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ContextMolecular tests are useful in detecting COVID-19, but they are expensive in developing countries. COVID-19-sniffing dogs are an alternative due to their reported sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (>90%). However, most of the published evidence is experimental, and there is a need to determine the performance of the dogs in field conditions. Hence, we aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19-sniffing dogs in the field.MethodsWe trained four dogs with sweat and three dogs with saliva of COVID-19-positive patients, respectively, for 4.5 months. The samples were obtained from a health center in Hermosillo, Sonora, with the restriction to spend 5 min per patient. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTwo sweat-sniffing dogs reached 76 and 80% sensitivity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the random value of 50%, and 75 and 88% specificity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the 50% value. The 95% CI of the sensitivity and specificity of the other two sweat dogs overlapped the 50% value. Two saliva-sniffing dogs had 70 and 78% sensitivity, and the 95% CI of their sensitivity and specificity did not overlap the 50% value. The 95% CI of the third dog's sensitivity and specificity overlapped the 50% value.ConclusionFour of the six dogs were able to detect positive samples of patients with COVID-19, with sensitivity and specificity values significantly different from random in the field. We considered the performance of the dogs promising because it is reasonable to expect that with gauze exposed for a longer time to sweat and saliva of people with COVID-19, their detection capacity would improve. The target is to reach the sensitivity range requested by the World Health Organization for the performance of an antigen test (≥80% sensitivity, ≥97% specificity). If so, dogs could become important allies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.

El proyecto realiza el estudio de las respuestas de acción en zona 1 y 2 de protección del IED de distancia siemens 7SA86 con característica poligonal y Mho. Se analiza el caso de corriente intermedia, caso de acoplamiento mutuo de líneas paralelas y la coordinación con dos relés en el laboratorio de protecciones de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana sede Cuenca. The project studies the action responses in zone 1 and 2 of protection of the IED of distance siemens 7SA86 with polygonal characteristic and Mho. It analyzes the case of intermediate current, case of mutual coupling of parallel lines and coordination with two relays in the protection laboratory of the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Cuenca.

La biomasa de microalgas puede ser aprovechable en el sector energético, nutricional, farmacéutico y cosmético. Dependiendo de la especie y las condiciones de cultivo, se obtienen diferentes productos de valor agregado como lípidos, proteínas, carbohidratos, ficobiliproteínas, ácidos grasos, vitaminas, antioxidantes, biopolímeros y pigmentos que pueden tener una aplicación potencial en diversas industrias, incluyendo su uso como suplementos nutricionales para la alimentación humana, fuente de β-caroteno, ácidos grasos ω-3, biopolímeros de astaxantina, bioplásticos, nutracéuticos, clorofila y carotenoides (luteína, zeaxantina). Los compuestos bioactivos de las microalgas actúan como componentes antivirales, antibacterianos, antipalúdicos, antioxidantes, antimicóticos, antitumorales y antiinflamatorios. Los pigmentos orgánicos naturales como la clorofila, los carotenoides y las ficobiliproteínas están ganando importancia en varias industrias cosméticas, alimentarias y textiles. En este trabajo se evaluó la producción de lípidos totales, triacilglicéridos, proteína total soluble, clorofila total (clorofila a y b) y carotenoides totales generados por las microalgas Scenedesmus acutus y Chlorella vulgaris, con la adición de ácido indolacético (AIA), ácido naftalenacético (ANA), bencilaminopurina (BAP), kinetina (KIN) y ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) como reguladores de crecimiento exógenos. Los resultados mostraron que las microalgas responden a la aplicación exógena de reguladores de crecimiento de forma dependiente a la concentración. En S. acutus, BAP incrementa la proliferación (número de células) y KIN aumenta el contenido de proteína total soluble. Para C. vulgaris, AIA aumenta el contenido de clorofila total y ANA incrementa el contenido de clorofila y carotenoides. Microalgae biomass can be used in different sectors such as energy, nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic. Depending on the species and culture conditions, different value-added products are obtained such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants, biopolymers, and pigments, which can have a potential application in many industries, including their use as nutritional supplements for human nutrition, source of β-carotene, 3-fatty acids, astaxanthin biopolymers, bioplastics, nutraceuticals, chlorophyll, and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin). The bioactive compounds of the microalgae act as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-malarial, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory components. Natural organic pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins are gaining importance in several cosmetic, food and textile industries. In this work, we evaluated the production of total lipids, triacylglycerides, total soluble protein, total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and b) and total carotenoids generated by the microalgae Scenedesmus acutus and Chlorella vulgaris, with the addition of indoleacetic acid (AIA), naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA), benzyl aminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN) and acetylsalicylic acid (AAS), as exogenous growth regulators. The results showed that microalgae respond to the exogenous application of growth regulators in a concentration-dependent manner. In S. acutus, BAP increases proliferation (cell number), and KIN increases the content of total soluble protein. For C. vulgaris, AIA increases the content of total chlorophyll and ANA increases the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Grupos de la comunidad Investigadores Estudiantes

Una de las principales barreras que se tiene en nuestro país (y en otros) para poder retratar la situación socioeconómica de la población afrodescendiente, es la falta de información desagregada por grupo étnico. Este artículo presenta la situación educativa de niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos y brinda recomendaciones para seguir desarrollando estudios que permitan desagregar la información por etnicidad, lo que contribuirá no solo a visibilizar las condiciones de vida de la población afroperuana, sino también a formular políticas públicas basadas en evidencia para mitigar las inequidades sociales que afectan a ese sector poblacional.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. MA plots of differentially expressed (DE TEs). Figure S2. Schematic representation of how genes were attributed to a TE. Figure S3. TE Class distribution. Figure S4. Relative distribution of TEs with respect to their associated genes. Figure S5. Overlap of TEs with Promoters from the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) and RefSeq Functional Elements (RefSeqFuncElems). Table S1. Detailed information of the overlap of Differentially Expressed TEs (“TE”) with RefSeq Functional Elements (“RefSeq Functional Element”). Table S2. Proportion test results of the selected genic TEs in section 2 of our work versus the genomic TE distribution. Table S3. Proportion test results of the selected intergenic TEs in section 2 of our work versus the genomic TE distribution. Table S4. Enhancers within 52 kb of genes associated with intergenic TEs.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Zhang et al. (2014). Table S6. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Cui et al. (2010). Table S7. Alignment statistics of the RNA-Sequencing samples published by Zhang et al. (2018).. Figure S6. Venn diagram of the TEs identified by SQuIRE in the datasets published by Cui et al. (2010).