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Introduction: Mental workload has been raised as one of the most important issues in the workplace. In jobs where there is a lot of workload, due to fatigue and improper scheduling, efficiency is reduced, causing decreased memory, impairs thinking, and decreased learning. Tired people are more likely to choose risky behaviors, such as taking shortcuts to perform their tasks. This study aims to determine the relationship between mental workload and fatigue in bank employees. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 190 employees of Shahroud Bank in 2019. In order to collect data, the questioning method was done using NASA task load index (NASA TLX) for measuring mental workload and multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 at the significance level of 0.05 using Spearman statistical test. Results: Bank employees had a degree of mental workload with mean score of 75.06, and two factors of mental stress and efficiency were relatively more important than other subscales. In terms of fatigue, bank employees had an overall degree of fatigue with mean score of 52.46, and two factors of general and mental fatigue were more important in their job. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the overall mental workload is directly related to the activity reduction component. The decrease in activity also has the highest correlation with efficiency, mental, and time subscales, which reduces the activity and productivity of bank employees.

Introduction: The productivity of an organization is closely related to the improvement of the safety and health of employees and the development of knowledge and skills of human resources in advancing the organization goals. Based on a combination of questionnaire and survey, this study examines the impact of implementing safety management practices on the performance and job satisfaction of employees in Iran's production units. Research Method: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400 on 200 employees and managers of the Hacoupian clothing industrial company located in Tehran province. 130 of them were selected based on random sampling using the Morgan table. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was further confirmed by experts by applying their opinions regarding its validity and reliability. It was approved by experts. The analysis method in this study is mainly descriptive and the type of research is relational. Data and research hypotheses were respectively tested using Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Partial least squares (PLS) approach through SPSS26 software. Results: Findings showed the appropriate fit of measurement and structural models. In addition, results demonstrated the positive effect of improving safety on the job satisfaction of employees in production units, as well as the negative effects of not paying attention to the health of the working environment on the quality of employees' performance. Conclusion: The more companies and governments pay attention to the issue of operational health and safety, the organizational and environmental situation will be formed in such a way that it will optimally motivate employees and increase the quality of production and operations in the organization.

Introduction: Occupational accidents not only reduce social credibility and impose a heavy economic burden on the organization, but also cause fatalities and disability among personnel. This study aims to assess risk and review safety promotion guidelines in railway construction projects. Methods: This study investigated the safety status of Tehran-Karaj railway construction and increasing lines project in four phases, including infrastructure, technical buildings, superstructure, and joint activities. The data were gathered by reviewing project safety documentation, reported accidents, and risk assessment results by failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method. Risks were categorized based on control ability at three levels, including low, moderate, and high levels. Control measures were prioritized based on the risk coverage percentage, cost, implementation time, and effectiveness. Results: In total, 377 risks were identified, 19.9%, 61.2%, and 18.9% of which were in the low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. The most frequently identified risks and the highest rate of accidents were related to technical buildings (42.2%) and superstructure (36.6%) phases, respectively. In terms of consequence, the most severe accident occurred in the infrastructure phase within the contractors' scope of action. Falling from height was identified as the greatest threat against the project, and collapsing, falling, and hitting with materials as the key cause of the accident. It was found that controlling 39.8% of the risks could avert 73.3% of the project occupational accidents. Conclusion: The findings reveal the major role of senior management commitment to safety and emphasis on control measures, including implementing safety program training, increasing visits, and safety inspection, as well as implementing a permit to work system in all operational phases.

Introduction: One of the important factors in providing safety and preventing stress in medical staff and patients referred to hospitals at night is the provision of standard lighting in the hospital. This study aims to determine the mean score of area artificial lighting and compare it with the standard in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the satisfaction of the medical staff. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), the intensity of general lighting at night was checked and compared with standard values based on the proposed models of the North American Society of Lighting Engineers using a lux meter, in Sina, Imam Khomeini, and Shariati hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The satisfaction of the emergency medical staff with the lighting of the hospital area was assessed by a short researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics of the data were provided by SPSS software, version 22. Results: Based on the results of this study, the mean and standard deviation of lighting in Sina, Imam Khomeini, and Shariati hospitals were 33.12 ± 47.84, 24.67 ± 54.51, and 6.73 ± 10.87, respectively. The results showed that 55.4% of night shift staff were not satisfied with the area lighting. The mean score of lighting of the general hospital area (19.19 lux) was significantly different from the standard of hospital area lighting (50 lux) (PV = 0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the mean score lighting of the hospitals area was significantly lower than the lighting standard and the need to improve lighting systems is emphasized.

Introduction: Occupational injuries are one of the most important challenges in health care systems, which can lead to the transmission of infectious diseases. Medical students are at risk due to internships in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is necessary to perform educational measures in this field for them at the beginning of entering the clinical setting. Therefore, the present study aims to implement and design an internship unit in the field of medical sciences with an approach of occupational safety and health in the clinical setting. Methods: In this educational course, after coordination and obtaining approvals, the target group of the study was determined and occupational health and safety educational course was designed and implemented on students who had internships in health centers. The satisfaction with the educational course was assessed. Qualitative assessment and students’ work reports in the field of occupational safety and health were also evaluated. Results: At first, students did not have sufficient and coherent information on safety and health issues. The results of this study show that from the perspective of the students, education was good and higher (71.6%) in terms of the applicability of the content. Moreover, 70.1% of the students reported that the adequacy of the education with job responsibilities was good and excellent. More than 80% reported that the workshop was attractive and recommended to continue, 37.3% stated that the educational resources provided with the workshop content were good, and the opinion of 29.8% was very good and excellent. The overall evaluation of the workshop from the students' point of view and quality assessment of the workshop showed that more than 77% of them evaluated the workshop as good and excellent. Conclusion: The educational courses, modification of accident registration forms in students in the clinical setting, and also the existence of clinical accident self-reporting programs, especially for students seem necessary. It is suggested that the concepts of occupational safety and health be added to the content of medical students' courses in the clinical setting as an educational concept. The results of this study can be implemented in the curriculum review to improve the safety of clinical setting.

Introduction: Ethics is a pervasive subject which covers all aspects of human life. The rapid growth of human society and the complexity of social relations require the emergence of various professions. Survival of these professions depends on the type and quality of services they provide and the trust and credibility that they gain as a result of providing these services. To increase the impact of professional ethics, it is necessary to have patterns consistent with culture and society, and by recognizing them, the dimensions of safe behavior by accountants can be explored. Research Method: This was an applied study in terms of purpose, and based on the research method, it was both quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population consisted of published domestic papers related to accounting professional ethics. In this study, effective criteria based on previous research were identified and selected in the form of 5 main indicators. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and implemented to determine the fuzzy cognition mapping pattern. Findings: Fuzzy cognition mapping among 5 main components showed that there is a cause and effect relationship between all components. However, this cause and effect relationship is positive in some cases and negative in others. Results indicated that an individual component has a negative relationship with an organizational component and a positive relationship with other components. Social component has a positive relationship only with the individual component and a negative relationship with other components. In other words, social component is inversely related to organizational, professionalism and environmental indicators, and the highest intensity of the reverse flow is related to the environmental component. Conclusion: By understanding professional ethics of accountants and identifying its basic components and determining the relationship between these components in different dimensions and specifying the importance of each of them, a specific framework or format can be designed and implemented for observing or not observing professional ethics by accountants and the desire to behave based on the code of professional behavior .This is to reduce unsafe behaviors, and as a result, reduce the rate of accidents in the country's industries.

Introduction: Safety climate and risk perception are two very important factors in safety studies that by examining and analyzing them, appropriate results can be obtained from the safety status of employees. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in 2020 on 388 employees of different departments of Andishmandan Jonoob Company project in Ahvaz. Methods: The Nordic Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate, the Flynn risk perception questionnaire was used to assess the risk perception, and the Likert method was used to assess the safety climate and risk perception assessment. Before distributing the questionnaire to the employees, a short educational class was held by the researcher on how to complete the questionnaire, and after distributing the questionnaire, the employees took 45 min to complete the questionnaire, and then the questionnaires were collected. To analyze the data, SPPS 24 software was used and to determine the differences between the studied variables, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was utilized. Findings: In this study, the mean weight and height of the subjects were 81.57±18.45 kg and 176.32±24.68 cm, respectively. Among the employees, 43.81% had a diploma, 37.37% aged 30 to 40 years, 76.03% had 1 to 10 years of work experience, and 80.67% were workers. The mean scores of different dimensions of safety climate based on age, work experience, and education level showed that the mean safety commitment of employees for age, work experience, and education level were 0.76, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. In this study, 14 workplace risks were considered that the risk of electric shock, back pain, and repetitive movements by employees did not have a score of 1 (very low risk). The risks of hitting the hot surface and falling objects on the foot by the employees did not have a score of 5 (high risk). Conclusion: The results of the mean scores of employees based on the safety climate questionnaire in the studied dimensions showed that the safety climate among the employees of the studied service jobs is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential risks in service jobs and reduce accidents, safety and health issues should be trained with proper and codified planning, and the safety culture of employees should be increased with new methods and new technologies. Regarding the perception of risk, it can be concluded that some risks were not felt by employees and were not observed by individuals; therefore, employees gave a low score to these risks.

Introduction: One of the most important factors affecting people's mental health and their interest in the workplace is the feeling of job satisfaction. This study aims to predict job burnout based on action flexibility and existential anxiety in female civil engineers in Yazd. Methods: The present applied correlational study was conducted on 150 female civil engineers working in Yazd engineering system in 2019. The tools used in this study were Maslach and Jackson (1981) job burnout questionnaires, Connor and Davidson (2003) action flexibility questionnaire, and Lawrence Goode (1974) existential anxiety questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Smirnov-Kolmogorov test, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data by SPSS 22 software. Results: The results show that there is an inverse relationship between job burnout and action flexibility, the value of which was obtained (-0.13). There was also a significant and direct relationship between job burnout and existential anxiety, which was obtained (+ 0.44). Conclusion: This study indicate that job burnout of female civil engineers in Yazd engineering system can be predicted using action flexibility and existential anxiety.

Introduction: Irreparable accidents, occupational diseases, and damage to the environment occur annually in the cement industry. Therefore, to minimize the risks, pay attention to the health of employees, and protect the environment, this study was conducted with the aim of “investigating the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering in the cement industry". Method: This was a descriptive study with the participation of 182 employees from a cement industry in Iran. They were selected according to random sampling and Cochran's formula. For this purpose, resilience engineering and HSEE questionnaire were reviewed and localized according to the studies and opinions of HSE and cement industry experts. Then, the status of HSEE management system and resilience engineering was reviewed. All analyzes were performed by one-sample t-test method using SPSS version 18 software. Results: The results of this study indicated that the average of dimensions of resilience engineering and the dimensions of health, safety, environment, and ergonomics management system are lower than the standard score. Moreover, reporting has the highest average (4.72) among the dimensions of resilience engineering and the environment has the highest average (4.76) among the dimensions of the HSEE management system. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that by examining the status of resilience engineering and HSEE management system, authorities can improve the performance of HSE management system using the concept of resilience engineering .This is done with proper planning of resilience engineering indicators to strengthen the performance of HSE management system. To improve the level of resilience, every effort should be made to change the horizons of senior management in order to value HSE issues and accept them as a value in the organization.

Introduction: Optimal nursing care is an important indicator of the quality and effectiveness of the health care system and is associated with professional commitment. This study aims to investigate the predictive power of adherence to nurses' care behaviors from patients' perspectives by nurses' professional commitment working in Urmia educational hospitals in 2018-2019. Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted on 100 nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019 who were selected by stratified random sampling. Demographic information questionnaire, nurses' professional commitment questionnaire (NPCS), and nurses' caring behavior inventory (CBI) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, correlation and stepwise regression. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a direct relationship between professional commitment and adherence to caring behaviors (r = 0.31 and p = 0.02). Moreover, dimensions of nurses 'professional commitment (perception of nursing, satisfaction with the nursing profession, getting involved with the nursing profession, and self-sacrifice for the nursing profession) account for 26% of the variance in adherence to nursing care behaviors. The dimension of nurses' professional commitment has the most significant effect after self-sacrifice for the nursing profession (P = 0.029, B = 0.30). Conclusion: Considering the role of professional commitment on the level of adherence to nurses' caring behaviors, it is essential to recognize the factors affecting nurses’ professional commitment and make comprehensive planning to enhance the professional commitment of nurses.

Introduction: The increasing importance of having capable employees in organizations to achieve the goals emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the psychological well-being of employees and the factors affecting it. This study aims to investigate the role of components of psychological capital and stress coping strategies in predicting the psychological well-being of employees of Hormozgan Gas Company. Methods: This applied correlational study was conducted cross-sectionally and by cluster sampling method in 1400 on 130 personnel of Hormozgan Gas Company. In order to collect data, Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-21), and Reef Psychological Well-Being scale (RSPWB) were used. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and stepwise regression test. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a positive correlation between psychological well-being and psychological capital and problem-based coping strategies and a negative correlation between psychological well-being and emotion-centered coping strategy. The variables of hope, resilience, and emotion-based coping strategy have an effective predictive role on the psychological well-being index. Conclusion: High resilience and hope and the use of problem-oriented coping styles predict higher psychological well-being of employees. Therefore, it is suggested that managers consider more educational programs to improve psychological capital, educate appropriate coping styles, and use more problem-solving strategies for employees, and strengthen resilience and hope in them.

Introduction: The present study aims to examine neuroticism, aggression, and risk taking as predictors of accident-proneness in line employees of National Iranian Drilling Company. Methods: The present correlational predictive study was designed to predict group membership (injured employees, uninjured employees) and achieve the Audit Equation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all injured and uninjured line employees at the National Iranian Drilling Company of Ahvaz working in the company during the last five years (from April 2010 to November 2013). The research sample consisted of 145 injured employees (over the past 5 years) and 115 uninjured employees, selected using simple random sampling method. The subjects were measured by Neo Personality Inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1992), SCL90R Aggression Index, and Risk Taking scale (Westaby and Lee, 2003) questionnaires. Results: The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software. The results of this study showed that accident-proneness of employees can be predicted only by neuroticism and aggression variables. The risk taking was not able to distinguish between injured and uninjured employees. Conclusion: According to the research results, in order to reduce accident-proneness in employees, personality traits, such as neuroticism and aggression should be considered.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between emergency management in the field of HSE_MS in Rastikar Alborz Dashboard Company in Qazvin province. Method: This was a descriptive study conducted with a survey approach. It was applied, in terms of purpose, and correlational, in terms of method of implementation. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees working in Rastikar Alborz Company. Based on the Chris-Morgan table, 169 people were selected as a statistical sample of the study using the relative class sampling method. In order to collect data, demographic characteristics questionnaires, researcher-made questionnaires on emergency management and safety, health and environmental management (HSE _ MS) were used. Then, they were validated by professors. Confirmation and reliability of the questionnaires were estimated to be 0.90 and 0.85, respectively, through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (dispersion indices) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, linear regression) were used to analyze the data by SPSS18 software. Results: The results of the study indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between the components of employees' level of perception of emergency management and management (HSE _ MS) {r: 0.19 and p /0 0.001}. The coefficient of regression was also equal to 0.44. Conclusion: Based on this result, the ability to predict and explain the dimensions of management (HSE _ MS) for the emergency management component is moderate, and the dimensions of management (HSE _ MS) were above average. Due to the importance of emergency management in the company and the significant role of safety, health and environmental management in this field, the authors recommend that programs such as training courses for employees be provided.

Introduction: Mental health is one of the social needs, since the proper functioning of a society requires people who are in a good condition in terms of mental health. Firefighters are the most important special occupations that need high physical and mental strength to perform their duties and missions safely. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mental health of Shahrekord firefighters. Methods: The present cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 152 people who were working in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province fire department in 2018 and the sample size in Shahrekord was 61 people and only 52 people cooperated. The data collection tool was Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using GHQ software. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between general health and the variables of age, level of education, and service history. However, there was a relationship between depression and age, and also depression and level of education. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that depression level is high among firefighters, which can cause a variety of physical and mental illnesses. People who are depressed may be unable to perform daily tasks and even feel that life is worthless. Creating such a mindset with increasing age and work pressure in sensitive jobs, such as firefighting can be very traumatic. The education level variable can also be used as a deterrent or reduction factor for depression.

Introduction: Hospital waste is one of the most important pollutants caused by hospital processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) risks of medical waste unit. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. The study tool included the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) technique. This research was conducted in three sections of medical Waste Unit of the Waste Management Organization including collection, processing and landfill sections. Results: The FMEA results showed that the highest levels of environmental Risk Priority Number (RPN) in the collection, processing and landfill sections were estimated 245, 392, and 294 respectively. Furthermore, the lowest levels of environmental risk in these three sections were calculated as 144, 80, and 60 respectively. The FMEA results indicated that the highest levels of safety and health risk in the collection, processing and landfill sections were calculated to be 252, 420 and 420, respectively. Also, the lowest level of safety and health risk in all three sections was estimated to be RPN=90. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that the level of hospital waste risk is high. Therefore, reducing the incidence of catastrophic consequences associated with these wastes should be considered a priority of the waste management system.

Purpose: In recent years, safety has become an important issue in developing countries and has attracted much attention from many organizations. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the effect of organizational culture on safety performance in the regional electricity distribution organization in Gilan province. Methods: The present research is an applied descriptive study. The statistical population of the research included 1311 employees of regional electricity distribution organization of Gilan province, 286 of whom were chosen as the sample through random sampling method and the required data were collected using the questionnaire. After examining the validity (content) and reliability of the questionnaire, the research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling method and based on Smart PLS2 software. Result: The findings show that (1) management commitment culture to safety on creating a safe work environment, (2) creating a safe work environment on concurrent engineering, (3) creating a safe work environment to design-for-safety and (4) design-for-safety on safety performance, have a significant effect. However, the effect of concurrent engineering on safety performance was not confirmed. The results also indicate that the model variables explain 73.9% of safety performance variations. Conclusions: The results can be used as a suitable procedure to explain the safety performance of employees of regional electricity organization in Gilan province. In addition, they provide a situation for managers to develop policies to improve safety performance by promoting predictive variables.

IoT technologies are also increasingly used in critical infrastructures. One of the most used Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies is LoRaWAN. This communication protocol provides an opportunity to design large-scale, low-power systems. Due to the robustness of the communication, it is especially suitable for ensuring stable data connections in extreme terrain and environmental parameters. Our research aims to determine the data transmission distance under different, extreme environments, as well as the radio parameters that characterize data transmission. Based on the measurement results, it is possible to indicate in which cases and in what way the LoRaWAN can be applied in the aspect of critical infrastructures.

This article focuses on the crisis management of a selected company in a pandemic. The first part focuses on the specification of the threat of a pandemic in the conditions of the company, and the definition of possible types of crises that a pandemic can cause. What effects can a pandemic cause a company and model crisis management to manage a crisis in a company caused by a pandemic. The article focuses on a specific company. The measures put in place by the company to avoid forced closures. At the end of the work, I suggest appropriate steps for more effective preventive measures in the company.

The heavy vehicle transport industry has been described as one of the most dangerous occupations with a high death rate. It is part of a complex socio-technical system with many interacting parts which can adversely influence a drivers decision leading up to a crash. Drivers continued to be blamed for crashes without the underlying causes being identified as investigation methods do not take these causes into consideration. This paper explains the complexity of the socio-technical system and suggests it is necessary to look beyond a driver’s behavior and focus on the actions and inactions of other actors that have influenced the driver’s behavior to understand what has caused a crash.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a collection of symptoms in the human skeletal and muscular systems, which are characterized by discomfort or pain. The International Labor Organization (ILO) stated that MSDs are the most common health problem among office workers in 27 countries under the European Union. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for MSDs among office workers. Method: This study used the literature review method by accessing an online database using different keywords, namely risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and office workers. Subsequently, 939, 1,421, and 243 articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed.Gov, respectively, with a total of 2,603. The inclusion criteria include papers published between 2011 and 2021, relevant titles and abstracts, primary study with a cross-sectional design, as well as full-text availability. Incomplete articles that are irrelevant to the topic were then excluded, after which a total of eight were selected for analysis. Result: Based on selected articles known that the risk factors for MSDs include age, gender, knowledge of ergonomics, work posture, work facilities, duration of work, physical activity, and psychosocial factors in the workplace. Conclusion: The significant risk factors for MSDs include increasing age, female gender, increased work duration, poor knowledge of ergonomics, wrong work posture, non-ergonomic support facilities, lack of physical activity, as well as poor psychosocial conditions in the workplace.

Introduction: Environmental factors such as vibration can affect work fatigue. The previous research results showed that there was a relation between vibration and fatigue, with the use of ergonomic seats by bus drivers. Then conducting experimental research on making ergonomic seat padding made from coconut fiber to reduce the level of vibration and driver fatigue was investigated. The purpose of this research was to analyze the differences in seating vibrations and the bus driver fatigue who did not use a padding seat and one who used it. Methods: The research design was experimental. The research subjects were 42 bus drivers. The vibration intensity was measured using a vibrometer and work fatigue was measured using a reaction timer, then the data were analyzed by T-test. Results: Based on research results the vibration of bus drivers who did not use seat padding was greater than those who did (p=0.001). Those who used seat padding had lower mean fatigue than drivers who did not use it (p=0.001). Conclusion: Vibration and work fatigue in bus drivers who did not use a padding seat was greater than those who used it and the difference was statistically significant. The use of ergonomic seating for bus drivers was very useful for reducing vibration.

Introduction: One of the efforts to reduce the risk of occupational accident and occupational diseases is awareness regarding the importance of the safety and health of workers in hospitals, which is also a top priority in hospitals during a pandemic situation. The application of health protocols and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are the main lines of defense against the risk of disease and occupational accident. So that the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is very important, especially for workers during a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mapping of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) with the incidence of occupational accident. Methods: The research used was an analytic observational type using a cross sectional approach, besides that the researchers conducted a survey of the conditions in the hospital. With a sample of 179 respondents in all parts of the hospital. Results: There is an effect of the use of PPE on the incidence of work accidents and it is necessary to have a mapping of PPE, such as gloves, safety shoes, surgical glasses, surgical gown, apron, mask, face shield, head protection, safety helmet, safety shoes, body harness, fire-resistant clothing, fire-resistant helmet, fire-resistant goggles, and fire-resistant gloves. Conclusion: Control is needed in the form of procurement of Personal Protective Equipment at Hospital X, including face shields, aprons, gloves, masks, head protectors, and safety shoes.

Introduction: The metal industry plays an essential role in rapid economic growth. The growth is straight with the worker increment and high occupational disease risk. Various materials, especially in the metal industry, can initiate contact dermatitis in the workplace. Skin is the organ that exposes frequently, and skin disease is the most common disease among occupational dermatitis. Allergens and irritants exposure contribute to contact dermatitis. In Indonesia, occupational skin diseases are 97%, and Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) is the most case, around 66.3%. This study aims to describe the influencing factors of contact dermatitis in metal industries workers. Methods: The study is a literature review using the electronic database search, namely Google Scholar, Research Gate and Garuda. The keywords occupational contact dermatitis and metal contact dermatitis are applied. The inclusion criteria are online databases from 2017 to 2022, completed articles, relevant titles and abstracts. Exclusion criteria include not completed articles, not relevant titles and abstracts. Results: The twelve articles use the same method, namely cross-sectional design. The questionnaire, observation, and interview were applied for the data collection method. This literature review presents factors influencing contact dermatitis: work duration, contact duration, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and personal hygiene. The articles reviewed collection are obtained through descriptive tests and analytical. Conclusion: As the review result that there are affected factors to contact dermatitis: contact duration, frequency duration, PPE usage, and personal hygiene. PPE is the dominant influencing factor to metal contact dermatitis.

Introduction: Mining is a field of work that has a high potential of risk, both in terms of health risks and safety risks. In its business processes, environmental factors are one of the potential risks that cannot be avoided by every employee. Physical work environment factors are everything around the workplace that can affect workers, either directly or indirectly, and can cause health problems such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dehydration. This study aims to determine the physical environmental factors that greatly influence employee productivity. Methods: This study used quantitative methods and the secondary data. Measurement of physical factors applied the standard Threshold Limit Value (TLV) in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 05 of 2018. Measurements were carried out in the workshop areas, ports, heavy equipment units, and office spaces of each department. In this study, measurements of physical climate include work climate, placement, and lighting. Results: The physical work environment is found to be good enough despite being below the standard in some areas, e.g., the lighting at the administration desk, the noise in the generator room, and some heavy equipment such as bulldozers and dump trucks. Conclusions: The physical work environment is still considered safe and will not cause health problems. However, the arrangement of lighting conditions, work climate, and noise can be improved to meet the overall OHS standards and the evaluation of other work environment factors.Keywords: literature review, metal industry, occupational contact dermatitis.

Introduction: Corrosion inhibitor (CI) is injected as carbon steel pipe corrosion protection with sulfur-containing substances in the product. One type of them is thioglycolic acid (TGA). Besides having benefits in maintaining pipe integrity, TGA can be decomposed to HS (hydrogen sulfide) due to changes in ambient temperature during storage, such as direct sunlight exposure on the field. This irritant gas can pose a risk to the health of chemical workers. Therefore, this study aims to measure the concentration of H2S in a CI product containing TGA. Method: The data were collected from an oil and gas company measurement report on 12 CI drums with 1-3%w of TGA content by using a glass tube detector. Measurements were performed by varying the measurement distance (0 and 10 cm from the mouth of the drum), observing the condition of the inflated drum surface, and determining the existence of internal pressure. Results: All samples were contained H2S, and the inflated drums had higher H2S content than those that were not inflated up to more than 200 ppm in the drum bore. At this concentration, workers can experience pulmonary edema significantly prolonged exposure. Biological monitoring can be done by analyzing thiosulfate content in urine and blood after exposure or routine examination at the end of the work shift. Conclusion: CI with TGA content has the potential of high H2S concentration, and it requires risk control such as engineering control, administration control, and PPE application to minimize the health impact of H2S exposure to the workers.

Introduction: The textile manufacturing industry has a noisy work environment as a result of the weaving machines which have a noise intensity exceeding the threshold value. Noise can cause complaints of hearing disorders. Other factors that influence hearing disorders are agework period, and the use of ear protection equipment. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, work period, the use of ear protection equipment, and noise intensity on complaints of subjective hearing disorders in the AJL Weaving Department of Textile Industry. Method: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional approach. Data were obtained by measuring noise intensity and distributing questionnaires to workers. Respondents in this study amounted to 45 people who were the total population of weaving operators and maintenance workers in the AJL Weaving Department of Textile Industry. Results: The results of this study indicate that age and work period have a sufficient relationship with complaints of subjective hearing disorders, while the use of ear protection equipment has a weak relationship with complaints of subjective hearing disorders, and noise intensity has a strong relationship with complaints of subjective hearing disorders. Conclusion: Individual characteristics only have a weak to moderate relationship with subjective hearing complaints. Meanwhile, exposure to noise intensity has a strong relationship with subjective hearing complaints.

Introduction: industrial mining activities have the highest prevalence of NIHL due to operating a heavy vehicle. Dozer is one of the heavy vehicles with a high noise level. Methods: This study was descriptive research about risk factors related to hearing loss of 28 dozer operators at PT. X. The risk factors consisted of demographic factors, working behavior (listening to music, smoking), noise levels were analyzed with hearing loss using STS. Interviews were conducted with the workers and company representatives. Hearing loss examination used an audiometric test to determine the STS of the operators with the result that positive more than 10 dB and negative at 10 dB or less. All the data is secondary. Results: noise level of all dozers exceeds the TLV (>85dB) operated for 10 hours a day and six days a week. Half of the dozer operators had STS (+) occurred at age 40 years and older, working for more than five years, not use the PPE or misused, the habit of listening to music and smoking. Conclusion: noise and demographic factors can increase the risk of hearing loss in dozer operators. The company must control by combining plywood, foam, tray, and coir material in the dozer cabin, which can reduce 31.94 dB and apply for PPE double protection.

Introduction. Timely and effective identification and assessment of all hazards and occupational risks is one of the urgent problems in the prevention of occupational injuries of industrial workers. Both legislative and regulatory acts and a number of foreign and domestic authors offer various approaches to such an assessment, the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of which is the subject of this articleProblem statement. The objective of this study is a critical analysis of the existing approaches to the assessment of hazards and occupational risks of workers in industrial enterprises.Theoretical part. As the basic information, state regulatory methods were used, as well as methods for assessing the occupational risks of employees of industrial enterprises, proposed by various authors.Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis, the ways of solving the problem of preventing occupational injuries of industrial workers on the conditions of "preliminary" assessment of their occupational risks, i.e. before the occurrence of negative events, are determined.

Introduction. In the construction industry, there has recently been a positive trend towards a decrease in injury rates. The authors have identified the specific conditions of construction work as a source of occurrence of prerequisites for accidents. The paper provides the analysis of a statistical sample of data on accidents and occupational injuries in the construction industry, which shows that the sources of the vast majority of cases of industrial injuries are avoidable factors.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the accident rate in the construction industry and several factors related to the education and qualifications of employees.Theoretical Part. As the basic information, the data of statistical reporting on occupational injuries provided by the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as materials from literary sources of domestic and foreign authors, were used. The method of complex assessment of the qualification of personnel is proposed.Conclusions. Functional dependences of the frequency of accidents at the enterprise on the criterion of qualification of personnel are determined. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the level of education of employees of construction enterprises, the correspondence of their basic education to the profile of the enterprise's activities and the frequency of professional development positively affect the overall state of the occupational safety system at the enterprise, including the reduction in the number of accidents.

Introduction. The problem of creating new sintered materials is now in the center of attention of the entire domestic community in the field of powder metallurgy. Today, when creating a new class of structural materials, first of all, it is worth paying attention to their strength properties. The article considers technological features in the formation of highquality interparticle splicing of dispersion-strengthened materials. High-quality splicing is primarily determined by the mechanical properties of the alloys, which show the degree of its completeness during sintering. Depending on the density of the materials, the sintering temperature and the percentage of carbon that is introduced into the charge, the mechanical properties of the material also change. The determination of these properties is the main task of the research.Problem Statement. To determine the strength and plastic characteristics of the materials under consideration, it is necessary to analyze how these characteristics are affected by free carbon introduced into the charge. Determination of mechanical properties will allow us to recommend an alloy with the best characteristics for further research.Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the processes of sintering of dispersion-strengthened alloys, carbon homogenization, and the effect of compaction density and pressure on the mechanical properties of alloys are given.Conclusions. The obtained mechanical properties show that the addition of 0.8% carbon is sufficient to achieve high strength characteristics. However, the addition of carbon by 20-30% reduces the plastic characteristics of the alloys. The results obtained in this work will help to recommend the material for the manufacture of products with high performance properties.

Introduction. Recently, sintered materials and products made of them have been increasingly used in powder metallurgy. In this regard, the issue of obtaining sintered products with high performance properties is acute. To achieve such properties, the materials are subjected to heat treatment. This procedure significantly affects their structure and mechanical properties. In production, sintered materials are most often subjected to subsequent hardening and tempering, as a result of which their equilibrium structure is established, grain growth stops, and strength characteristics improve.The article discusses the problems that arise in the formation of the qualitative structure of dispersed-hardened alloys as a result of their heat treatment.Problem Statement. The objective of this work is to study the phase changes in the process of cooling of powder steels and alloys in order to determine the modes of their heat treatment in order to form optimal conditions for the martensitic transformation of austenite.Theoretical Part. Phase transformations in powder steels occur in the temperature range at which their structures are rearranged, and as a result, the properties of the material change. The main factors affecting the phase transformations are the chemical composition of the alloy, the structure imperfection and the size of the grains. Changes in the structure and properties of alloys are considered in comparison with compact materials. Heat treatment significantly affects the phase and structural characteristics of powder materials, which are related to the mechanical characteristics of the alloys themselves.Conclusions. The conducted studies have shown that with an increase in the heterogeneity of the solid solution of steels, the temperature of the beginning of the martensitic transformation increased. A decrease in the temperature of the martensitic transformation with an increase in the degree of homogeneity of the solid solution occurs due to its enrichment with carbon and other alloying elements (chromium, molybdenum). With an increase in the percentage of carbon, an increase in the porosity of samples, the starting point of martensitic transformation also decreases. The temperature of the beginning of the martensitic transformation is not affected by carbides that are with austenite. These conclusions will help us to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials, as well as to develop recommendations for the practical application of heat treatment in the manufacture of products of complex shape.

Introduction. The paper analyzes the requirements for the implementation of occupational risk assessment at the enterprise. Until recently, this procedure did not actually have the necessary legislative basis, so the authors offer a detailed review of the key changes in the normative-legal regulation of occupational safety, which specifically touched upon the management of occupational risks.Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is a detailed consideration of innovations in the field of the occupational safety, which came into force on March 1, 2022.Theoretical Part. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation was used as the basic information for the study.Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate the need to create effective tools for the regulatory procedure of occupational risk assessment.

Introduction. The paper considers the problem of ice formation on the spray ring of vertical steel tanks (VST) in spring, which threatens the safety of operating personnel when carrying out technological operations. The necessity of introduction of means of protection against ice is emphasized, which will make it possible to release commercial operators from performance of high risk operations of ice clearing from dry pipelines.Problem Statement. The task of the research is to substantiate the use of possible ways of icing control on the tank spray ring.Theoretical Part. As the basic information, the modern methods of de-icing used in mechanical engineering, oil industry and construction are presented.Conclusions. As a result, the work proposes options for the use of means to fight against icing, through which the overall level of safety in the tank farm will increase.

Introduction. The research of energy-absorbing element made of aluminum alloy, which is part of the passive safety system of a racing car, is carried out in the article. Designing and testing of the energy absorbing element was performed within the framework of the technical regulations of the international student engineering competition Formula SAE. Formula SAE is an engineering competition of student teams organized by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).The design and analysis of the dynamic performance of the research object were performed in the computer-aided design system (CAD) ANSYS® Workbench SpaceClaim and ANSYS Explicit Dynamics.Problem Statement. The task of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the use of aluminum alloy as the main material for the manufacture of the energy-absorbing element of the passive safety system of the car.Theoretical Part. Eleven structures of different shapes (structures) made of aluminum alloy 6063 were developed as promising models of energy-absorbing elements. A simulation crash test (frontal impact) was carried out, as a result of which it was possible to study the flow of deformation in the structure, to find the main zones of stress and load. This study of energy-absorbing elements can be used to justify the choice of material for the manufacture of passive car safety elements by car manufacturers and machine builders.Conclusions. The result of the research is a simulated process of destruction (or deformation) of the energy-absorbing element responsible for the absorption of energy in case of a frontal impact. The dependence of the manufacturing material and the shape of the energy absorbing element on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the passive car safety system has been investigated. Loads and stresses appearing in the structure of energy absorbing element have been studied. The efficiency of using aluminum alloy in promising car passive safety elements has been proved. Simulations of crash-tests showed that the use of progressive materials of construction elements of passive safety of vehicles, namely, aluminum alloys in an optimized (as a result of modeling) performance allows you to achieve high levels of protection of the pilot and passengers of the vehicle.The analysis of the absorbed energy value distribution allows revealing the direction for further improvement of the car passive safety systems. The influence of energy absorbing element manufacturing material on the processes occurring during frontal impact has been established. A universal technology of crash-testing (modeling of impact processes) of an energy absorbing element with a rigid obstacle has been developed in Ansys software. The percentage ratio (redistribution) of energy absorbed by frontal elements of passive safety of the car has been investigated.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of improving the processes of periodic knowledge testing and assessing the qualifications of slingers to improve the level of professional skills, readiness to use appropriate devices, equipment and personal protective equipment.Problem Statement. In view of the often formal organization of regular (periodic) knowledge checks of slingers, which potentially leads to accidents at work, there is a need to apply new forms of organization and conduct of these activities.Theoretical Part. Periodic knowledge testing involves an oral examination in the commissions of the organizations that operate cranes. As an alternative to regular knowledge checks, the independent qualification assessment at Qualification Assessment Centers is of particular importance. Taking into account the widespread digitalization of production and the widespread use of IT technologies, it is proposed to develop and apply mobile applications for periodic knowledge checks of slingers, allowing them to visualize and choose the right solutions for performing labor functions.Conclusions. The high level of professional training of the slinger is an important component in the issue of increasing the level of safety in the operation of lifting structures, so special attention must be paid to the training of qualified personnel.

Introduction. The article analyzes the methods of assessing the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures). The indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" is proposed to assess the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures).Problem Statement. To assess the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures), various indicators are used that do not take into account the number of people present at the facility during the fire, but are dependent on this value. The calculation of the indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" as an additional one allows us to estimate the magnitude of fire hazard factors at facilities without taking into account the number of people who were at the protection facility during the fire.Theoretical Part. As the basic information in the study, the statistics of fires and their consequences for 2017-2020 at operated facilities grouped by functional fire hazard classes were used. The indicators used in the calculation are the number of fires, the number of people killed and the number of injured people.Conclusions. The indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" evaluates the probability of survival of people caught in the zone of exposure to fire hazards that lead to injury or death of a person, and characterizes the magnitude of fire hazard factors. Large values of this indicator may indicate a low level of fire hazard — the damage to health does not lead to the death of victims. The calculations of this and other indicators for objects of protection by functional fire hazard classes based on statistical data on fires and their social consequences are given. The high level of fire hazard in single-family residential buildings, agricultural buildings and cultural and leisure institutions is shown.

Introduction. The article discusses the harmful factors of foundry production. The authors analyze and evaluate the workplace of the operator of the shot blasting chamber and offer technical solutions to improve working conditions and reduce the development of occupational diseases.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of noise and dust pollution on the production sites of the foundry.Theoretical Part. In the course of the study, the most polluted areas were identified with the exceeding permissible values of the considered indicators of noise level and dust content. These are the areas of shake-out grids and casting cleaning. Measures to improve the situation were proposed, such as: organization of acoustics taking into account the characteristics of the production room (acoustic screens, soundproof partitions), a suitable sound absorption area of the premises, the improvement of sound absorption by upgrading the body of the shot blasting chamber.Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate a sufficiently high level of influence of harmful production factors on the operators of the shot blasting section of the foundry and the need to strengthen labor protection in this area.

Objectives: This study explored the perceptions of workers regarding mobile health (mHealth) services for physical activity and mental health. Methods: Single, online, one-on-one, 60-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted with workers living or working in Tokyo, Japan. The transcribed text corpus of the interviews was used as data to explore their perceptions. The top 200 nouns in the utterances were extracted and modeled using a bag of words (BoW) and embedded into a two-dimensional space. Results: The interviews extracted 476 utterances with 1,294 nouns from the 12 workers (7 males and 5 females). A total of 10 themes were estimated from the top 200 nouns. The participants mostly agreed that physical activity was effective in improving their mental health. They needed individualized, attractive, and easy mHealth services. Other estimated themes were: limited effects of non-leisure physical activity on mental health, lower priority on physical activity rather than sleep and rest, reluctance to share the data within the groups, and difficulties in wearing the devices to measure physical activity due to work rules. Conclusion: Workers’ perceptions of mHealth services were consistent with previous findings: the need for individualization, attraction, and ease of use. In the working population, mHealth services for physical activity and mental health should consider working conditions and focus on leisure-time physical activity. Social sharing might not be a mandatory technique because of the private topics and variety of associations between physical activity and mental health.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of potential advisors — human resources or services that advise workers when they experience health issues that affect their work and work-related health — with psychological distress and analyzed which human resources have a greater impact on improving workers’ mental health. Methods: An Internet-based survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The target population was workers between the ages of 20 and 69 years. Among a total of 5,111 participants, 4,540 were included in the present analysis. Participants were asked questions regarding potential advisors on work-related health issues. The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was used to assess psychological distress. We used a generalized linear model with a binomial response for assessing the relationship between K6 scores and each potential advisor on work-related health issues. Results: Participants without potential advisors on work-related health issues were significantly more likely to score both K6 ≥5 (cutoff for mild psychological distress) and K6 ≥13 (cutoff for severe psychological distress) than the participants with potential advisors (all p

Objective: To investigate whether implementing a radiation management safety checklist (RMSC) can improve personnel dosimetry among physicians’ dosimeter wearing rate for those performing fluoroscopy. Methods: Initially, we visually inspected whether the physicians were wearing personal dosimeters. Subsequently, during a “time-out” period recommended by the RMSC, the medical worker mutually confirmed whether the personal dosimeters were worn correctly. If errors in personnel dosimetry were noted, verbal recommendations to correct the error and follow double dosimetry were made. Lastly, the physicians’ dosimeter wearing rates before and during RMSC implementation were compared and analyzed. Results: Before the measurement period, the personal dosimeter wearing rate among all physicians who perform fluoroscopy at the study center (n=72) was 58.2%; during the measurement period, it reached 80.1% (χ2[2]=21.254, p

Objectives: While women are expected to support Japan’s labor force, they often quit their jobs because of pregnancy and childbirth. Occupational stress affects reproductive life events unique to women, including pregnancy intention and premature birth. This study aimed to examine occupational stress and its related factors among working women of reproductive age, especially from the perspective of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved a web survey of childless female workers aged 20–44 years, conducted in April–May 2019 in Japan. The survey items included the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, demographic characteristics, and work-related variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed with physical and psychological stress reactions as dependent variables and demographic characteristics and work situation as control variables. Results: Of the 904 employees, 450 were pregnant. Physical stress reactions indicated that being pregnant and stress risk related to job control, interpersonal conflict, suitable jobs were significantly associated. Further, psychological stress reactions including stress risk related to job overload, job control, interpersonal conflict, and suitable jobs were significantly associated, but being pregnant was not. Among pregnant women, being in the first trimester and maternity harassment were significantly associated with physical and psychological stress reactions. Conclusions: To ensure that women in their prime continue working through pregnancy and after childbirth, gender-friendly social systems and workplaces free of harassment are required, as well as workplace support systems appropriate for each stage of pregnancy.

The construction industry is complex, dynamic, multicultural, and full of diverse activities and dangerous machinery. Many accidents occur because of limiting factors, such as safety and health culture, requirements, poor training of workers, and the restricted technologies implemented to prevent, plan, and monitor risks. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognised to enhance project management, planning, and inspection, reduce time and costs, strengthen collaboration, and decrease risks and accidents. A wide array of BIM-based tools and technologies with various functionalities are being investigated to enhance construction workers' health and safety. Among such technologies and methods are tracking devices, Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR), automated rule checking, risk identification and Artificial Intelligence (AI). A systematic review following PRISMA Statement is proposed, aiming to investigate the current BIM-based technologies and evaluate effectiveness and usability within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry to enhance occupational health and safety status. Consequently, this PRISMA Protocol (PRISMA-P) represents a complementary document to the systematic review that will be developed. Related articles will be gathered from top electronic databases in construction, safety, and health fields. Moreover, the literature review will focus on the BIM and associated technologies utilised in the AECO sector, exploring the construction fields, targeted groups and the system architectures developed. Likewise, examine the evaluation methods of the implemented tools to assess each technology's effectiveness. Finally, after stating the limitations of each study, the article will propose a safety and health framework involving the most efficient tools involving the whole project lifecycle.

Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is an issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that a person spends, on average, 80-90% of their time inside a building, up to 60% of that time is at home. Therefore it is essential to control the pollutants in the indoor environment. This paper evaluated the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticle emissions during 3D printing with the most common Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Real-time aerosol monitors were used to characterise particulate emission, and laboratory analysis was used to check the VOCs levels. During printing, an increase of VOCs and nanoparticles was observed. This increase was more significant during printing with ABS filaments than during printing with PLA filaments. The nanoparticles size emitted for the ABS filament was smaller than the particles emitted for the PLA filament. A carcinogen substance like benzene was found during printing. The pollutants levels observed may cause health problems, and it is recommended that printing be avoided without engineering controls in place, e.g. a good ventilation and extraction system.

Introduction: Considerable media attention has recently focused on an increased number of professional athletes that experience forced retirement due to severe injuries. Despite the highly completive, physical nature and tolerance of risk in contact sports, no Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) awareness-related measurement instrument exists in professional sports. As part of a wider project, this study aimed to develop a survey instrument to evaluate risk and safety awareness in sports, taking elite rugby (union) as an example. Methods: Based on the identified conceptual framework incorporating theories from the OSH discipline, the survey has been updated for three rounds according to the feedback from a multidisciplinary team of experts before the pilot test. The pilot test data (n=46, response rate 76.7%) were imported to SPSS for analysis and validation. The survey's key themes included health outlook, tackle behavior, awareness of risk acceptance, reasons for risk-taking, and safety consideration for other players. Results: Overall, the survey has a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α= 0.742). Some sections of the survey require a further factor analysis, such as awareness of risk acceptance during the competition (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy - KMO

Construction work is one of the most hazardous industries worldwide. Accidents, incidents, injuries, occupational diseases, and illnesses at work represent a significant burden for various stakeholders, including society. Different project management approaches have been introduced to facilitate construction work and occupational safety (OS) in practice. This study focuses on OS in construction alliance projects. Alliances are an emerging new form of a project delivery method in construction. In construction alliance projects, the project stakeholders collaborate with mutual interest to achieve the best result for the entire project. Alliance projects are a relatively new mode of project deliveries in construction. A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed—to learn how OS has been acknowledged in alliance projects. The literature review shows the scarcity of research in this area. To in-depth the review, personal interviews were conducted at two large alliance projects in Finland. Interviews bring out the complex nature of OS management in alliances and highlight issues related to partner selection and site-specific OS management within alliances. This study deepens the very limited scientific knowledge of OS in alliance projects. By drawing together the existing knowledge on the topic, new insights are provided on developing OS management in alliance projects. In addition, several new arenas for novel empirical research in the field of OS in construction and the alliance context are proposed.

Introduction. Small fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a heterogeneous condition involving the thinly-myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibres, characterised by pain and altered temperature sensation and perception. Toxins such as alcohol and chemotherapeutic agents are known causes of SFN, with research into other toxic aetiologies well underway. Pathologists are routinely exposed to a variety of organic solvents, such as xylene, acetone and methanol, which potentially lead to the development of SFN. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all pathologists who were treated at the SFN clinic in our hospital between January 2020 and May 2021. Their clinical presentation, disease course, treatment and outcomes were described. Results. Three patients with SFN were identified. These patients experienced somatic symptoms of SFN such as burning pain, paraesthesia and autonomic symptoms including tachycardia and postural hypotension. Normal nerve conduction studies indicated intact large nerve fibres. Abnormal SFN tests including quantitative sensory testing, quantitative sudomotor axonal testing, and tilt table testing contributed to the diagnosis of SFN. Inflammatory and autoimmune markers were raised in two of the three pathologists. Toxicology screens performed later were negative, possibly indicating that blood solvent concentrations had decreased to undetectable levels over time. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) resulted in an improvement in symptoms and functional outcomes. Conclusion. Chronic exposure to organic solvents in the routine job scope of pathologists may lead to the development of SFN. Awareness of this hazard is imperative in order to ensure occupational safety.

Introduction: One of the most important key factors in achieving development is the optimal use of human resources. Therefore, it is of especial importance to pay attention to the talent and role of women in managerial positions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between glass rock, and job motivation and organizational maturity in female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. 367 female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were selected based on Morgan table and available sampling. To collect data, questionnaires regarding glass rock, organizational maturity and job motivation were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between glass rock, and job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The results of regression analysis also showed that the glass rock was able to predict the job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees. Conclusion: According to the results, the glass rock has a negative relationship with job motivation and organizational maturity of female employees. The presence of glass rock in the organization reduces the organizational maturity and job motivation of female employees.

Introduction: Heath is one of the most important issues discussed in all organizations including the arm forces. This study aims to provide a suitable substrate for outsourcing health, safety and environment (HSE) activities in the armed forces, by identifying the various aspects of outsourcing HSE, and reviewing the existing systems related to HSE. Methods: This documentary research was conducted among the arm forces in 1397-1400. In this study data were extracted using the keywords of the documents searched in the databases. Raw data were provided to experts in the form of questionnaires. Questionnaires were developed by Delphi method and an expert panel. Results: Results of the questionnaire on different aspects of HSE outsourcing by the panel of experts showed that 17 subsets in 3 areas of health (6 items), safety (6 items) and environment (5 items) are conceivable for outsourcing (military force use external organizations or individual to meet their necessary needs). After developing the systems evaluation questionnaire (A set of laws, regulations, bylaws, instructions, and directives that are developed to address standards of a particular subject, job, or profession), 14 instructions/bylaws related to 10 requirements (what should be observed in systems related to the armed forces) were evaluated, and the results showed that on average, 39% of the systems cover the requirements, 29% need to be reformed, and 32% of the requirements require major reforms. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that the use of systems in a country cannot fully meet the requirements of the armed forces, and requires some fundamental reforms. Also, not all aspects of HSE can be outsourced, and some requirements need to be considered before outsourcing.

Introduction: The complexity of working conditions in organizations, including employees' distrust, and challenging working conditions combined with a negative feeling, has led to a sense of frustration in organizations, which can be due to the conditions regarding the community and the organizational climate. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between organizational cynicism and job burnout with mediating role of organizational silence in lifeguards of Tehran municipal pools. Methods: The research method was causal, and applied in terms of purpose.A survey approach was used to collect data. Tools of collecting data were Kalagan Organizational Skepticism Questionnaire (2009), Dain et al.'s Organizational Silence Questionnaire (2003) and Maslach Questionnaire (1985) for Job Burnout. The statistical population of this study included 436 active lifeguards in Tehran municipal swimming pools. Sampling method was simple random. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, and LISREL 8.8 software was used for modeling structural equations. Results: Results demonstrated that organizational cynicism through organizational silence, affects job burnout among lifeguards in Tehran municipal pools. The effect was estimated to be 0.56 (z=4.96, ρ≤0.01). It seems that negative attitude of lifeguards, due to their fewer roles in decision-making and lack of information in the organization, causes them to react through silence, and the consequence of such silence, leads to job burnout Conclusion: As a result, the attitude of lifeguards towards their workplace can be negatively accompanied by unpleasant feelings, helplessness and anger, which seriously affects their performance Therefore, it is suggested that management, along with the presence of lifeguards in organizational decision-making processes and transparency, reduce burnout regarding this vital profession.

Introduction: Despite increasing advances, various industries are still involved in various accidents caused by Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) risks. These accidents, in addition to human and environmental damage, impose high economic costs. Accordingly, risk identification in order to prevent losses and Unfavorable results of events are performed. Therefore, the health, safety and environmental hazards of the safety shoe industry were identified and evaluated. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted, in 2020, in one of the safety shoe industries using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis technique (FMEA). The FMEA team was first formed to collect the required information, and then, the potential hazards were identified and recorded. Then, the Risk Priority Number (RPN) was obtained by multiplying the three factors of risk severity, occurrence and detection. Finally, modifications were proposed for unacceptable risks. All calculations were performed by Excel. Results: In 204 risks were identified 40 potential hazards with RPN from 108 to 300 and 164 potential hazards with RPN from 12 to 100 were identified. Gas with RPN= 300 and accumulation of explosive gases and vapors with RPN= 270 and electricity with RPN= 252 also inadequate lighting had the lowest RPN of 12. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that FMEA is an appropriate method for identifying risks and assessing the risk of devices, equipment and machinery in the footwear industry that can identify and prioritize existing potential hazards.