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Aims and Objectives: To obtain an in‐depth understanding of the specific needs of patients for rehabilitation services delivered via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Background: Due to increased demand for arthroplasty, the provision of face‐to‐face rehabilitation services for patients is becoming challenging. New approaches using digital technologies are being developed, such as mobile applications to deliver rehabilitation services. However, the perspectives of patients on the delivery of these services via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty have not been explored extensively. Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Twenty patients who had been discharged from the hospital after a total hip or knee arthroplasty were interviewed via telephone about their needs regarding the future use of mobile applications to conduct arthroplasty rehabilitation. Interview records were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis. Reporting of the findings complies with the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies. Results: Four categories emerged from the data collected from the participants: (1) assisting rehabilitation self‐management, (2) facilitating peer support, (3) facilitating contact with healthcare professionals and (4) supporting emotional well‐being. Conclusions: The study provided an in‐depth understanding of the specific needs of patients for rehabilitation services delivered via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty. The findings of the study could be used in the development or revision of mobile application rehabilitation programmes to better support the rehabilitation of patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such programmes, especially including the self‐efficacy of patients as an outcome measure. Relevance to clinical practice: From the perspective of patients who have undergone arthroplasty, a mobile application rehabilitation programme should encourage patients in rehabilitation self‐management, assist them to contact healthcare professionals and other patients and support their postoperative emotional well‐being. The study findings will assist nurses with the preparation and delivery of telerehabilitation programmes after arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Heat‐induced composite gels were prepared with 20 g kg−1 myofibrillar protein (MP) sol, 20 g kg−1 modified starch and 100 g kg−1 lipid pre‐emulsified by MP in 0.6 mol L−1 NaCl, at pH 6.2. The effects of esterified potato starch (EPS) and emulsified lipid (lard or peanut oil) on the rheology, texture properties and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of MP gel were evaluated. RESULTS: The addition of starch and lipid significantly improved the gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of the MP gel. Analysis of the relaxation time compared with the WHC tests showed that the variation range of the transverse T22 relaxation time of a gel was positively proportional to changes in WHC of the composite gel, and the lower the T22 relaxation time, the better the WHC of composite gel. Moreover, MP gel with starch and emulsified lard added at the same time has the lowest T2 relaxation time, and also the best WHC of the gel. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that emulsified oil droplets embedded the gaps in the protein network, and the gelatinized starch contributed to restrict the oil droplet size, resulting in thicker MP gel. CONCLUSION: Emulsified lipid and modified starch have an important influence on the rheology and microstructure of MP gels, indicating the subtle interaction between starch, lipid and protein. The results suggest the potential feasibility of modified starch and vegetable oil to improve the textural properties in comminuted meat products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the adaptive output consensus problem of high-order nonlinear heterogeneous agents is addressed using only delayed, sampled neighbor output measurements. A class of auxiliary variables is introduced which are $n$ -times differentiable functions and include the agent’s output along with delayed, sampled output neighbor measurements. It is proven that if these variables are bounded and regulated to zero then asymptotic consensus among all agent outputs is ensured. In view of this property, an adaptive distributed backstepping design procedure is presented that guarantees boundedness and regulation of the proposed variables. This design procedure ensures not only the desired asymptotic output consensus but also the uniform boundedness of all closed-loop variables. The main feature of our approach is that, in the proposed control law for each agent, the entire state vector of the neighbors is not needed and only delayed sampled measurements of the neighbors’ outputs are utilized. The simulation results are also presented that verify our theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral infections are caused by the adhesion of viruses to host cell receptors, including sialylated glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and human blood group antigens (HBGAs). Atomic-level structural information on the interactions between viral particles or proteins with glycans can be determined to provide precise targets for designing antiviral drugs. Milk glycans, existing as free oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates, have attracted increasing attention; milk glycans protect infants against infectious diseases, particularly poorly manageable viral infections. Furthermore, several glycans containing structurally distinct sialic acid/fucose/sulfate modifications in human milk acting as a "receptor decoy" and serving as the natural antiviral library, could interrupt virus-receptor interaction in the first line of defense for viral infection. This review highlights the basis of virus-glycan interactions, presents specific glycan receptor binding by gastroenterovirus viruses, including norovirus, enteroviruses, and the breakthroughs in the studies on the antiviral properties of human milk glycans, and also elucidates the role of glycans in respiratory viruses infection. In addition, recent advances in methods for performing virus/viral protein-glycan interactions were reported. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of the studies on the clinical application of human milk glycan for viral interventions. This scope focuses on the role of cell surface sugars in viral infection and underlines virus-glycan interactions using representative structures of viral particles or viral proteins in complex with glycans. Glycans from human milk block viral adhesion to the cell surface, reducing the risk of viral infections in babies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-component signal system (TCS) is the predominant bacterial sense-and-response machinery. RpfC/RpfG TCS involved in quorum sensing molecule Diffuse Signal Factor (DSF) signal perception and transduction was well studied in many bacteria. However, whether other environmental factors participating in the signal perception and transduction of RpfC/RpfG was still unclear. Here, we showed that RpfC/RpfG could integrate temperature and DSF signal partially controlling the production of the temperature-dependent protease (SmtP) in S. maltophilia FF11, a strain isolated from frozen Antarctic krill, exhibited spoilage potential due to secret more protease at low temperatures involving in protein degradation. qRT-PCR analysis revealed rpf system mediating approximately 60% transcription activity of Clp, a critical transcription factor linking with LotS/LotR, consisting a signal network controlling completely the SmtP production in previous study. Protease production was partially reduced in rpfF (coding DSF synthetase) mutant strains at 15 °C or 25 °C, not be increased through addition DSF or overexpression RpfF in WT at 37 °C, indicating that DSF was effective for protease production only at low temperatures in S. maltophilia. Additionally, biochemical analysis revealed the enzymatic activity of RpfG from strain FF11 cultured at 37 °C or DSF-deficient strains grown at 25 °C was significantly reduced compared to that of RpfG from strain FF11 cultured at 25 °C. These findings outline an interplay mechanism that allows S. maltophilia to integrate quorum sensing and temperature cues controlling protease production, and imply a potential relationship between two distinct systems of RpfC/RpfG and LotS/LotR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]