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Objective To evaluate the value of mean reticulated hemoglobin content (Mchr) in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and assessing its severity. Methods This study included 302 patients with IDA from January 2021 to December 2021, recruited from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (North), Xinhua Hospital, and Ruijin Hospital. The cohort comprised 118 patients with mild anemia, 159 with moderate anemia, and 25 with severe anemia. In addition, 365 non-IDA patients (encompassing those with thalassemia, megaloblastic anemia, pure red cell aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and aplastic anemia) and 138 healthy controls were included. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants for analysis of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), Mchr, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron (Fe), transferrin saturation (TS), ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Mchr levels were compared between the IDA and non-IDA patient groups and between different degrees of IDA severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of Mchr in IDA. Results Compared with the non-IDA group, the IDA cohort exhibited significantly reduced levels of Mchr, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, Fe, TS, and ferritin, while TIBC was markedly elevated, with all differences being statistically significant (P65.8 μmol/L) were 90.76% and 94.70% respectively, and the AUC was 0.9839(95%CI: 0.9772-0.9905). Conclusions Mchr can serve as a potential clinical marker for screening IDA and its severity. Its combination with iron metabolism indicators adds diagnostic value for IDA, providing a strong basis for whether further invasive diagnosis is needed.

This study aimed to elucidate the influence of various culture medium components, including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, suspension agents, and temperature, on the mycelial growth characteristics of Phallus dongsun. Employing single-factor experiments and response surface methodology within glass Petri dishes, the research identified that carrot powder, soybean powder, and ZnSO4 notably enhanced the proliferation of aerial mycelium, significantly augmenting the growth rate of P. dongsun mycelium. The resultant mycelium was observed to be dense, robust, and fluffy in texture. In particular, ZnSO4 markedly accelerated the mycelium growth rate. Furthermore, xanthan gum was found to effectively modulate the medium’s viscosity, ensuring a stable suspension and facilitating nutrient equilibrium. The optimal cultivation temperature was determined to be 25°C, with mycelial growth ceasing below 5°C and mycelium perishing at temperatures exceeding 35°C. The optimal medium composition was established as follows: wheat starch 5 g/l, carrot powder 5 g/l, soybean powder 7.50 g/l, glucose 10 g/l, ZnSO4 0.71 g/l, NH4Cl 0.68 g/l, xanthan gum 0.5 g/l, and agar 20 g/l. Under these optimized conditions, the mycelium of P. dongsun exhibited a rapid growth rate (1.04 ± 0.14 mm/day), characterized by a thick, dense, and well-developed structure. This investigation provides a theoretical foundation for the conservation, strain selection, and breeding of P. dongsun.

Objective To detect the pathological changes in obese mice liver and explore the effects of obesity on hepatic metabolism. Methods Obese mouse model was successfully constructed by consecutive 24 weeks of high fat diet (HFD), while control group was fed with a standard chow diet (CD). After 24 weeks, mice liver was dissected, and the pathological characteristics of liver were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Sirius red staining. The metabolome of liver was detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) after extraction by 80% methanol. Principal component analysis (PCA), differential metabolite analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to find the metabolic changes in the liver of obese mice. Results After 24 weeks of high fat diet, the body weight and liver weight of HFD group mice were much higher than that of CD group mice. Besides, HFD group mice liver showed severe steatosis and slight fibrosis. There were also significant differences in liver metabolites between HFD and CD groups, and the metabolic changes were mainly enriched in pathways of phenylalanine metabolism, citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), sphingolipid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusions The obese mouse model was successfully constructed, and the pathological characteristics of obese mice liver were elucidated. At the same time,the main metabolic pathway changes of obese mice liver were further revealed by metabonomics analysis.

Piezoelectric acceleration sensors are used for monitoring the vibration state of high-temperature components of some important technical equipment, such as aero engines and heavy gas turbines. These sensors require a high Curie temperature piezoelectric ceramic as a sensitive element, and "lead-free"electronic components are an urgent requirement for environmental protection. Gd/Mn co-doped high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics((0.67BiFeO3-0.33Ba1-xGdxTiO3)+0.5%(mass fraction)MnO2, x=0-0.02, BF-BT) were prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction process. The effects of doping concentration x of Gd3+ on the phase composition, microstructure, piezoelectric property, dielectric relaxation behavior and AC impedance characteristic of BF-BTceramics were investigated. The results show that all samples have pure perovskite structure with coexistence of tripartite phase (R) and tetragonal phase (T), and the T phase content increases with the increasing Gd3+ doping concentration. Moderate amount(x < 0.02)of Gd3+ dopant diffusing into the perovskite lattice would also promote the grain growth of BF-BT ceramics. Gd3+ doped samples exhibit enhanced relaxation phase transition behavior. The phase transition temperature (Tm) decreases with the increase of x, while the dielectric relaxation degree (ΔTrelax) increases with the increase of x. The R-CPE equivalent circuit model has been utilized to match the complex impedance spectra(Cole-Cole diagrams) of the BF-BTceramics, indicating that the AC impedance of samples at high temperature is mainly contributed by the grain boundary. The activation energy of dielectric relaxation increases with the increasing Gd3+ doping concentration, demonstrating the substitution of Gd3+ for Ba2+ can reduce the donor doping effect.In general, when x=0.01, the sample exhibits the optimized electrical properties, including TC=425 ℃, d33=126 pC/N, kp=25.9%, and tanδ=0.059. The Gd3+ doped BF-BTceramics are expected to be used as a promising high-temperature piezoelectric material.

There are multiple levels of processing relevant to reading that vary in their visual, sublexical, and lexical orthographic processing demands. Segregating distinct cortical sources for each of these levels has been challenging in EEG studies of early readers. To address this challenge, we applied recent advances in analyzing high-density EEG using Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) via data-driven Reliable Components Analysis (RCA) in a group of early readers spanning from kindergarten to second grade. Three controlled stimulus contrasts--familiar words versus unfamiliar pseudofonts, familiar words versus pseudowords, and pseudowords versus nonwords--were used to isolate coarse print tuning, lexical processing, and sublexical orthography-related processing, respectively. First, three overlapping yet distinct neural sources--left vOT, dorsal parietal, and primary visual cortex were revealed underlying coarse print tuning. Second, we segregated distinct cortical sources for the other two levels of processing: lexical fine tuning over occipito-temporal/parietal regions; sublexical orthographic fine tuning over left occipital regions. Finally, exploratory group analyses based on children's reading fluency suggested that coarse print tuning emerges early even in children with limited reading knowledge, while sublexical and higher-level lexical processing emerge only in children with sufficient reading knowledge.

Numeral classifiers are a noun categorization device found in many East and Southeast Asian languages. Their syntactic status is debated: some theories treat them as forming a constituent with the noun, others with the numeral. Typological data on how classifiers, numerals, and nouns are ordered largely support the classifier-with-numeral hypothesis: orders in which the noun intervenes between the numeral and the classifier are unattested. However, typological evidence is problematic in this case, because the distribution of classifiers is highly geographically constrained, and ordering tendencies may reflect language contact. In this study, we look for evidence of the syntactic status of classifiers using artificial language learning experiments. We test whether learners’ preference among patterns are predicted by one of these two accounts. Results suggest that, if anything, learners in fact prefer orders that group classifiers with the numeral.