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The social determinants of health (SDH) are the conditions in which people are born, develop, live, and work. These conditions are made by disseminating wealth, power and resources at universal, nationwide and local levels. SDH are commonly accountable for health inequalities, and the imbalanced and preventable variances in health status observed within and among countries. The study focuses on exploring existing practices of healthcare workers in addressing SDH, and feasibility for implementing a Community Links Evidence to Action Research (CLEAR) toolkit designed to assist clinical decisions, which helps doctors, nurses, and other allied health personnel tackle the social causes of poor health in clinical practice.

The use of knitted structure pressure sensors in wearable applications and health monitoring systems has attracted a great deal of attention. This study aims to assess the single jersey and double jersey knitted structures as well as the electromechanical characteristics of electrically conductive yarns (ECY). The knitted structures were made with two different types of electrically conductive yarn, including the (i) fully drawn yarn (FDY) and the (ii) drawn textured yarn (DTY). FDY had higher tensile strength than DTY in reference to their drawing and twisting processes. Based on the results in terms of tensile strength, conductive yarns of 280D-FDY and SPFX25070-FX were chosen from seven available conductive yarns for the further production of knitted structures. Additionally, the knittability of the conductive yarn was also considered. Due to the knit-tuck stitch assembly, which increases the thickness of the structure, it was found that the double Lacoste, popcorn, and milano ribs had the necessary compression resistance. The compression properties of the knitted structures were tested using the kawabata evaluation system (KES FB-03). It was found that the recommended knitted structure sensing technology can be easily expanded into a scalable and affordable solution for the production of smart socks and related applications.

Global greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide emissions have escalated to concerning levels. Given the growing urbanization, industrialization, and energy consumption, it is crucial to understand how carbon dioxide emissions from various sectors influence environmental sustainability in Pakistan. The prime objective of this study is to examine the nexus between sectoral carbon dioxide emissions and environmental sustainability in Pakistan, analyzing data from 1971 to 2014. The study employs the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) method and the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model to analyze patterns and relationships, providing insights into how each sector's emissions contribute to the overall environmental impact. The results highlight that the independent variables – economic growth, population growth, and energy consumption - are the most significant contributors to overall carbon dioxide emissions, driven by the high consumption of fossil fuels. At an aggregate/disaggregate level, various models show mixed associations between dependent variables such as overall carbon dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide emissions from gaseous fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emissions from residential buildings, commercial and public services, and carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector with the independent variables. Pairwise Granger causality confirms a unidirectional causality among various pairs of relationships. The study suggests that policymakers in Pakistan adopt a multi-sectoral approach to achieve environmental sustainability. It also recommends accelerating the transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

The global demand for freshwater increased keep interest in water desalination technology. In recent past, solar thermal desalination emerged as a promising technique to water desalination. This review provides an extensive analysis of various solar thermal desalination techniques, including steam generation systems, their mechanisms, structures, and the role of different nanomaterials in enhancing desalination efficiency. We critically analyzed recent studies, focusing on process performance, benefits, limitations, economic viability, and environmental impact. The advantages of solar thermal desalination, such as sustainability, renewability, fossil fuel independence, decentralized water production, and suitability for remote locations, are discussed. We also discussed the materials for desalination based on material's water-transport capability, salt resistance, photothermal conversion efficiency and. Additionally, we provided insights into design principles and thermal management to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure sustainable freshwater production. This review will provide a guideline facilitate the development of sustainable solar thermal desalination technologies by utilizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, promoting the integration of renewable energy and water production for a resilient, water-secure future.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of two drill designs on insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) during osteotomy. Methodology: This in vivo animal study involved eight female New Zealand white rabbits divided into two groups: Group A underwent osteotomy using standard drills from the Zimmer surgical kit, and Group B used Densah drills. IT values and ISQ were taken during and after implant placement. Rabbits received premedication, and postoperative care was provided. Results: Significant differences in peak IT were observed between the two groups, with Group B demonstrating a statistically significant advantage. However, no significant differences were found in ISQ between the groups. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential benefits of osseodensification in enhancing primary stability during osteotomy.

Objective: To compare the antiemetic effects of Metoclopramide and Ondansetron in female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Feb to Jul 2022. Methodology: Female patients aged between 15-80 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I or II planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Using non-probability consecutive sampling technique 66 patients were assigned to two Groups with 33 participants in each Group i.e., Group-A (Metoclopramide) and Group-B (Ondansetron) Group. Patients from Group-A received 10mg Metoclopramide while patients from Group-B received Ondansetron 4mg as a part of premedication. Recorded variables were nausea, vomiting and requirement of antiemetic medication at recovery, during the first 06 hours and during 06-24 hours post-operatively. Results: Mean age of the patients was 44.61±12.74 years. ASA distribution of the patients in our study revealed 28(84.8%) patients from Group-A and 26(78.8%) patients from Group-B belonged to ASA I while 05(15.2%) and 07(21.2%) were from ASA II in Group-A and Group-B respectively. Both Metoclopramide and Ondansetron were effective, however results were significant only for nausea and the requirement of antiemetic medication in post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion: Metoclopramide and Ondansetron both are effective in reducing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in female patients. Ondansetron is superior to Metoclopramide in the reduction of nausea postoperatively however in case of vomiting there is no significant relationship between the two drugs.

Introduction The burden of multimorbidity is recognised increasingly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a strong emphasis on the need for effective evidence-based interventions. Core outcome sets (COS) appropriate for the study of multimorbidity in LMICs do not presently exist. These are required to standardise reporting and contribute to a consistent and cohesive evidence-base to inform policy and practice. We describe the development of two COS for intervention trials aimed at preventing and treating multimorbidity in adults in LMICs.Methods To generate a comprehensive list of relevant prevention and treatment outcomes, we conducted a systematic review and qualitative interviews with people with multimorbidity and their caregivers living in LMICs. We then used a modified two-round Delphi process to identify outcomes most important to four stakeholder groups (people with multimorbidity/caregivers, multimorbidity researchers, healthcare professionals and policymakers) with representation from 33 countries. Consensus meetings were used to reach agreement on the two final COS. Registration: https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1580.Results The systematic review and qualitative interviews identified 24 outcomes for prevention and 49 for treatment of multimorbidity. An additional 12 prevention and 6 treatment outcomes were added from Delphi round 1. Delphi round 2 surveys were completed by 95 of 132 round 1 participants (72.0%) for prevention and 95 of 133 (71.4%) participants for treatment outcomes. Consensus meetings agreed four outcomes for the prevention COS: (1) adverse events, (2) development of new comorbidity, (3) health risk behaviour and (4) quality of life; and four for the treatment COS: (1) adherence to treatment, (2) adverse events, (3) out-of-pocket expenditure and (4) quality of life.Conclusion Following established guidelines, we developed two COS for trials of interventions for multimorbidity prevention and treatment, specific to adults in LMIC contexts. We recommend their inclusion in future trials to meaningfully advance the field of multimorbidity research in LMICs.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197293.

We have synthesized 1,2,4-triazole bearing benzenesulfonohydrazide analogues (1–21), characterized through different spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HREI-MS and were evaluated against Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. All the newly synthesized analogues showed excellent to good inhibition potential with IC50 values ranged from 0.30 ± 0.050 to 15.21 ± 0.50 µM (against AChE) and 0.70 ± 0.050 to 18.27 ± 0.60 µM (against BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). Analogues 2 and 4 which were found inactive against these enzymes. However, analogues 17 (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.050 and 0.70 ± 0.050 µM) and 13 (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.05 and 1.70 ± 0.050 µM) were found to have potent inhibitory potentials against the targeted enzymes. Structure-activity relationship was carried out which mainly depends upon the nature, position and numbers of the substitution present on phenyl rings that may be electron withdrawing/donating. Molecular docking study was carried out to know about the binding mode of interaction of the most active site of the synthesized analogues with the targeted enzymes.

Herein, five Schiff’s base analogs (designated as AK1 to AK5) were synthesized and screened for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacies. All compounds exhibited analgesic activity at selected doses from 45.31 % to 75.75 %, while the standard drug diclofenac sodium produced result as 86.33 %. Compounds AK1, AK3, AK4 and AK5 were found significantly P

In the evolving landscape of endodontic therapy, our primary objective revolved around maintaining dental pulp vitality or intervening effectively when the pulp is irreparably damaged or infected. At the forefront of these groundbreaking advancements stands CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) gene-editing technology that has captivated the global scientific community. The origins of CRISPR hail from a natural defense mechanism employed by bacteria and archaea. These microorganisms capture snippets of DNA from invading viruses, creating a genomic library that serves as a historical record of past viral encounters. This remarkable natural process has paved the way for potentially transformative methods in treating a spectrum of dental pulp diseases and disorders. However, integrating CRISPR into clinical practice is not without its complexities and moral dilemmas. One of the foremost concerns is the reliability of the gene-editing process. To address this, there is a concerted effort within the scientific fraternity to refine the Cas9 enzyme further, to enhance the design of guide RNAs, and to develop sophisticated techniques for identifying and rectifying any inadvertent genetic modifications. In summary, the horizon of endodontic therapy is becoming increasingly promising, with CRISPR technology leading the charge. Hence, the objective of this review article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential, challenges, and ethical concerns of using CRISPR technology in the field of endodontics. Keywords: Endodontics, CRISPR, Cas-9 Systems, Gene Editing, Genetic Engineering.

The electric motor thermal management system (TMS) is a pivotal unit for electric vehicles (EVs). To study the factors affecting cooling performance and cooling efficiency of spiral housing water jacket (HWJ), simulations were carried out on a 150 kW jacked-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with ethylene glycol & water (EGW) as coolant. The coupling between channel numbers (N) and coolant flow rate (Q) on winding average temperature (T) and pressure drop (P) were investigated focusing on the Reynolds number (Re) via analytical and numerical thermal models. The results indicated that the cooling performance was nearly the same for coolant under fully turbulent. Both the cooling performance and cooling efficiency were not conducive when N > 8, and meanwhile, N < 6 also hindered the heat extraction. Resorting to the investigation, a Re-based multi-objective optimization algorithm was put forward. Compared the optimized jacket N6Q12 (denoting 6 channels with 12 L per minute flow rate) with the sub-optimized N12Q6 at the same Re, winding average temperature T was found 6.5 deg C lower, and pressure drop P was reduced by up to 71.6 %.

Background: A penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic (PCA) allergy label (PCAAL) has negative implications for both the patient and health care alike. Objective: A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of a PCAAL on length of stay (LOS) and hospital readmissions. Methods: Over 4 weeks, inpatients with a PCAAL who were referred to the allergy service or opportunistically reviewed were grouped in the categories delabeled (group 1a) or advice not followed (ie, label carriage) (group 1b). Comparator groups without a PCAAL were identified, those either on a PCA (the PCA group [group 2]) or on a non-PCA (the non-PCA group [group 3]). Results: The study population comprised 77 patients as follows: group 1a (n = 19), group 1b (n = 6), group 2 (n = 36), and group 3 (n = 16). Those in group 1a were significantly older (median age 78 years) than those in group 1b (median age 53 years [P = .013]) or group 3 (median age 59 years [P = .013]).There was a trend toward lower LOS in group 1a (10 days) than in group 1b (11.5 days [P = not significant]). Group 2 had a significantly lower LOS (6 days) than either both group 1a (10 days [P = .043]) or group 3 (15 days [P = .002]). Group 3 had the highest rate of patients readmitted within 30 days (n = 5 [71.4%]). Conclusion: A PCAAL carries influence on both LOS and readmissions, thus identifying the prompt need for allergy review to provide specific recommendations: delabeling and transition to an appropriate antibiotic. The significantly older group of those with a PCAAL who received a PCA after delabeling (ie, a 20-year age difference) may also be a signal that more elderly and comorbid patients benefit from this intervention the most.

Background: Parenting stress has grown dramatically as a result of the pandemic, according to a systematic analysis that compared parenting styles and mental health-related factors before and during COVID-19. Regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, parents reported feeling more stressed. This included anxiety about their kids' health and safety, financial hardships, and interruptions to their regular routines and support networks. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the pandemic had a detrimental effect on parents' mental health, with greater rates of anxiety, sadness, and overall psychological distress among parents. These findings demonstrate the intricate interactions that exist between personal variables and exogenous stressors like the pandemic that affect parenting stress. The COVID-19 pandemic and other external stressors, financial hardships, and marital status are only a few of the variables that might affect parenting stress overall. Consequently, while analyzing parenting stress, creating parent support interventions, and contrasting pre- and post-COVID-19 patterns, it is imperative to take these diverse elements into account. Method: This study includes material from three well-known databases that are used by scholars all around the world: Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The records were screened during the review process using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology. Results: We evaluated 10,053 abstracts and titles found through Google Scholar and database searches. After a complete text screening of 253 publications, 18 research were included in our study. According to the data retrieved from every database, the research questions in this study are multidisciplinary in nature, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of healthcare and the development of new healthcare technologies. The most prevalent discipline is psychology, which is followed by medicine, social sciences, environmental sciences, and the arts and humanities. Additionally, for each year between 2018 and 2023, a clear change in the publishing and citation trends is apparent. With a total of 8 publications, 2022 notably has the most publications ever recorded. In 2020, citations from five publications reached their high, indicating a peak in citation scores. The meta-analysis from all highlighted studies indicated a significant influence of parenting style on parental well-being. However, they also noted additional psychological and social factors contributing to parental mental health. Some studies examined the mental health of both parents collectively, while others focused on individual mothers and fathers. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly impacted parenting style, parental stress, and caregivers' mental health, leading to noticeable shifts compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Conclusions: As a whole, the results of this systematic review offer practitioners in a variety of fields useful information, such as clinical psychiatry, psychology, counseling, and therapy. Health practitioners can effectively limit the effects of psychological and social determinants on parenting styles on parental well-being by recognizing these aspects among parents worldwide. Numerous elements are included in this list, including the use of digital media, self-compassion, anxiety, stress related to parenting, altruistic conduct, mental health, parenting style, and mental health of children. In order to tackle these issues, medical professionals might concentrate on improving parents' coping strategies for handling mental health problems while also trying to reduce their frequency. To help parents effectively navigate these complications, it also makes sense to prioritize the provision of additional social support as a proactive measure or intervention.

Rising energy demand, resource depletion, and environmental issues tied to fossil fuels demand a transition to renewable energy. Solar power, abundant and well-established, presents a promising solution to address our expanding energy requirements. The sun radiates an astonishing amount of energy every second, far more than humanity’s current and future energy needs. Accurate solar radiation prediction is crucial for optimizing solar panel design, placement, and grid integration. This paper aims to predict daily global solar radiation data for six Pakistani cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Quetta, Peshawar, and Multan. It highlights the importance of advanced algorithms and introduces an innovative data collection method using pyranometer sensors and microcontrollers, making data storage and analysis more affordable and efficient while reducing the financial burdens associated with traditional equipment. Focusing on Pakistan’s diverse solar radiation potential, this research evaluates eight machine learning algorithms using seven key statistical metrics to understand and compare their performance in predicting solar radiation. Four algorithms, k-nearest neighbors, Random Forest Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression, and Support Vector Regression (SVR), consistently exhibit remarkable precision, achieving outstanding R2 values of up to 99%. This highlights the crucial role of algorithm selection in solar radiation prediction, with SVR emerging as the top choice. SVR’s precise and reliable forecasts empower renewable energy planning and decision-making. This study provides valuable guidance for decision-makers to optimize solar energy utilization across diverse geographical regions and contributes invaluable insights to the field of renewable energy forecasting.

IntroductionAlzheimer pathology (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and chronic neuroinflammation, with the NLRP3 inflammasome playing a significant role. This study demonstrated that the OCD drug fluvoxamine maleate (FXN) can potently ameliorate AD pathology in 5XFAD mice by promoting autophagy-mediated clearance of Aβ and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. MethodsWe used mice primary astrocytes to establish the mechanism of action of FXN against NLRP3 inflammasome by using various techniques like ELISA, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, Immunofluorescence, etc. The anti-AD activity of FXN was validated in transgenic 5XFAD mice following two months of treatment. This was followed by behavior analysis, examination of inflammatory and autophagy proteins and immunohistochemistry analysis for Aβ load in the hippocampi.ResultsOur data showed that FXN, at a low concentration of 78 nM, induces autophagy to inhibit NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome, apart from directly inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in primary astrocytes. FXN activated the PRKAA2 pathway through CAMKK2 signaling, leading to autophagy induction. It inhibited the ATP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting the autophagic degradation of NF-κB, resulting in the downregulation of pro-IL-1β and NLRP3. The anti-NLRP3 inflammasome effect of FXN was reversed when autophagy was inhibited by either genetic knockdown of the PRKAA2 pathway or pharmacological inhibition with bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, FXN treatment led to improved AD pathology in 5XFAD mice, resulting in significant improvements in various behavioral parameters such as working memory and neuromuscular coordination, making their behavior more similar to that of wild-type animals. FXN improved behavior in 5XFAD mice by clearing the Aβ deposits from the hippocampi and significantly reducing multiple inflammatory proteins, including NF-κB, GFAP, IBA1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, which are associated with NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain. Moreover, these changes were accompanied by increased expression of autophagic proteins.DiscussionOur data suggest that FXN ameliorates AD pathology, by simultaneously targeting two key pathological features: Aβ deposits and neuroinflammation. As an already approved drug, FXN holds potential as a candidate for human studies against AD.

Purpose – This study examines the effect of Covid-19 in Indonesia on the value of abnormal returns, trading volume activity, and efficiency of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), the Indonesian Islamic stock market. Methodology – This study employed the event study model to measure the relationship between important events related to the Indonesian Covid-19 pandemic on stock returns and the stock trading volume of JII indexed companies. Using research analysis techniques in the form of a market-adjusted model, this study determines the period of events before, during, and after the event. Findings – This study found that the global Covid-19 announcement, announcement of the new normal, and announcement of the Covid-19 vaccination gave a significant abnormal return reaction to the JII index and did not provide a significant trading volume activity reaction. Implications – Indonesia's Islamic stock market, which falls into the semi-strong efficient category, responds quickly to important public information such as Covid-19-related announcements. Investors showed high sensitivity to major news, but trading volumes did not change significantly, indicating a cautious adjustment strategy. The different reactions across sectors, especially industry and energy, highlight the need for investor portfolio diversification. It is important for policymakers to provide clear and timely communication to maintain market stability during crises. Further research is required to understand the long-term impact and extend the coverage of international Islamic stock markets. Originality – This study examines several important Covid-19 events that occurred in Indonesia on stock returns and trading volumes in the Indonesian Islamic stock market.

Centrifugal pumps are widely used for various applications. Numerous technical practices use centrifugal pumps, particularly when consistent and adaptable pump performance is required. Still, these can have several issues, including low efficiency when operated under off-design conditions and poor capitalization performance. These frequent transport mixtures, such as liquid and gas, and pure liquids. It is a well-known fact that several problems encountered by pumps in a pumping station are related to structural instability or impeller/blade failure. Vibrations can cause catastrophic failures in the impeller, so these must be kept to a minimum while designing the impeller. Vibration, cavitation, rough running, lower-than-expected efficiency, and shorter pump life can all be traced back to unfavorable process flow conditions. Although there are some design guidelines for pump configuration, the effects of fluctuating discharge on structural stability have yet to be investigated. An additional pressing problem is the identification of time cracks. Failure can occur due to cracks much before the design loads. In this work, we aim to investigate and analyze the centrifugal impeller design consideration. Using different methods for designing and modeling, we compared significant results and found the optimal solutions in which a centrifugal impellor can be designed. This work enables us to determine the best techniques and methods to overcome the problem of vibrations produced in the centrifugal impeller. This also helps us to understand the centrifugal pump's behavior and performance to improve its efficiency. Centrifugal impellors are compared across conditions, including free, forced, damped, and undamped systems. Three successful methods for designing and modeling a centrifugal impellor are proposed using these parameters. The methods of design and analysis provide predictions of the flow fields that are highly reliable. Regarding fluid distribution and pump efficiency, computational fluid dynamics provides various solutions that may be applied to impeller design. Using fluent software, we can better comprehend the pump's resonant operation. Blade mistuning is a severe problem that can be handled using the blade tip timing and strain gauge technique. Vibration and motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is also mentioned to investigate vibrational problems with the centrifugal impeller. Several strategies are discussed to lessen or eliminate the issue of vibrations in impellers. The limitations and disadvantages of using these techniques are discussed. The summary of results provides significant design and improvement in centrifugal pumps in the recent past.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant health concern globally, prompting a continual search for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we employed a comprehensive approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamic simulation to explore the potential impact of a polyherbal formulation on PCa. Methods: Utilizing comprehensive network pharmacology approaches, we elucidated the complex interactions between the bioactive compounds within the polyherbal formulation and key targets associated with PCa progression, highlighting their multitarget mechanisms through integrated protein‒protein interaction and KEGG pathway analyses. Molecular docking simulation studies were performed to predict the binding affinities and modes of interaction between the identified bioactive compounds and their respective protein targets. Results: Complex connections comprising 486 nodes and 845 edges were found by the compound-target network analysis. Significant interactions were observed, and the average node degree was 4.23. KEGG research revealed that PCa and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway are implicated in modulating prostate cancer. The Quercetin docking investigations revealed that the binding energies for AR and PIK3R1 were −9 and −9.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the results of the MD simulations, it appears that tiny molecules and proteins have formed stable complexes with low fluctuations. Conclusion: In conclusion, this comprehensive method emphasises the value of network pharmacology in conjunction with molecular docking and dynamic simulation in revealing the anti-PCa therapeutic potential of polyherbal formulations, opening up new possibilities for the creation of efficient anti-cancer medicines.

Introduction Reviews of commercial and publicly available smartphone (mobile) health applications (mHealth app reviews) are being undertaken and published. However, there is variation in the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews, with no existing reporting guidelines. Building on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we aim to develop the Consensus for APP Review Reporting Items (CAPPRRI) guidance, to support the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews. This scoping review of published mHealth app reviews will explore their alignment, deviation, and modification to the PRISMA 2020 items for systematic reviews and identify a list of possible items to include in CAPPRRI.Method and analysis We are following the Joanna Briggs Institute approach and Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step process. Patient and public contributors, mHealth app review, digital health research and evidence synthesis experts, healthcare professionals and a specialist librarian gave feedback on the methods. We will search SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus, AMED, EMBASE, Medline, APA PsycINFO and the ACM Digital Library for articles reporting mHealth app reviews and use a two-step screening process to identify eligible articles. Information on whether the authors have reported, or how they have modified the PRISMA 2020 items in their reporting, will be extracted. Data extraction will also include the article characteristics, protocol and registration information, review question frameworks used, information about the search and screening process, how apps have been evaluated and evidence of stakeholder engagement. This will be analysed using a content synthesis approach and presented using descriptive statistics and summaries. This protocol is registered on OSF (https://osf.io/5ahjx).Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications (shared on our project website and on the EQUATOR Network website where the CAPPRRI guidance has been registered as under development), conference presentations and blog and social media posts in lay language.

This research paper focuses on the fatigue analysis of load-carrying cruciform joints made up of thick plates, which are crucial components in ship structures. The study investigates the fatigue life of fillet welded cruciform joints using both 2D and 3D geometries. Various loading conditions and boundary conditions are considered, and an elastic-plastic finite element analysis is conducted using ABAQUS 2021. The number of cycles to failure is estimated using Fe-Safe and the strain-based Brown Miller Morrow model. The results, presented through contour plots, Log Life repeats, and Load Range vs. Number of Cycles graphs, reveal the fatigue behavior and failure locations. Additionally, the methodology is validated against experimental data from literature, demonstrating its applicability. The findings provide insights into the fatigue characteristics of load-carrying cruciform joints in thick plates, contributing to enhanced design and reliability in the shipbuilding industry.

Despite its ambitious “economic sustainability” objectives, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been the subject of growing environmental anxiety. Considering the CPEC developments, it is clear that Pakistan is ready to fully embrace this new industrial chapter and take advantage of its major benefits to solve social, energy, infrastructure, and economic problems. However, it should also seriously commit to undertaking proper environmental impact assessments and upgrading system resilience. Data was collected from 400 respondents from Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was applied with the help of AMOS. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate the results and test the study's hypothesis. The results indicate a strong socio-economic impact across perceived economic, infrastructure, social, and total impacts, but they identify a negative association between infrastructure innovation and environmental sustainability. Moreover, results revealed that infrastructure supports social and economic growth, but it might have a substantial negative impact on biodiversity. According to findings, Pakistan may be more vulnerable to climate change due to three potential environmental issues: coal-fired power plants, CO2 concentration along the CPEC route, and increased traffic on the Karakorum Highway. Furthermore, future international trade will be significantly impacted by the corridor. It may, however, also accelerate the destruction of the ecosystem over time due to the industrial revolution.

Summary: Background: Children in low and middle-income countries remain vulnerable following hospital-discharge. We estimated the incidence and correlates of hospital readmission among young children admitted to nine hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the CHAIN Network prospective cohort enrolled between 20th November 2016 and 31st January 2019. Children aged 2–23 months were eligible for enrolment, if admitted for an acute illness to one of the study hospitals. Exclusions were requiring immediate resuscitation, inability to tolerate oral feeds in their normal state of health, had suspected terminal illness, suspected chromosomal abnormality, trauma, admission for surgery, or their parent/caregiver was unwilling to participate and attend follow-up visits. Data from children discharged alive from the index admission were analysed for hospital readmission within 180-days from discharge. We examined ratios of readmission to post-discharge mortality rates. Using models with death as the competing event, we evaluated demographic, nutritional, clinical, and socioeconomic associations with readmission. Findings: Of 2874 children (1239 (43%) girls, median (IQR) age 10.8 (6.8–15.6) months), 655 readmission episodes occurred among 506 (18%) children (198 (39%) girls): 391 (14%) with one, and 115 (4%) with multiple readmissions, with a rate of: 41.0 (95% CI 38.0–44.3) readmissions/1000 child-months. Median time to readmission was 42 (IQR 15–93) days. 460/655 (70%) and 195/655 (30%) readmissions occurred at index study hospital and non-study hospitals respectively. One-third (N = 213/655, 33%) of readmissions occurred within 30 days of index discharge. Sites with fewest readmissions had the highest post-discharge mortality. Most readmissions to study hospitals (371/450, 81%) were for the same illness as the index admission. Age, prior hospitalisation, chronic conditions, illness severity, and maternal mental health score, but not sex, nutritional status, or physical access to healthcare, were associated with readmission. Interpretation: Readmissions may be appropriate and necessary to reduce post-discharge mortality in high mortality settings. Social and financial support, training on recognition of serious illness for caregivers, and improving discharge procedures, continuity of care and facilitation of readmission need to be tested in intervention studies. We propose the ratio of readmission to post-discharge mortality rates as a marker of overall post-discharge access and care. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1131320).

In this paper, we study the effects of activation energy and solar radiation on expanding solar sheets, as well as non-Newtonian nanofluid dynamics, which are important in these applications and are driving efforts to find solutions to the world’s energy problems. We provide numerical solutions to physical flow problems by solving partial differential equations. We utilise the MATLAB-integrated bvp4c methodology after applying similarities to turn these PDEs model into ODEs. By investigating dimensionless momentum, concentration, and thermal profiles under different conditions, our research delves into the physical relevance of nanofluids. Important flow field components have also been numerically and tabulatively studied and displayed graphically. The rates at which heat is transferred is 29.06% and 37.99%, respectively. The rate of heat transport rose by 13.93% as a result. At greater values for the Maxwell fluid parameter, the velocity profiles improved while the temperature profiles decreased. This paper contributes significant new information to the ongoing discussion in this area, which is in line with earlier findings.