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Enclaves in intermediate-acid plutons from Tongling can be divided into three types: xenoliths, relics and magmatogenic enclaves. The magmatogenic enclaves consist of cumulates, micrograined dioritite mixtite and dioritic chilled border enclaves. Petrologically, relics with eyed and meta-poikilitic texture are characterized by high content of biotite (>80%) and low content of cordierite and grossular. The cumulates with accumulate texture consist of a great amount of pyroxene, hornblende and minor spinel and phlogopite. The micrograined dioritic mixtite is composed of more hornblendes and feldspar and less needle apatites and an ellipsoid basic core included in plagioclase. The chilled border enclaves have the same mineral association, but more dark minerals than the host rocks consisting of plagioclase, quartz, alkaline feldspar, hornblende and biotite. Geochemically, the relics exhibit high REE content (455.8×10−6) and high ratio of LREE/HREE, more obvious Eu negative anomaly and are rich in Cr and Ni, poor in Ba, Nb and Sr. All kinds of magmatogenic enclaves have the same REE pattern without Eu anomaly, and the total REE is 74.9×10−6 for spinel pyroxene cumulate, 179.7×10−6 for hornblende cumulate, 226.9 × 10−6 for hornblende cumulate crystal, 289.9×10−6 for micrograined dioritic mixtite and 131.2×10−6 for chilled border enclaves. Calculation with the thermometer and barometer for minerals shows that the temperature and pressure of formation are 1126 °C and 8.44 kbar (7.15–9.04 kbar) for the spinel pyroxene cumulate, 1065 °C-1029 °C and 8.23 kbar (7.13–9.50 kbar) for the hornblende pyroxene cumulate, 959 °C and 3.40 kbar (2.86–4.09 kbar) for the micrograined dioritic mixtite enclaves, and 951 °C and 0.59 kbar for the dioritic chilled border enclaves, respectively. Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn. Relic enclaves were derived from the crustal partial melting and all cumulate enclaves originated from deep magma chambers near the Moho in the lower crust, which are cumulate fragments formed by fractional crystallization of basic magma; mixtite came from shallow magma chambers in the middle-upper crust, formed by the mixture of mantle-derived magma and acid magma derived from the crustal partial melting; and the chilled border enclaves came from the border fragments of early intrusive bodies.

The composition and carbon isotope composition of about 150 natural gas samples reveal that natural gases of deep strata in Songliao Basin are derived from multiple sources and the coal-type gases are widely distributed in the basin. Several gas fields show features of coal-type gases or contain coal-type gases, with δ13C2 being larger than −28 ‰ and δ13CMCC6 being larger than −22‰, such as Shengping gas field in the north of the basin, Xiaohelong and Xiaochengzi gas fields in the south. Organic matter of source rocks in the deep strata is dominantly Type III, with a small portion of Type II. The average TOC of source rocks in the Shahezi (K1sh) Formation is 1.99%. Sedimentary facies studies of single wells, which penetrated coals of the Shahezi Formation, indicate that these coals are developed in peat swamps of deltaic plain, depressions between fan deltas, coastal shallow lakes, flooding plain etc, and structures are mainly distributed in the boundary of fault depressions, especially in their slope, some in the center of lakes. Key words: Songliao Basin, deep strata, coal-type gas, gas source rock, geochemical features, sedimentary environment

We exploit the recoil loop measurements to study the asymmetric magnetization reversal in an exchange-biased La0.37Sr0.33MnO3/La0.33Ca0.67MnO3 bilayer film. It is found that the recoil curve encloses a marked area only in the second quadrant of the hysteresis loop, and the recoil susceptibility in the descending branch of the major loop is evidently higher than that in the ascending branch. The study indicates that the exchange anisotropy of a unidirectional nature and an orientation deviated from the easy axis of the ferromagnetic layer plays a crucial role in creating the reversal asymmetry.

Inflammasome pattern recognition receptors, which belong to the family of multi-meric proteins, play an important role in innate immunity, including NLRPs, NLRC, and NAIP. Among these receptors, NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome may activate the inflammation and participate in atherosclerosis, pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, resultin ischemia/reperfusion injury and stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Effective regulation of NLRP3 may help prevent or even treat stroke. In recent years, the role of inflammation in stroke has attracted much attention, and the in-depth study of its mechanism of action is gradually clear. This mini-review focuses on the association of regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome with the development of stroke, which may supply some clues for future therapies and novel drug targets for stroke.

The western Kunlun orogenic belt in western China evolved through the development of a large subduction–accretionary complex, including flysch sediments and granitic plutons, and by collision of three terranes, namely the North and South Kunlun and Karakorum–Qiangtang blocks from the early Paleozoic to the early Mesozoic. North-dipping subduction of the Paleo–Tethys ocean beneath the Kunlun terranes, which may have commenced in the Cambrian, produced an early Paleozoic Andean-type magmatic arc on the South Kunlun, and a marginal back arc basin, represented by the early Paleozoic Oytag–Kudi ophiolite belt, between the North and South Kunlun. A northward subduction zone consumed the basin and the young, hot upper plate lithosphere was obducted southward onto the South Kunlun following closure of the basin. This resulted in collision of the North and South Kunlun in the early Devonian. Continuous northward subduction of Paleo–Tethys resulted in the development of a Carboniferous–Triassic magmatic arc, and a back arc rifting sequence composed of the Carboniferous to Permian carbonates and clastic sediments on the North and South Kunlun terranes. The Paleo–Tethys ocean finally closed in the late Triassic–early Jurassic, when the Kunlun and Karakorum–Qiangtang blocks were accreted, with the Kara–Kunlun accretionary prism marking their suture zone.

We have found phase separation in La0.45Sr0.55MnO3-δ (LSMO) by means of electron spin resonance, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetic measurements. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases can coexist at low temperatures and ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases coexist when the temperature lies between the Neel and Curie temperatures. The size and shape of the ferromagnetic phases (the minority phases) was first observed directly from MFM images. It is suggested that the phase separation in LSMO is not the charge segregation type, but an electroneutral type due perhaps to the nonuniform distribution of oxygen vacancies.

Magnetic and transport properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 have been investigated by measuring the magnetization and resistance in zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and held-cooled (FG) modes. Conspicuously irreversible behaviors of magnetization/resistance in the two different modes were observed below the charge ordering transition temperature (T-CO) The ZFG and FC magnetizations at 5K, as functions of the magnetic field, coincide for mu(0)H less than or equal to 1T Afterwards, the ZFC magnetization tends to an approximate constant, but the FC one increases linearly with increasing field. There exists an excellent correspondence between magnetization and resistance below T-CO All the results suggest that the ferromagnetic clusters embed in the charge-ordered matrix. The phenomenon of ferromagnetic clusters growing up easily in the FC procedure has been interpreted according to the model of thermally activated two-level system.

A new tabletop confocal micro x-ray fluorescence setup with an MCBM 50-0.6B x-ray tube is assembled. The confocal micro x-ray fluorescence setup includes two lenses, a polycapillary full lens in the excitation channel and a polycapillary half lens in the detection channel. A Ni-Cr wire in diameter 25 μm is used to investigate the FWHM of three-dimensional confocal volume. A basso-relievo capital letter of a 1-jiao RMB coin of 2005 version is studied with this confocal micro x-ray fluorescence setup.