Search

When using an accelerating metal-lamellar cylindrical lens to increase the signal level towards the remote subscriber of the wireless access system, a shadowing effect can be exerted on users outside the main lobe of the radiation pattern of this lens. The report presents the results of an experimental study of the field structure in the azimuth directions, different from the axis of the lens, oriented to the priority subscriber. The characteristics of the developed and manufactured software-hardware model, including metal-lamellar lens; a device for generating a data packet and emitting a signal; set of receiving sensors; the necessary software for the collection and processing of results. The measurements carried out under typical conditions showed that the “shading” sector estimated by (signal + noise) / noise ratio for the lens starts at about 6° with respect to the lens axis and ends at 30°.

This paper examines the effectiveness of technology using jet grouting. This technology is commonly used to strengthening the weak soil bases of buildings in dense urban areas. The paper presents the calculation research methodology and results of the effectiveness of this method on the example of shopping malls in St. Petersburg. Frame type buildings, having numerous cracks in the floor slabs, are considered. Bearing elements of these buildings are the columns, based on the individual pile foundations. Concrete floor slabs are supported by soil base. In the calculations, the soil base was modeled by volumetric finite elements and concrete floor slabs – by plate finite elements. Cement-soil elements (pillars) were modeled also by volumetric finite elements with different deformation modulus. It can be concluded from the calculation results that the above technique is effective in the presence of the weak soil layers and the increase in the modulus of cement-soil elements more than 400 MPa is impractical., В данной статье рассматривается эффективность использования технологии струйной цементации. Эта технология часто используется для закрепления слабых грунтовых оснований зданий в условиях плотной городской застройки. В статье приводятся методика расчета и результаты исследований эффективности этого метода на примере торговых центров в Санкт-Петербурге. Рассматриваются здания каркасного типа, имеющие многочисленные трещины в плитах пола. Несущими элементами таких зданий являются колонны, установленные на отдельные свайные фундаменты. Бетонные плиты пола опираются на грунтовое основание. В расчетах, грунтовое основание моделируется объемными конечными элементами, а бетонные плиты пола – плитными конечными элементами. Цементогрунтовые элементы (столбы) моделируются объемными конечными элементами с различными значениями модуля деформации. По результатам расчетов можно сделать вывод, что данная рассмотренная технология эффективна при наличии слабых слоев грунта и увеличение модуля деформации цементогрунтовых элементов свыше 400 МПа – нецелесообразно.

The paper describes a new developed approach to CNC-controlled multi-axis systems geometric errors compensation based on optimal error correction strategy. Multi-axis CNC-controlled systems – machine-tools and CMM‘s are the basis of modern engineering industry. Similar design principles of both technological and measurement equipment allow usage of similar approaches to precision management. The approach based on geometric errors compensation are widely used at present time. The paper describes a system for compensation of geometric errors of multi-axis equipment based on the new approach. The hardware basis of the developed system is a multi-function laser interferometer. The principles of system‘s implementation, results of measurements and system's functioning simulation are described. The effectiveness of application of described principles to multi-axis equipment of different sizes and purposes for different machining directions and zones within workspace is presented. The concepts of optimal correction strategy is introduced and dynamic accuracy control is proposed.

We examine how regional-level political influence affects firm financial performance and survival. Combining representative survey data on mid-sized manufacturing firms in Russia with official registry data, we find that politically influential firms exhibit higher profitability and retain larger financial investments than non-influential firms. At the same time, we find no association between regional political influence and access to bank lending. Most importantly, our empirical analysis suggests that the benefits of influence may be transient. Influential firms experienced significantly lower growth during our 2004–2010 sample period than non-influential firms. Moreover, influential firms had a significantly higher probability of going bankrupt after the 2008 global financial crisis than non-influential firms.

Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Niño phase at the beginning of the year to a cool La Niña phase by July contributed to many notable events, ranging from record wetness across much of Australia to historically low Eastern Pacific basin and near-record high North Atlantic basin hurricane activity. The remaining five main hurricane basins experienced below- to well-below-normal tropical cyclone activity. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was a major driver of Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns during 2009/10 winter and again in late 2010. It contributed to record snowfall and unusually low temperatures over much of northern Eurasia and parts of the United States, while bringing above-normal temperatures to the high northern latitudes. The February Arctic Oscillation Index value was the most negative since records began in 1950. The 2010 average global land and ocean surface temperature was among the two warmest years on record. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate of lower latitudes. The eastern and tropical Pacific Ocean cooled about 1°C from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the transition from the 2009/10 El Niño to the 2010/11 La Niña. Ocean heat fluxes contributed to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for the past several years have reached values consistently higher than for all prior times in the record, demonstrating the dominant role of the ocean in the Earth's energy budget. Deep and abyssal waters of Antarctic origin have also trended warmer on average since the early 1990s. Lower tropospheric temperatures typically lag ENSO surface fluctuations by two to four months, thus the 2010 temperature was dominated by the warm phase El Niño conditions that occurred during the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 and was second warmest on record. The stratosphere continued to be anomalously cool. Annual global precipitation over land areas was about five percent above normal. Precipitation over the ocean was drier than normal after a wet year in 2009. Overall, saltier (higher evaporation) regions of the ocean surface continue to be anomalously salty, and fresher (higher precipitation) regions continue to be anomalously fresh. This salinity pattern, which has held since at least 2004, suggests an increase in the hydrological cycle. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic were significantly different than those in the Antarctic during the year. The annual minimum ice extent in the Arctic—reached in September—was the third lowest on record since 1979. In the Antarctic, zonally averaged sea ice extent reached an all-time record maximum from mid-June through late August and again from mid-November through early December. Corresponding record positive Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode Indices influenced the Antarctic sea ice extents. Greenland glaciers lost more mass than any other year in the decade-long record. The Greenland Ice Sheet lost a record amount of mass, as the melt rate was the highest since at least 1958, and the area and duration of the melting was greater than any year since at least 1978. High summer air temperatures and a longer melt season also caused a continued increase in the rate of ice mass loss from small glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Coastal sites in Alaska show continuous permafrost warming and sites in Alaska, Canada, and Russia indicate more significant warming in relatively cold permafrost than in warm permafrost in the same geographical area. With regional differences, permafrost temperatures are now up to 2°C warmer than they were 20 to 30 years ago. Preliminary data indicate there is a high probability that 2010 will be the 20th consecutive year that alpine glaciers have lost mass. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continued to rise and ozone depleting substances continued to decrease. Carbon dioxide increased by 2.60 ppm in 2010, a rate above both the 2009 and the 1980–2010 average rates. The global ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2009 transition period from La Niña to El Niño conditions, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, is estimated to be similar to the long-term average. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole was among the lowest 20% compared with other years since 1990, a result of warmer-than-average temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter between mid-July and early September.

We exploit variation in consumer price inflation across 71 Russian regions to examine the relationship between the perceived stability of the domestic currency and financial dollarization. Our results show that regions with higher inflation experience an increase in deposit dollarization and a decrease in the dollarization of loans to households and firms in non-tradable sectors. The negative impact of inflation on credit dollarization is weaker in regions with less integrated banking markets. This suggests that the asset-liability management of banks constrains the currency-portfolio choices of both households and firms without a natural currency hedge., 基盤研究(S) = Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

International audience; We discuss associative analogues of classical Yang-Baxter equation meromorphically dependent on parameters. We discover that such equations enter in a description of a general class of parameter-dependent Poisson structures and double Lie and Poisson structures in sense of M. Van den Bergh. We propose a classification of all solutions for one-dimensional associative Yang-Baxter equations.