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Carcinoid tumors are rare tumors in practice of doctors of various specialties. These tumors are histological findings in the most cases because they are masked by clinical and morphological features of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. In some cases, carcinoid tumors generally remain undetected due to lack of awareness among physicians about clinical and morphological characteristics of such disease. Believe it is important to recall the features of this tumor. The article presents the literature data and own observations from practice of carcinoid tumor of rare localization: bronchus, colon, mammary gland. In all three of our observations, where cancer was clinically suspected, the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was made only after histology. Only complications have led to the surgical intervention, and, unfortunately, the diagnosis of carcinoid was made after death. In the latter case carcinoid, most likely played an important role in thanatogenesis. Unification of efforts of doctors in various fields will make progress in the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoid tumors, extending the lives of patients suffering from this disorder.

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Chronic intrauterine hypoxia is one of the main factors that affects the urinary system organs of fetuses and newborns. The purpose of this study was to identify the morphofunctional features of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder in fetuses and newborns exposed to the influence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia. The material of this study was the tissue of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder of fetuses and newborns, which was studied using different histological and histochemical staining methods. In the study conducted by the authors in organs of urinary system of fetuses and newborn, exposed to chronic intrauterine hypoxia, identified various morphological changes, which can lead to the development of various pathologies of such system in these children in future ontogenesis.

Adenohypophysis stillborn from HIV-infected mothers had a high functional stress for long periods of fetal development, leading to inhibition of its functional state, as evidenced by the decrease in the diameter of cells, reducing their secretory granules, and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic index. In the antenatal period of development in the adenohypophysis of stillbirths from HIV-infected mothers apparently failed embryogenesis, which appeared violation of a population growth of acidophilic cells. Inhibition of functional activity of the entire population of cells of the adenohypophysis indicate a failure of compensatory possibilities of the body, which in future may be the cause of severe endocrinopathies.

The book contains the main materials in biopsy-autopsy course according to the syllabus approved by Central Methodological Office for Higher Education of The Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Text-book in Clinical Pathology for English medium medical students is published for the first time in Ukraine

In a thyroid gland of children who have died aged till 6 months, from a HIV-infected of mothers thanks to morphological and morphometric researches it is taped reduction of internal diameter of follicles, heights follicular cells, and as increase the stromal and reduction colloid components, testifying about change secretion type, apparently, caused by influence antenatal and a postnatal hypoxia.