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Keystone island flaps have a growing array of applications in reconstructive surgeries for the closure of simple and complex defects following the excision of skin tumors. It is a trapezoidal-shaped flap based on fasciocutaneous perforators. We share our experience with a 79-year-old man, who underwent keystone island flap reconstruction after the excision of biopsy-proven Bowen's disease. A good aesthetic and functional outcome was obtained. With an ever expanding repertoire of reconstructive surgical techniques, the individualization of defect closure is of paramount importance in ensuring good cosmesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Huge variation in the prevalence of post cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is because PCS can include a wide variety of disorders that can be both related and unrelated to cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) is a noninvasive nuclear medicine scan that can evaluate a delay in the transit of bile from the hepatic hilum to the duodenum using a radiotracer 99m Tc-Mebrofenin that can be associated with a functional ampullary obstruction. The aim of this study was to assess the role of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin HBS in the detection of the cause of PCS among the patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Methods Twenty-one patients who presented with PCS from September 2018 to February 2020 were included in the study. These patients were characterized based on history, examination, liver function test, and abdominal ultrasound. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) was diagnosed using the Rome 3 criteria and the Milwaukee classification. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy were done when indicated, to establish the diagnosis. These patients were further subjected to 99m Tc-Mebrofenin HBS, and the findings were analyzed. Results The most common symptom in PCS was biliary pain occurring in 85.7% of the patients. The average time of presentation since surgery was 1.9 years. The most common cause of PCS was SOD, occurring in 52.3% of the patients, followed by benign biliary stricture occurring in 23.8% of the patients. The mean bile duct (common bile duct) visualization time in patients with PCS was 25.2 minutes, the mean duodenal visualization time was 38.2 minutes, and the mean jejunal visualization time was 60.5 minutes. The mean bile duct to duodenum transit time was 12.7 minutes, while the mean bile duct to jejunum transit time was 30.1 minutes. HBS showed consistent findings with the final diagnosis made by other diagnostic modalities (clinical criteria/MRCP/intraoperative findings) in 80.9% of the patients. Conclusion 99m Tc-Mebrofenin HBS has a significant role in the evaluation of PCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common life threatening emergency, but, largely a preventable problem. The object aspirated depends on various factors, such as age, sex, occupation, geographical area, socio-cultural factors, economic status, and nutritional habits. In recent years some traditional/social habits and fashion trends of using headscarf/ hijab pins have become a discrete category of foreign body aspiration in young Muslim/Islam girls wearing headscarves. Objective: To highlight the increasing number of cases coming to clinical attention with headscarf pin aspiration. India having a growing population which is young and fashion oriented, the awareness of this problem needs to improve. Discussion: In recent times young adolescent Muslim girls use multiple matching small headscarf pins to fix the hijab as a fashion trend. Adolescent girls and adults tend to hold the headscarf pin between their lips while wearing the headscarves using their two hands to secure the veil. Lack of concentration or activities such as laughter, talking, and coughing predisposes them to aspiration, especially in young teenage groups where they lack experience in such manoeuvres. Conclusion: Accidental foreign body aspiration to a large extent is a preventable problem and more so in the case of headscarf pin. Appropriate interventions need to be planned as more young population is getting involved.

Pre-clinical testing is an obligatory component of research that not only aids in understanding the mechanisms and behavior of any therapeutic agent but also paves the way for future clinical trials. Animal models provide the best alternatives to human experimentation. They not only enable the testing and validation of in vitro developments but also serve as a pivotal source in the identification of biological and physiological functions of the body. In periodontal research, animal experimentation is inevitable for understanding the pathogenesis of different diseases, drug trials, generation of biomedical products, and testing for biocompatibility of materials. In this review, we are discussing the development of animal models for specific areas of periodontal research. These include models to study the pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of drugs, models for anti-infective therapy-Immune suppression, models for periodontal tissue destruction, models for periodontal disease pathogenesis and models to study bone formation. The different species of animal models utilized in periodontal research have also been elucidated. In addition, the decision making and policies for use of animals in research have been included along with a brief overview of the possibilities of exploring alternatives to animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic over the past year has raised concern regarding the precautions needed to be taken to prevent cross-infection in the field of dentistry, as the virus is highly contagious and life-threatening. At least half of the population above the age of 50 years are denture wearers. These dentures act as a base for the colonization of microorganisms, hence raise the chances of cross-contamination. When the patient wears contaminated dentures, the most common manifestation it may cause is oral candidiasis or denture-related stomatitis, this fungal infection leads to white or red sores, bleeding, swelling and burning sensations in the oral cavity. As the patient's oral cavity is a sterile tissue with mucous membranes, incompetent sterilisation of dentures bears the risk associated with the break of host barriers and carrying of environmental pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The application of an improper sterilisation method in the maintenance of dental appliance mainly the complete denture concerns not only the patients but also the dental personnel and prosthesis laboratory. The first studies on microwave sterilisation of dentures were performed to confirm the potent of microwave sterilisation in preventing microorganisms attached to complete dentures prosthesis. Using different methods, definite results were obtained by studies, confirming that microwave irradiation can be an efficient technique in sterilizing the complete dentures prosthesis. Thus, executing microwave irradiation of a complete denture before it is brought to a lab, and immediately before it is placed in the patient's mouth, acts as a means of infection prevention system for all individuals. Microwave sterilisation of dentures has been recommended for denture sterilisation but its effect on the dimensional property of a complete denture still needs to be focused on. Hence, the current review presents the effect of microwave sterilisation on the physical properties, mainly the dimensional stability of the complete denture base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp is a chronic cutaneous condition presenting with areas of erosions and pustules, healing with scarring and alopecia. We report three such cases presenting with pus-filled lesions of the scalp with nonspecific pathological changes. This condition is often misdiagnosed and shows a poor response to antibiotics. Clinical suspicion is of primary importance for early diagnosis and proper treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dystrophic nails represent an alteration in nail morphology that can occur due to various disorders. Although KOH is used commonly in the diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of KOH are less. Chicago sky blue (CSB) stain when used with KOH provides color contrast, to aid the detection of fungal elements, and is a simple and inexpensive method. Materials and Methods: Nail scrapings from the surface and subungual areas and nail clippings were examined with 40% KOH, CSB stain, and also subjected to fungal culture. Results: The detection rate of fungal elements in dystrophic nails in our hospital-based study was 46.5%. The sensitivity of KOH was 36.36% and CSB staining was 66.6% using fungal culture as a gold standard. Conclusion: CSB stain serves as a useful, simple, and rapid method for detecting the presence of fungal elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]