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In the present-day steel processing, interfacial phenomena between molten steel and oxides, which are called slag or mold flux, play important roles in materials design. Therefore, interfacial tension must be known for process controlling. From this requirement, we proposed the interfacial tension measurement technique between molten steel and oxides using the modified oscillating drop method with levitation techniques. The interfacial tension data using traditional technique based on the sessile drop method have been obtained only at melting temperature of iron due to dissolution of containers and the substrate into molten steel and oxides in higher temperature regions. The technique of our proposal to technique to obtain temperature dependence of interfacial tension between molten iron and oxides uses a core-shell form droplet including interface between two liquids using the electrostatic levitation, which can achieve the containerless conditions. The measurements are performed in International Space Station using the electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) in KIBO., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: DS1640100000

The temperature dependence of the density and the structure of undercooled molten silicon was observed using electromagnetic levitation technique with synchrotron radiation. The radial distribution functions were analyzed by coupling with the temperature dependence of density based on this experimental result. From these results the structural change of molten silicon in undercooled regions was discussed., 資料番号: AA0045438060

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAB receptor subunits are expressed within the acrosome of spermatids during spermiogenesis. Furthermore, our previous study with the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 67-GFP knock-in mouse demonstrated that GFP–positive cells were localized to the epithelium of the caput of epididymis. In the present study, we detected GABAA subunits, including α1, α5, ß1-3 and γ3, and both isoforms of GAD, GAD65 and GAD67, in mouse spermatogenic cells using RT-PCR. The expression of these proteins was subsequently confirmed by western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry also revealed that GABA, GAD65, and α5, ß1 and γ3 subunits of the GABAA receptor were localized in the membrane of spermatogenic cells, including spermatocytes and spermatids. The whole-cell patchclamp analysis demonstrated that GABA application induced an inward chloride current in some of the large and round spermatogenic cells. Our findings show that spermatogenic cells have a GABA producing system by themselves, and that GABA may function via the ionotropic GABAA receptor. This data suggests that the GABAergic system may play important roles in the male reproductive system.

第26回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2010年1月25日-26日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-sixth Space Utilization Symposium (January 25-26, 2010: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), This working group has been established to get fruitful results using an electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) in the International Space Station. The targets of our group are: (1) expand research area which utilizes ESL, (2) improve techniques of levitation and diagnostics, and (3) identify the necessity of microgravity. Activities of this fiscal year are briefly described in this report., 形態: カラー図版あり, 共催: 日本学術会議, 著者人数: 15人, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, joint hosting: The Science Council of Japan, 資料番号: AA0064730037

第26回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2010年1月25日-26日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-sixth Space Utilization Symposium (January 25-26, 2010: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), Diffusion Phenomena Research Working Group (DPR-WG) was established for the development of strategic plan toward the implementation of microgravity diffusion experiments. We report the current activity of our working group in this year., 共催: 日本学術会議, joint hosting: The Science Council of Japan, 資料番号: AA0064730035

第26回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2010年1月25日-26日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-sixth Space Utilization Symposium (January 25-26, 2010: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), Microgravity conditions have advantages of measurement of surface tension and viscosity of metallic liquids by the oscillating drop method with an electromagnetic levitation (EML) device. Recently, it has been identified that dependence of surface tension on oxygen partial pressure (Psub o2) must be considered for industrial application of surface tension values. Effect of Po2 on surface tension would apparently change viscosity. Therefore, surface tension and viscosity must be measured simultaneously in the same atmospheric conditions. Moreover, effect of the electromagnetic force (EMF) on the surface oscillations must be clarified to obtain the ideal surface oscillation because the EMF works as the external damping force to the oscillating liquid droplets, so extensive EMF makes apparently the viscosity values large. In our working group (WG), using the parabolic flight levitation experimental facilities (PFLEX) the effects of Po2 and external EMF on surface oscillation of levitated liquid droplets are systematically investigated for the precise measurements of surface tension and viscosity of high temperature liquids. In this year we performed the observation of surface oscillations of levitated liquid Si-Cu alloys using PFLEX on board flight experiments by G-II operated by DAS. These observations were performed under the controlled Po2 conditions. In these experiments, we obtained the density, the viscosity and the surface tension values. From these measurements, we discussed surface segregation in systems forming intermetallic compounds. We found the effect of clusters in both density and surface tension experimental data. The composition dependence of surface tension was expressed by a modified ideal solution model. On the basis of activity of our working group and European WG, we proposed the research of thermophysical properties measurement of high-temperature liquids under microgravity conditions to ESA/JAXA-AO as ISS utilization program., 形態: カラー図版あり, 共催: 日本学術会議, 著者人数: 18人, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, joint hosting: The Science Council of Japan, 資料番号: AA0064730036

GABAA receptors are pentamers in structure and are mainly composed of α, ß and γ subunits. These receptors are known to function as chloride channels. We observed α5, ß1 and γ3 subunit immunoreactivity in the mouse testes, specifically in the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus in the spermatocytes and spermatids. In the current study, α1 subunit immunoreactivity was located in the nucleus of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the α1 subunit was localized within the nucleus of pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes in the area of condensed chromatin rather than extended chromatin. Protein sequence analysis revealed that the α1 subunit included DM DNA binding domains that were related to transcription factors involved in testicular differentiation in adult mice. These findings suggest that the α1 subunit may undertake a gene transcription function during the maturation of germ cells. α1 immunoreactivity was also detected within the mitochondria of spermatocytes and in the acrosome of round and elongated spermatids. Although the precise physiological role of the GABAA receptor α1 subunit in mitochondria remains unknown, we hypothesize that its function in the acrosome may be related to the acrosome reaction during fertilization or during spermatogenesis.

Silicon single crystals are usually grown from melt in a rotating crucible by the Czochralski method. The purpose of the present paper is to make the velocity profile in the azimuthal direction clear. The flow velocity profile has been obtained from numerical simulation and flow visualization by X-ray radiography. Numerical simulation and experimental flow visualization have made it clear that the flow in the azimuthal direction is modulated by the Coriolis force because the radial flow velocity is relatively high. The azimuthal flow velocity near a crucible wall has a smaller (or negative) value compared with the angular velocity of the crucible, while the flow with a larger azimuthal velocity exists in the center of the crucible.

第25回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2009年1月14日-15日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-fifth Space Utilization Symposium (January 14-15, 2009: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), We developing a ceramic deposition (coating) technology using room temperature impact consolidation (RTIC) mechanism, that is named aerosol deposition (AD) method. This method use a ceramics powders for raw materials, and they are carried by process gas, i.e. helium, argon, nitrogen and others. The powders are accelerated and impact to a target substrate, and powders are consolidate upon the substrate. This method expected to large area of industrial use, because it use only a kinetic energy of accelerated powder, and no-use the thermal effect. Therefore, it is able to apply a metal, glass, and polymer target, which are week for thermal or has large difference of thermal expansion rate. However the gravity causes problems for aerosol powders. The gravity fall down the powders and powder cohere with each together. We expected the micro gravity to improve the AD method by disperse of raw powders, and also expected to deposit a rare materials. The results of parabolic flight tests are reported here., 形態: カラー図版あり, 資料番号: AA0064297090

第25回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2009年1月14日-15日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-fifth Space Utilization Symposium (January 14-15, 2009: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), The electromagnetic levitator for microgravity condition called PFLEX (Parabolic Flight Levitation Experiment Facility) was improved for precision measurement of surface tension of high temperature melt. We succeeded in the electromagnetic levitation of molten copper during the parabolic flight regardless of the gravitational change from 1.5 G to micro G. Several peaks were observed in the frequency spectrum for the surface oscillation of the molten copper, the spectrum becomes simple under micro G due to the release of the external force from gravitational acceleration and electromagnetic force., 資料番号: AA0064297085

第25回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2009年1月14日-15日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-fifth Space Utilization Symposium (January 14-15, 2009: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), This working group has been established to get fruitful results using an electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) in the International Space Station. The targets of our group are: (1) expand research area which utilizes ESL, (2) improve techniques of levitation and diagnostics, and (3) identify the necessity of microgravity. Activities of this fiscal year are briefly described in this report., 著者人数: 13人, 資料番号: AA0064297084

第25回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2009年1月14日-15日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部相模原キャンパス), The Twenty-fifth Space Utilization Symposium (January 14-15, 2009: ISAS/JAXA Sagamihara, Japan), Diffusion Phenomena Research Working Group (DPR-WG) was established for the development of strategic plan toward the implementation of microgravity diffusion experiments. We report the current activity of our working group in this year., 資料番号: AA0064297088

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), Diffusion Phenomena Research Working Group (DPR-WG) was established for the development of strategic plan toward the implementation of microgravity diffusion experiments. We report the current activity of our working group in this year., 共催: 日本学術会議, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113043

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), In order to get fruitful results in an electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) in the International Space Station, this working group has been established. The aims of the working group are: (1) expand research area which utilizes ESL, (2) improve techniques of levitation and diagnostics, and (3) identify the necessity of microgravity. Activities of this fiscal year are briefly described in this report., 形態: カラー図版あり, 共催: 日本学術会議, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113041

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), Electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique is useful method for measurement of thermophysical properties of liquid state of metals and semiconductors at high temperature. The EML technique has big advantages for easily keeping large undercooled due to containerless situations. When we measure using this technique the density of liquid metals or molten semiconductors, the volume of levitated droplet-samples must be precisely observed from their shapes. In conventional methods, volume of the droplets obtained by averaging of few hundred images taken by high-speed camera, but large error values appear in temperature dependence data due to the asymmetry of surface oscillation of electromagnetically levitated liquid droplets. In this study, we propose new method to obtain accurate density of high temperature liquid by using the analytical technique of surface oscillations. We confirmed that this technique is useful for precise measurement of high temperature melt density combined with the static magnetic field experiments., 形態: カラー図版あり, 共催: 日本学術会議, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113048

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), High-energy (E = 113 keV) synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments were performed for metallic glass-forming Zr-Cu alloys in the liquid state at high temperature. Accurate structure information of highly reactive melts has been obtained by applying conical nozzle levitation technique as a containerless method. The total structure factor extracted for the liquid Zr50Cu50 alloy above its melting temperature shows a particular shoulder at the high-Q side on the second peak as well as the liquid Zr70Cu30 alloy. This feature of structure factor is similar to those of structure factors observed in deeply undercooled metallic liquids or metallic glasses, in which local icosahedral short range ordering was found to exist. With the use of reverse Monte Carlo simulation analysis, it was demonstrated that short-range ordered clusters exist even in the equilibrium liquid state of Zr70Cu30 alloy., 共催: 日本学術会議, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113047

第22回宇宙利用シンポジウム(2006年1月17日-19日, 日本学術会議6階会議室 六本木、東京), The Twenty-second Space Utilization Symposium (January 17-19, 2006: Science Council of Japan, Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan), BaGe alloys with two compositions around their eutectic point form open framework structures called clathrate structure. However, the formation mechanism of clathrate structure has not yet been clarified due to lack of study and understanding of their liquid state structure and properties. Therefore, in order to clarify the formation mechanism of the clathrate structure, thermophysical properties (density, surface tension, and viscosity) of BaGe alloys melts around their eutectic compositions were measured by using the electrostatic levitation (ESL) technique and also the structure of them was observed by using the high-energy X-ray diffraction method combined with the ESL. We found that from experimental results, the short range order based on the clathrate structure would exist even in the liquid state at the clathrate forming compositions., 共催: 日本学術会議, Meeting sponsors: The Science Council of Japan, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS)(JAXA), 資料番号: AA0064113046

We report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma in a diverticulum of the bladder. A 65-year-old Japanese woman visited our hospital with the chief complaint of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary broad-based tumor in a diverticulum of the posterior wall. She underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and subsequently total cystectomy with ileal conduit on the diagnosis of an invasive urothelial carcinoma. There was no residual tumor in the surgical specimen. Immunohistochemistry of TUR specimens showed positive synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD56 and high ratio of positive Ki-67. Finally, it was diagnosed as a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of the neuroendocrine tumor or small cell carcinoma in a diverticulum of the urinary bladder in the Japanese literature.

第28回宇宙利用シンポジウム (2012年1月23-24日. 日本学術会議), 港区, 東京都, Space Utilization Research (January 23-24, 2012. Science Council of Japan), Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan, 著者人数: 16名, 資料番号: SA6000032029, レポート番号: M29

第28回宇宙利用シンポジウム (2012年1月23-24日. 日本学術会議), 港区, 東京都, Space Utilization Research (January 23-24, 2012. Science Council of Japan), Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan, 資料番号: SA6000032030, レポート番号: M30

In order to measure the surface tension and viscosity of high temperature melts with high viscosity, a method using sample rotation is developed. An electrostatically levitated melt was spun with a rotating magnetic field, and the shape evolution of the sample was observed. Especially, the bifurcation behavior was closely monitored by a high speed camera. The experiments confirmed that the rotation frequency at the bifurcation could be precisely measured by monitoring the fluctuation of the power of the He-Ne laser reflected at the sample surface, and thus, the surface tension could be calculated based on the theory. As for the viscosity measurements, preliminary experiments showed that the speed of the shape evolution after the bifurcation was related to the viscosity of the sample., 形態: 図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains illustrations, 資料番号: DS1540193000

第27回宇宙利用シンポジウム (2011年1月24日-25日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, The Twenty-seventh Space Utilization Symposium (January 24-25, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, Diffusion Phenomena Research Working Group (DPR-WG) was established for the development of strategic plan toward the implementation of microgravity diffusion experiments. We report the activity of our working group in FY 2010., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA0065129028

第27回宇宙利用シンポジウム (2011年1月24日-25日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, The Twenty-seventh Space Utilization Symposium (January 24-25, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, Surface tension of molten iron was measured by oscillating droplet method using electromagnetic levitation method in consideration of oxygen partial pressure (Po2) of ambient atmosphere. We successfully measured surface tension of molten iron within a very wide temperature range of over 750K under a well controlled Po2 atmosphere. When the Po2 is controlled at 10(exp -2)Pa, the "boomerang shape" temperature dependence of surface tension was experimentally observed; surface tension was increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. The pure surface tension was measured at the Po2 of 10(exp -2)Pa above 2150K. The temperature dependence of the surface tension did not show liner relationship against temperatures under reducing atmosphere of mixture gas of Ar-He-5%H2 due to the competition between temperature dependence of the Po2 and equilibrium constant of oxygen adsorption., 資料番号: AA0065129027

第27回宇宙利用シンポジウム (2011年1月24日-25日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, The Twenty-seventh Space Utilization Symposium (January 24-25, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, This working group has been established to get fruitful results using an electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) in the International Space Station. The targets of our group are: (1) expand research area which utilizes ESL, (2) improve techniques of levitation and diagnostics, and (3) identify the necessity of microgravity. Activities of this fiscal year are briefly described in this report., 著者人数: 14人, 形態: カラー図版あり, Number of authors: 14, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AA0065129026