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Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. How obesity contributes to metabolic syndrome is unclear. Free fatty acid (FFA) activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC)-dependent cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is implicated in this process. However, the mechanism that mediates SRC-dependent JNK activation is unclear. Here, we identify a role for the scaffold protein JIP1 in SRC-dependent JNK activation. SRC phosphorylation of JIP1 creates phosphotyrosine interaction motifs that bind the SH2 domains of SRC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV. These interactions are required for SRC-induced activation of VAV and the subsequent engagement of a JIP1-tethered JNK signaling module. The JIP1 scaffold protein, therefore, plays a dual role in FFA signaling by coordinating upstream SRC functions together with downstream effector signaling by the JNK pathway.

This study sought to evaluate the health and transport impacts of urban bicycle infrastructure for transport through a commuting corridor in Sydney, Australia.

ABSTRACTAlthough the concept of entrepreneurial leadership has begun to attract interest from leadership scholars, it remains a neglected area in entrepreneurship and SME research. This exploratory study attempts to bridge the fields of entrepreneurship and leadership by proposing a model of the characteristics common to entrepreneurs and leaders and showing how entrepreneurial leaders (ELs) differ from entrepreneurs and leaders. Semi-structured interviews and a short-structured questionnaire were used to gather data from a purposive sample of 20 corporate managers and business owners. Respondents considered ELs to have personal characteristics different from those of non-leader entrepreneurs. ELs were specifically perceived as visionary entrepreneurs who also have the motivation and ethics of a leader. The findings suggest leadership plays a critical role in venture growth and long-term entrepreneurial success, and therefore requires greater research attention. Implications for developing leadership in entrepreneurs and the conceptual development of entrepreneurial leadership research are identified.

The impact of new bicycle infrastructure is under-studied, particularly in cities with under-developed bicycle networks. This paper assesses the factors associated with people taking up bicycling, and changing their usual bicycle route, following the opening of a new cycleway separated from traffic in inner-city Sydney, Australia.

•More people working more frequently from home during the pandemic.•Three distinct population segments with different work, activity levels and wellbeing responses.•Increase in sedentary behaviour when working from home.•Largest group report more sitting, less physical activity and worse wellbeing.•Argue for the need to focus on active travel in local environs in a post-pandemic world.

To determine if active transport results in net additional physical activity and the extent of any displacement of physical activity in other domains.

This paper presents the results of bulk chemical compositional analyses of ceramic pastes through Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), which is the most precise method available for this kind of research. The analyses were carried out on 94 fragments of pottery from several archaeological sites in northern Chile's Atacama Desert. We aimed to examine the possible origins of pottery vessels distinguished by Inka and local styles within the process of the Inka State expansion into the territories south of Cusco, known as Collasuyu.

Amphibious fishes moving from water to land experience continuous changes in environmental forces. How these subtle changes impact behavioural transitions cannot be resolved by comparisons of aquatic and terrestrial locomotion. For example, aquatic and terrestrial locomotion appear distinct in the actinopterygian fish Polypterus senegalus; however, it is unclear how gradual water level changes influence the transition between these locomotor behaviours. We tested the hypothesis in P. senegalus that swimming and walking are part of an incremental continuum of behaviour and muscle activity across the environmental transition from water to land rather than two discrete behaviours, as proposed by previous literature. We exposed P. senegalus to discrete environments from fully aquatic to fully terrestrial while recording body and pectoral fin kinematics and muscle activity. Anterior axial red muscle effort increases as water depth decreases; however, a typical swimming-like anterior-to-posterior wave of axial red muscle activity is always present, even during terrestrial locomotion, indicating gradual motor control changes. Thus, walking appears to be based on swimming-like axial muscle activity whereas kinematic differences between swimming and walking appear to be due to mechanical constraints. A discrete change in left–right pectoral fin coordination from in-phase to out-of-phase at 0.7 body depths relies on adductor muscle activity with a similar duty factor and adductor muscle effort that increases gradually as water depth decreases. Thus, despite distinct changes in kinematic timing, neuromuscular patterning is similar across the water depth continuum. As the observed, gradual increases in axial muscle effort reflect muscle activity changes between aquatic and terrestrial environments observed in other elongate fishes, a modified, swimming-like axial muscle activity pattern for terrestrial locomotion may be common among elongate amphibious fishes.

Travel satisfaction has become an increasingly popular construct for the assessment and monitoring of transport systems and services. However, satisfaction may not adequately assess emotion or mood towards walking and cycling, especially when infrastructure is biased towards motor vehicle modes. In this exploratory study we sought to examine the associations of both satisfaction with transport and enjoyment from the commute to work or study by commute mode in an Australian inner city context where transport mode choices are readily available. As part of the Sydney Transport and Health Study, 675 baseline study participants (2013) were invited to complete an online questionnaire in September/October 2014 and 512 did so (76% response rate). Participants who did not travel to work were removed from analyses, giving complete data for 473. Participants provided data on usual travel mode to work or study, satisfaction with transport, enjoyment from their commute, and demographics and neighbourhood factors. The main mode of travel to work or study in this inner city sample was public transport (41%), followed by motor vehicle (27%), walking (21%) and cycling (10%). Most participants were satisfied with their transport (82%), with little variation by mode. Walkers (49%) and cyclists (52%) reported far higher levels of enjoyment from their commute than car drivers (14%) or public transport users (10%), with an adjusted odds ratio of 6.18 (95% confidence interval 3.10–12.29, P < 0.001) for walking and an adjusted odds ratio of 6.15 (95% confidence interval 2.68–14.08, P < 0.001) for cycling. People who walked or cycled to work or study in inner Sydney reported higher levels of enjoyment from their commute compared with those who drove. This suggests enjoyment may be another benefit of active travel. Focusing on ‘enjoyment’ associated with walking or cycling to work may be a positive motivator to encourage active travel. Being satisfied with your transport, and enjoying the way you travel, are very different concepts and vary considerably by transport mode. This study compared satisfaction with transport and enjoyment of the commute by commute mode in inner Sydney, Australia, where transport mode choices are readily available. People who walked or cycled to work or study reported higher levels of enjoyment from their commute compared with those who drove, highlighting a benefit of active travel.

Cycling infrastructure in car-orientated societies is largely unevaluated. This mixed method study aimed to evaluate initial impacts of new cycling infrastructure by investigating changes in community perceptions, expectations and interaction with a new cycleway.

The article offers information on several ceramic artists who use metals including nichrome wire, steel rods, and nails for their art. People who were mentioned include Linda Hansen Mau whose Memories of Camping with Dad porcelain was applied with steel wire, Susan O'Byrne's life-size sculptures such as Calf, and Lesley Risby's curved frameworks.

The article offers step-by-step instructions for making ceramics such as wave forms using bamboo, honeycomb forms using cotton fiber, and knitted tableware.

This paper details the development and deployment of an online seven day travel/activity diary and companion smartphone app in Sydney, Australia. The diary employs several innovative features to simplify data entry, while the app generates maps to assist recall. Based on 847 participants, 76% complete all seven days, 16,361 of 16,386 recorded trips are provided with complete details, trip entry times average two minutes/trip and three-quarters of trips entered within 24hours of being made. Over half the participants download the app with strong indications this improves the accuracy of trip reporting.

This study examined the association between domains of quality of life (QoL) and the frequency of cycling by men and women. A cross-sectional survey of 846 healthy adults in Sydney, Australia measured cycling behaviour and self-reported QoL. Participants were aged 18–55 years and were living within 5 km of the centre. Cycling frequency for all purposes was recorded as weekly, less than weekly or never cycling. QoL was measured using the four QoL domains of the WHOQOL-BREF: physical psychological, social and environment. Linear regression was used to assess the association between cycling and QoL. Among men, at least weekly cycling was associated with physical QoL (P = 0.002) and any cycling was positively associated with psychological wellbeing (at least weekly P = 0.01, less than weekly P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, education and income. No significant associations were observed for women. Frequent cycling was associated with higher physical and psychological QoL in men, but not among women in this sample. No relationship was observed between cycling and the environment and social QoL domains. These findings suggest that cycling offers physical and psychological QoL benefits for men.

AbstractIndividuals who allege bullying bring their own version of events to any investigation, and regardless of the allegations made, there is always more than one account of what took place. Perception influences the interpretations placed on our actions and that of others, especially in terms of whether these constitute bullying in the context in which they are observed. Since investigators, and researchers, are heavily reliant on self-reports, it is important to understand how subjectivities affect individual interpretation and responses. Based on Heider’s Balance Theory, this conceptual article presents a series of propositions relating to subjective factors in perceiving an act as bullying. Research which explores these factors will facilitate better understanding of allegations of bullying. Potential implications for research, awareness raising, education and training, investigation and interpretation of allegations of workplace bullying are advanced.