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Let $\{c_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ be a sequence of complex numbers. In this paper we answer when the range of $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\pm c_n$ is dense or equal to the complex plane. Some examples are given to explain our results. As its application, we calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets of a Rademacher series with complex coefficients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.

Polluting particulate matter suspended in the air is a leading cause of lung carcinogenesis, a process often accompanied by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the bronchial epithelium. By providing a continuous supply of nutrients, microfluidic chips simulate the spatial characteristics of the cellular environment to enable integrated, flexible and high-throughput analysis of cell growth and function. Here, we used a microfluidic chip to evaluate the effects of the air pollutant PM2.5 on EMT in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells and on alveolar macrophage chemotaxis. PM2.5 induced NF-κB, PI3K, Snail and N-cadherin levels and repressed E-cadherin levels in 16HBE cells and promoted macrophage chemotaxis. Collectively, our results indicate that PM2.5 causes EMT in bronchial epithelial cells via induction of inflammatory pathways and shed light upon its pathological effects in humans.

In measuring the overall efficiency of a set of decision making units (DMUs) in a time span covering multiple periods, the conventional approach is to use the aggregate data of the multiple periods via a data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique, ignoring the specific situation of each period. This paper proposes using a relational network model to take the operations of individual periods into account in measuring efficiencies. The overall and period efficiencies of a DMU can be calculated at the same time. Notably, the overall efficiency is a weighted average of the period efficiencies, and the weights are the most favorable ones for the DMU being evaluated. This model, together with two existing ones, is applied to measure the efficiency of 22 Taiwanese commercial banks for the period of 2009–2011. The three-year multi-period analysis shows that the proposed model is more discriminative than the existing ones in ranking the performance of the banks. The period efficiencies for the three years increased steadily, indicating that the performances of the Taiwanese banks examined in this work were improving over this period.

Gushing water in deep well and roadway has become a crucial technique problem which threatens mining safety. Taking advantage of transient electromagnetic, high-density electrical method and a combination of geological analysis, drilling testing analysis, an analytical method for gushing source and path was proposed, and types of gushing water were sorted in light of the cause of formation and governing strategies. Each gushing characters were systematically studied, thus forming the corresponding governing key techniques. Governing methods and main qualification for surrounding rock safety were proposed, with a careful consideration of the surrounding rock safety during grouting. The achievements are widely used in Guotun coal mine in Juye coal field with success, which offers a reference for similar engineering.

Architecture design is an important part of the top-level system design, which is related to the development efficiency and quality. Description framework is how to describe the ideas and methods of architecture framework, which help relevant system research personnel understand the architecture. This paper analyzes and summarizes the model of the architectural framework home and abroad, combined with the current development of information technology and information system building needs, which uses the ability to guide the construction, and uses the demand to tract the function. Studying process of building the "new three mutual" (NTM) architecture description framework, this paper designed and completed a six-view architecture framework work, which is more responsive to the current needs of information systems development.

Hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan nanohybrid coatings (HA/CS/CFs) on porous carbon fiber felts (PCFFs) have been fabricated according to the following stages: (i) deposition of chitosan/calcium phasphate precursors on PCFFs by dip-coating method and (ii) in situ formation of HA/CS/CFs by biomimetic method. PCFFs are covered uniformly with HA nanorods and chitosan, and the macropores in PCFFs still remained. Interestingly, the calcium-deficient HA nanorods with a diameter of ~20 nm and length of 50–100 nm possess poor crystallinity. HA/CS/CFs exhibit the excellent in vitro biocompatibility, which can improve adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Hence, HA/CS/CFs have great potential for bone scaffold materials.

The mesophase (iron aluminate, etc.) in steel slag was extracted by potassium hydroxide-sucrose (KOSH) solution method. The effects of partical size of steel slag, temperature and time of extraction on dissolution of mesophase phase were studied. The composition and morphology of the residue were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show the mesophase in steel slag powders (the weight was and the fineness was) could be fully dissolved when 4.00 g sample with a fineness about 600m2/kg is used and extraction temperature is kept at 90oC, however, other minerals in the steel slag could be hardly dissolved. The reason might be for that, in alkaline environment which provided by potassium hydroxide, the replacement of ions were took place between the mesophase in steel slag and the organic ligands formed by sugar and potassium hydroxide, and through the adsorption and polarization between ligand and steel slag surface, it will result in the decrease of activation energy of iron aluminate.

This paper mainly determined free chloride ion concentration of concrete beams of two kinds of water cement ratio (0.45and0.60) and bending load (0.00Fmax, 0.30Fmax, 0.45Fmax and 0.60Fmax) after 240 d in marine environment and compared the effect of different load conditions in the same water cement ratio on the free chloride ion concentration. The results show that the concentration of free chloride ion in tension zone of concrete increases with the increase of load level, the concentration of free chloride ion in compressed zone of concrete decreases with the increase of load level; under the same bending load level, the concentration of free chloride ion in concrete increases with water cement ratio.

We propose a new approach to discuss the consensus problem of multi-agent systems with time-varying delayed control inputs, switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks under hybrid-triggered mechanism. A Bernoulli variable is used to describe the hybrid-triggered scheme, which is introduced to alleviate the burden of the network. The mathematical model of the closed-loop control system is established by taking the influences of time-varying delayed control inputs, switching topologies, and stochastic cyber-attacks into account under the hybrid-triggered scheme. A theorem as the main result is given to make the system consistent based on the theory of Lyapunov stability and linear matrix inequality. Markov jumps with uncertain rates of transitions are applied to describe the switch of topologies. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates the feasibility of the theory in this paper.

As small-cell carcinoma rarely occurs in the hypopharynx, limited cases have been reported to date. Here we report the case of an 81-year-old male with locally advanced small-cell carcinoma originating from the pyriform sinus. Using imaging studies, the disease was staged as cT2N3bM0 based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition, with an enhanced heterogeneous mass lesion (15 mm × 25 mm × 29 mm) in the right pyriform sinus and confluent lymphadenopathies along the right cervical chain (up to 79 mm), encasing and compressing the right common carotid artery and right internal jugular vein. Considering his tolerance issues for concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), instead of selecting CCRT using the etoposide and cisplatin regimen, definitive radiotherapy (RT) combined with biotherapy with cetuximab was selected. After 7-month treatment, complete response was observed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image, with no enhancing lesion.

In this work, oxidized starch with high carbonyl contents is obtained in a rather simple way using corn starch as raw material and NaBrO as an oxidizer. The produced oxidized starch is evaluated by measuring the carboxyl content, carbonyl content, yield, and the intrinsic viscosity. The influences of pH, reaction time, temperature and oxidizer content on carbonyl content, carboxyl content, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of the oxidized starch are investigated in detail. It is found that the reaction conditions are readily controlled, and the higher carbonyl contents as well as yield of oxidized starch can be obtained compared with those reported previously, leading to promising products. The formation of carboxyl and carbonyl groups on the oxidized starch is confirmed by FT‐IR. The changes of crystallinity and the apparent morphology of oxidized starch are characterized with XRD and SEM, respectively.

Surgical excision is an optimal treatment option for sebaceous carcinoma of the orbital region. As tumor recurrence in this region might compromise the survival and locoregional control of patients as well as the cosmetic results, adjuvant radiotherapy is suggested to patients with adverse pathological findings. Here we report a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid that was treated using orbital exenteration and adjuvant radiotherapy. In 2011, a 54-year-old male was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of the left eyelid, for which he underwent surgical excision of the lesion. After 4 years, recurrence was observed with pathological evidence. Severe deterioration of the left eye function made organ preservation of little significance to the patient himself; instead, minimizing the chances of future recurrences became his priority. The patient underwent orbital exenteration as a radical treatment approach. Postoperatively, the patient was administered adjuvant radiotherapy owing to a less than 1mm deep soft tissue margin and advanced T stage. For 3 months after radiotherapy, the patient was followed up at a radiation oncology clinic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit revealed no recurrence. The last follow-up at 15 months posttreatment revealed the stable condition of the treated area and no evidence of locoregional recurrence. This patient has been followed up for 8 years since the diagnosis in 2011. This successful treatment response indicates that surgical intervention and adjuvant radiotherapy with appropriate doses could be considered in patients with sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.

Porous carbon fiber felts (PCFFs) have great applications in orthopedic surgery because of the strong mechanical strength, low density, high stability, and porous structure, but they are biologically inert. To improve their biological properties, we developed, for the first time, the hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan/carbon porous scaffolds (HCCPs). HA/chitosan nanohybrid coatings have been fabricated on PCFFs according to the following stages: (i) deposition of chitosan/calcium phosphate precursors on PCFFs; and (ii) hydrothermal transformation of the calcium phosphate precursors in chitosan matrix into HA nanocrystals. The scanning electron microscopy images indicate that PCFFs are uniformly covered with elongated HA nanoplates and chitosan, and the macropores in PCFFs still remain. Interestingly, the calcium-deficient HA crystals exist as plate-like shapes with thickness of 10-18 nm, width of 30-40 nm, and length of 80-120 nm, which are similar to the biological apatite. The HA in HCCPs is similar to the mineral of natural bone in chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology. As compared with PCFFs, HCCPs exhibit higher in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility because of the presence of the HA/chitosan nanohybrid coatings. HCCPs not only promote the formation of bone-like apatite in simulated body fluid, but also improve the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Hence, HCCPs have great potentials as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering and implantation.

In the micro-molding of component with a micro-sized channel, the ability for polymer melt to flowing into the micro-channel in a macro-sized part is a big challenge. The multidimensional flow behaviors are included in the injection molding the macro-component with a micro-channel. In this case, a simplified model is used to analyze the flow behaviors of the macro-sized part within a micro-channel. The flow behaviors in the macro-cavity are estimated by using the finite element and finite difference methods. The influence of the injection rate, micro-channel size, heat transfer coefficient, and mold temperature on the flowing distance is investigated based on the non-isothermal analytic method. The results show that an increase in the radius of the micro-channel and mold temperature can improve effectively the flowing distance in the micro-channel.

In this paper, faced with the modeling problems of analysis and calculation for iron losses in variable-frequency motor under no-sinusoidal excitation, the author points out a method that the iron losses can be calculated under any magnetic field ,that is waveform-Harmonic analysis method. In consideration of the impact of Power supply harmonics, Core saturation and Skin Effect, the author proposes a new parameter -- Harmonic Loss Correction Factor. From the comparisons between the prototype test results and the theoretical results show that this method has high accuracy and strong feasibility.

Objective To observe the impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in the patients with primary depression. Methods Forty cases of primary depression were treated by acupuncture at Bâihui ( GV 20), Yintang ( GV 29), Dazhuī ( GV 14), bilateral Shenmen ( HT 7), bilateral Taichōng ( LR 3), bilateral Neiguān ( PC 6) and Sānyinjieo ( SP 6). The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture treatment was given once every two days, three treatments a week. The brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were observed in 6 weeks of treatment. The change in Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score was observed before and after treatment in the depression group. Results After treatment, VEP wave latency was shortened significantly in patients of depression (P Conclusions The stressability of visual and auditory stimuli in the central nervous system was decreased in the patients of depression. Acupuncture shortens remarkably the brainstem evoked potentials latency in the patients of depression and achieves the effective results in the treatment of primary depression.

In this paper, firstly the operation principle of the brushless double-fed motor is introduced. Secondly by means of the single-pole slot-number phase diagram, the rotor windings are designed and analyzed, and it is proved that the designed motor can assure the equality of the induced branch EMF and satisfy the demands of other electrical properties. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the design principle of the BDFM, the Ansoft/Maxwell is used to establish the model of doubly-fed brushless machine with the wound rotor, the 2-D transient electromagnetic fields of brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) is calculated by finite element method, the magnetic force line and air-gap magnetic field is got, and the air-gap magnetic fields is analyzed by the harmonic spectrum. After the analysis of the finite element, the design of the BDFM with wound rotor structure can be achieved in this paper, and it provides the foundation for the rotor structure design optimization of BDFM and it also provides guiding significance for the BDFM.

The proton-facilitated ammonia excretion is critical for a fish's ability to excrete ammonia in freshwater. However, it remains unclear whether that mechanism is also critical for ammonia excretion in seawater (SW). Using a scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) to measure H+gradients, an acidic boundary layer was detected at the yolk-sac surface of SW-acclimated medaka ( Oryzias latipes) larvae. The H+gradient detected at the surface of ionocytes was higher than that of keratinocytes in the yolk sac. Treatment with Tricine buffer or EIPA (a NHE inhibitor) reduced the H+gradient and ammonia excretion of larvae. In situ hybridization and immunochemistry showed that slc9a2 (NHE2) and slc9a3 (NHE3) were expressed in the same SW-type ionocytes. A real-time PCR analysis showed that transfer to SW downregulated branchial mRNA expressions of slc9a3 and Rhesus glycoproteins ( rhcg1, rhcg2, and rhbg) but upregulated that of slc9a2. However, slc9a3, rhcg1, rhcg2, and rhbg expressions were induced by high ammonia in SW. This study suggests that SW-type ionocytes play a role in acid and ammonia excretion and that the Na+/H+exchanger and Rh glycoproteins are involved in the proton-facilitated ammonia excretion mechanism.

The effects of dietary administration of two probiotics, Shewanella colwelliana WA64 and Shewanella olleyana WA65, on the innate immunity of abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai Ino), and survival of juvenile abalone challenged with Vibrio harveyi have been studied. Two groups of abalone were fed with three different diets: one control, and two diets supplemented with 10 9 cell g −1 of probiotic WA64 (WA64 diet) and WA65 (WA65 diet) for up to four weeks. Results showed that abalone fed diets containing S. colwelliana WA64 and S. olleyana WA65 had led to an enhanced cellular and humoral immune response, notably higher haemocytes, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity and total protein levels were recorded after one week of probiotic administration. On the other hand, mortality after the challenges with V. harveyi in the group fed with control diet ranged from 77 to 80%, while mortality rates observed in the groups fed with diets supplemented with WA64 and WA65 ranged from 27 to 50% and 30–43%, respectively. The results demonstrated potential for S . colwelliana WA64 and S . olleyana WA65 to improve innate immunity and disease resistance in H. discus hannai .

Fluid power transmission and control, fuzzy control and related fault-tolerant control technology, which have been widely used, as the core of control and power transmission. At the same time the hydraulic system is developing to be large-scale and complicated, which makes the high reliability and safety more and more important. There is no doubt that the researches conducted in the hydraulic system of fault tolerant control field will create significant value in application. This article summarizes the Knowledge Modules of Hydraulic Fault (KMHF), which is the necessary premise to carry out researches on the fault-tolerant techniques based on Knowledge Modules of Hydraulic Fault. On this basis, this article takes the pressure-flow compound control module as an example, introduces the principle design, analyzes the static and dynamic of their pressure /flow control unit. Especially, the paper employs the simulation tools-AMESim, to conduct simulation calculation and analysis of the pressure perception control module which is based on Knowledge Modules of Hydraulic Fault. Besides, this paper has carried out experiments on the automatic hydraulic drill platform to research the test fault-tolerant control performance of the pressure perception control module. The simulation and test results show that the new fluid fault-tolerant technique based on Knowledge Modules of Hydraulic Fault proposed in this article practically improves the reliability and safety of the hydraulic system, and has great value for application.

The present study provides in vivo evidence to prove the functional plasticity of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in brains of vertebrates using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), energy demands are largely met by oxidation of glucose. In recent studies, in addition to glucose, lactate is also considered an energy substrate for the CNS. Astrocytes were demonstrated to play an important role in transporting lactate as metabolic substrate from capillaries to neurons through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The present study was to use zebrafish as an in vivo model to test the hypothesis of whether the various MCT homologs play differential roles in the development and functioning of the CNS. Using RT-PCR and double in situ hybridization coupling with immunocytochemical staining experiments, zebrafish MCTs1-4 were all found to be expressed in brains of embryos, and were further elucidated to be localized in both neurons and astrocytes. Loss-of-functions by morpholino knockdown further provided in vivo evidences to infer that zMCTs1, -2, and -4 may be involved in metabolite transport and functioning in the developing brain. Subsequent rescue experiments with capped mRNAs of specific isoforms further indicated that zMCT2 is an indispensable monocarboxylate-transporting route for CNS development and function in zebrafish. This information is essential for identifying proper candidates of MCT isoforms that are involved in the development and functioning of the CNS.

This paper studied the change regulation of the electrical resistivity of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glasses with the rate of SrO/(CaO + SrO) in the range 600~1600°C.The results showed that a mixed alkaline effect was observed with the increase of SrO content in alkali-free aluminoborosilcate glasses: the maximam resistivity of 178Ωcm appeared at SrO/(CaO+SrO) ratio =0.24, which is much larger than 108Ωcm at SrO=0. Meanwhile, the experiment results showed that the SrO makes stronger influence on the resistivity of the glass than CaO does. The Arrhenius plots, which showed the change of the resistivity with temperature in range of 1100~1625°C, present nonlinear variation, and an inflection at about 1100°C. It proved that the electrical resistivity of the alkali-free aluminoborosilcate glasses were controlled by the ionic radius of alkaline earth metals and the viscosity of glass melts.

Oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor which is important for adaptive metabolic responses under conditions of increased energy demand, such as cold, exercise and fasting. Importantly, metabolism under these conditions is usually accompanied by elevated production of organic acids, which may threaten the body acid–base status. Although ERR α is known to help regulate ion transport by the renal epithelia, its role in the transport of acid–base equivalents remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ERR α is involved in acid–base regulation mechanisms by using zebrafish as the model to examine the effects of ERR α on transepithelial H + secretion. ERR α is abundantly expressed in H + -pump-rich cells (HR cells), a group of ionocytes responsible for H + secretion in the skin of developing embryos, and its expression is stimulated by acidic (pH 4) environments. Knockdown of ERR α impairs both basal and low pH-induced H + secretion in the yolk-sac skin, which is accompanied by decreased expression of H + -secreting-related transporters. The effect of ERR α on H + secretion is achieved through regulating both the total number of HR cells and the function of individual HR cells. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that ERR α is required for transepithelial H + secretion for systemic acid–base homeostasis.

Ternary carbonates with a relative low melting point and a high operating temperature is one of the promising heat transfer fluids for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). In the present work, ternary carbonates nanofluids of K 2 CO 3 -Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 (4:4:2, mass ratio) with nanoparticles were prepared by using a two step solution method. The specific heat capacity of ternary carbonates nanofluids with different nanoparticles (SiO 2 , CuO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) or SiO 2 with different size (5, 20, 30, 60 nm) were investigated. The results show that SiO 2 nanoparticles are the most effective additive among of the chosen nanoparticles in enhancing the specific heat capacity of ternary carbonates. The enhancement of specific heat capacity of ternary carbonates is 78.0–116.8% in the range of 500–540 °C when adding SiO 2 in the range of 5–30 nm. The enhancement of specific heat capacity of ternary carbonates nanofluids with CuO, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are 50.6–73.9%, 31.1–56.5% and 50.6–66.5% in the range of 500–540 °C, respectively. It is proved that there is no chemical reactions between ternary carbonates and the added nanoparticles. The difference in the enhanced specific heat capacity is mainly depended on the dispersive state of nanoparticles and the resulting amount of needle-like nanostructures in ternary carbonates nanofluids.

In order to study the safety mining of the deep buried coal seams being threatened by high pressure karst water, relative impermeability of the Ordovician top is demonstrated through studying lithology，filling degree of the karst fissures as well as wash water quantity, in the Baode mine field. Furthermore, the main influencing factors on impermeability of coal seam floor are analyzed, and divisional risk assessment of floor water-inrush from the Ordovician karst aquifer is performed. Overall，by considering the relative impermeable strata in the Ordovician top, the accuracy of risk assessment on coal floor water-inrush can be improved.

World Wide Web has popularly developed in everywhere and everyday people since 1997; this research considers internet education, E-Learning, cutting edge and clever approach. Its revolution will improve the models and principals of traditional education around the world. E-Learning interface is perceived as a communication protocol that is much more human, friendly and intelligent interaction in future such as icloud or touch panel technology, even if non-experience users can easily or conveniently operate the system. Human-machine interaction interface is required by a particular software design. This study applies five factors by structural equation modeling method to determine what criteria of E-Learning users-interface could be satisfied in the virtual classroom. The main purpose finds out the efficient systems that save time, money, and resources to establish the optimal virtual classroom for users required satisfaction exactly. The results and findings provide critical implications and recommendations for interface designers and instructors in future research and practice.

The current work describes the combined data of three field campaigns, spanning 2009–2013. Their joint gravity and GPS observations thoroughly cover the sites of lithospheric flexure between the Sichuan Basin and the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The study area’s free-air gravity anomalies (FGAs) are updated by using a remove-and-restore algorithm which merges EGM2008 data with in situ observations. These new FGAs show pairs of positive and negative anomalies along the eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. The FGAs are used to calculate effective elastic thickness (T e) and load ratios (F) of the lithosphere. Admittance analysis indicates the T e of Longmen Shan (LMS) to be 6 km, and profile analysis indicates that the T e of the Sichuan Basin excesses 30 km. The load ratio (F 1 = 1) confirms that the lithospheric flexure of the LMS area can be attributed solely to the surface load of the crust.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of various cushions on skin temperature and moisture at the body-seat interface during a 2-hour period of continuous sitting. Seventy-eight participants were randomly assigned to sit on one of the three types of wheelchair cushions for unrelieved sitting for over 2 hours. Skin temperature and relative humidity (RH) were measured under the subjects' ischial tuberosities and thighs bilaterally with digital temperature and humidity sensors. Data were collected before sitting and at 15-minute intervals thereafter. Participants sitting on foam-fluid hybrid cushions showed significantly lower skin temperatures than those sitting on air-filled and foam cushions (p 0.05), but RH did not differ significantly among the cushions (p = 0.97). The three cushions produced a similar increasing trend in RH over time and RH reached a plateau during the 2-hour sitting period. To select the appropriate wheelchair cushion, the microclimate (heat and moisture control) between the body-seat interface should be considered as well as pressure distribution. In comparison with foam-fluid hybrid cushions, the air-filled rubber and foam cushions tended to increase skin temperature by several degrees after prolonged sitting. However, cushion materials did not have significant differences in moisture accumulations.

Ionocytes in the skin and gills of seawater (SW) teleosts are responsible for both salt and acid secretion. However, the mechanism through which ionocytes secrete acid is still unclear. Here, we hypothesized that apical Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE2/3), carbonic anhydrase (CA2-like) and basolateral HCO3−/Cl− exchanger (AE1) are involved in acid secretion. In addition, the hypothesized involvement of basolateral AE1 suggested that acid secretion may be linked to Cl− secretion by ionocytes. The scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) was used to measure H+ and Cl− secretion by ionocytes in the skin of medaka larvae acclimated to SW. Treatment with inhibitors of NHE, CA and AE suppressed both H+ and Cl− secretion by ionocytes. Short-term exposure to hypercapnic SW stimulated both H+ and Cl− secretion. mRNA of CA2-like and AE1 were localized to ionocytes in the skin. Branchial mRNA levels of NKCC1a, CA2-like and AE1a increased together with the salinity to which fish were acclimated. In addition, both AE1a and AE1b mRNA increased in fish acclimated to acidified (pH 7) SW; NKCC1a mRNA increased in fish acclimated to pH 9 SW. This study reveals the mechanism of H+ secretion by ionocytes and refines our understanding of the well-established mechanism of Cl− secretion by ionocytes of SW fish.

When the Moore's Law goes to the limit, “Industry 4.0” intelligent industry will rise. The development of sensors is the most important application of IOT. Single-chip three-axis Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) sensor technology requires the integration of the ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) with sensor itself. To have stable yields for production, its biggest challenge will be the reliability verification.

Molecular mechanisms of Na+, Cl−, and Ca2+ regulation in ionocytes of fish have been well investigated. However, the regulatory mechanism of K+ in fishes has been largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of K+ regulation in medaka larvae acclimated to fresh water. Using a scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) to measure the K+ fluxes at skin cells, significant K+ effluxes were found at ionocytes; in contrast, significant K+ influxes were found at the boundaries between keratinocytes. High K+ water (HK) acclimation induced the K+ effluxes at ionocytes and suppressed the K+ influxes at keratinocytes. The K+ effluxes of ionocytes were suppressed by VU591, bumetanide and ouabain. The K+ influxes of keratinocytes were suppressed by TAP. In situ hybridization analysis showed that mRNA of ROMKa was expressed by ionocytes in the skin and gills of medaka larvae. Quantitative PCR showed that mRNA levels of ROMKa and NKCC1a in gills of adult medaka were upregulated after HK acclimation. This study suggests that medaka obtain K+ through a paracellular pathway between keratinocytes and extrude K+ through ionocytes; apical ROMKa and basolateral NKCC1a are involved in the K+ secretion by ionocytes.

The basic characteristics of the cement-sodium silicate grout were researched. Viscosity tests were performed. The viscosity curve and temperature curve with time were obtained. The change law of viscosity was analyzed. According to the varying characteristics of grout viscosity, the process was divided into three stages: low viscosity period, the growth period and curing period. solidification tests were carried out for cement-sodium silicate grout with different temperatures, densities and water-cement ratios. Three parameters affected the initial setting time of the grout significantly.

In this paper, the early hydration procedure of standard cement materials is tested and analysized with electrodeless resistivity method. The experimental results show that for standard cement material, the early hydration procedure can be divided into 4 stages: dissolution period, setting period, acceleration period and deceleration period, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic point according the experimental data can be defined to determined stage in the hydration procedure, and be related with the key parameters for cement materials in hydration procedure, such as water/cement ratio. The electrodeless resistivity method can be used to predict the hydration behavior, especially early hydration behavior of cement as a new measurement technology.

Aims: Left ventricular (LV) function is a predictor for future cardiac events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The aim of this study was to assess whether left atrium (LA) function has additional predictive value for the prognosis of NSTE-ACS patients, especially when assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Methods and Results: This study prospectively recruited 164 patients with NSTE-ACS where clinical and echocardiographic parameters were collected within the first 72 hours of admission. Primary end point was assessed during the 6-month follow-up period which included cardiac mortality and/or rehospitalization for recurrent ACS or heart failure. Atrial function was assessed by conventional echocardiographic parameters and by TDI that measured the mean atrial contraction velocity at the midsegments of interatrial septum, anterior, inferior, and lateral wall of LA (mLA-V). The primary end point occurred in 33 (20.1%) patients who had lower mLV-A (5.4 ± 1.6 vs 6.5 ± 1.4 cm/sec, P < 0.01). Patients with mLA-V

Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit is the largest Pb-Zn deposit discovered in the middle Tianshan area. Examples of Carboniferous magmatic and tectonic activity are widely distributed. The ore bodies are controlled by EW trend faults, based on field observations. The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, while quartz, sericite and calcite are the main alteration minerals. The ore also exhibits minerals zoning. In addition, the wide range of S isotopic composition, high temperature and moderate salinity of fluid inclusions, and good correlation of ore and wall rock Pb isotopes together with H, O, C isotopic compositions indicate mixing of magmatic origin and upper sedimentary rocks. Combined with high concentration of pyrite and pyrrhotite and some argentite, the Pb-Zn deposit may be controlled by the Hercynian orogeny, which controlled the EW-NEE faults and Carboniferous igneous rocks. The faults provided the channel for fluid transport and the igneous rocks provided heat and main source of the metals. When the fluid passed through metal-bearing rocks, it extracted Pb, Zn, Ag etc.. Interaction of the metal-bearing fluid with the brecciated and fractured marble caused the metals to be deposited. Thus the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit is a fault-controlled hydrothermal deposit.

To investigate whether Na+uptake by zebrafish is dependent on NH4+excretion, a scanning ion-selective electrode technique was applied to measure Na+and NH4+gradients at the yolk-sac surface of zebrafish larvae. Low-Na+acclimation induced an inward Na+gradient (uptake), and a combination of low Na+and high NH4+induced a larger inward Na+gradient. When measuring the ionic gradients, raising the external NH4+level (5 mM) blocked NH4+excretion and Na+uptake; in contrast, raising the external Na+level (10 mM) simultaneously enhanced Na+uptake and NH4+excretion. The addition of MOPS buffer (5 mM), which is known to block NH4+excretion, also suppressed Na+uptake. These results showed that Na+uptake and NH4+excretion by larval skin are associated when ambient Na+level is low. Knockdown of Rhcg1 translation with morpholino-oligonucleotides decreased both NH4+excretion and Na+uptake by the skin and Na+content of whole larvae. Knockdown of nhe3b translation or inhibitor (5-ethylisopropyl amiloride) treatment also decreased both the NH4+excretion and Na+uptake. This study provides loss-of-function evidence for the involvement of Rhcg1 and NHE3b in the ammonium-dependent Na+uptake mechanism in zebrafish larvae subjected to low-Na+water.

The impact property of injection-molded plastic components is an important factor to judge their quality. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of processing conition on impact property of injection-molded polycarbonate (PC). By changing the processing conitions such as injection molding parameters and thermal treatment, different impact samples were acquired. Then, Izod and Charpy notch impact tests were carried out to research the relation between the impact strength and the prcessing conditions. The results imply that different processing conitions will lead to different changes of impact property.

In this study, PA66 nanofibers were successfully solution electrospun. The crystalline morphological features of HDPE solution induced by nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) can be formed in HDPE solution via isothermal crystallization, in which PA66 nanofibers serve as shish and HDPE lamellae act as kebabs surrounding the nanofibers periodically. Additionally, crystallization time has significant effect on the structure of HDPE kebab in NHSK, i.e., as crystallization time increases, the size of the kebab increases and the crystals decorated on PA66 nanofibers exhibit a three-dimensional growth (i.e., aggregate of crystallites) rather than a two-dimensional one (i.e., disc-like lamellae normal to the axis of nanofiber).

Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of decisionmaking units (DMUs) requires the observations to have precise values. When observations are imprecise and represented by interval values, the efficiencies are also expected to reflect interval values. Several methods exist to calculate the interval overall and technical efficiencies, but such methods are unable to calculate the interval scale efficiency. The focus of this paper is the application of a two-level programming technique to formulate the problem of determining the bounds of the interval scale efficiency. The associated models are essentially nonlinear programs with only bound constraints for variables in a sophisticated form. Hence, one can modify the conventional quasi-Newton method for unconstrained nonlinear programming problems to solve the two-level programs. Two examples with interval data, one hypothetical and one real, aid in explaining the proposed method and the properties of the results.

For the large and complicated injection mold, the deformation of mold is one of the important factors to affect the plastic part quality and mold life. However, the accurate prediction of mold deformation is usually difficult because of the no-matching mesh between the part molding analysis and the mold structural analysis. Their analysis results can not be directly imported mutually, which leads to the loading of boundary condition having much obstacles in integrated analysis. To conquer the problem, this paper researches and develops an injection molding simulation system(Z-mold) based on Hele-shaw model, and establishes the data share interface between Z-mold and ANSYS by means of uniform mesh. Based on these studies, this paper carries out the integrated analysis of injection molding and mold. The deformation of mold under the load of the real molding pressure is successfully predicted, which is more accurate than the estimation by use of the empirical formula. This paper’s integrated study possesses great application value.

In the present study, the compatibility and degradability of L-tyrosine derived polycarbonate(PC)/Poly(ethylene glycol) blend were investigated. The PC was synthesized in our laboratory. Blends of the polymers with compositions 95/5, 85/15, 75/25,50/50 and 25/75 w/w were prepared by solution-casting. The blends were characterized by FT-IR,DSC,XRD,SEM. No obvious two phases were observed. Analysis of water absorption revealed that the combination of PC and PEG improved the hydrophilicity of PC. DSC and SEM analysis implied that all those components in consideration were compatible well in the blend formulation systems.Tg of the blends decreased with increasing PEG content. With the increase of the soft segment PEG content, the water retention ratio increases from 37% to 83%.

In order to further investigate the influence of mold temperature in rapid heat cycle molding on shrinkage of plastic past, a self-developed vehicle-used blue-tooth front shell high-gloss mold and an auxiliary device for controlling the mold temperature were employed in experiments. And the effect of the other parameters on shrinkage of part with fixed or changed mold temperature conditions was also studied. Results reveal that the shrinkage of RHCM part is reduced obviously compared with a conventional one, decreasing as quasi-linear with mold temperature increased gradually. At same mold temperature conditions, packing pressure, followed by packing time, is the most significant parameter on shrinkage of part, while cooling time has almost no impact on it. Melt temperature and injection pressure effecting on shrinkage of part exists a critical value, near the thermal deformation temperature of plastic. When mold temperature is set below this temperature, injection pressure has more significant than melt temperature, but it is the opposite. With being elevated gradually of mold temperature, shrinkage of part shows a slight decrease trend under same melt temperature and injecting pressure. While it fluctuates as a “V” shape with a narrow range under same packing pressure, packing time and cooling time presumed conditions, and reaches the minimum near the thermal deformation temperature of plastic.

In the present study, the compatibility and degradability of L-tyrosine derived polycarbonate(PC)/Chitosan（CTS）blend were investigated. The PC was synthesized in our laboratory. Blends of the polymers with compositions 4/1, 3/1, 1/1,1/3 and 1/4 w/w were prepared by solution-casting. The blends were characterized by FT-IR,DSC,XRD,SEM. No obvious two phases were observed. DSC and SEM analysis implied that all those components in consideration were compatible well in the blend formulation systems.Tg of the blends decreased with increasing PEG content. With the increase of the CTS content, the water retention ratio increases from 15% to 61%.

This study evaluated spatial Phi(th) inside a 70kg water phantom using the NAA method. Fifty indium foils were placed inside the water phantom and exposed under 15MV LINAC for 2.5min to yield the 10Gy X-ray dose. The Phi(th) value at the isocenter of the water was 1.03x10(6)ncm(-2)/Gy-X, and the maximum quantity of Phi(th) appeared at the water surface along the z-axis, 3.99x10(6)ncm(-2)/Gy-X. The thermal neutron dose at isocenter of the water phantom occupied approximately 0.151% of the whole photo and neutron dose.