Search

Holographic storage with fast response speed, high saturation diffraction efficiency and high sensitivity are realized in LN:U at multiple visible wavelengths.

Noble metals have broad prospects for catalytic applications yet are restricted to a few packing modes with limited structural flexibility. Here, we achieved geometric structure diversification of noble metals by integrating spatially correlated noble metal single atoms (e.g., Pt, Pd, and Ru) into the lattice of transition metal oxides (TMOs, e.g., Co

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a tissue remodeling process based on orthodontic force loading. Compressed periodontal tissues have a complicated aseptic inflammatory cascade, which are considered the initial factor of alveolar bone remodeling. Since skeletal and immune systems shared a wide variety of molecules, osteoimmunology has been generally accepted as an interdisciplinary field to investigate their interactions. Unsurprisingly, OTM is considered a good mirror of osteoimmunology since it involves immune reaction and bone remolding. In fact, besides bone remodeling, OTM involves cementum resorption, soft tissue remodeling, orthodontic pain, and relapse, all correlated with immune cells and/or immunologically active substance. The aim of this paper is to review the interaction of immune system with orthodontic tooth movement, which helps gain insights into mechanisms of OTM and search novel method to short treatment period and control complications.

Science homework is an important part of junior high school science teaching and learning, playing an important role in the whole subject curriculum teaching system. How to design homework scientifically, reasonably and effectively according to the teaching contents and learning conditions is the key exploration of junior high school science teaching under the background of “double reduction”. Based on the understanding of the core literacy of science and the analysis of the current status of science homework in junior high schools, we combined with the teaching practice of science homework design, and considered the improvement path for the design of junior high school science homework that points to the core literacy under the "double reduction" policy. Teachers can proceed with the following four aspects to improve the quality of homework design: designing conceptual homework from science concepts to consolidate basic knowledge; designing improving homework from science thinking to enhance the quality of assignments; designing practice-based homework from inquiry and practice to enrich the form of assignments; designing value-oriented homework from attitude and responsibility to bring out the value of educating people, so as to truly help students achieve "quality improvement, efficiency increase, and burden reduction" in learning, and cultivate students' core literacy.

In recent years, STSE (science, technology, society, and environment) education ideas have gradually developed and matured in science textbooks, meanwhile situation-creating is a teaching method that can effectively increase students' motivation. When conducting STSE education activities, teachers can infuse STSE education concepts by creating effective teaching situations. With the idea of combining these two to solve practical teaching problems, we analyzed the STSE contents in science textbooks, while investigating the present condition of situation creation in STSE education in a junior high school and summarizing the difficulties encountered in the implementation of STSE teaching, hoping to provide certain help for future STSE situational teaching.

The prices of different quality river crabs on the market can vary several times. Therefore, the internal quality identification and accurate sorting of crabs are particularly important for improving the economic benefits of the industry. Using existing sorting methods by labor and weight to meet the urgent needs of mechanization and intelligence in the crab breeding industry is difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved BP neural network model based on a genetic algorithm, which can grade the crab quality. We comprehensively considered the four characteristics of crabs as the input variables of the model, namely gender, fatness, weight, and shell color of crabs, among which gender, fatness, and shell color were obtained by image processing technology, whereas weight is obtained using a load cell. First, mature machine vision technology is used to preprocess the images of the crab’s abdomen and back, and then feature information is extracted from the images. Next, genetic and backpropagation algorithms are combined to establish a quality grading model for crab, and data training is conducted on the model to obtain the optimal threshold and weight values. Analysis of experimental results reveals that the average classification accuracy reaches 92.7%, which proves that this method can achieve efficient and accurate classification and sorting of crabs, successfully addressing market demand.

This paper addresses the problem of multi-target tracking with superpositional sensors, while the covariance matrices of measurement noise are not known. The proposed method is based on the hybrid multi-Bernoulli cardinalized probability hypothesis density (HMB-CPHD) filter, which has been developed for superpositional sensors-based multi-target tracking with known measurement noises. Specifically, we firstly propose the Gaussian mixture (GM) implementation of the HMB-CPHD filter, and then the covariance matrices of measurement noises are augmented into the target state vector, resulting in the Gaussian and inverse Wishart mixture (GIWM) representation of the augmented state. Then the variational Bayesian (VB) method is exploited to approximate the posterior distribution so that it maintains the same form as the prior distribution. A remarkable feature of the proposed method is that it can jointly perform multi-target tracking and measurement noise covariance estimation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated via simulations.

To estimate the severity of different Covid-19 infections, the current lung capabilities of patients are one of the most important inspects. This paper explores practical redesigns of a spirometer, in this way, when patients exhale, the volume and time can be recorded, using comparatively inexpensive load cells as a substitute for commercial spirometers. When exhaling into the one end of a tube, the plate at the other end will be deflected. With this plate connected to a beam and load cell, the force of a patient’s respiration can be recorded over time. This data can be applied to calculate the required metrics at a small cost. Before actual prototyping the device, sample data of normal breathes will determines the geometry of the beam, primarily the length. Reasonable length is estimated which would create deflection given a range of expected forces. In order to apply the load cell in an effective way, Wheatstone bridge circuit is necessary. To make sure the output voltage reflects the force input correctly, the bridge needs to be balanced. The signal is amplified using an IC-741 op amp. The need for gain is calculated in accordance with a range of flow rates; a healthy person ought to create an output of 0-2 volts with a breath, so that it allows for high resolution output from the DAQ. Another amplifier is utilized to eliminate aliasing. To ensure accurate datum, the load cell is tuned with known weight output on the end of the beam. This configuration gauged the force and volume output from a bicycle pump.)

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AMBs) are regarded as one of the most sustainable energy storage systems among post-lithium-ion candidates, which is attributable to their highest theoretical volumetric capacity, inherent safe operation, and low cost. Yet, the development of aqueous AMBs is plagued by the incapable aluminum plating in an aqueous solution and severe parasitic reactions, which results in the limited discharge voltage, thus making the development of aqueous AMBs unsuccessful so far. Here, we demonstrate that amorphization is an effective strategy to tackle these critical issues of a metallic Al anode by shifting the reduction potential for Al deposition. The amorphous aluminum (a-Al) interfacial layer is triggered by an in situ lithium-ion alloying/dealloying process on a metallic Al substrate with low strength. Unveiled by experimental and theoretical investigations, the amorphous structure greatly lowers the Al nucleation energy barrier, which forces the Al deposition competitive to the electron-stealing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Simultaneously, the inhibited HER mitigates the passivation, promoting interfacial ion transfer kinetics and enabling steady aluminum plating/stripping for 800 h in the symmetric cell. The resultant multiple full cells using Al@a-Al anodes deliver approximately a 0.6 V increase in the discharge voltage plateau compared to that of bare Al-based cells, which far outperform all reported aqueous AMBs. In both symmetric cells and full cells, the excellent electrochemical performances are achieved in a noncorrosive, low-cost, and fluorine-free Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte, which is ecofriendly and can be easily adapted for sustainable large-scale applications. This work brings an intriguing picture of the design of metallic anodes for reversible and high-voltage AMBs. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) C.Y. acknowledges funding supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 52101246) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 5710010721). Q.Y. acknowledges funding support from the Singapore MOE AcRF Tier 1 grant no. 2020-T1-001- 031 and the Singapore A*STAR project A19D9a0096. G.Y. acknowledges funding support from the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award and the Welch Foundation Award F1861.

Asymmetry of the lips severely affects facial esthetics and is often one of the chief complaints of orthognathic patients, especially those with Class III malocclusion. The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in lip symmetry in patients with mandibular prognathism and deviation and the relationships between jaw hard tissue and lip soft-tissue changes.Three-dimensional facial scan and cone-beam computed tomography scan data of 30 orthodontic-orthognathic patients treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were combined to conduct the research. Paired-sample t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to compare the differences in the same variable before and after the orthognathic surgery and the potential correlations between the changes in hard and soft variables. To explore the important hard tissue variables influencing the lip soft-tissue changes, linear regression analysis was performed.Although there was significant upper lip asymmetry presurgery, the upper lip asymmetry was corrected postsurgery. Surgical correction of the mandibular deviation was also accompanied by lengthening of the bilateral philtrum crests. Improvement in lip asymmetry and lengthening of the philtrum crests were primarily related to the transverse correction of the mandible rather than sagittal changes. The corresponding prediction formulas were established.The isolated mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy surgery can substantially improve the upper and lower lip asymmetry in patients with mandibular prognathism and deviation, but one should be wary of the unesthetic effects associated with lengthening of the philtrum crests.

Studies have confirmed the poor stability of layered roofs with weak interlayers, and it is necessary to study the roof-caving mechanism of such roadways. A model of a weak interlayer was established to study the influence of the layer position and horizontal stress of layered roofs with weak interlayers on the stability of roadway roofs. FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to study the damage characteristics of weak interlayers and different horizontal stresses on roadway roofs. Based on Proctor’s theory, a maximum caving arch model was proposed to obtain the maximum caving arch height and span range. The pressure measurement coefficient and the vertical displacement change of the roof strata conformed to corresponding linear functions by fitting the pressure measurement coefficient and the maximum vertical displacement. A bolt-while-drilling support method (BWD) was proposed based on team measurement-while-drilling (MWD) to accurately determine the location of weak rock layers and the development range of plastic zones. A maximum caving arch model was proposed to obtain the range of influence of the maximum caving arch and the range of the maximum slope collapse angle. Furthermore, a method of anchor rod support-while-drilling was proposed and tested on-site in Jingu Coal Industry, Guxian County, Shanxi Province, China. According to the site conditions, short anchor cables were used to pass through the weak interlayer of roofs, with a good support effect. The results provide a new method for layered roof support containing weak interlayers.

We demonstrate hole-transport-layer-free light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on solution-processed multiple-quantum-well (MQW) perovskite. The MQW perovskite can self-assemble to a unique structure of vertically graded distribution with two-dimensional layered perovskite covered by three-dimensional-like perovskite at top, which can naturally form a barrier of electron transporting to the anode interface, thereby enhancing the charge capture efficiency. This leads to hole-transport-layer-free MQW perovskite LEDs reaching an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.0% with emission peak at 528 nm, which is over 6 times of LEDs based on three-dimensional perovskite with the same device structure, representing the record EQE of hole-transport-layer-free perovskite LED.

Background：Precise measurement of the morphological structure of soft and hard tissues is fundamental to the treatment of malocclusion, but the ability of cone beam CT(CBCT) for soft tissue measurements involves few studies to date. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of CBCT for nasolabial soft tissue measurements in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion based on 3-dimensional(3D) facial scanner results.Methods：CBCT and 3D facial scan images of 20 orthognathic patients were used in this study. 11 soft tissue landmarks and 15 linear and angular measurements were identified and performed. For qualitative evaluation, Shapiro-Wilk Test and Bland-Altman plots were applied to analyze the equivalence of the measurements derived from these two kinds of data. To quantify specific deviation of CBCT measurements from facial scanner, the latter were set as a benchmark, and mean absolute difference(MAD) and relative error magnitude(REM) for each variable were calculated.Results：Statistically significant differences were observed on length measurements of bilateral philtrum crests, width of mouth and angular measurements of the protrusion angle of lower lip, left angle of upper mouth and nasolabial angle between the two methods. The MAD value for all length measurements were less than 2 mm and for angular variables The average MAD and REM for length measurements was 0.94mm and 5.64% respectively, and 2.27°, 3.78% for angular measurements.Conclusions：Certain inconformity exists in regions of nasal base and lower lip vermilion between CBCT and facial scanner when measuring nasolabial surfaces, but most of them are clinically acceptable. The soft tissue results measured by CBCT showed relatively good reliability and can be used for 3D measurement of soft tissue in the nasolabial region clinically.

The PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 gene variants have been found to cause NAFLD with a favourable cardiovascular risk profile.To investigate the effects of the NAFLD risk alleles on the all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 5581 Chinese adults.The genome-wide genotypes were detected using a genotyping array and serum lipoprotein profiles were examined using 1H NMR platform. Liver fat content (LFC) was measured using a quantitative ultrasound method. The vital status was determined using official registration data.Genome-wide association analysis showed that a series of variants in PNPLA3 were associated with LFC, including rs738409 CG variant (P = 8.6 × 10The PNPLA3 rs738409 CG variant and its combination with TM6SF2 rs58542926 CT and MBOAT7 rs641738 CT variants increase liver-specific mortality but reduce cardiovascular mortality in overweight/obese Chinese.

The divergent nickel(0)-catalyzed hydrosilylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes has been developed, providing an efficient synthetic route for vinyl silanes or alkyl silanes from the same starting materials.

Alongside the gradual improvement of the market position of dairy cold chain logistics, the cold chain transportation technology used in the logistics industry has also been taken to a whole-new level. There exists a fundamental contradiction between the rigorous requirements of dairy products for temperature control and the low level of development of cold chain logistics, and this contradiction is one of the reasons for the high costs of dairy cold chain logistics. To address this contradiction, we established an indicator system of factors influencing the costs of dairy cold chain logistics from three dimensions of dairy product characteristics, transportation process and cold chain logistics market, and invited managers from dairy companies and transportation professors from relevant universities to probe into the corresponding weights and to pin down the appropriate scores for indicators at all levels. Then we harnessed the AHP method to calculate the important weights for indicators at all levels, and eventually put forward the optimal solution for cutting the costs of cold chain logistics through weight difference analysis.

Occipital headache, the perception of pain in the back of the head, is commonly described by patients diagnosed with migraine, tension-type headache, and occipital neuralgia. The greater and lesser occipital nerves play central role in the pathophysiology of occipital headache. In the clinical setup, such headaches are often treated with onabotulinumtoxinA, a neurotoxin capable of disrupting ability of nociceptors to get activated and/or release proinflammatory neuropeptides. Attempting to understand better onabotulinumtoxinA mechanism of action in reducing headache frequency, we sought to determine its effects on expression of inflammatory genes in injected occipital tissues. To achieve this goal, we injected 40 units of onabotulinumtoxinA into four muscle groups (occipitalis, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, and trapezius muscles—all located on one side of the occiput) of patients with chronic bilateral occipital headache scheduled for occipital nerve decompression surgery 1 month later. At the time of surgery, we collected discarded muscle, fascia and periosteum tissues from respective locations on both sides of the neck and occiput and performed targeted transcriptome analyses to determine expression level of inflammatory genes in onabotulinumtoxinA-injected and onabotulinumA-uninjected tissues. We found that (i) onabotulinumtoxinA alters expression of inflammatory genes largely in periosteum, minimally in muscle and not at all in fascia; (ii) expression of inflammatory genes in uninjected periosteum and muscle is significantly higher in historical onabotulinumA responders than historical non-responders; (iii) in historical responders’ periosteum, onabotulinumA decreases expression of nearly all significantly altered genes, gene sets that define well recognized inflammatory pathways (e.g. pathways involved in adaptive/innate immune response, lymphocyte activation, and cytokine, chemokine, NF-kB, TNF and interferon signalling), and abundance of 12 different immune cell classes (e.g. neutrophils, macrophages, cytotoxic T-, NK-, Th1-, B- and dendritic-cells), whereas in historical non-responders it increases gene expression but to a level that is nearly identical to the level observed in the uninjected periosteum and muscle of historical responders; and surprisingly (iv) that the anti-inflammatory effects of onabotulinumA are far less apparent in muscles and absent in fascia. These findings suggest that in historical responders’ periosteum—but not muscle or fascia—inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of occipital headache, and that further consideration should be given to the possibility that onabotulinumA mechanism of action in migraine prevention could also be achieved through its ability to reduce pre-existing inflammation, likely through localized interaction that lead to reduction in abundance of immune cells in the calvarial periosteum.

Target-specific detection of LAMP amplicons can be achieved through the use of target-specific probes or modified primers as biorecognition elements, decreasing the likelihood of detecting false-positive signals. The present work selected skipjack tuna as a case study, and developed a novel LAMP assay coupled with the self-quenching fluorogenic probe for rapid detection of skipjack tuna. Specifically, the inner forward primer (FIP) was identified as the candidate primer to design the self-quenching fluorogenic probe. The fluorophore attached to the FIP (FIP-FAM) is self-quenched in unbound state. After binding to the dumbbell-shaped DNA target specifically, the FAM fluorophore is de-quenched, resulting in the fluorescence development. With the novel assay, as little as 5 fg of skipjack tuna, DNA could be detected. Moreover, the novel assay embraces a higher tolerance to impurities than non-specific fluorescent dyes, and succeeded the authentication of skipjack tuna from 6 commercial tuna products.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is raised annually, which causes a great harm to people's health. This research aimed to investigate the influence and mechanism of methyltransferase-like 5 (METTL5) in HCC. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, METTL5 levels and prognosis was analyzed in HCC. Next, in HCC tissues and cells, METTL5 expression was examined