Search

This study aims to analyze the concept of happiness via the concepts of self-actualization and self-transcendence. The analyze performs on both an individual level and a level in a society context and also performs from both a descriptive and an analytical perspective. The study refers primarily to two theorists which are Abraham Maslow and Martha Nussbaum. Maslow's theory of a human motivation is about dividing a human´s needs, and therefore motivations, in a hierarchical order. Two of these divisions are self-actualization and self-transcendence. Martha Nussbaum describes the capability approach through partly a list of ten criteria for a human, worthy life. Nussbaum calls this list for the central capabilities. In this study emerged one of the conclusions that, from a rights perspective, the central capabilities can be a tool to increase people's opportunities to choose to become satisfied in levels of self-actualization and self-transcendence.

Over the past years the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory has massively invested on strategic areas to support the design, construction and operation of its new beamlines for SIRIUS, a 4th generation light-source with first photon-beam foreseen for this year. The extent of these developments ranges from basic beamlines’ infrastructure systems such as utilities and radiation enclosures, undergoing precision mechanics, mechatronics, metrology, to new detectors and advanced data processing schemes. This contribution will offer a brief status and overview of the developed and proposed solutions for these areas as well as perspectives for the installation of the first beamlines.

Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy is a recently developed technique that enables new possibilities in the broadband chemical analysis of materials in the nanoscale, far beyond the diffraction limit in this frequency domain. Synchrotron infrared ports have exploited mainly the high brightness advantage provided by electron storage rings across the whole infrared range. However, optical aberrations in the beam produced by the source depth of bending magnet emission at large angles prevent infrared nanospectroscopy to reach its maximum capability. In this work we present a low-aberration optical layout specially designed and constructed for a dedicated synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy beamline. We report excellent agreement between simulated beam profiles (from standard wave propagation and raytracing optics simulations) with experimental measurements. We report an important improvement in the infrared nanospectroscopy experiment related to the improved beamline optics. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the nanospectroscopy endstation by measuring a hyperspectral image of a polar material and we evaluate the setup sensitivity by measuring ultra-thin polymer films down to 6 nm thick.

An attempt to understand the microscopic origin of the high viscosity of Brazilian heavy crude oils was made combining macroscopic (rheological measurements) and microscopic [small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements] techniques. A clear relationship between the asphaltene content and viscosity was found, while the removal of asphaltene via flocculation led to a large viscosity drop, confirming them as the origin of high viscosity. The SAXS analyses of crude oils confirmed the presence of asphaltene aggregates as fractal-like particles of colloidal dimensions. Afterward, a systematic investigation was performed on the effects of a series of additives and physical treatments on the crude oil viscosity. Physical methods did not cause any significant viscosity drop as well as more than 80 additives tested. SAXS measurements on oil samples containing toluene and heptane indicated little effect on the asphaltene nanoaggregates within the dimensions probed by SAXS, confirming a general mode of action bas...

The first set of Sirius beamlines is expected to start operating in early 2019. Regarding X-ray mirror sys-tems, a single design concept has been possible thanks to the standardization of side-bounce fixed-shape mirrors. To preserve the extreme quality of both the mirror figures and the source, the main design targets were minimizing mechanical and thermal distortions in the mirrors while maximizing mechanical and thermal stabilities. A deterministic high-resolution exactly-constrained flexure-based mirror support provides pitch tuning within 100 nrad and resonances above 150 Hz, while dealing with clamping and thermal ex-pansion effects. The adopted cooling strategy was indirect cryocooling via cryostats, drastically minimiz-ing thermal gradients and distortions in the mirrors, decoupling vibration sources and simplifying cooling circuits. Finally, a 5-degree-of-freedom granite bench, based on high-resolution levellers and air-bearing solutions, support the vacuum chamber, on which the internal mechanics is stiffly mounted. The specifica-tions, design and partial results are presented., Proceedings of the Mechanical Eng.~Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2018, Paris, France

The assessment of neuronal number, spatial organization and connectivity is fundamental for a complete understanding of brain function. However, the evaluation of the three-dimensional (3D) brain cytoarchitecture at cellular resolution persists as a great challenge in the field of neuroscience. In this context, X-ray microtomography has shown to be a valuable non-destructive tool for imaging a broad range of samples, from dense materials to soft biological specimens, arisen as a new method for deciphering the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. In this work we present a method for imaging whole neurons in the brain, combining synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography with the Golgi-Cox mercury-based impregnation protocol. In contrast to optical 3D techniques, the approach shown here does neither require tissue slicing or clearing, and allows the investigation of several cells within a 3D region of the brain.

Den här uppsatsen studerar hur designad musik påverkar varumärkesassociationer, utifrån aspekterna organisationsassociationer och varumärkespersonlighet. Teorier kring sinnesmarknadsföring, varumärkesassociationer samt analysmodellen Stimuli-Organism-Respons, är underlag för studien. Syftet är att öka förståelse och kunskap kring den designade musikens påverkan på varumärkesassociationer, vilka kan förstärka ett varumärke. Vidare är det intressant att jämföra hur designad musik kan påverka varumärken med såväl gemensamma som specifika egenskaper. Undersökningen genomförs i två butiksmiljöer för bilvarumärkena BMW och MINI. 111 enkätsvar samlas in genom ett fältexperiment under sex dagar. Besökarna uttrycker upplevd grad av association till värdeord, kopplade till varumärket. De mest framstående resultaten visar att designad musik förstärker varumärkespersonligheten hos MINI och att designad musik förstärker ett av värdeorden, kopplat till organisationsassociationer hos BMW. Resultaten tyder på att designad musik kan påverka olika aspekter av varumärkesassociationer, beroende på om varumärket har tydliga kopplingar till associationer som rör organisation eller varumärkespersonlighet.

The monochromator is known to be one of the most critical optical elements of a synchrotron beamline, since it directly affects the beam quality with respect to energy and position. Naturally, the new 4th genera-tion machines, with their small emittances, start to bring higher stability performance requirements, in spite of factors as high power loads and variations, high radiation levels, ultra-high vacuum compatibility and vibration sources. In response to that, an innova-tive concept of a high-dynamic vertical DCM (Double Crystal Monochromator) with angular range between 3 and 60 degrees (equivalent to 2.3 to 38 keV with Si(111)) has been developed at the Brazilian Synchro-tron Light Laboratory. A highly repeatable dynamic system, with servo control bandwidth of 250 Hz, has been achieved and will be installed at Sirius macromo-lecular crystallography beamline ' MANACA ' still in 2018. The complete offline results of the in-vacuum cryocooled high-dynamic DCM, showing stability between crystals around 15 nrad RMS up to 2.5 kHz, even during the Bragg angle motion for flyscans, are presented., Proceedings of the Mechanical Eng.~Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2018, Paris, France

The soft X-ray beamline IPE is one of the first phase SIRIUS beamlines at the LNLS, Brazil. Divided into two branches, IPE is designed to perform ambient pressure X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and high resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) for samples in operando/environmental conditions inside cells and liquid jets. The aim is to maximize the photon flux in the energy range 200-1400 eV generated by an elliptically polarizing undulator source (EPU) and focus it to a 1 μm vertical spot size at the RIXS station and 10 μm at the AP-XPS station. In order to achieve the required resolving power (40.000 at 930 eV) for RIXS both the dispersion properties of the plane grating monochromator (PGM) and the thermal deformation of the optical elements need special attention. The grating parameters were optimized with the REFLEC code to maximize the efficiency at the required resolution. Thermal deformation of the PGM plane mirror limits the possible range of cff parameters depending of the photon energy used. Hence, resolution of the PGM and thermal deformation effects define the boundary conditions of the optical concept and the simulations of the IPE beamline. We compare simulations performed by geometrical ray-tracing (SHADOW) and wave front propagation (SRW) and show that wave front diffraction effects (apertures, optical surface error profiles) has a small effect on the beam spot size and shape.

The CARNAUBA beamline is the tender-to-hard X-ray (2 – 15 keV) scanning nanoprobe planned for the 4th generation storage ring SIRIUS at the LNLS. CARNAUBA uses an undulator source with vertical linear polarization in a low-beta straight section and grazing incidence-focusing mirrors to create a nanoprobe at 143 m from the source. The beamline optic is based on KB mirrors and provides high brilliance at an achromatic focal spot down to the diffraction limit diameter of ~30 nm with a working distance of ~6 cm. These characteristics are crucial for studying nanometric samples in experiments involving complex stages and environments. The CARNAUBA beamline aims to perform raster scans using x-ray fluorescence, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and coherent x-ray imaging techniques. Computed tomography will extend these methods to three dimensions.

Experimental x-ray techniques that benefit from the great increase in brightness and coherent flux provided by the fourth generation of synchrotron light sources, based on recent advances in accelerator design and technology, are widely expanding nowadays. The basic ingredient to higher brightness is a further reduction of the electron beam emittance in storage rings dedicated to light sources. However, to fully explore the potential of these new sources, it is necessary to optimize other variables as well, such as the proper matching of electrons and photons phase-space and the possibility of using new kinds of insertion devices. Equally important is to try new ways to improve the integration between the light source capabilities and the experiment needs. In this work, recent progress of low emittance rings will be reviewed and the efforts to improve transverse coherent flux and source-to-beamline integration at the Brazilian Sirius project will be described., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark