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Memoria justificativa para la inclusión de la Cantería del Mármol de Macael, en el Atlas del Patrimonio Inmaterial de Andalucía.

En este artículo se analiza cómo Exit West y Carnival Row se distinguen por la hibridación de las modalidades de lo real maravilloso, la fantasía o la ciencia ficción para elaborar relatos sobre refugiados que ofrecen una visión crítica, e incluso subversiva, de los sistemas capitalista, colonial y patriarcal. La desautomatización, por otro lado, enfatiza los elementos clave del discurso y modifica su percepción habitual. Asimismo, ambas obras tienen en común una representación de la mujer refugiada caracterizada por su autonomía, fortaleza y capacidad de liderazgo, que desafía los márgenes sociales., This article focuses on how the hybridization of genres like magical realism, fantasy and science fiction in Exit West and Carnival Row serves to narrate the journeys of refugees and also to provide a critical and even subversive vision of the capitalist, colonialist and patriarchal systems. The resulting estrangement serves to emphasize key objects and to break usual perceptions. Furthermore, both works share a common representation of refugee women characterized by a high degree of independence, strength and capability for leadership, thus defying social constraints., En aquest article s'analitza com Exit West i Carnival Row es distingeixen per la hibridació de les modalitats del real meravellós, la fantasia o la ciència-ficció per tal d’elaborar relats sobre refugiats que ofereixen una visió crítica, i fins i tot subversiva, dels sistemes capitalista, colonial i patriarcal. La desautomatització, d'altra banda, emfatitza els elements clau del discurs i modifiquen la seva percepció habitual. Així mateix, ambdues obres tenen en comú una representació de la dona refugiada caracteritzada per la seva autonomia, fortalesa i capacitat de lideratge, que desafia els marges socials.

In this paper, we propose a vision of the role of parent/caregiver with children affected by a rare disease. This vision is rooted in data obtained from our own research, however, our analysis and interpretation of this data have been subsequently checked against existing theoretical models. The research aims to explore how parents who look after children with a rare disease experience their role as caregivers and how they assimilate their role identity in this task. Semi-structured interviews were performed with parents of 10 children, and a qualitative data analysis was conducted using grounded theory. We have identified ten main categories using a grounded theory approach: stress, disorientation, insecurity, isolation, faith, trust, attention, communication with professionals, private proactivity and public proactivity. Our results also show that when parents perceive a greater burden due to looking after a child with a rare disease, the result is a change in the usual parental role. In our contribution, we offer a general outline of how parents build a role identity centred on caring for a child with a rare disease. We posit that this role identity is the outcome of the parents’ success or failure in gradually overcoming fear through love. We have conceptualized this process as navigating between love and fear.

It has long been assumed that lead glazing technology preceded glassmaking in the Western world and that the technological transfer was from glazes to glass. Here, we present new evidence for the reverse, the indigenous innovation of glassmaking and its transfer to glazes in early Islamic al-Andalus (Spain). Compositional analyses show that Islamic lead glazes from Córdoba are intimately related to a distinct type of high-lead glass, suggesting a connection between the two technologies. The archaeological remains from a pottery workshop indicate that the glazing process initially involved the production of a lead glass and is not linked to earlier Roman or other contemporary glazing technologies. The data also demonstrate that the potters not only used the same materials and techniques but borrowed stylistic and decorative models from glassmaking., Il a été proposé que la technologie de la glaçure plombifère ait précédé la production du verre en Europe occidentale et que cette technologie aurait ensuite été transférée au verre. Cet article présente de nouvelles données qui indiquent le contraire, c'est-à-dire une invention locale du verre et son transfert aux techniques de glaçure en al-Andalus (Espagne) au début de l’époque islamique. Des analyses de composition montrent que les glaçures plombifères de l’époque islamique de Cordoue sont liées à un type distinct de verre à haute teneur en plomb, ce qui met en évidence la relation étroite entre les deux technologies. Les vestiges archéologiques d'un atelier de potiers indiquent que le processus de production de la glaçure impliquait initialement la production de verre au plomb et n’était pas lié à la technologie romaine ou autres technologies contemporaines de la glaçure. Les données démontrent également que les potiers n'ont pas seulement utilisé les mêmes matériaux et techniques mais ont emprunté des motifs stylistiques et décoratifs à la verrerie., Es wurde angenommen, dass die Technologie der Bleiglasur der Glasherstellung in Westeuropa vorausging und dass der Technologietransfer von Glasur zu Glas erfolgte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch, dass das Gegenteil der Fall war. Im frühislamischen al-Andalus in Spanien wurde zunächst Glas hergestellt und diese Technologie wurde dann auf Glasuren übertragen. Chemische Analysen zeigen, dass die Bleiglasuren der frühislamischen Zeit aus Córdoba eng mit einem bestimmten Typus von Bleiglas verwandt sind, was für einen Zusammenhang der beiden Technologien spricht. Das archäologische Fundmaterial aus einer Töpferwerkstatt deutet darauf hin, dass der Glasurprozess ursprünglich die Herstellung eines Bleiglases beinhaltete und nicht mit früheren römischen oder anderen zeitgenössischen Glasurtechnologien zusammenhängt. Die Daten zeigen auch, dass die Töpfer nicht nur die gleichen Techniken und Rohstoffe benutzten, sondern auch stilistische und dekorative Elemente der Glasherstellung entliehen.

Presently, the attention given to natural substances to counteract damage produced by oxidative stress (OS) has risen sharply. In this scenario, hydroxytyrosol (HT) derivatives, formed as a result of HT conjugation with fatty acids (FAs) (lipophenols), have been recently described in foodstuffs such as extra virgin olive oil, as being powerful bioactive compounds with a higher activity than the unesterified phenolic compound. The present work describes the capacity of HT lipophenols to act on the course of OS and secondary inflammatory processes, based on their capacity to modulate the isoprostanoid profile induced by HO in THP-1 monocytic cells. A UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS-based lipidomics workflow was applied over a range of 37 human oxylipins. The main outcomes retrieved suggest both HT and HT-lipophenols as regulators of the cellular redox balance, acting as pro-oxidants in vitro, which is highly dependent on the experimental conditions. Our outcomes suggest the anti-inflammatory potential of both HT and HT-lipophenols, where the type of the FAs on the HT core appears to be critical for defining the bioactivity of lipophenols, highlighting that a lipidomic approach, with the simultaneous analysis of multiple oxylipins, is critical for the understanding of the bioactivity of lipophenols on isoprostanoid generation and hence, on pathophysiological processes., This work was partially funded by the “Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia” Grupo de Excelencia 19900/GERM/15 and the Spanish project AGL2017-83386-R-AEI/FEDER, UE from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. SM was supported by a Postdoctoral Contract (Saavedra-Fajardo 21078/SF/19) from the Agency for Science and Technology of the Región de Murcia – “Fundación Séneca” (Spain)

This article also appears in: 8th International Symposium on Gully erosion Special Issue., Badlands are landforms that occur all over the World. In the Mediterranean region, badlands are found in both dry (arid and semi‐arid) and wet (subhumid and humid) environments, and are characterized by complex hydro‐geomorphological dynamics, high intense erosion processes and extreme sediment yield. Understanding the impact of Global Change is key to predict the on‐site and off‐site effects on badland dynamics, particularly its consequences on bedrock weathering, on sediment yield and delivery and on plant colonization. Here, conducting a systematic literature review, we analyzed an extensive database and identified the main climate‐drivers affecting the hydro‐geomorphological dynamics in Mediterranean badlands (based on non‐metric multidimensional scaling and structural equation modeling analysis). Later, we examined the main impacts expected from climate change forecasting in the near future, and we explored the interactions between badlands response to climate variation. In Mediterranean badlands, weathering processes are mainly related to wetting–drying cycles and freeze–thaw cycles in dry and wet badlands, respectively. In both environments, rainfall amount appears as the main driver for runoff response, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity for erosion dynamics. Future climate scenarios forecast a decrease in annual rainfall, number of rainfall events and frost days, and in soil moisture, and an increase in rainfall intensity. These changes will have direct hydro‐geomorphological implications with direct and indirect effects on badland dynamics. This may result in a decrease in annual runoff in dry badlands, but the occurrence of more frequent extreme events would increase soil erosion and could negatively affect biological soil crust. In wet badlands, weathering and erosion processes may decrease, and a stabilization of the slopes, with consequently improved vegetation growth, may be expected. In addition, the forecasted changes must be taken into account, especially considering the possible off‐site effects of these extreme environments., This work was funded by the H2020‐MSCA‐IF‐2018 program (Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Actions) of the European Union under REA grant agreement, number 834329‐SEDILAND, the REBIOARID (RTI2018‐101921‐B‐I00) and MANMOUNT (PID2019‐105983RB‐100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) projects funded by the Spanish National Plan for Research (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) and the European Union ERDF funds and the RH2O‐ARID project (P18‐RT‐5130) funded by Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía and the European Union ERDF funds. ERC and SC are supported by a HIPATIA‐UAL postdoctoral fellowship funded by the University of Almeria.

Studies of rainfall isotopic composition in the Iberian Peninsula are scarce, and to date, none of them have provided analyses of the triple oxygen isotopes, preventing from the complete understanding of current atmospheric processes in this region. We investigate the rainwate rδ17O,δ18O, an dδD and derived parameters 17O-excess and d-excess ina mountain site in the Central South Pyrenees (Villanúa, Huesca, Spain) to identify themain factors (regional and local) controlling the isotopic composition of precipitation atevent scale. The samples were collected on a rainfall-event basis during 2 years (fromJuly 2017 to June 2019), and meteorological variables [temperature, relative humidity (RH), and rainfall amount] were monitored at the sampling site. The δ17O, δ18O, and δD values were higher during summer and lower during the rest of the year. In contrast, the17O-excess and d-excess were lower during summer and higher during the remaining months. We found that the isotopic parameters are weakly correlated with rainfall amount during each event, but they strongly depend on changes in air temperature and moderately on RH. We consider other factors affecting the isotopic composition of rainfall events that resulted to have an important role, such as the influence of the moisture source and trajectory throughout the variations in the synoptic pattern during rainfall events. This dataset can be useful for further comprehensive atmospheric andhydrological studies, with application to paleoclimatic investigations., This work was supported by the Spanish Governmenta nd the European Regional Development Funds [projects CGL2016-77479-R (SPYRIT) and PID2019-106050RB-I00 (PYCACHU)] and Villanúa Council economical support. MB was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship in the Juan de la Cierva Formation program provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science (ref.: FJCI-2017-31725). FG was financially supported by the “HIPATIA” research program of the University of Almería. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

Cet article decrit la conception d’un corpus d’ecrits scolaires longitudinal et trilingue (francais, espagnol, italien). L’objectif est d’etablir une comparaison de l’evolution des competences en litteracie entre ces trois langues a l’ecole primaire. Pour le moment, seul le CP (grade 1) a ete entierement traite mais les memes eleves seront suivis jusqu’au CM2 (grade 5). L’exploitation de ce corpus propose une approche reposant sur des comparaisons entre la version des textes produits par les eleves et une version dite ‹normalisee›. Cette approche permet d’assister la description linguistique des reussites et des difficultes dans l’apprentissage de l’ecrit. En particulier, l’article s’interessera a la segmentation entre les mots, en mettant en evidence a la fois la frequence du phenomene et les categories de mots dans lesquelles il se produit. L’analyse comparative revele la presence de caracteristiques similaires dans le corpus trilingue.

Premise: Water is the most limiting factor in dryland ecosystems, and plants are adapted to cope with this constraint. Particularly vulnerable are phreatophytic plants from groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) in regions that have to face water regime alterations due to the impacts of climate and land-use changes. Methods: We investigated two aspects related to the water-use strategy of a keystone species that dominates one of the few terrestrial GDEs in European drylands (Ziziphus lotus): where it obtains water and how it regulates its use. We (1) evaluated plants’ water sources and use patterns using a multiple-isotope approach (δH, δO, and ΔC); (2) assessed the regulation of plant water potential by characterizing the species on an isohydric–anisohydric continuum; and (3) evaluated plants’ response to increasing water stress along a depth-to-groundwater (DTGW) gradient by measuring foliar gas exchange and nutrient concentrations. Results: Ziziphus lotus behaves as a facultative or partial phreatophyte with extreme anisohydric stomatal regulation. However, as DTGW increased, Z. lotus (1) reduced the use of groundwater, (2) reduced total water uptake, and (3) limited transpiration water loss while increasing water-use efficiency. We also found a physiological threshold at 14 m depth to groundwater, which could indicate maximum rooting length beyond which optimal plant function could not be sustained. Conclusions: Species such as Z. lotus survive by squandering water in drylands because of a substantial groundwater uptake. However, the identification of DTGW thresholds indicates that drawdowns in groundwater level would jeopardize the functioning of the GDE., This research was done in the framework of the LTSER Platform “The Arid Iberian South East LTSER Platform - Spain (LTER_EU_ES_027)” and supported by the European project LIFE Adaptamed (LIFE14349 CCA/ES/000612), the Spanish Ecological Transition Ministry (through Biodiversity Foundation) project CO-ADAPTA. (CA_CC_2016), and the RTI2018-102030-B-I00 project of the University of Almería (PPUENTE2020/001). F.G. was financially supported by the “HIPATIA” research program of the University of Almeria, and the Spanish government supported M.T.T. with a FPU predoctoral fellowship (16/02214)

International audience; In this paper we prove the nonexistence of nontrivial solution to −∆u = f (u) in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, being Ω ⊂ R N (N ≥ 1) a bounded domain and f locally Lispchitz with non-positive primitive. As a consequence, we discuss the long-time behavior of solutions to the so-called sine-Gordon equation.

The selection of a suitable organic amendment for recovery of semi-arid soils degraded by mining is key to the success of an ecological restoration. The aim of this research is to study the short-term responses of physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties, as well as the changes of a soil bacterial community at the genus level after application of five types of organic amendments in a limestone quarry in Almería (SE, Spain). The relationship among bacterial taxa with biochemical and physicochemical properties and priming effect from restored soils was also analysed. Six months after the application of organic amendments, the values of different soil status, such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, assimilable phosphorus and labile organic matter forms (carbohydrates and polyphenols), basal respiration (BR) and enzymatic activities increased significantly with respect to unrestored soils. Similarly, a positive priming effect of soil organic matter mineralisation was produced by all organic amendments, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sewage sludge-treated soils. Bacterial diversity was higher in restored than in control soils. The restoration caused changes in soil bacterial communities' composition at the phylum and genus levels. It was observed that soil bacterial communities were significantly related to several physical, chemical and biochemical soil properties, establishing two different co-occurrence patterns between restored and unrestored soils. A first bacterial co-occurrence pattern showed significant positive correlations to pH and C/N ratio and negativity with the rest of the soil properties. The second bacterial pattern was positively correlated with carbohydrates, μg of C, priming effect, BR, β-glucosidase and phosphatase and negatively with pH and C/N ratio. It was concluded that soil bacterial communities are clearly influenced by the types of organic amendments applied. Bacterial taxa such as Taibaiella or Pseudomonas could perform key functions in the carbon cycle in restored soils., This work was supported by the Spanish FEDER-Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Research Project BIORESOC (CGL2017-88734-R) and AGL2017-85755-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE, and FEDER-Junta de Andalucía Research Projects RESTAGRO (UAL18-RNM-A021-B) and Restoration of Abandoned Agricultural Soils in Semiarid Zones to Improve Productivity and Soil Quality and Enhance Carbon Sequestration (P18-RT-4112). Natalia Rodríguez-Berbel acknowledges a Ph.D. research grant from Spanish Government (PRE2018-084964). Isabel Miralles is grateful for funding received from the Ramón y Cajal Research Grant (RYC-2016-21191) from Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Raúl Ortega thanks his postdoctoral contract HIPATIA at University of Almería Research Plan. The authors wish to emphasize that this work was made possible by the kindness of CEMEX ESPAÑA OPERACIONES, S.L.U. (“CEMEX”) owners of the land located in the cement factory in Gádor (Almería) on which the study was carried out and BIOMASAS DEL GUADALQUIVIR, S.A. and Servicios Ambientales las Chozas, S.L. companies, for giving their composting products to this research

The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators. The rationale for this approach was: i) coliform quantification methods are internationally accepted as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters and are therefore routinely applied in analytical labs; ii) CTX-R coliforms are clinically relevant, associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and are rare in pristine environments. We analyzed 57 WWTPs in 22 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. CTX-R coliforms were ubiquitous in raw sewage and their relative abundance varied significantly (

Participatory measurement of environmental sound levels has gained interest in recent years. The calibration of measuring instruments is currently the main technical limitation. It is often the responsibility of the users and can be a potential source of error or add costs to the measurement protocol. In this article, a calibration protocol is proposed, based on the low variability of the average noise emission of individual vehicles. The advantage of this protocol for the user is that it does not require specific equipment, i.e. reference sound source or device, or special knowledge in acoustics. The method consists in measuring the noise level of a few vehicles as they pass through at different measuring points. The measured levels are compared to the levels expected by a numerical model, the difference serving as an offset for subsequent measurements. The robustness of the protocol is first tested over a large experimental campaign, and it turns out that measuring the passage of 15 vehicles at 3 different locations limits the error to −1.8 ± 1.0 dB(A). Then, the protocol is tested in real conditions with a set of 8 smartphones. The comparison with a class 1 sound level meter on 6 control points shows an average error on all phones of −0.6 ± 1.2 dB(A).

Diferencias en la produccion, consumo de agua y aporte de fertilizantes derivadas del uso de agua de mar desalinizada (T1) y agua de la mezcla de esta con agua de pozo (T2 yT3) en dos ciclos cortos de un cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero cultivado en suelo (S) y en hidroponico (H) con reutilizacion de drenajes.

Background: In recent years, ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in pups has become established as a good tool for evaluating behaviors related to communication deficits and emotional states observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure leads to impairments and social behavior deficits associated with autism, with the effects of VPA being considered as a reliable animal model of ASD. Some studies also suggest that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) could enhance autistic-like behaviors. Methods: In order to explore these similarities, in the present study we tested whether prenatal exposure to CPF at GD12.5&ndash, 14.5 produces effects that are comparable to those produced by prenatal VPA exposure at GD12.5 in infant Wistar rats. Using Deep Squeek software, we evaluated total number of USVs, latency to the first call, mean call duration, principal frequency peak, high frequency peak, and type of calls. Results: Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that exposure to both CPF and VPA leads to a significantly smaller number of calls along with a longer latency to produce the first call. No significant effects were found for the remaining dependent variables. Conclusions: These results suggest that prenatal exposure to CPF could produce certain behaviors that are reminiscent of those observed in ASD patients.

Tomato cell wall-associated kinase 1 (SlWAK1) has only been studied in biotic stress response and hence its function in abiotic stress remains unknown. In a screening under salinity of an insertional mutant collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a mutant exhibiting lower degree of leaf chlorosis than wild type (WT) together with reduced leaf Na+ accumulation was selected. Genetic analysis of the mutation revealed that a single T-DNA insertion in the SlWAK1 gene was responsible of the mutant phenotype. Slwak1 null mutant reduced its shoot growth compared with WT, despite its improved Na+ homeostasis. SlWAK1 disruption affected osmotic homeostasis, as leaf water content was lower in mutant than in WT under salt stress. In addition, Slwak1 altered the source-sink balance under salinity, by increasing sucrose content in roots. Finally, a significant fruit yield reduction was found in Slwak1 vs. WT under long-term salt stress, mainly due to lower fruit weight. Our results show that disruption of SlWAK1 induces a higher sucrose transport from source leaf to sink root, negatively affecting fruit, the main sink at adult stage.

Background: The new coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) an international public health emergency that may have negative consequences during breastfeeding. The objective of this work is to investigate the action plan on breastfeeding in postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 and her newborn. Methods: A literature search has been conducted through the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS, and Cuiden databases. The methodological quality of the articles has been assessed using the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation” (GRADE). This study has not been registered in PROSPERO. Results: A total of 14 documents have been found, of which 9 are observational empirical studies. Most of the studies were conducted in China, Italy, the USA, and Australia. A total of 114 mothers infected with coronavirus with their respective newborns have been assessed. The analyzed investigations state that it is best for the newborn to be breastfed; given that mother’s milk samples were analyzed, detecting the presence of antibodies of the coronavirus in them, being a protective factor against infection. Conclusions: Breastfeeding in postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for the newborn, if the health of the mother and newborn allow it. When direct breastfeeding is favoured, the appropriate respiratory hygiene measures always have to be considered. Whether the mother’s health does not permit direct breastfeeding, her breast milk should be previously extracted and kept unpasteurized. To secure the newborn feeding, milk banks are also an appropriate option. Yes Fundamentos: El nuevo coronavirus es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-Cov-2, considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) una emergencia de salud pública de interés internacional (ESPII), la cual podría tener consecuencias negativas durante la lactancia materna. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el plan de actuación sobre la lactancia materna ante una mujer recién parida enferma de SARS-CoV-2 y su recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura a través de las bases de datos Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS y Cuiden. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos mediante la herramienta “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation” (GRADE). No se registró en PROSPERO. Resultados: En total se encontraron 14 documentos, de los cuales 9 estudios empíricos estaban realizados mayormente en China, Italia, EEUU y Australia, estando basados en 114 madres infectadas de coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 y sus respectivos recién nacidos. Los estudios analizados afirmaron que lo mejor para el recién nacido es ser alimentado con la leche materna, ya que se analizaron muestras de leche de madres infectadas por coronavirus detectándose la presencia de anticuerpos del virus en las mismas, siendo un factor protector contra la infección del virus. Conclusiones: La lactancia materna en recién paridas con SARS-CoV-2 es muy recomendable para el recién nacido, si el estado de salud de la madre y del neonato lo permiten, favoreciéndose el amamantamiento de forma directa y teniendo siempre las medidas adecuadas de higiene respiratoria. En el caso de que el estado de salud de la madre no permita el amamantamiento directo se debería alimentar con leche materna extraída previamente de su madre y sin pasteurizar, o procedente de un banco de leche.

The relationship between supraspinatus tendon thickness and the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) at both rest position and shoulder elevation is still to be explored in those with chronic shoulder pain. The aim is to compare supraspinatus occupation ratio (OR) at 0° and 60° of shoulder elevation measured by ultrasound imaging in the symptomatic shoulder, the contralateral asymptomatic shoulder and in healthy subjects. This was across-sectional, observational study. A sample of 56 participants with subacromial pain syndrome in their dominant arm was recruited in 3 different primary care centres. Forty participants without shoulder pain were also recruited. The AHD at 0° and 60° of active shoulder abduction as well as the supraspinatus tendon thickness were measured by ultrasound in these groups. Supraspinatus OR at 60° was significantly greater in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic shoulders (P = .04) and healthy shoulders (P = .008). The percentage of change in supraspinatus OR from rest position to 60° was also greater in symptomatic shoulders when comparing with asymptomatic (P = .01) and healthy shoulders (P = .03). No other statistically significant differences for the rest of comparisons were found. Supraspinatus OR may explain shoulder pain in chronic conditions. Further studies at acute and chronic conditions after a physiotherapy treatment are needed to explore its usefulness in clinical practice.

© 2020 the Author(s)., [Background]: Severe and morbid obesity are increasing globally, particularly in women. As BMI increases, the likelihood of anovulation is higher. The primary aim of the EMOVAR clinical trial is to examine, over the short (16 weeks) and medium (12 months) term, the effects of a supervised physical exercise program (focused primarily on aerobic and resistance training) on ovarian function in women with severe/morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. Secondary objectives are to examine the effects of the intervention on chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life. [Methods]: This is a randomized controlled trial in which ∼40 female bariatric surgery patients, aged between 18 and 45 years old, will be included. Participants assigned to the experimental group will perform a total of 48 sessions of supervised concurrent (strength and aerobic) training (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session) spread over 16 weeks. Patients assigned to the control group will receive lifestyle recommendations. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 16 (i.e., after the exercise intervention) and 12 months after surgery. The primary outcome is ovarian function using the Sex-Hormone Binding Globuline, measured in serum. Secondary outcomes are serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, TSH, T4, FSH, LH, estradiol, prolactine, and free androgen index, as well as oocyte count, the diameters of both ovaries, endometrial thickness, and uterine arterial pulsatility index (obtained from a transvaginal ultrasound), the duration of menstrual bleeding and menstrual cycle duration (obtained by personal interview) and hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey Scale). Other secondary outcomes include serum markers of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (i.e., C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, glomerular sedimentation rate, glucose, insulin and the HOMA-IR), arterial stiffness, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, body composition, and total weight loss. Physical fitness (including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility), health-related quality of life (SF-36 v2) and sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index) will also be measured. [Discussion]: This study will provide, for the first time, relevant information on the effects of exercise training on ovarian function and underlying mechanisms in severe/morbid obese women following bariatric surgery., This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Plan Nacional de I+D+i call RETOS 2018 (grant n° RTI2018-093302-A-I00). EM-R was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU18/01107) and AH-M by the Gerty Cory pre-doctoral program for deficit areas at the University of Almería.

The mite family Phytoseiidae contains predatory species used in biological control. However, among the 2,521 valid species, only a few are presently considered for pest management. The study focuses on a species, frequently observed in agrosystems, but whose biology is almost totally unknown: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki. The objectives were to assess its distribution and to determine under laboratory conditions: (i) the development of three populations fed on three tomato pests (Tetranychus urticae, T. evansi, Aculops lycopersici), (ii) the dispersion along the tomato stem, and (iii) the dispersion from mint to infested tomato leaf discs. Based on its distribution, this species seems to be adapted to Mediterranean climate, and is preferentially found on Boraginaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. Results show that T. (A.) recki is a generalist predator, with good performance regarding the number of prey consumed. Differences were observed between the populations considered; one population out of the three tested shows even a higher mean consumption of T. urticae than that recorded for Neoseiulus californicus and N. cucumeris. It is attracted by food source and is able to walk along the tomato stem. These results are encouraging enough to consider T. (A.) recki as a good natural enemy candidate for biological control (especially based on biodiversity conservation). Further experiments should be developed to test the predatory ability of this species at larger scale (entire tomato plants and tomato fields or greenhouses)., Acarologia, 60, 684-697

[EN] A dramatic evolution of fruit size has accompanied the domestication and improvement of fruit-bearing crop species. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), naturally occurring cis-regulatory mutations in the genes of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL signaling pathway have led to a significant increase in fruit size generating enlarged meristems that lead to flowers with extra organs and bigger fruits. In this work, by combining mapping-by-sequencing and CRISPR/ Cas9 genome editing methods, we isolated EXCESSIVE NUMBER OF FLORAL ORGANS (ENO), an AP2/ERF transcription factor which regulates floral meristem activity. Thus, the ENO gene mutation gives rise to plants that yield larger multilocular fruits due to an increased size of the floral meristem. Genetic analyses indicate that eno exhibits synergistic effects with mutations at the LOCULE NUMBER (encoding SlWUS) and FASCIATED (encoding SlCLV3) loci, two central players in the evolution of fruit size in the domestication of cultivated tomatoes. Our findings reveal that an eno mutation causes a substantial expansion of SlWUS expression domains in a flower-specific manner. In vitro binding results show that ENO is able to interact with the GGC-box cis-regulatory element within the SlWUS promoter region, suggesting that ENO directly regulates SlWUS expression domains to maintain floral stem-cell homeostasis. Furthermore, the study of natural allelic variation of the ENO locus proved that a cis-regulatory mutation in the promoter of ENO had been targeted by positive selection during the domestication process, setting up the background for significant increases in fruit locule number and fruit size in modern tomatoes., We thank Dr. R. Fernandez-Munoz (Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea-Universidad de MalagaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) for providing seeds of wild and cultivated tomato accessions, and Dr. R. Micol-Ponce (Universidad de Almeria) for help with the EMSA experiments. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grants AGL201564991-C3-1-R and AGL2015-64991-C3-3-R) and the Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union Horizon 2020 (Breeding for Resilient, Efficient and Sustainable Organic Vegetable production [BRESOV], Project ID 774244). J.M.J.-G. was funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) Grant tomaTE, ANR-17-CE20-0024-02 and ANR TREMPLIN-European Research Council Grant RITMO, ANR-17-ERC2-0013-01.

15 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 85 referencias.- The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/10/11/1134/s1 .- This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms on Cultural Heritage, The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) have a unique ecosystem on Earth due to their outstanding biodiversity and geological features. This also extends to their subterranean heritage, such as volcanic caves, with plenty of secondary mineral deposits, including coralloid-type speleothems and moonmilk deposits. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with speleothems from two lava tubes of Santa Cruz Island were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried out for the morphological characterization and detection of microbial features associated with moonmilk and coralloid speleothems from Bellavista and Royal Palm Caves. Microbial cells, especially filamentous bacteria in close association with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), were abundant in both types of speleothems. Furthermore, reticulated filaments and Actinobacteria-like cells were observed by FESEM. The analysis of 16S rDNA revealed the presence of different bacterial phylotypes, many of them associated with the carbon, nitrogen, iron and sulfur cycles, and some others with pollutants. This study gives insights into subsurface microbial diversity of the Galapagos Islands and further shows the interest of the conservation of these subterranean geoheritage sites used as show caves, This research was funded by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment (Project PC-65-14 National Park Galapagos), by the Spanish project MINECO CGL2016-75590-P with European Regional Development Fund and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-FCT) under the project UID/Multi/04449/2019 for HERCULES/UE. AMGS was supported by a FPU fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (AP2010-2052). AZM was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-328689-DECAVE) and a CEECIND/01147/2017 contract from FCT. MLC was supported by a CEECIND/00349/2017 contract from FCT. FG was financially supported by the “HIPATIA” research program of the University of Almeria.

Le titre “Samuel Beckett and the Languages of the World” semble avoir été envisagé; International audience; no abstract

El presente trabajo analiza la alternancia de códigos entre catalán y español, a partir de un muestreo empírico de 2’37 horas. En ese corpus se pone de manifiesto que, junto a los factores tradicionales que explican la aparición de ese fenómeno, influye de manera significativa, al menos en algunas ocasiones, la emotividad asociada al uso de las lenguas y a las relaciones interpersonales.

Greenhouse cultivation in the Mediterranean region has undoubtedly enhanced the economic growth and has generated social benefits by making an efficient use of resources. However, these production systems caused undesirable environmental impacts. In order to move towards cleaner production in greenhouse areas, this study has assessed the potential environmental benefits and trade-offs of the integration of an on-farm reverse osmosis system powered by photovoltaic solar energy to recycle the drainage effluents from greenhouses. To that end, we compare the environmental footprint of a greenhouse tomato crop using this technology in a hydroponic system (HS), versus the conventional sanded soil ‘enarenado’ (CS) with free-drainage to soil. Additionally, for comparison, three independent irrigation sources (desalinated seawater with low electrical conductivity and two different mixes of underground and desalinated water, with moderate and high electrical conductivity, respectively) were evaluated. The use of desalinated seawater can help reduce the overexploitation of aquifers, although if the desalination process is not done with clean energy it also comes with a negative impact on the carbon footprint. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to analyse and evaluate six environmental impact indicators associated with these production systems and water treatments. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the potential environmental benefits of increasing the use of renewable energy for desalinated water production, whilst also curbing the common over-fertilisation malpractice reported in the study area. Based on our findings, the HS with leachate treatment technology showed, compared to the CS system, a significant reduction in the eutrophication (72 %), although it did inevitably increase the depletion of fossil fuels (43 %) global warming (37 %) and acidification (32 %) impacts, due to the need for additional infrastructure and equipment. Among the inputs considered for the cultivation systems, the greenhouse structure, and the production of fertilisers and electricity for fertigation represented the highest environmental burdens. When comparing the three irrigation treatments, it was observed that the partial substitution of desalinated seawater by brackish groundwater substantially mitigated (27 %) the global warming footprint. The sensitivity analysis revealed that a significant reduction in the environmental impact is feasible. This study was funded by the LIFE Program of the European Union through the DESEACROP project (LIFE16-ENV-ES-000341). Gallego-Elvira acknowledges the support from The Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (“Beatriz Galindo” Fellowship BEAGAL18/00081).

This research was funded by the CTS-107 and AGR145 Groups from the Granada University. M. Fuel obtained all plants of the study from Ecuador. A part of this study has been funded by the 2018 Research Initiation Grants Program for Master Students of the Vice-Rectorate for Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Granada., Moringa oleifera, Tropaeolum tuberosum and Annona cherimola are medicinal plants traditionally used in Ecuador. However, their therapeutic properties are not completely known. We analyzed chromatographically ethanolic extracts of the seeds of M. oleifera, A. cherimola and the tubers of T. tuberosum; all presented a high content of polyphenols. The extract of A. cherimola showed the highest antioxidant activity and M. oleifera had the highest capacity to enhance the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and quinone oxidoreductase. The antitumor effect of these extracts was evaluated in vitro with colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines T84, HCT-15, SW480 and HT-29, as well as with cancer stem cells (CSCs). A. cherimola and M. oleifera extracts presented the lowest IC50 in T-84 and HCT-15 (resistant) cells, respectively, as well as the highest level of inhibition of proliferation in multicellular tumor spheroids of HCT-15 cells. The inhibitory effect on CSCs is noteworthy because in vivo, these cells are often responsible for cancer recurrences and resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, all extracts showed a synergistic activity with 5-Fu. The antiproliferative mechanism of the extracts was related to overexpression of caspases 9, 8 and 3 and increased production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, we observed cell death by autophagy in M. oleifera and T. tuberosum extracts. Therefore, these ethanolic extracts are excellent candidates for future molecular analysis of the presence of bioactive compounds and in vivo studies which could improve colon cancer therapy., Granada Universit CTS-107 AGR145, 2018 Research Initiation Grants Program for Master Students of the Vice-Rectorate for Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Granada

One strategy for restoring degraded soils by opencast mining in semiarid regions is the application of organic amendments. However, selecting an appropriate organic amendment that improves soil quality and functionality for recovery in the short-term without a high contribution to increased CO₂ emissions is important for improving restoration strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the short and medium-term changes in physico-chemical and biological properties in restored soils with organic amendments from a limestone quarry (SE, Spain). Several restoration treatments were applied consisting stabilized sewage sludge, vegetable compost garden waste, vegetable compost from greenhouse crop residues and two mixtures thereof, then native plants were planted. After six months several soil properties were evaluated (electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), assimilable phosphorus (AP), soil water retention, carbohydrates and polyphenols content, enzymatic activities, bacteria and fungi fatty acids and soil respiration). Some physico-chemical soil properties and the survival rates and biovolume of the introduced native plants, as well as the percentage of land cover occupied by wild plants, were also analyzed 2 years after the application of the amendments. Organic amendments improved significantly all soil properties compared with unamended soils. Labile organic matter forms (carbohydrates and polyphenols) showed significant positive correlations with parameters related to microbial activity. Restored soils with sewage sludge had the highest significant labile C values, following by its mixtures. All organic amendments increased in situ CO₂ release, a positive priming effect and organic matter mineralization, being these properties higher in sludge-treated soils than in the rest restored and non-amendment soils. The content of TOC and TN and water retention remained similar two after the application of the amendments, but the EC decreased in restored soils. Nevertheless, despite PCA analysis clearly demonstrated that all restoration treatments had an important effect on the functionality and soil quality, vegetable compost from garden waste or from horticultural greenhouse crop waste amendments were the best restoration treatments for short and medium-term restoration of degraded quarry soils in harsh environmental and climate conditions because they also presented lower CO emission rates to the atmosphere and the highest survival and growth rates of the introduced plants and wild cover in the experimental plots., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Research Project BIORESOC (CGL2017-88734- R) AEI/FEDER, UE and Andalusian Regional Government FEDER-Junta de Andalucía Research Projects RESTAGRO (UAL18-RNM-A021-B) and Restoration of Abandoned Agricultural Soils in Semiarid Zones to Improve Productivity and Soil Quality and Enhance Carbon Sequestration (P18-RT-4112). Isabel Miralles is grateful for funding received from the Ramon ´ y Cajal Research Grant (RYC-2016-21191) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Raúl Ortega thanks his postdoctoral contract HIPATIA of the University of Almería Research Plan

Este artículo revisa las representaciones referidas a la figura folclórica del trickster y a la figura griega de Mễtis, como imágenes dialógicas y símbolos transculturales y bifrontes, vinculados con una inteligencia astuta capaz y con sus habilidades para deconstruir las representaciones comunes y crear paradojas que estimulan el conocimiento. Se proponen como estudios de casos diferentes textos e hitos interculturales., This paper reviews the representations of the folkloric figure of Trickster and the Greek figure of Mễtis as dialogic images and transcultural, two-sided symbols linked to a capable cunning intelligence and its ability to deconstruct common representations and create paradoxes that promote knowledge. Several texts and intercultural milestones are proposed as case studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-08 An experiment was conducted to develop a model of vegetative growth based on the nitrate concentrations in nutrient solutions using the nutrient film technique and to determine the best cultivar for each concentration. The chicory cultivars (“Pão de Açúcar,” “Folha Larga,” “Precoce de Trieste” and “Catalonha”) and the subplots corresponded to different nitrate concentrations (6.68, 10.0, 13.32 and 16.64 mmol L−1). There was an interaction between the evaluated factors, such that there was no similarity in the response of the chicory cultivars to the N concentrations in the nutrient solution. The most productive chicory cultivar was “Pão de Açúcar,” which exhibited 10.5% higher productivity than the average, and the least productive was “Folha Larga,” which showed approximately 8.5% lower productivity than the average. Departamento de Produção Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Campus de Jaboticabal UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Agronomía Universidad de Almería Departamento de Produção Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Campus de Jaboticabal UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Given a nontrivial Borel measure μ on the unit circle T{double-struck}, the corresponding reproducing (or Christoffel-Darboux) kernels with one of the variables fixed at z = 1 constitute a family of so-called para-orthogonal polynomials, whose zeros belong to T. With a proper normalization they satisfy a three-term recurrence relation determined by two sequences of real coefficients, {cn} and {dn}, where {dn} is additionally a positive chain sequence. Coefficients (cn, dn) provide a parametrization of a family of measures related to μ by addition of a mass point at z = 1. In this paper we estimate the location of the extreme zeros (those closest to z = 1) of the para-orthogonal polynomials from the (cn, dn)-parametrization of the measure, and use this information to establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a gap in the support of μ at z = 1. These results are easily reformulated in order to find gaps in the support of μ at any other z ∈ T{double-struck}. We provide also some examples showing that the bounds are tight and illustrate their computational applications. Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad de Almería Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica and Computacional Granada University Departamento de Matemática Aplicada IBILCE UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista ICTE UFTM - Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro Departamento de Matemática Aplicada IBILCE UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2009/13832-9 CNPq: 305073/2014-1 CNPq: 475502/2013-2

The objective of this work is to analyze the concept of school violence, as well as the personal and contextual characteristics attributed to victims and aggressors. The sample consists of 175 third and fourth year students of the Degree in Social Education. The results show a complete concept of school violence, and the consideration of it as a fairly important fact., Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el concepto de violencia escolar, como y las características tanto personales como contextuales atribuidas a víctimas y a agresores. La muestra está compuesta por 175 estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso del Grado de Educación Social. Los resultados muestran un concepto completo de violencia escolar, y la consideración de la misma como un hecho bastante importante.

In this paper, we prove the identity dim H(F) = d dim H(a?1(F)), where dim H denotesHausdorff dimension, F Rd, and a : [0, 1] ! [0, 1]d is a function whose constructive definition isaddressed from the viewpoint of the powerful concept of a fractal structure. Such a result standsparticularly from some other results stated in a more general setting. Thus, Hausdorff dimension ofhigher dimensional subsets can be calculated from Hausdorff dimension of 1-dimensional subsets of[0, 1]. As a consequence, Hausdorff dimension becomes available to deal with the effective calculationof the fractal dimension in applications by applying a procedure contributed by the authors inprevious works. It is also worth pointing out that our results generalize both Skubalska-Rafajłowiczand Garc&iacute, a-Mora-Redtwitz theorems.

[SPA] La valoración de la pequeña y mediana empresa (PYME) es objeto de análisis fundamental en la literatura financiera. Mientras que existen diversos procedimientos desarrollados para calcular el valor de grandes empresas con participaciones en los mercados financieros, estas técnicas están muy limitadas cuando consideramos la valoración de una PYME. Esto es debido a que la valoración de una empresa de reducido tamaño adolece de suficiente información necesaria para el cálculo del valor de una empresa. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es el de considerar los distintos métodos de valoración desarrollados en la literatura para PYMES y sus factores determinantes. En particular, nos centramos el modelo basado en los Descuentos de Flujos de Caja para examinar los factores que afectan a la valoración de las PYMES con especial relevancia al papel jugado por la localización geográfica de las empresas que estamos examinando y las características de su entorno. Para conseguir este objetivo, desarrollamos dos aplicaciones empíricas sobre una muestra de PYMES españolas del sector agrario y agroalimentario, respectivamente. El análisis de estos sectores es de especial relevancia dada su importancia en el tejido productivo de los distintos países europeos. Además, estos sectores están constituidos por un alto porcentaje de empresas de reducido tamaño. En un primer análisis contrastamos si la proximidad geográfica de las empresas agrarias entre sí y de estas a distintos puntos de interés de su entorno más cercano influyen en su valoración. En un segundo análisis contrastamos la heterogeneidad de los resultados anteriores desarrollando una aplicación empírica en dos regiones con distintas características económicas sobre una base de empresas agro-alimentarias. Los resultados de estos análisis confirman nuestra hipótesis acerca de la significatividad de las variables de carácter geográfico en la valoración de las PYMES. Además, la comparación regional indica que en las regiones con mayores niveles de desarrollo económico, los efectos de interacción entre empresas cercanas influyen de forma más intensa en su valoración. En estas regiones, las economías de aglomeración y las economías de escala juegan un papel muy importante en la distribución geográfica de la valoración empresarial de las empresas analizadas. Por el contrario, en regiones con menores niveles de desarrollo económico la proximidad geográfica de las empresas consideradas a distintos agentes externos, facilitando la transferencia de conocimiento, ejerce un efecto positivo sobre el valor de las PYMES agroalimentarias. En un tercer análisis proponemos un método para calcular el valor de PYMES de las que no se dispone de suficiente información como para aplicar los métodos de valoración tradicionales. La aproximación al valor de estas empresas se basa en la información obtenida de las empresas de su entorno así como de sus características. En este caso, proponemos un ejemplo y calculamos las posibles desviaciones entre el valor calculado con las técnicas tradicionales de valoración y nuestra propuesta obteniendo una diferencia mínima. Finalmente y como consecuencia de los resultados anteriores, presentamos una serie de implicaciones y conclusiones que deberán ser consideradas en futuras investigaciones en esta área de estudio. [ENG] Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)’ valuation is an increasingly important topic on finance accounting. While there are several procedures that could be applied to obtain firms’ valuations for large companies acting in stock markets, these techniques are limited for reduced-size companies. The valuation of not listed SME in any stock market is a complex task since there is not enough information on comparable transactions. The aim of this dissertation is to consider the main SMEs’ valuation methods and analyze the variables that influence on them with special emphasis on the role played by the geographical location. To get our purposes, we develop empirical applications on samples of non-listed agrarian Spanish companies. Specifically we consider the agri-food sector. We focus on these sectors because they are a fundamental pillar for the European countries. Furthermore, they have a fragmented structure, with a high percentage of reduce size companies (SMEs). In a first phase of this dissertation, we study how the geographical proximity among peer companies and/or from these companies to certain strategic points impacts on the valuation of SMEs in the agrarian sector. We combine the Discount Cash Flow (DCF) methodology and spatial econometric techniques to analyses the spatial distribution of agrarian firms’ valuations and model the behavior of this variable. In a second analysis, we compare the significance of the geographical variables on agri-food firms’ valuation in two regions with different economic and financial characteristics. Our results support the hypothesis that agri-food firms’ valuations are conditioned by the geography. We find that firms grouped together in the territory tend to have similar valuations. In addition, we get significant effects derived from the geographical proximity from agri-food companies to external agents and transport facilities. Regarding the comparison among the different regions, we obtain that most developed regions are characterized by stronger spatial interaction structures between agri-food companies highlighting the role of agglomeration economies and economies of scale on these firms’ values. Otherwise, spatial interaction effects are not as intense for the less developed region. In this case, geographical proximity from companies to external agents, easing the transfer of knowledge, favors a higher firms’ value. After these empirical applications, we propose a specific procedure to get SMEs’ valuations for companies with scarce available temporal information. This proposal is based on spatial information and firms’ environment characteristics. To show our proposal, we develop an example on a sample of SMEs testing the deviations between the valuation from the traditional valuation techniques and our proposal. We obtain a minimum difference between these approaches. As consequence of these analyses we provide a list of conclusions and implications which could be considered in future studies in this area. Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas, Empresariales y Jurídicas por la Universidad de Almería; la Universidad de Jaén y la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) is a well-proven proxy of biocrust development, photosynthetic organisms' status, and recovery monitoring after environmental disturbances. However, laboratory methods for the analysis of chlorophyll require destructive sampling and are expensive and time consuming. Indirect estimation of chlorophyll a by means of soil surface reflectance analysis has been demonstrated to be an accurate, cheap, and quick alternative for chlorophyll retrieval information, especially in plants. However, its application to biocrusts has yet to be harnessed. In this study we evaluated the potential of soil surface reflectance measurements for non-destructive Chla quantification over a range of biocrust types and soils. Our results revealed that fromthe different spectral transformation methods and techniques, the first derivative of the reflectance and the continuum removal were the most accurate for Chla retrieval. Normalized difference values in the red-edge region and common broadband indexes (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were also sensitive to changes in Chla. However, such approaches should be carefully adapted to each specific biocrust type. On the other hand, the combination of spectral measurements with non-linear random forest (RF) models provided very good fits (R > 0.94) with a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of about 6.5 μg/g soil, and alleviated the need for a specific calibration for each crust type, opening a wide range of opportunities to advance our knowledge of biocrust responses to ongoing global change and degradation processes from anthropogenic disturbance., This research was funded by the RESUCI (CGL2014-59946-R), DINCOS (CGL2016-78075-P), and REBIOARID (RTI2018-101921-B-I00) projects funded by the Spanish National Plan for Research and the European Union ERDF funds, and the project H2020-MSCA-RISE-GYPWORLD (funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Slodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 777803). Field sampling was conducted within the framework of the project “Cuantificación de flujos de carbono y agua en zonas áridas a partir de información spectral” founded by Aerial Platforms for Research-ICTS (INTA) throughout the campaign “Investigaciones de Altura.” J.R.R. was funded by the FPU predoctoral fellowship from the Educational, Culture and Sports Ministry of Spain (FPU14/05806). E.R.-C. was supported by the Juan de la Cierva incorporación fellowship (IJCI-2016-29274) and by the Hipatia postdoctoral fellowship funded by the University of Almería. B.R.-R. was supported by the foundation Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno under its predoctoral fellowship program and S.C. was supported by the Hipatia postdoctoral fellowship funded by the University of Almería.

11 Pág. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía​, In this study, concentrations of cadmium using 3778 samples encompassing the total size of Spain (about 505 km2) were investgated. Two novel spatial methods namely Moran eigenvector spatially varying coefficient (MESVC) and spatially filtered unconditional quantile regression (SF-UQR) were employed with the aim of avoiding the problem of local collinearity which is prevalent in regression models. Additionally, the spatially varying coefficients methods were applied to assess the influence of soil properties together with soil texture on the spatial variations of cadmium. It was indicated that the overall level of cadmium is low compared to the concentrations found around the world. In particular, the values of Cd varied between 0.01 and 2.00 mgkg-1, with the median of 0.23 mgkg-1. The residual standard error and adjusted R2 produced by MESVC were 0.16 and 0.69, respectively which are better than 0.21 and 0.39 yielded by the SF-UQR model. Both of these models outperformed compared to the geographically weighted regression (GWR) and the performance of MESVC was also better than the traditional method of kriging. For instance, in terms of willmott index (d) and root mean squared relative error (RMSRE), the MESVC had superior performance with values equal to 0.612 and 0.275 compared to 0.399 and 0.379 obtained for the ordinary kriging. The MESVC and GWR demonstrated that CaCO3, sand, silt and clay had a negligible influence on spatial variations of cadmium whereas, EC had the largest contribution followed by SOM and pH., We are grateful to the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and Structural Funds 2014–2020 (ERDF and ESF) for the financial support (project AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330 and project REMEDINAL P2018/EMT-4338). The current research has also been performed thanks to the help of research team of “Agricultura Protegida y Medioambiente Horticultura Urbana y nutrición vegetal” of Almeria University. We also wish to thank the funding provided by the Previous Spanish Ministries of Agriculture and Environment through several projects.

Decision makers are increasingly interested in information from ecosystem services (ES) assessments. Scientists have for long recognised the importance of selecting appropriate indicators. Yet, while the amount and variety of indicators developed by scientists seems to increase continuously, the extent to which the indicators truly inform decision makers is often unknown and questioned. In this viewpoint paper, we reflect and provide guidance on how to develop appropriate ES indicators for informing decision making, building on scientific literature and practical experience collected from researchers involved in seven case studies. We synthesized 16 criteria for ES indicator selection and organized them according to the widely used categories of credibility, salience, legitimacy (CSL). We propose to consider additional criteria related to feasibility (F), as CSL criteria alone often seem to produce indicators which are unachievable in practice. Considering CSLF together requires a combination of scientific knowledge, communication skills, policy and governance insights and on-field experience. In conclusion, we present a checklist to evaluate CSLF of your ES indicators. This checklist helps to detect and mitigate critical shortcomings in an early phase of the development process, and aids the development of effective indicators to inform actual policy decisions. Fil: van Oudenhoven, Alexander P.E.. Leiden University; Países Bajos Fil: Schröter, Matthias. Helmholtz Zentrum Für Umweltforschung; Alemania. German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania Fil: Drakou, Evangelia G.. Faculty Of Geo-information Science And Earth Observation; Países Bajos Fil: Geijzendorffer, Ilse R.. Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands; Francia Fil: Jacobs, Sander. Belgian Biodiversity Platform; Bélgica. Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Bélgica Fil: van Bodegom, Peter M.. Leiden University; Países Bajos Fil: Chazee, Laurent. Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands; Francia Fil: Czúcz, Bálint. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Francia. Hungarian Academy Of Sciences. Institute of Ecology and Botany; Argentina Fil: Grunewald, Karsten. Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development; Alemania Fil: Lillebø, Ana I.. Universidade de Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Mononen, Laura. Finnish Environment Institute; Finlandia. Itä-suomen Yliopisto; Finlandia Fil: Nogueira, António J.A.. Universidade de Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Pacheco Romero, Manuel. Universidad de Almeria; España Fil: Perennou, Christian. Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands; Francia Fil: Remme, Roy P.. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment; Países Bajos Fil: Rova, Silvia. Universita' Ca' Foscari Di Venezia; Italia Fil: Syrbe, Ralf-Uwe. Leibniz Institute Of Ecological Urban And Regional Development; Alemania Fil: Tratalos, Jamie A.. University College Dublin; Irlanda Fil: Vallejos, María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Albert, Christian. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität; Alemania

In order to assess the therapeutic potential of cell-based strategies, it is of paramount importance to elaborate and validate tools for monitoring the behavior of injected cells in terms of tissue dissemination and engraftment properties. Here, we apply bismuth ferrite harmonic nanoparticles (BFO HNPs) to in vitro expanded human skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (hMuStem cells), an attractive therapeutic avenue for patients suffering from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (1,2). Recent works demonstrated the high biocompatibility of HNPs for human cell lines (3). Furthermore, the net advantages of HNPs with respect to other optically active NPs are (i) their efficacy as NIR-II probes, (ii) the possibility to use freely tune laser excitation for harmonic signals imaging and (iii) their properties to resist to bleaching (4,5). We firstly demonstrate the possibility of identifying approximately 100 nm HNPs in depth of muscle tissue at more than 1 mm from the surface, taking full advantage of the extended imaging penetration depth allowed by multiphoton microscopy in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II). Secondly, we show that the simultaneous detection of second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) from BFO HNPs helps separate their response from tissue background (endogenous SHG and THG from collagen and adipose tissue), with a net increase in imaging selectivity, which could be particularly important in pathologic context that is dened by a highly remodelling tissue. Based on this successful assessment, we demonstrate the possibility of hMuStem cells labeling with HNPs. We monitor over 14 days any modication on morphology features and proliferation of hMuStem cells upon exposure to PEG-coated BFO HNPs at different concentrations, revealing their high biocompatibility. Successively, to assess the possibility of using HNP-based labeling to track cells of interest in tissue, BFO-PEG hMuStem cells were injected in mice muscle. We show the possibility to retrieve labeled hMuStem cells in mice muscle 24 h post-injection by detection of the intense SHG and THG signals generated from HNPs (Figure 1). These results show that the labeling of hMuStem cells with HNPs represents a promising approach for monitoring their engraftment properties.

The metabolic activity of water-limited ecosystems is strongly linked to the timing and magnitude of precipitation pulses that can trigger disproportionately high (i.e., hot-moments) ecosystem CO2 fluxes. We analyzed over 2-years of continuous measurements of soil CO2 efflux (Fs) under vegetation (Fsveg) and at bare soil (Fsbare) in a water-limited grassland. The continuous wavelet transform was used to: (a) describe the temporal variability of Fs; (b) test the performance of empirical models ranging in complexity; and (c) identify hot-moments of Fs. We used partial wavelet coherence (PWC) analysis to test the temporal correlation between Fs with temperature and soil moisture. The PWC analysis provided evidence that soil moisture overshadows the influence of soil temperature for Fs in this water limited ecosystem. Precipitation pulses triggered hot-moments that increased Fsveg (up to 9000%) and Fsbare (up to 17,000%) with respect to pre-pulse rates. Highly parameterized empirical models (using support vector machine (SVM) or an 8-day moving window) are good approaches for representing the daily temporal variability of Fs, but SVM is a promising approach to represent high temporal variability of Fs (i.e., hourly estimates). Our results have implications for the representation of hot-moments of ecosystem CO2 fluxes in these globally distributed ecosystems., This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness projects SOILPROF (CGL2011-15276-E), GEISpain (CGL2014-52838-C2-1-R), CARBORAD (CGL2011-27493), VERONICA (CGL2013-42271-P), IBERYCA (CGL2017-84723-P), Junta de Andalucía project GLOCHARID, including European Union ERDF funds; and by the European Commission project DIESEL (PEOPLE-2013-IOF-625988). RV acknowledges support from the University of Delaware, Universidad de Almería, Universidad de Granada, and Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC) to visit the study site, and support from NSF (Award #1652594) while writing this manuscript.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; With an overarching goal of addressing global and regional sustainability challenges, Long Term Socio-Ecological Research Platforms (LTSER) aim to conduct place-based research, to collect and synthesize both environmental and socio-economic data, and to involve a broader stakeholder pool to set the research agenda. To date there have been few studies examining the output from LTSER platforms. In this study we enquire if the socio-ecological research from 25 self-selected LTSER platforms of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network has produced research products which fulfil the aims and ambitions of the paradigm shift from ecological to socio-ecological research envisaged at the turn of the century. In total we assessed 4983 publically available publications, of which 1112 were deemed relevant to the socio-ecological objectives of the platform. A series of 22 questions were scored for each publication, assessing relevance of responses in terms of the disciplinary focus of research, consideration of human health and well-being, degree of stakeholder engagement, and other relevant variables. The results reflected the diverse origins of the individual platforms and revealed a wide range in foci, temporal periods and quantity of output from participating platforms, supporting the premise that there is a growing trend in socio-ecological research at long-term monitoring platforms. Our review highlights the challenges of realizing the top-down goal to harmonize international network activities and objectives and the need for bottom-up, self-definition for research platforms. This provides support for increasing the consistency of LTSER research while preserving the diversity of regional experiences.

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies are foreseen to be a crucial actor in the future renewable energy mix. Soil accumulation on the optical surfaces of CSP plants involves significant expenses of the operation and maintenance activities because a high cleanliness level is required to achieve proper plant revenues. Normally, only the front side of the solar reflectors is cleaned to reflect the maximum possible amount of direct solar radiation towards the receiver. However, soil deposited on the backside of the reflector could provoke degradation and might need to be considered in the cleaning strategy. As this possible degradation has never been studied, this work is dedicated to assess if the backside of reflectors should be regularly cleaned. The influence of the sand in the possible paint degradation depends on its chemical composition and the weather conditions. Therefore, several climatic conditions of artificially soiled reflector samples with different types of sand were simulated in accelerated aging tests. Concerning the results obtained, the ambient conditions simulated by the damp heat and thermal cycling tests were the only ones that produced a significant degradation of the backside paints. Also, the sand from Ouarzazate was responsible for higher deterioration.

El consumo energético del sector de la edificación presenta un elevado potencial de reducción del mismo mediante intervenciones de mejora de la eficiencia energética del edificio y/o sus instalaciones. Una vez llevada a cabo estas intervenciones, es necesario garantizar el impacto energético esperado mediante protocolos de medición y verificación de ahorros. Esto hace necesario incorporar sistemas de monitorización y gestión energética que nos permitan realizar acciones más eficientes en los edificios, teniendo en cuenta evaluaciones más reales y parámetros de confort del usuario, además de poder aplicar y verificar soluciones innovadoras. En este contexto del presente trabajo se centra en el Palacio de la Madraza propiedad de la Universidad de Granada. La investigación consiste en analizar la energética del edificio, a través de monitorización de variables térmicas y energéticas de espacios con diferentes perfiles de uso, estudios de consumos, climatología, confort térmico, uso de espacios, perfiles de usuarios y estudio termográfico de espacios. La discusión y análisis de datos así como las conclusiones han cumplido los objetivos iniciales que se planteaban en dos líneas de investigación quedando una tercera abierta a futuras ampliaciones y conclusiones. Línea 1: Caracterización energética-Sala de Administración. Se centra en la sala de administración del edificio, con parámetros de uso muy regulares y definidos, proponiendo metodología de línea base y combinando dos modelos basados en funciones de transferencia a través de datos experimentales que podría sustituir a la realidad medida, permitiendo la evaluación y verificación de ahorros energéticos así como calibración de herramientas BIM y BEM. Línea 2: Confort térmico adaptativo- Salón de Caballeros XXIV Se centra en el Salón de Caballeros XXIV, espacio de uso intermitente, analizando parámetro de confort térmico de usuario, carga energética aplicada al espacio, ajuste de perfiles de uso y consigna que nos permiten establecer protocolos más eficientes. Las líneas anteriormente descritas han sido objeto de análisis en artículos en revistas JCR, Trabajos Fin de Master y Proyectos Fin de Grado, donde el autor de la presente tesis ha sido primer autor ó bien director o codirector de los distintos trabajos que se recogen y referencian debidamente en el documento.

Global sustainability initiatives are gaining momentum and impact, and place-based research can provide complementary insights to strengthen them. Here, we explore the current and potential role of place-based research into informing global sustainability initiatives by assessing the strengths, challenges, and opportunities. We show that place-based research allows for a better understanding of global social-ecological dynamics, and that transformations towards sustainability are often triggered at the local scale through the co-construction of local solutions. We discuss that the very nature of place-based research can hinder its transferability because its global integration faces temporal, spatial and governance scale mismatches, and we identify some of the key challenges of scaling-up its findings. We highlight new opportunities to mainstream place-based research that are emerging from first, long-term networks of place-based research, second, new institutional research settings that contribute with conceptual comprehensive frameworks and capacity building tools, third, a global community of practice, and fourth, the concept of region as a bridge between local and global sustainability initiatives. We believe that the time is ripe to promote the role of place-based social-ecological research as a key contributor to achieve global sustainability goals. Fil: Balvanera, Patricia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Calderón Contreras, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; México Fil: Castro, Antonio J.. University of Idaho; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Almería; España Fil: Felipe Lucia, María R.. University of Berne; Suiza Fil: Geijzendorffer, Ilse R.. Tour du Valat. Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands; Francia Fil: Jacobs, Sander. Research Group Nature and Society. Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Países Bajos. Belgian Biodiversity Platform; Países Bajos Fil: Martín López, Berta. Leuphana University of Lüneburg. Faculty of Sustainability. Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research; Alemania Fil: Arbieu, Ugo. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Alemania Fil: Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika. University of Berne; Suiza Fil: Locatelli, Bruno. Agricultural Research for Development ; Francia. Center for International Forestry Research ; Perú Fil: Pérez Harguindeguy, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Ruiz Mercado, Ilse. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Spierenburg, Marja J.. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen; Países Bajos Fil: Vallet, Améline. Centre International de Recherche Sur L'environnement Et Le Developpement; Francia Fil: Lynes, Laura. The Rockies Institute; Canadá Fil: Gillson, Lindsey. African Climate And Development Initiative; Sudáfrica

This paper presents a dimensional-analysis supported scaling procedure applied to a mathematical model of electrochemical batteries. The main objective of this research is to allow for laboratory size-scaled and time-compressed experimental analysis of processes involving large physical magnitudes and evolving over long time spans. These situations are of interest when considering the sizing of battery packs and other components of energy systems, particularly smart grids, and further systems where battery storage is relevant, like hybrid vehicles and other standalone systems, as well as deciding management strategies on them. Voltage-, current- A nd time-scaled models preserving the dynamic evolution of a group of relevant physical magnitudes are presented. These models have been validated through simulation and physical experiments on a test-bench designed and constructed on purpose. The physical implementation of the scaled models is not possible in the cases where some of the scaled model parameters cannot be met using real batteries. But, as the mathematical construction of the scaled models is always possible, this problem can be circumvented with a Hardware-in-the-loop approach: The scaled battery is numerically emulated on a programmable and controllable power source/sink system, which is run in real-time embedded in the test-bench representing the whole system under study. Fil: Cabello, Javier Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Departamento de Control; Argentina Fil: Roboam, Xavier. Instituto Polytechnique de Toulouse; Francia. Université Paul Sabatier; Francia Fil: Junco, Sergio Jose. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Departamento de Control; Argentina Fil: Bru, Eric. Instituto Polytechnique de Toulouse; Francia. Université Paul Sabatier; Francia Fil: Lacressonniere, Fabien. Instituto Polytechnique de Toulouse; Francia. Université Paul Sabatier; Francia

Private labels have experienced significant growth in Spain in recent years. The size and composition of product assortments has been impacted by the development of own retail brands, in many cases discarding national brands. Some retailers experienced problems arising from these decisions, being forced to reintroduce some of these brands, suggesting the need to have extensive knowledge about the expected consequences of these decisions on brand management, both in terms of volume of sales and image. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between different consumer attitudinal variables and a number of variables related to consumer perception of the store and purchasing behavior, in assortments composed exclusively of private labels. By means of an experiment based on an online survey, the model's causal relationships are established using structural equations to conclude that the image of stores that only offer their own brand is mainly configured by price consciousness and the attitude toward the private label. The private label purchase intention is strongly influenced by the store image and a favorable attitude toward the brand, and loyalty strategies should be aimed at securing a clear perception of providing real value. © 2017 ESIC & AEMARK

International audience; Phosphorhydrazone dendrimers ended by PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) derivatives are used for the complexation of ruthenium. The corresponding complexes, either isolated (synthesized ex situ, i.e. preformed) or generated in situ are used as catalysts for the hydration of phenylacetylene in various conditions (ex situ or in situ, quantities, temperature, duration, co-catalyst or not, recycling). The same preformed complexes are tested for their interaction with supercoiled DNA, to afford relaxed DNA.

This work studies the symmetry between colloidal dynamics and the dynamics of the Euro--US Dollar currency exchange market (EURUSD). We consider the EURUSD price in the time range between 2001 and 2015, where we find significant qualitative symmetry between fluctuation distributions from this market and the ones belonging to colloidal particles in supercooled or arrested states. In particular, we find that models used for arrested physical systems are suitable for describing the EURUSD fluctuation distributions. Whereas the corresponding mean squared price displacement (MSPD) to the EURUSD is diffusive for all years, when focusing in selected time frames within a day, we find a two-step MSPD when the New York Stock Exchange market closes, comparable to the dynamics in supercooled systems. This is corroborated by looking at the price correlation functions and non-Gaussian parameters, and can be described by the theoretical model. We discuss the origin and implications of this analogy., 6 pages, 4 figures

L'objectif de ce livre est de dresser un bilan du travail réalisé au cours des trente dernières années dans l'étude du monde des élites de la société hispanique pendant l'Ancien Régime. La plupart des textes collectés proviennent de recherches menées en lien étroit avec la base de données Fichoz. L'ouvrage réunit donc une série de chercheurs qui, au cours des trois dernières décennies, se sont positionnés par rapport à la proposition historiographique et méthodologique promue par Jean-Pierre Dedieu, dans un premier temps depuis Bordeaux avant de passer à Lyon. C'est une proposition qui a évolué progressivement de la prosopographie relationnelle à la théorie des conventions, en passant par cette étape intermédiaire, dont l'actualité ne se dément pas, qu'est l'analyse des réseaux sociaux.

International audience; Variance in edibility among plant genotypes is expected to be a key driver of plant genetic diversity (PGD) effects on abundance of insect herbivores and resulting herbivory. Yet, herbivore foraging behavior and leaf consumption may be also context-dependent and, in particular, influenced by herbivore density, which remains unexplored. We used a combination of field and laboratory experiments with saplings from four half-sib families (henceforth, families) of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) to test how PGD and herbivore density interactively affect herbivory. Insect herbivory was assessed in a common garden experiment with plots containing all possible combinations of individuals from one to four oak families. Herbivore density was manipulated by spraying insecticide in a factorial design. Complementary feeding trials with gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) were used to further explore the mechanisms underlying observed patterns in the field. Herbivory decreased with increasing PGD under normal herbivore density, but not under reduced herbivore abundance. The most damaged oak family in the field was also the most consumed in non-choice tests and was consistently preferred over other families in choice tests. Trials showed that the presence of less edible families in the diet reduced overall consumption by gypsy moth larvae. Under field conditions, the most edible family consistently benefited most from being associated with less edible, neighboring genotypes. Our results demonstrate that small-scale PGD can provide associational resistance to insect herbivory, probably through change in herbivore foraging activity. Importantly, they also reveal that the magnitude of genetic diversity effect depends on herbivore density.

In this work we extend a well-known model from arrested physical systems, and employ it in order to efficiently depict different currency pairs of foreign exchange market price fluctuation distributions. We consider the exchange rate price in the time range between 2010 and 2016 at yearly time intervals and resolved at one minute frequency. We then fit the experimental datasets with this model, and find significant qualitative symmetry between price fluctuation distributions from the currency market, and the ones belonging to colloidal particles position in arrested states. The main contribution of this paper is a well-known physical model that does not necessarily assume the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) restrictive condition.