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Introduction: The involuntary flow of urine from the bladder is known as Urinary Incontinence (UI). Men and women of any age can experience incontinence, but it is more prevalent in older women. Several chronic illnesses and environmental variables increases incidence of UI in elderly adults. Most people in this modern era avoid seeking medical intervention early, due to financial worries as the current diagnostic and intervention methods are expensive. Aim: To use low-cost urinary diaper method for assessing the severity of UI and to study the effect of Kegel and therapeutic exercises in reducing the severity of UI in elderly women. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted in an Inshape Physiotherapy Centre in Chennai, India. The duration of the study was five months, from August 2021 to December 2021. A total of 36 women with UI aged 55-75 years were included. The severity of UI among the participants was assessed using onehour Diaper Test (DPT), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and their level of fitness was evaluated using Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Kegel exercise, pelvic floor exercises were implemented following American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) standards. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, and data collected was subjected to descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 69.43±3.4 years. As a result of the intervention, 13 out of 36 participants, who initially had severe UI showed improvement (10 participants improved to moderate UI and three participants improved to mild UI). Out of seven participants, who initially had moderate UI, three participants improved to mild UI. Eight out of the 36 participants showed no UI after intervention, indicating complete recovery. There is an association between the Body Mass Index (BMI), HAM-A and UI, the intervention results in the changes of BMI, and HAM-A thus, reducing the severity of UI. Conclusion: The present study showed that, cost-effective diagnostic and non invasive intervention methods reduced the severity of the UI. The study also recommends regular physical activities to reduce stress and anxiety levels, which in turn helps to improve UI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, traces of organochlorine pollutants and related compounds namely DDE p, p' and DDE o, p' were analysed in mother's breast milk living in rural areas of Kalaburagi district. Traces of organochlorine pollutants were found in almost 80% of the samples analysed from rural areas, indicating that residents in these areas have been exposed to the contaminants. Kalaburagi is having fertile land, a variety of seasonal crops are cultivated in the selected study area, farmers practice large amounts of pesticides to increase the crop productivity and control the pests. Exposure of humans to these hazardous chemicals occurs directly in fields as women work as agricultural labour and indirectly due to intake of contaminated food. The organochlorine pollutants are lipophilic in nature and their presence in mother's milk has been documented in different parts of the country. Breast milk samples were collected from mothers who were willing to donate the samples after signing the informed consent form. The levels of total OCPs in milk ranged from 5 to 9 ng g-1. The results are within permissible limits and harmless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was aimed to study the anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Cinnamon cassia (Lauraceae family) bark in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The preliminary phytochemical analysis (hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts), GC-MS analysis (ethanol), in vitro (aqueous, ethanol and methanol), in vivo (ethanol) and in silico anti-diabetic activity with hypolipidemic effect of C. cassia bark was analysed. The ethanolic extract of the C. cassia bark has a fine inhibitory activity than the aqueous and methanolic extract. Out of 20 different compounds identified, seven compounds were biologically active, and 9-octadecenoic acid has highly interacted with PPARα/γ in docking studies. The levels of diabetic markers, enzymes, and lipid profiles were altered in STZ-induced rats, but after the treatment of C. cassia, the levels were returned to the normal. The study may prove the ethanolic extract of C. cassia has a powerful anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]