in their ecological community. To understand ecological dynamics in systems increasingly modified and dominated by humans, a richer understanding is needed regarding the magnitude of human-induced fear in wildlife and the extent of its cascading effects.Large carnivores act as keystone predators in many ecosystems by limiting populations of large herbivores and mesocarnivores. The loss of large carnivores can trigger trophic cascades that restructure ecological communities. However, maintaining populations of large carnivores may not be enough if human disturbances restrict the ability for carnivores to continue their functional roles. Optimal coexistence scenarios between humans and carnivores should include minimizing behavioral impacts on carnivores and preserving species interactions.In this dissertation, I examine the nature and magnitude of human disturbances on carnivore behavior and the indirect effects of their human-induced fear. In particular, I investigate puma risk-foraging tradeoffs and their relationship to prey species on a gradient of human disturbance. I also explore the impacts of human-induced activity shifts in mesocarnivores on dietary niche partitioning. Finally, I apply my understanding of puma movement behavior and human risk-avoidance to prioritize developable lands for conservation. I conducting this work, I used or developed novel methods in citizen science, DNA metabarcoding, playback experiments, spatial analysis, and conservation planning.The results of my work indicate that humans can cause substantial risk-foraging tradeoffs in pumas, both at the immediate and landscape scale. This causes pumas to kill more deer per year when exposed to greater di

Published
2017

245. Fear of the human 'super predator' reduces feeding time in large carnivores.

Author

Smith, Justine A, Smith, Justine A, Suraci, Justin P, Clinchy, Michael, Crawford, Ayana, Roberts, Devin, Zanette, Liana Y, Wilmers, Christopher C, Smith, Justine A, Smith, Justine A, Suraci, Justin P, Clinchy, Michael, Crawford, Ayana, Roberts, Devin, Zanette, Liana Y, and Wilmers, Christopher C

Abstract

Large carnivores' fear of the human 'super predator' has the potential to alter their feeding behaviour and result in human-induced trophic cascades. However, it has yet to be experimentally tested if large carnivores perceive humans as predators and react strongly enough to have cascading effects on their prey. We conducted a predator playback experiment exposing pumas to predator (human) and non-predator control (frog) sounds at puma feeding sites to measure immediate fear responses to humans and the subsequent impacts on feeding. We found that pumas fled more frequently, took longer to return, and reduced their overall feeding time by more than half in response to hearing the human 'super predator'. Combined with our previous work showing higher kill rates of deer in more urbanized landscapes, this study reveals that fear is the mechanism driving an ecological cascade from humans to increased puma predation on deer. By demonstrating that the fear of humans can cause a strong reduction in feeding by pumas, our results support that non-consumptive forms of human disturbance may alter the ecological role of large carnivores.

Published
2017

246. Recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis from the International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis.

Author

Hiroshi Takase, Acharya, Nisha R., Babu, Kalpana, Bodaghi, Bahram, Khairallah, Moncef, McCluskey, Peter J., Tesavibul, Nattaporn, Thorne, Jennifer E., Tugal-Tutkun, Ilknur, Yamamoto, Joyce H., Rao, Narsing A., Smith, Justine R., and Manabu Mochizuki

Abstract

Aims To establish expert recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis (OS). Methods A question-based survey on the management of OS was circulated to international uveitis experts (members of the International Uveitis Study Group and the International Ocular Inflammation Society) electronically. Subsequently, a consensus workshop was conducted at the 7th International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) in June 2019 in Sapporo, Japan as part of the Global Ocular Inflammation Workshops. Statements on the management of OS that were supported by a twothirds majority of 10 international panel members of the workshop, after discussion and voting, were taken as consensus agreement. Results A total of 98 participants from 29 countries responded to the questionnaire survey. The subsequent consensus workshop established recommendations for the management of OS in five sections. The first section concerned evaluation and monitoring of inflammation. The second, third and fourth sections described ocular manifestations that were indications for treatment, and the management of anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis and posterior uveitis. In the fifth section, the use of systemic corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressive drugs were detailed. Conclusions Recommendations for management of OS were formulated through an IWOS consensus workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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