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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of pseudonymised datasets is increasingly commonplace as research institutions seek to balance data utility with data security. Yet, a crucial question arises: How does South Africa’s Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) govern these datasets, especially given their ambiguous state between deidentification and possible re-identification? A thorough examination of POPIA suggests that the determination of whether a pseudonymised dataset is personal information—and thus whether processing the dataset falls within POPIA’s purview—must be informed by the specific context of the responsible party in possession of the pseudonymised dataset. When a research institution retains both the pseudonymised dataset and its linking dataset, the pseudonymised dataset remains identifiable and is thus personal information that falls within POPIA’s purview. However, when only the pseudonymised dataset—without the linking dataset—is transferred to another entity, it is non-personal information in the hands of such a recipient, thus freeing the recipient from POPIA compliance. Such a delineation offers research institutions greater flexibility in sharing and using pseudonymised datasets. Importantly, because the original provider of the pseudonymised dataset (who has the means to reidentify the dataset) remains governed by POPIA, the privacy rights of data subjects are not undermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral culture is defined as an unwritten culture in its simplest form. The ways of making sense of humanity differ with the development of inventions such as the printing press, television, and the mobile phone. From the perspective of technological determinism, it is possible to classify thinking styles in the periods characterized as the first oral culture, written culture, and second oral culture eras. However, the orality never loses its dominance. It always leads all communication forms. Proverbs and idioms are stereotyped expressions and are among the essential carriers of oral culture. Idioms that fulfill various functions in daily life are among the essential components of the narrative structure of advertisements. This article discusses the idiomadvertising relationship from the intersection of folklore and communication science. The study, which starts with the definition of the idiom, goes beyond the idiom in the orality and then focuses on the relationship between advertising and it. To extend perspective, what of the advertisement is examined, and for this purpose, the commercial nature of it is discussed first. Underlining that advertising, a unit of marketing communication is a commercial field of activity, the components of aestheticization are taken in the advertisement. Considering that the product's structure, production conditions, advertising channels, and the level of aesthetic appreciation of the target audiences are the essential elements that shape aesthetics in advertising, it will be understood that advertising is a craft, not an art. The relationship between advertising and narrative is another subject studied. Genres that contain stories are generally evaluated within the scope of the narrative concept, and advertisements of this nature are included within the same qualifications. In this respect, advertising is surrounded by a field with mimetic and diegetic characteristics. Advertising as a narrative genre gives us a powerful perspective on how the world is shaped in this reproduction space. The article proceeds to the review section after presenting the theoretical framework. Idioms have functions such as executing in daily life, establishing analogies, explaining, grinding, creating a model, using artistic or literary expressions, and presenting a concise presentation. The main question focused on here within the framework of applied folklore, which is based on the social usefulness and efficiency of folkloric elements, is "What kind of functions do idioms have within the narrative structure of the advertisement?". In this context, the idiom is investigated inside narrative advertisements. Categorized the functions of idioms via the product type and the creative strategy used in the advertisement, the equivalent of the idiom used in social life, the plot and narrative structure of the ad, and the analysis of the meaning reproduced in the advertisement narrative. According to this; (i) "natural reinforcement," which characterizes reinforcing the image and meaning at the mimetic level, (ii) "analogy-based savings," which characterizes contribution to the text economy through similitude, (iii) "preresistance," which explains retention via a priority of idioms, (iv) the "cognitive prism function," which describes integrating the natural meaning in the advertising expression or separating it in a universal meaning context, (v) the "irony function," which creating funny situations through making reductions, embodying the figurative meaning, concentrating on the real meaning, and metalepsis via inter-layer relations, were determined as the essential functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the debates on the preservation of culture has progressed in parallel with the history of folklore research, and a two-century-old literature has been formed on this subject. Although there are many conservation models proposed in the debates on the preservation of traditional culture, they contain two basic understandings in essence. The first and older conservation approach proposes to preserve folklore by freezing it, while the second and more modern approach proposes to preserve folklore by keeping it alive. In this article, İbrahim Aslanoğlu's (d. 1995) conservation approaches are questioned. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that İbrahim Aslanoğlu understood folklore as a dull type of knowledge and had thoughts that this dull knowledge should be represented without deteriorating its formal qualities. However, the findings obtained regarding the 1964 Sivas Folk Poets' Festival, which was organized under the leadership of Aslanoğlu, show that Aslanoğlu was also aware of the dynamic aspect of folklore and that he had ideas that one of the ways to keep traditional culture alive was transmission. From the findings obtained, it is understood that Aslanoğlu, who passionately pursued folk knowledge in the provinces of Anatolia at a time when technical possibilities were not as widespread and accessible as they are today, was a visionary folklore lover in every respect. There are lessons to be learned from Aslanoğlu's passion for folklore in understanding the importance of the XXI century folklorists, materials and source persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Robot-assisted surgery is today well-implemented in many surgical specialties, but requires another skill set than laparoscopy. Most often, robot-assisted surgery is considered add-on to laparoscopic skills but very little is known about the transfer of skills. The aim of the study was to examine to what extent surgical skills are transferable between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in three databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science). Studies investigating transfer of skills between laparoscopy and robot-assisted surgery in either a phantom-based, simulation-based, animal model, or clinical setting were eligible for inclusion. Quality assessment was done using the Medical education research study quality instrument and educational New Ottawa Scale. Results: Of 15,610 studies identified, 89 studies continued to full-text reading, and 37 studies were included. Four studies were found non-comparable and were left out of the results for the primary outcome. All 33 studies explored transfer from laparoscopy to robot-assisted surgery and 17 found a positive transfer whereas 15 did not. Only 11 studies explored transfer from robot-assisted surgery to laparoscopy, of which only three found a positive transfer. Conclusion: An almost equal number of publications found a positive transfer and no transfer from laparoscopic to robot-assisted surgery. Fewer studies explored the transfer from robot-assisted surgery to laparoscopy. Very little evidence supports that surgeons trained solely in robot-assisted surgery can perform laparoscopy. This must be considered in future training programs as robot-assisted surgery is expected to become the first-in-line modality for many future surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore young adults' experiences of living with type 1 diabetes in the transition to adulthood, including experiences of the transfer from paediatric to adult care. Design: A qualitative approach was used. Method: Ten young adults, six women and four men, aged 19–29 years, participated. Participants were recruited at their regular diabetes clinic from spring 2021 to spring 2022. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Dreaming of being nurtured towards self‐reliance was the overarching theme. Personal experiences of the transition to adulthood, including the transfer from paediatric to adult care, were described in terms of struggling to find balance in daily life, dealing with feelings of being different, being gradually supported to achieve independence, and wishing to be approached as a unique person in healthcare. Conclusion: In healthcare, it is important to emphasize not only diabetes‐related factors but also emotional and psychosocial aspects of life connected to the transition to adulthood, including the transfer to adult care. The young adults wished to be seen as unique persons in healthcare during their emerging adulthood and should therefore be supported to achieve self‐reliance through personal preparations for new challenges and for the consequences of transitioning to adulthood. Specialist nurses can provide appropriate knowledge and leadership. Implications for the Profession: These findings can guide nurse specialists in support for emerging adults to achieve self‐reliance and indicate the importance of person‐centred care when experiencing transition and transfer. Reporting Method: The study adhered to EQUATOR guidelines, and the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used as the reporting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a relatively frequent diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department (ED). However, there are no consensus guidelines for ED disposition, and there are limited data on ED outcomes. Better understanding of those who are admitted or have antiarrhythmic medication changes may avoid potentially unnecessary transfers or admissions. Our objective was to identify patient factors associated with discharge from the emergency department without medication initiation or modification after management of SVT in the pediatric ED. Design/Methods: A retrospective review of children aged 0–18 years seen in the emergency department for SVT was conducted using electronic medical record data over a ten-year period at a single academic tertiary children's hospital. Patients with congenital cardiac disease or prior cardiac surgeries were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between patient factors of interest and the primary outcome of admission and secondary outcome of change to antiarrhythmic medications. Results: We analyzed 197 patients encounters. The mean age was 7 years. Of these 104 (52.8%) were admitted to the hospital or discharged with antiarrhythmic medication changes. This primary outcome was associated with younger age (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.86), history of pre-excitation (aOR 5.82, 95% CI 2.01–18.8), intercurrent illness (aOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.27–12.1), number of adenosine doses prior to arrival (aOR 5.45, 95% CI 1.55–22.3), and in-person cardiology consultation (aOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.43–19.4). Conclusions: Nearly half of children treated in a pediatric ED for SVT are discharged without changes in medications. We identified patient factors associated with hospital admission or antiarrhythmic medication changes. These factors represent high value care and can be assessed when considering transfer from a referring facility. Risk stratification using these patient characteristics may reduce potentially avoidable transfers and admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the UK over 11,000 critically ill patients are transferred between hospitals each year. In addition, a significant number of critically ill patients are transferred to hospital from locations outside hospital such as rural general practice surgeries or the community. While specialist teams are available for some transfers, the majority are conducted by teams from the referring hospital. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the principles of critical care transfer, transfer platforms and the importance of a structured approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native Spanish speakers commonly confuse third person singular possessive determiners when making gender agreements, which is considered an error-prone grammatical feature because there are syntactic differences in their use between English and Spanish. This study conducted an elicited production task to explore whether proficiency in English affects the correct use of his/her by Spanish speakers in speech production, whether participants make more errors depending on the gender match or mismatch between the possessor and the possessum in the noun phrase, and whether there are differences in the number of errors made due to the gender of the possessor. The results showed that sentences with a gender mismatch condition had higher error rates and that advanced L2 speakers made fewer mistakes than less proficient ones. However, proficiency did not mitigate the number of errors in sentences which required the use of the feminine possessive determiner, which is in line with the theory of the default masculine gender in Spanish. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by native Spanish speakers when producing possessive gender agreements in English and highlights the need for more targeted instruction to address these issues in the teaching of English as a foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their article, Barr and Kirkorian (2023) synthesize the literature focused on children's learning from an increasingly complicated digital world and highlight a host of critical big-picture themes. Here we attempt to link many of those themes to similar ones seen in the context of adult perceptual learning, cognitive learning, and learning from video games. This includes, for instance, the need to dig beyond high-level descriptions (e.g., "digital media" or "video game play") and instead examine the types of experiences that technology permits. When viewed this way, it becomes clear that there is no "effect of digital media" or of "video games." Instead, some instantiations may augment learning and/or learning transfer, while other instantiations may hinder learning or lead to other types of negative impact. We also draw comparisons to the many complexities involved in moving from well-controlled basic science studies to studies of technology deployed "in the wild." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in management of pediatric renal disorders has led to patient survival rates of 85-90%, increasing the number of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with childhood onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) transitioning to adult care settings. Pediatric CKD patients differ from adults with CKD in view of early onset of disease (sometimes with fetal onset), different disease spectrum, the potential effect of CKD on neurodevelopment, and substantial involvement of parents in medical decision making. In addition to the usual challenges of emerging adulthood (graduation from school to work, independent living, peak in impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors), young adults with pediatric CKD need to learn to manage a serious medical condition independently. In kidney transplant patients, regardless of the age at transplantation, graft failure rates are higher during adolescence and young adulthood than at any other age. All pediatric CKD patients must move from a pediatric to adult-focused settings and this transition is a longitudinal process requiring collaboration and interactions of AYA patients, their families, providers, health care environment and agencies. Consensus guidelines have provided recommendations to pediatric and adult renal teams to enable successful transition. Suboptimal transition is a risk factor for poor adherence to treatment and unfavorable health outcomes. The authors discuss the process of transition as it applies to pediatric CKD patients and review challenges faced by patients/families, pediatric and adult nephrology teams. They provide some suggestions and available tools to optimize the transition of pediatric CKD patients to adult-oriented care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for training life skills in people with intellectual disabilities. However, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the implementation, suitability, and effectiveness of VR training in this population. The present study investigated the effectiveness of VR training for people with intellectual disabilities by assessing (1) their ability to complete basic tasks in VR, (2) real-world transfer and skill generalisation, and (3) the individual characteristics of participants able to benefit from VR training. Thirty-two participants with an intellectual disability of varying severity completed a waste management training intervention in VR that involved sorting 18 items into three bins. Real-world performance was measured at pre-test, post-test, and delayed time points. The number of VR training sessions varied as training ceased when participants met the learning target (≈ 90% correct). A survival analysis assessed training success probability as a function of the number of training sessions with participants split by their level of adaptive functioning (as measured on the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System Third Edition). The learning target was met by 19 participants (59.4%) within ten sessions (Mdn = 8.5, IQR 4–10). Real-world performance significantly improved from pre- to post-test and pre- to delayed test. There was no significant difference from post- to delayed test. Further, there was a significant positive relationship between adaptive functioning and change in the real-world assessment from the pre-test to the post- and delayed tests. VR facilitated the learning of most participants, which led to demonstrations of real-world transfer and skill generalisation. The present study identified a relationship between adaptive functioning and success in VR training. The survival curve may assist in planning future studies and training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posting and Transfer (PT) refers to deployment of the health workforce in ways that ensure appropriate numbers and distribution. Although PT is a crucial aspect of health workforce governance, it remains under-researched from the viewpoint of implementation, health workforce and governance. The aim of this paper is to examine public sector doctors' experience of their initial postings, in the context of local policy from two Indian states. We carried out a review search for policy documentation. A total 61 in-depth interviews were conducted in both states with 33 doctors, as subjects of the study. There were 28 key informant (KI) interviews of health administrators and other policy actors to understand their perspectives of PT policies and implementation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Job histories were constructed from the doctors' interviews to track their experience with the PT system, and analysed using location, duration and postings. Despite search for state policy for PT, we were unable to identify any policy documentation. However, participants referred to PT practices that suggested expectations of what the poliy meant to them. These expectations were corroborated by KI, and the job histories and interview data enabled the authors to construct a series of norms, interpreted as evidence of implied policy. The main norms identified relate to service need, native place, request, gender and posting duration. The norm related to state need had strong face validity, while other norms based on request, gender and duration were less consistent in application. In the absence of documented policies, the construction of norms from the qualitative data proved useful to examine the dynamics of health workers' interactions with the initial PT systems This construction of norms provides a methodological innovation allowing health policy and systems researchers to compensate for the absence of documented policy in exploring PT functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives : To assess variation in public support for involving violent juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system based on the mechanism of that involvement—waiver or blended sentencing—and whether the sentence is described as emphasizing punishment or rehabilitation. Methods: Participants read a vignette describing a violent, repeat juvenile offender and were told he would normally receive a sentence in the juvenile system that emphasized punishment and accountability. Each participant was subsequently randomly assigned to receive information about one of seven alternative sentencing schemes that varied the venue and emphasis. The dependent variable measured willingness to pay additional taxes for the alternative. Results: Willingness to pay varied significantly across conditions. Respondents were willing to pay relatively more for a juvenile sentence that emphasized rehabilitation than for any provision for waiver or a blended sentence. These results held even after controlling for the perceived appropriateness of the sentence length. Conclusions: People are willing to involve violent juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system, but they prefer juvenile justice sentences and an emphasis on rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Report: Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Communication has long been seen as an exchange of information, messages and/or meaning. According to Elleström's medium-centred model of communication, communication is a process where cognitive imports from producer's mind(s) are transferred to perceiver's mind(s) through an intermediate stage/media product. It is here argued that, despite the fact that the latter model phenomenally adheres to the Saussurean 'speech circuit' paradigm, it also hints towards a reconsideration of the basics of communication. Through critically addressing the constants in the medium-centred model, and adopting as a point of entry that of the media product, most communication constants are challenged, while new aporias emerge. Gibson's ecology of perception (2015) and Féral's theatricality of the gaze (2002) are introduced as catalysts in a discussion that attempts to systematize such considerable implications, addressing potential overlaps between perception, communication and mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the relative efficacy of interleaved versus blocked instruction and the role of executive function in governing learning from these instructional sequences. Eighth grade students learned about three rock concepts (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and their attributes (origin, texture, composition). Consistent with prior studies and as predicted by current theoretical accounts, students who received interleaved instruction showed better memory (i.e., accuracy on true--false questions) when tested 2 weeks later, whereas those who received blocked instruction showed better memory when tested on the same day as instruction. Also consistent with prior studies and theoretical accounts, the blocked group showed greater transfer when tested after a retention interval, although this advantage was not significant. Critically, and as predicted, the shifting and inhibition executive function abilities were more predictive of learning from interleaved vs. blocked instruction. These findings lay the groundwork for future studies investigating the role of executive function in learning from different forms of instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study aimed to investigate teachers' reflections on the transfer of makerspace activities into classrooms. Primary and secondary STEM teachers participated in a Continuous Professional Development programme about makerspaces. Data were collected in the form of written reflections and semi-structured interviews after the teachers conducted makerspace activities in their classes. A thematic approach was used for data analysis. The results showed that teachers identified possibilities: Connections to learning objectives in STEM subjects; Motivating and engaging students; Stimulating collaboration; Stimulating creativity; and challenges: Problem of assessment; Lack of digital competence; Lack of high-tech equipment. However, the teachers did not reflect upon the cultural, ontological, and epistemological differences between makerspaces and formal schooling. Thus, we argue that it is difficult 'to eat the cake and have it too', i.e. to fully reconcile both the maker-culture and demands of formal schooling. Rather, we suggest three ways to connect makerspace culture with formal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of heat and moisture transfer in mole plowed undersoil are modeled taking into account the phase transitions of water and steam. The annual and daily temperature fluctuations over the depth of the soil layer and ground have been studied. Estimates of moisture condensation onto the inner surface of the soil and mole passage are proposed. The velocities of atmospheric air movement in mole passages and its flow rates in laminar and turbulent modes of flow are determined. Moisture condensation from the soil air into the root layer at night and in the morning was found. It has been established that under natural conditions the mass of the condensate fallen in mole passages is insufficient to significantly increase the moisture content of soil, but the presence of mole passages in the soil has a positive effect on its productivity. It is shown that the use of such passages in semideserts improves the feeding of saigas and other wild animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence systems cannot yet match human abilities to apply knowledge to situations that vary from what they have been programmed for, or trained for. In visual object recognition, methods of inference exploiting top-down information (from a model) have been shown to be effective for recognising entities in difficult conditions. Here a component of this type of inference, called 'projection', is shown to be a key mechanism to solve the problem of applying knowledge to varied or challenging situations, across a range of AI domains, such as vision, robotics, or language. Finally, the relevance of projection to tackling the commonsense knowledge problem is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a robust body of literature about the choice of students' first postsecondary institution, we have little insight regarding transfer from four-year colleges and universities across socioeconomic groups. In this study, we argue that when entry to selective colleges reaches a heightened level of competitiveness, transfer may be employed by students from advantaged social backgrounds as an adaptive strategy to gain access. Using multinomial logistic regression, this study draws on data from BPS:04/09 to uncover whether transfer functions as a mechanism of adaptation that exacerbates class inequalities in higher education. We found that students from higher-socioeconomic quartiles who first enrolled in a selective institution are most likely to engage in lateral transfer, but mainly to another college even more prestigious. This study provides evidence of the role of college transfer in exacerbating class inequalities in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work outlines the results from a study conducted to analyse the different management training programmes developed by Catalan universities, and the transfer of this training from the perspective of those who were trained and who later on took the position. The study was conducted through a sequential and explanatory mixed method, through the use of questionnaires and interviews. The sample consisted on 312 participants for the questionnaire, and the 36 for the interview. Results show that despite certain differences in the training approaches, those who participated evaluated them in a positive light, recognising not only the usefulness for opening a door to school direction, but also to broaden their knowledge and improve competences. Also, partaking on the training meant the implementation of changes in the management tasks, demonstrating that this training had an impact and was transferred to day-to-day realities. The conclusion is that management training is a key element for strengthening the professionalisation of school principals, especially in matters of leadership and organisation, which may allow overcoming obstacles such as excessive bureaucracy and lack of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitioning to adult care for HIV-infected adolescents is a critical process in determining long-term health outcomes. Poor transitioning to adult care can lead to several adverse HIV-related outcomes for adolescents living with HIV, including disruption of care, non-adherence to ART and virological failure. In this qualitative study, we explore the barriers to and facilitators of the transition to adult care among HIV-infected youth from the perspectives of health care workers and allied staff. We enrolled 24 health care workers and allied staff from two infectious diseases clinics in the Western Cape of South Africa. Participants took part in a once-off, semi-structured interview that was conducted face-to-face at the respective clinics. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti. Two superordinate themes and seven subthemes emerged from the data. We found that barriers to the transition process were related to a lack of preparedness and readiness to transition at both an institutional level and at the level of the caregiver and adolescent. At the institutional level, a lack of a transition policy and limited time and resources available for the transition process were salient barriers. At the caregiver-adolescent level, adolescents' desire for normality and caregivers' reluctance to devolve responsibility of care to their children were important barriers to the transition process. Facilitators prepare adolescents and caregivers for transition from an early age. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both adolescent, caregiver and institutional factors when preparing for the transition process. Our findings also show that pressure on the health care system precludes the time required for this process. However, counselling for transition from an early age might be an important way to negate these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's emotional abilities have been shown to be related to academic performance, peer acceptance, and in-school adjustment. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of innovative emotion training designed to promote the emotional abilities of 316 preschool/kindergarten children aged from 3 to 6 years old enrolled in public schools in the first three levels (L1, L2, and L3). Another objective was to examine the transfer effects on language comprehension and mathematics abilities. The emotion training (eight sessions) focused on the identification, comprehension, and expression of emotions and were co-constructed with teachers. Children were tested before and after the training on emotion, language, and mathematics skills. Results showed an improvement in emotional abilities in young children of L1 (3–4 years) and L2 (4–5 years) in the intervention group compared to those in the non-intervention group. Also, although children's emotion basic abilities were correlated with their language comprehension and mathematics abilities, the nature of this link was not demonstrated to be causal. Findings are discussed in regard to the influence of the level and in regard to links with academic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate and timely care is essential in the management of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). We hypothesized that transferred patients with SAP undergoing procedural intervention would have higher mortality compared to those managed directly at academic centers. This was a retrospective analysis of Maryland's statewide claims database from 2009 to 2022 of adult patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of SAP (acute pancreatitis with organ failure). Patients were divided into three groups: those admitted directly from the emergency room to academic facilities (AD), non-academic facilities (NA), or transferred to academic facilities (TR). Procedural intervention included endoscopic, percutaneous image-guided, or surgical. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were admission costs, length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. There were 7,648 (48.9%) in the NA group, 6,682 (42.7%) in the AD group and 1,316 (8.4%) in the TR group. On regression analysis, odds of death were 0.57x lower in the NA group and 0.67x lower in the AD group compared to transfers (<0.001). Procedural intervention was not associated with increased mortality. Transferred patients had longer median LOS (11 vs NA = 5, AD = 6, p < 0.001), increased median cost of admission ($41k vs NA = $12k, AD = $17k, p < 0.001) and greater ICU admission (45.6% vs NA = 20.6%, AD = 23.9%, p < 0.001). Transferred patients have greater burden of illness and cost of care without evidence of improved outcomes in the management of SAP regardless of procedural intervention. Transfer criteria for patients with SAP must be further refined to reduce unnecessary transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-language transfer happens in bilingual reading development. However, little is known about whether L1 affects L2 spelling development. In addition, longitudinal studies are needed to examine the L1–L2 relations developmentally from the beginning of literacy learning. We tested whether and which Chinese (L1) literacy-related skill(s) in kindergartners predicted their English (L2) spelling in the first and second grades. Notably, the associations of previous L1 spelling to later L2 spelling were also examined. Regression analyses showed that kindergarten Chinese phonological awareness predicted English spelling in the first and second grades. Cross-lagged modeling suggested that kindergarten Chinese spelling predicted first-grade English spelling. However, with other literacy-related skills statistically controlled, first-grade Chinese spelling was negatively associated with second-grade English spelling. This study highlights the complexity of cross-language transfer, especially in the early stages of literacy learning. In early bi-literacy learning, the cross-language transfer between Chinese and English may change dynamically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Analyze the effect of LncRNA SNHG16 targeted regulation of miR-516a-5p on the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of colorectal cancer cells. Methods Real time fluorescence RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA SNHG16 and miR-516a-5p, and SW480 cells were constructed to inhibit lncRNA SNHG16 expression. SW480 cells were transfected and divided into a NC group, a si-NC group, a si- SNHG16 group, a miR-NC group, a miR-516a-5p group, a si-SNHG16+anti miR-NC group, and a si-SNHG16+anti miR-516a-5p group to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in each group. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of lncRNA SNHG16 in colorectal cancer tissue increased, while the expression level of miR-516a-5p decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the FHC group, the expression levels of lncRNA SNHG16 and miR-516a-5p were increased in the HCT116, SW620, and SW480 groups, while the expression levels of miR-516a-5p were lower. The SW480 group had the highest lncRNA SNHG16 and the lowest miR-516a-5p levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the expression level of lncRNA SNHG16 in the si-SNHG16 group decreased (P < 0.05), indicating the successful construction of SW480 cell lines that interfered with lncRNA SNHG16 expression. Compared with the si-NC group, the si-SNHG16 group showed a decrease in CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9, OD value, number of migrating and invading cells, and an increase in apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the miR-NC group, the miR-516a-5p group showed an increase in miR-516a-5p expression levels (P < 0.05), indicating the successful construction of SW480 cell lines with high expression of miR-516a-5p. Compared with the miR-NC group, the miR-516a-5p group showed a decrease in CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9, OD value, number of migrating cells, and number of invasive cells, while an increase in apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). The dual luciferase report test showed that compared with the miR-NC group, miR-516a-5p could reduce the luciferase activity of SNHG16 (P < 0.05), and had a small impact on the luciferase activity of MUT-SNHG16 (P > 0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, inhibiting the expression of lncRNA SNHG16 resulted in an increase in miR-516a-5p expression and apoptotic cells in SW480 cells, as well as a decrease in CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9, OD value, number of migratory cells, and number of invasive cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-SNHG16+anti miR-NC group, the si-SNHG16+anti miR-516a-5p group showed a decrease in miR-516a-5p expression and apoptotic cells, while the cyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9, OD value, number of migratory cells, and number of invasive cells increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Interfering with lncRNA SNHG16 expression can regulate the expression of miR-516a-5p, inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and promote apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Community colleges have considerable potential to grow the number of individuals who complete STEM baccalaureate degrees and to broaden access to educational opportunities in STEM. However, efforts to tap this potential have been hampered by nagging questions about whether community colleges prepare students adequately for advanced STEM courses at universities. In this study, we draw on data from four universities in Michigan to investigate differences in the course and degree outcomes of students who completed prerequisite STEM courses in community colleges versus students who completed prerequisites at the university. Methods: We use logistic and linear regression to control for several potentially confounding variables, including prior academic achievement as measured by high school grade point average. Results: In three of the universities, we did not find evidence of consistently weaker outcomes among students who completed STEM prerequisites at community colleges or among transfer students generally. In the fourth university, students taking STEM prerequisites in a community college had weaker course outcomes than did non-transfer students. Intersecting qualitative evidence points to differences in levels of support for transfer students as a probable explanation for the differences in students' outcomes, rather than inadequate rigor of community college STEM coursework. Conclusion: Our findings generally align with prior evidence of minor or inconsistent differences in outcomes for students who previously attended a community college, but also point to the probable role of institutional factors at universities in influencing the chances of success among students who utilize community college to complete STEM coursework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent results demonstrate that inducing an abstract representation of target analogs at retrieval time aids access to analogous situations with mismatching surface features (i.e., the late abstraction principle). A limitation of current implementations of this principle is that they either require the external provision of target-specific information or demand very high intellectual effort. Experiment 1 demonstrated that constructing an idealized situation model of a target problem increases the rate of correct solutions compared with constructing either concrete simulations or no simulations. Experiment 2 confirmed that these results were based on an advantage for accessing the base analog, and not merely an advantage of idealized simulations for understanding the target problem in its own terms. This target idealization strategy has broader applicability than prior interventions based on the late abstraction principle because it can be achieved by a greater proportion of participants and without the need to receive target-specific information. We present a computational model, SampComp, that predicts successful retrieval of a stored situation to understand a target based on the overlap of a random, but potentially biased, sample of features from each. SampComp is able to account for the relative benefits of base and target idealization, and their interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a rationale and model for a reflective capstone course for English majors. Rooted in the SoTL concepts of active transfer and project‐based experiential learning, this course asks students to reflect on and analyze their undergraduate work while developing a toolkit to articulate the value of their humanities degrees. Toward that end, students create scaffolded professional projects in multiple genres that help them highlight the soft skills they have developed in their academic career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the special issue "Policy Innovation in the Global South and South–North Policy Learning" shows how analyses of South–North policy learning need to go beyond standard debates of inter- and transnational policy learning, transfer and diffusion. It discusses crucial concepts and proposes three asymmetries that influence not only the likelihood for learning to occur, but also the type of policy learning and the concomitant empirical evidence needed. It illustrates the usefulness of this approach, summarizing the four contributions in the special issue. The introduction highlights that South-North policy learning happens much more often than usually believed, but that it is often concealed, underreported and overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Ectomycorrhizal fungi synthesize carbohydrates and amino acids from recent photosynthate but can also assimilate soil-derived amino acids. The dynamics of different amino acid pools within fungi may differ because of differences in biosynthetic complexity and energetics. Methods : To study carbon dynamics between Pinus sylvestris and ectomycorrhizal fungi, 13CO2 pulses were traced for 97 days post-labeling into amino acids and structural carbon of Cortinarius semisanguineus and Lactarius rufus sporocarps. Results: Without 13C labeling, amino acid δ13C was higher in Cortinarius than Lactarius, which suggested uptake of older, soil-derived amino acids by Cortinarius. In stepwise regression, 13C labeling in amino acids was 59 ± 2% of that in structural carbon. This first amino acid pool derived from recent plant sugars and peaked 16 days after 13CO2 labeling. The other 41% of amino acid carbon peaked on day 30, at 23% of the 13C enrichment of structural carbon, indicating two amino acid pools differing in 13C dynamics. Conclusion: I hypothesized that amino acids derived from recent plant sugars mostly had simple synthesis pathways (such as alanine, aspartic acid and glutamine), whereas the second pool reflected soil-derived or slow-turnover amino acids (such as lysine, leucine, and isoleucine) with multiple enzymatic steps to synthesis. Studies of amino acid use by ectomycorrhizal fungi should account for differences in dynamics and energetic costs between these two groups of amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human IVF embryos that are not used for fresh transfer are cryopreserved by vitrification for later embryo transfers. This study evaluates pre-vitrification and post-warming embryo characteristics that are suitable to predict the chance of clinical pregnancy in single vitrified blastocyst transfer (SVBT) cycles. In a multicenter observational trial (IMBOS trial), embryos were cultured in a time-lapse system before and after vitrification. Associations between clinical pregnancy, morphokinetic parameters, blastocyst collapse, KIDScore D5, pre-vitrification and post-warming Gardner scores, post-warming blastocyst size and re-expansion rates before SVBT were analyzed in 182 SVBTs which resulted in 89 clinical pregnancies. No association was found between clinical pregnancy after SVBT and the number of collapses or the maximal collapse size before vitrification. The multifactorial analysis of pre-vitrification Gardner scores showed a significant association with clinical pregnancy for trophectoderm grading but not for expansion/hatching status and inner cell mass grading. A significant association with clinical pregnancy was found for the time to reach a blastocyst after pronuclear fading (tB-tPNf), KIDScore D5 and post-warming size but not the rate of expansion or maximal expansion size. The selection of blastocysts for SVBT could benefit from using pre-vitrification parameters like tB-tPNf, trophectoderm grading and post-warming blastocyst size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to follow-up primary-grades teachers who had participated in experimental studies on genre-based strategy instruction to examine whether they continued to teach the strategies they learned, and how they adapted them. Participants were three primary grades' teachers who participated in interviews and shared instructional videos. Results showed that teachers modified the time allotted to instruction, and the font/size of the materials, but did not eliminate components of the approach. Further, they incorporated writing in response to reading and problem solving in mathematics. Implications for practice, research, and professional development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To correct the spectral changes measured on different instruments in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a novel hybrid calibration transfer method with nonlinear dimensionality reduction based on direct standardization (DS) and autoencoder (AE), named DS-AE, is reported. First, DS was employed to preliminarily eliminate the spectral difference from the master and slave instruments. Next, the spectral features were extracted by AE to construct the partial least squares (PLS) calibration model. Compared with the linear dimensionality reduction methods, AE learns more latent features of the input spectra that are beneficial to reflect the chemical information of samples. Two NIR experiment datasets, including wheat and corn samples measured on different spectrometers, were employed to evaluate the performance of the DS-AE method. DS, piecewise direct standardization (PDS), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal components canonical correlation analysis (PC-CCA), and transfer via an extreme learning machine auto-encoder (TEAM) were introduced for comparative analysis with the proposed method. The results showed that DS-AE provided the lowest root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for the wheat dataset; For the corn dataset, DS-AE provided lower RMSEP than DS, PDS, and CCA, and comparable with PC-CCA and TEAM. The score of the PLS principal components (PCs) describes the spectral differences of different instruments. The results indicated that the hybrid DS-AE method effectively corrected for the spectral variations. In summary, the proposed hybrid DS-AE method provided an alternative for robust standardization of near-infrared spectra measured on different instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from research in the learning sciences, this article argues that educators, like Jesus, should use stories as we mentor students to move beyond passive reception of information and truly apply their learning to novel situations. Thus, students can go beyond "hearing" to "bearing fruit." This storytelling approach to mentorship strikes at the common query of students, "When will we ever need to know this?" Part of the disconnect sometimes experienced by students is that the moment of learning often looks very different than the moment when their learning needs to be deployed. In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus acknowledges this disconnect by making the distinction between "hearing the word" and the later "bearing of fruit with patience" and does so by employing a parable, a concrete story of a sower, seeds, and soils. Although stories may appear to conceal truths when compared to straightforward statements, research in the learning sciences suggests that learning from stories is better for producing understanding that could be applied to future situations. Why are stories so effective? To achieve transferable learning, students need to engage in productive struggle to make connections. Stories engaged Jesus's disciples in struggling with what parables meant because the truths did not lie at the surface. Instead, parables required disciples to actively make connections. Jesus, instead of removing their struggles, supported their struggle to make it more productive. Research has shown that the understanding that results from productive struggle is profound, useful, and transferable. As academic mentors, we should emulate Jesus to engage our students in making productive connections by integrating storytelling into our pedagogical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents with congenital heart disease transition from childhood to adulthood and transfer from pediatric-oriented to adult-oriented care. High-level empirical evidence on the effectiveness of transitional care is scarce. This study investigated the empowering effect (primary outcome) of a structured person-centered transition program for adolescents with congenital heart disease and studied its effectiveness on transition readiness, patient-reported health, quality of life, health behaviors, disease-related knowledge, and parental outcomes e.g., parental uncertainty, readiness for transition as perceived by the parents (secondary outcomes). The STEPSTONES-trial comprised a hybrid experimental design whereby a randomized controlled trial was embedded in a longitudinal observational study. The trial was conducted in seven centers in Sweden. Two centers were allocated to the randomized controlled trial-arm, randomizing participants to intervention or control group. The other five centers were intervention-naïve centers and served as contamination check control group. Outcomes were measured at the age of 16 years (baseline), 17 years, and 18.5 years. The change in empowerment from 16 years to 18.5 years differed significantly between the intervention group and control group (mean difference = 3.44; 95% confidence interval = 0.27–6.65; p =.036) in favor of intervention group. For the secondary outcomes, significant differences in change over time were found in parental involvement (p =.008), disease-related knowledge (p =.0002), and satisfaction with physical appearance (p =.039). No differences in primary or secondary outcomes were detected between the control group and contamination check control group, indicating that there was no contamination in the control group. The STEPSTONES transition program was effective in increasing patient empowerment, reducing parental involvement, improving satisfaction with physical appearance, and increasing disease-related knowledge. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Klebsiella pneumoniae is able to remain on surfaces as a dry surface biofilm. • After 4 weeks, culturability of K pneumoniae from DSB is low but viability remains high. • Transfer of bacteria from the DSB is reduced over prolonged periods of time. • The survival of K pneumoniae raises questions as to its persistence in the healthcare environment. Dry surface biofilms (DSB) are widespread in healthcare settings presenting a challenge to cleaning and disinfection. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been a focus of attention due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Few studies have demonstrated K pneumoniae survival on surfaces following desiccation. DSB were formed over 12 days. Bacterial culturability and transfer were investigated following DSB incubation up to 4 weeks. Bacterial viability in DSB was investigated with live/dead staining using flow cytometry. K pneumoniae formed mature DSB. After 2 and 4 weeks of incubation, transfer from DSB was low (<55%) and reduced further (<21%) following wiping. Culturability at 2 and 4 weeks varied although viability remained high indicating viable but non culturable state (VBNC). K pneumoniae was removed from surfaces by mechanical wiping as shown with DSB of other species. Although culturability was reduced over time, bacteria remained viable up to 4 weeks incubation, proving the need for robust cleaning regimens. This is the first study confirming K pneumoniae survival on dry surfaces as a DSB. The presence of VBNC bacteria indicated that K pneumoniae can for extended periods, raising questions about its persistence on surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: As no evidence-based treatment guidelines exist for chronic Achilles tendon rupture (CATR), a systematic review of the literature was performed to compare the different treatment options and recommend a literature-based algorithm. Methods: In June 2022, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed based on the PRISMA guidelines. The level of evidence (LOE) and quality of evidence were evaluated, and statistics on clinical outcomes and complications were calculated. Results: Twenty-seven studies with 614 patients were included. Three studies were LOE III and 25 studies were LOE IV. The mean Achilles tendon rupture score improved from a preoperative weighted mean of 38.8 ± 12.4 to a postoperative score 90.6 ± 4.7. The overall complication rate was 11.4%. Single techniques were used in 23 studies and dual techniques were used in 5 studies. The FHL tendon transfer was the most frequently used technique. We devised an algorithmic approach based on time from injury to surgical intervention and the length of the gap between the tendon stumps: >3 months: FHL transfer; <3 months (a) gap <2 cm, end-to-end repair; (b) gap 2 to 5 cm, gastrocnemius transfer, (c) gap >5 cm, semitendinosus autograft. Conclusion: Surgical management of CATR produced improvements in patient-reported outcome scores at midterm follow up, but a high complication rate (11.4%) was noted. Our proposed treatment algorithm may assist in shared decision making for this complex problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current narrative review focuses on cross-language influences (CLI) in spelling English as a foreign language (EFL). We identify three types of distance between first language (L1) and English that may impact English spelling, namely distance in writing system, in orthography and in phonology. The review describes and specifies the spelling difficulties that different groups of EFL learners may experience due to these distance types. We present a detailed examination of these inter-connected aspects of distance in order to characterize the different sources of CLI in spelling. Because CLI plays a significant role in learning a new language, understanding and characterizing the types of distance that lead to CLI has important implications for EFL instruction and learning. The empirical studies reviewed here clearly indicate that distance from L1 affects the English spelling of both beginning and advanced English learners, and this effect depends on the type of distance. In addition, we suggest that spelling difficulties are exacerbated in cases where L1 is distant from EFL in more than one way. Suggestions for future research are provided and pedagogical implications for EFL instruction are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveImmediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is already standard care for healthy term newborns, but its use for term or preterm newborns requiring admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with or without respiratory support is challenging. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of SSC during the transfer of newborn infants, using a new purpose-built mobile shuttle care-station, called “Tandem”.Material and methodsA monocentric prospective observational study was conducted at the tertiary referral center of the Université libre de Bruxelles in Brussels, Belgium after ethical approval by Hopital Erasme's Ethics Committee (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06198478). Infants born with a birth weight above 1,500 g were included. Following initial stabilization, infants were placed in SSC with one of their parents and transferred to the NICU using the Tandem.ResultsOut of 65 infants initially included, 64 (98.5%) were successfully transported via SSC using the Tandem. One transfer was not successful due to last minute parental consent withdrawal. The median (range) duration of continuous skin-to-skin contact after birth was 120 min (10–360). SSC transfers were associated with gradually decreasing heart rate (HR) values, stable oxygen saturation levels (SpO2), and no increase in median fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). Heatloss was predominantly observed during initial setup of SSC. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of tachycardia, desaturation or hypothermia between preterm and term neonates. No equipment failures compromising the transfer were recorded.ConclusionSkin-to-skin transfer of infants with a birthweight of equal or above 1,500 g using the Tandem shuttle is feasible and associated with stable physiological parameters. This method facilitates early bonding and satisfies parents.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06198478).

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common form of muscular dystrophy. It primarily exhibits slowly progressing symmetric muscle weakness in the facial, scapular, and upper arm muscles. The loss of elbow flexion is the most debilitating impairment for daily activities such as eating, grooming, and work-related tasks. The restoration of elbow flexion is more critical than any other functional recovery. Case report: We present case of a 41-year-old male patient with non-functioning elbow flexion due to FSHD. The authors selected the pectoralis major muscle as the donor muscle through preoperative electromyographic and clinical examinations. The authors opted for the modified pectoralis major transfer method, connecting the distal tendon of the pectoralis major to the proximal tendon of the biceps brachii, to minimize surgical risks through a minimal approach. By the 3 months after the surgery, the patient demonstrated the ability to perform active elbow flexion. Conclusion: For performing elbow flexoplasty in FSHD patients, it is essential to conduct thorough electromyographic and clinical examinations prior to surgery to accurately select the donor muscle. Additionally, the use of modified pectoralis major transfer for flexoplasty is considered a simple and safe surgical technique, offering the potential for favorable outcomes.

In their natural habitat, insects may bioaccumulate toxins from plants for defence against predators. When insects are accidently raised on feed that is contaminated with toxins from co-harvested herbs, this may pose a health risk when used for human or animal consumption. Plant toxins of particular relevance are the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are genotoxic carcinogens produced by a wide variety of plant species and the tropane alkaloids (TAs) which are produced by a number of Solanaceae species. This study aimed to investigate the transfer of these plant toxins from substrates to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and lesser mealworm (LMW). PAs and the TAs atropine and scopolamine were added to insect substrate simulating the presence of different PA- or TA-containing herbs, and BSFL and LMW were grown on these substrates. Bioaccumulation from substrate to insects varied widely among the different plant toxins. Highest bioaccumulation was observed for the PAs europine, rinderine and echinatine. For most PAs and for atropine and scopolamine, bioaccumulation was very low. In the substrate, PA N-oxides were quickly converted to the corresponding tertiary amines. More research is needed to verify the findings of this study at larger scale, and to determine the potential role of the insect and/or substrate microbiome in metabolizing these toxins.

IntroductionWhen facing a task, children must analyze it precisely to fully identify what its goal is. This is particularly difficult for young children, who mainly rely on environmental cues to get there. Research suggests that training children to look for the most relevant perceptual cues is promising. Furthermore, as transferring skills to a new task is difficult, the question of whether young children are able to transfer such training remains open. The aim of this study was to test the extent to which two strategies of goal self-cueing—labeling and pointing—can help 4-year-old children to identify the relevant cues to clearly identify the goal of the task. The effects of explicit strategy training were tested in a near transfer task.MethodNinety-nine typically developing 4 year olds took part in the study. They were divided into three groups: two were trained collectively in one of the two strategies and the third group as a control group with no strategy training. All children performed a cued card-sorting task four times: Pre-test, Collective training, Post-test, and Transfer with new cards.ResultsResults confirmed the beneficial effect of strategy training on goal identification, particularly after training (Post-test). In the transfer phase, all three groups performed equally well.DiscussionThis study contributes to our understanding of how young children seek information when they look for the most relevant cues for identifying the goal of a task, and the benefits they may derive in a transfer task. It seems that the use of visual cues and self-cueing strategies helps preschoolers to clearly identify the goal of a task. Results are discussed in the light of the self-regulated learning framework. Some possible classroom applications are suggested.

This longitudinal study of 17,455 students, the majority from underrepresented groups, investigated leaks in the vertical transfer pipeline from associate’s-degree program entry to bachelor’s-degree receipt. Investigated were both the size of the leaks and some associated variables. Pipeline progress examinations included quantification of early persistence, plus application to, enrollment and persistence in, and graduation from, bachelor’s programs. The examined associated variables included student demographic characteristics and possible pipeline leak malleable factors: academic preparation and performance and financial need. Overall, only 23% of the original cohort received a bachelor’s degree after eight years. In addition, this study is the first to identify and quantify the transfer melt leakage point (students accepted for vertical transfer who do not enroll in bachelor’s programs), and the first to have quantified transfer shock (a transfer-related decrease in GPA) in a large general cohort (shown by 16 percentage points of the cohort). Variables involving quicker degree progress (e.g., being exempt from remediation and enrolling full-time) were negatively associated with pipeline leaks. Together the results provide guidance for policymakers and practitioners regarding how to increase vertical transfer pipeline output and increase bachelor’s degrees by community college students, particularly those from underrepresented groups, thus increasing higher education equity.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to explore training and testing practices from Strength & Conditioning (S&C) coaches who manage groups of high-level French swimmers in elite training centers. The transfer of abilities from dry-land to in situ condition was also investigated.Methods24 French S&C coaches completed a survey via an online platform. Frequency analyses were made for quantitative and qualitative responses, the level of significance set for this study was p ≤ 0.05.ResultsCore stability, Strength & Power were the three most targeted qualities. Core strengthening in all its forms, Bench Press & Squat were the three most prescribed exercises. 79% of S&C coaches adapted exercises according to different parameters. Most of the coaches indicated that dry-land S&C sessions were preferentially placed before in-water sessions. Very varied exercises were used in-water to make the transfer from dry-land more effective. 87% of participants monitored the training load and 38% assessed the force and velocity parameters for some S&C exercises.DiscussionDry-land training practices of S&C coaches were mostly in line with scientific recommendations. In the light of results of the questionnaire, it would appear that testing procedures might be a key issue for transferring qualities from dry-land to in situ.

SignificanceUnderstanding and treating neurological disorders are global priorities. Some of these diseases are engendered by mutations that cause defects in the cellular synthesis of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which function as adapter molecules that translate messenger RNAs into proteins. During tRNA biogenesis, ribonuclease P catalyzes removal of the transcribed sequence upstream of the mature tRNA. Here, we focus on a cytoplasmic tRNAArgUCU that is expressed specifically in neurons and, when harboring a particular point mutation, contributes to neurodegeneration in mice. Our results suggest that this mutation favors stable alternative structures that are not cleaved by mouse ribonuclease P and motivate a paradigm that may help to understand the molecular basis for disease-associated mutations in other tRNAs.

Tumourigenesis and cancer progression require enhanced global protein translation1-3. Such enhanced translation is caused by oncogenic and tumour-suppressive events that drive the synthesis and activity of translational machinery4,5. Here we report the surprising observation that leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) becomes repressed during mammary cell transformation and in human breast cancer. Monoallelic genetic deletion of LARS in mouse mammary glands enhanced breast cancer tumour formation and proliferation. LARS repression reduced the abundance of select leucine tRNA isoacceptors, leading to impaired leucine codon-dependent translation of growth suppressive genes, including epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) and gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5). Our findings uncover a tumour-suppressive tRNA synthetase and reveal that dynamic repression of a specific tRNA synthetase-along with its downstream cognate tRNAs-elicits a downstream codon-biased translational gene network response that enhances breast tumour formation and growth.