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In this study, we present the results of a comprehensive, landscape-scale remote sensing project at Santa Elena on Parris Island, South Carolina. Substantial occupation at the site extends for over 4000 years and has resulted in a complex array of features dating to different time periods. In addition, there is a 40-year history of archaeological research at the site that includes a large-scale systematic shovel test survey, large block excavations, and scattered test units. Also, modern use of the site included significant alterations to the subsurface deposits. Our goals for this present work are threefold: (1) to explicitly present a logical approach to examine sites with long-term occupations; (2) to examine changes in land use at Santa Elena and its implications for human occupation of this persistent place; and (3) to use the remote sensing program and past archaeological research to make substantive suggestions regarding future research, conservation, and management of the site. Our research provides important insight into the distribution of cultural features at this National Historic Landmark. While the majority of archaeological research at the site has focused on the Spanish period, our work suggests a complex and vast array of archaeological features that can provide insight into over 4000 years of history in the region. At a gross level, we have identified possible Late Archaic structures, Woodland houses and features, Late Prehistoric and early Historic council houses, and a suite of features related to the Spanish occupation which builds on our previous research at the site. In addition to documenting possible cultural features at the site, our work illustrates the value of multiple remote sensing techniques used in conjunction with close-interval shovel test data.

Secondary cancers of the penis are extremely uncommon with less than 300 cases reported in the past 100 years. These cancers are most frequently a result of an aggressive or poorly managed primary prostate or bladder cancer and rarely a metastasis from a primary kidney tumor. Currently, there is no published literature which describes the spread of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) to the penis. In this report, we present a 55-year-old-man who presented with a large right-sided SRCC which metastasized to the base of his penis within 1 month of symptom onset. We also discuss the possible route of metastasis based on primary tumor size and location within the retroperitoneum.

Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are rare tumors that arise in chromaffin tissue of the adrenal gland. PCC are frequently inherited through predisposing mutations in genes such as the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. VHL is part of the VHL elongin BC protein complex that also includes CUL2/5, TCEB1, TCEB2, and RBX1; in normoxic conditions this complex targets hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) for degradation, thus preventing a hypoxic response. VHL inactivation by genetic mechanisms, such as mutation and loss of heterozygosity, inhibits HIF1A degradation, even in the presence of oxygen, and induces a pseudohypoxic response. However, the described

El mango es una de las frutas más importantes desde el punto de vista comercial debido a que gracias a sus excelentes características sensoriales se pueden obtener una serie de productos derivados, entre ellos la pulpa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la acción de la pectinasa sobre la estabilización de la pulpa de mango común. En este trabajo se obtuvo un producto homogenizado de mango común fresco, a partir del licuado de la pulpa cruda y un filtrado a través de una malla de 100 µm de tamaño de poro. Este homogenizado se caracterizó y se comparó con los valores medidos de una pulpa de fruta comercial y un néctar comercial. Posteriormente se procedió a realizarle un tratamiento enzimático con pectinasa comercial con el fin de disminuir la viscosidad del homogenizado variando la concentración de la enzima, el tiempo y la temperatura de tratamiento. Los datos fueron procesados con ayuda de la metodología de superficies de respuesta apoyados en el software statgraphics centurion XVI. La pulpa inicial tuvo una viscosidad de 2.419,4 ± 48,4 mPa*s y la pulpa y el néctar comerciales de 477,6 y 54,0 mPa*s respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que para que el homogenizado tenga la viscosidad de una pulpa comercial es necesario realizar un tratamiento enzimático a 35ºC por 90 minutos y con una concentración de pectinasa de 0,1% y para obtener un homogenizado con viscosidad similar a la de un néctar se necesita un tratamiento a 30ºC por 85,5 minutos y con una concentración de pectinasa de 0,1%.

Los alimentos funcionales son aquellos alimentos que poseen algún Componente Fisiológicamente Activo (CFA) cuya finalidad es la de proporcionar un beneficio para lasalud superior al que aportan los nutrientes tradicionales que contenga. En este trabajo se desarrollaron y se caracterizaron fisicoquímica, microbiológica y sensorialmente tres formulaciones de una pulpa a base de mango que incluían CFA como oligofructosa, Vitamina C y Calcio, a su vez se compararon frente a una pulpa control que no tenía CFA. El Calcio y la vitamina C se introdujeron a la matriz del jugo en un 20% del valor diaria de referencia (VDR). Las formulaciones variaron en la relación Calcio-Olifofructosa que fueron 1:1, 2:1 y 3:1, en presentaciones de 250 g. El Calcio, introducido como fumarato de Calcio, fue el componente que menos se solubilizó encontrándose en una concentración promedio de 178 mg/L en las tres formulaciones, la vitamina C y la oligofructosa permanecieron constantes durante toda la evaluación. El comportamiento cinético y el análisis sensorial indicaron que había un cambio de color de la pulpa, La mejor formulación fue la elaborada con una relación 1:1 Calcio oligofructosa ya que los jueces determinaron que el aroma y color fueron semejantes y el sabor y la textura mejores con respecto a la pulpa control.

Los alimentos funcionales son aquellos alimentos que poseen algún Componente Fisiológicamente Activo (CFA) cuya finalidad es la de proporcionar un beneficio para lasalud superior al que aportan los nutrientes tradicionales que contenga. En este trabajo se desarrollaron y se caracterizaron fisicoquímica, microbiológica y sensorialmente tres formulaciones de una pulpa a base de mango que incluían CFA como oligofructosa, Vitamina C y Calcio, a su vez se compararon frente a una pulpa control que no tenía CFA. El Calcio y la vitamina C se introdujeron a la matriz del jugo en un 20% del valor diaria de referencia (VDR). Las formulaciones variaron en la relación Calcio-Olifofructosa que fueron 1:1, 2:1 y 3:1, en presentaciones de 250 g. El Calcio, introducido como fumarato de Calcio, fue el componente que menos se solubilizó encontrándose en una concentración promedio de 178 mg/L en las tres formulaciones, la vitamina C y la oligofructosa permanecieron constantes durante toda la evaluación. El comportamiento cinético y el análisis sensorial indicaron que había un cambio de color de la pulpa, La mejor formulación fue la elaborada con una relación 1:1 Calcio oligofructosa ya que los jueces determinaron que el aroma y color fueron semejantes y el sabor y la textura mejores con respecto a la pulpa control.

Arsenic is a potent human carcinogen. Around one hundred million people worldwide have potentially been exposed to this metalloid at concentrations considered unsafe. Exposure occurs generally through drinking water from natural geological sources, making it difficult to control this contamination. Arsenic biotransformation is suspected to have a role in arsenic-related health effects ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies associated with chronic exposure. It has been demonstrated that arsenic exhibits preference for induction of squamous cell carcinomas in the human, especially skin and lung cancer. Interestingly, keratins emerge as a relevant factor in this arsenic-related squamous cell-type preference. Additionally, both genomic and epigenomic alterations have been associated with arsenic-driven neoplastic process. Some of these aberrations, as well as changes in other factors such as keratins, could explain the association between arsenic and squamous cell carcinomas in humans.

Arsenic is a metalloid, that is, considered to be a human carcinogen. Millions of individuals worldwide are chronically exposed through drinking water, with consequences ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies, such as skin and lung cancer. Despite well-known arsenic-related health effects, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood; however, the arsenic biotransformation process, which includes methylation changes, is thought to play a key role. This paper explores the relationship of arsenic exposure with cancer development and summarizes current knowledge of the potential mechanisms that may contribute to the neoplastic processes observed in arsenic exposed human populations.

ADP-ribosyl cyclases are remarkable enzymes capable of catalyzing multiple reactions including the synthesis of the novel and potent intracellular calcium mobilizing messengers, cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP. Not all ADP-ribosyl cyclases however have been characterized at the molecular level. Moreover, those that have are located predominately at the outer cell surface and thus away from their cytosolic substrates.Here we report the molecular cloning of a novel expanded family of ADP-ribosyl cyclases from the sea urchin, an extensively used model organism for the study of inositol trisphosphate-independent calcium mobilization. We provide evidence that one of the isoforms (SpARC1) is a soluble protein that is targeted exclusively to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen when heterologously expressed. Catalytic activity of the recombinant protein was readily demonstrable in crude cell homogenates, even under conditions where luminal continuity was maintained.Our data reveal a new intracellular location for ADP-ribosyl cyclases and suggest that production of calcium mobilizing messengers may be compartmentalized.