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The practical applications of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are limited by the further improvement of their stability and performance. Interface engineering is a promising strategy to solve these pain points. Herein, we design (R)-(-)-1-cyclohexylethylamine iodide (R-CEAI), composed of positively charged hydrophobic R-CEA

The vast majority of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are based on a formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)-dominant composition. Nevertheless, the FA-based perovskite films suffer from undesirable phase transition and defects-induced non-ideal interfacial recombination, which significantly induces energy loss and hinders the improvement of device performance. Herein, we employed 4-fluorophenylmethylammonium iodide (F-PMAI) to modulate surface structure and energy level alignment of the FA-based perovskite films. The superior optoelectronic films were obtained with reduced trap density, pure α-phase FAPbI3 and favorable energy band bending. The lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers increased from 489.3 ns to 1010.6 ns, and a more “p-type” perovskite film was obtained by the post-treatment with F-PMAI. Following this strategy, we demonstrated an improved power conversion efficiency of 22.59% for the FA-based PSCs with an open-circuit voltage loss of 399 mV.

Objectives To assess the independent causal effect of body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) level on basal cell carcinoma(BCC), we performed univariable and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods We used overlapping genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) for BMI and 25(OH)D as instrumental variables and selected effective SNPs to applied a series of MR methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW),MR Egger,and Weighted median. After that, we employed sensitivity analysis to make sure the results were reliable and robust. Results In the univariable two-sample MR analysis, higher BMI was related to lower risk for BCC (Odds ratio(OR)=0.90; 95%confidence interval (CI),[0.81,0.99]; p = 0.02). In the multivariable MR, the causal effect of BMI on BCC after adjusting for 25(OH)D level still remained(OR=0.88; 95% CI,[−0.22; −0.03], p-value=0.008).However,our results suggest that 25(OH)D level was not associated with BCC(OR=1.02; 95%CI,[0.94,1.09],p-value=0.67). Conclusion Similar to the conclusions of previous observational studies, the MR results suggest that BMI is an independent protective factor for BCC. While, vitamin D levels may not be causally associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma and increasing vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to reduce the risk.

This paper reviews the Challenge on Super-Resolution of Compressed Image and Video at AIM 2022. This challenge includes two tracks. Track 1 aims at the super-resolution of compressed image, and Track 2 targets the super-resolution of compressed video. In Track 1, we use the popular dataset DIV2K as the training, validation and test sets. In Track 2, we propose the LDV 3.0 dataset, which contains 365 videos, including the LDV 2.0 dataset (335 videos) and 30 additional videos. In this challenge, there are 12 teams and 2 teams that submitted the final results to Track 1 and Track 2, respectively. The proposed methods and solutions gauge the state-of-the-art of super-resolution on compressed image and video. The proposed LDV 3.0 dataset is available at https://github.com/RenYang-home/LDV_dataset. The homepage of this challenge is at https://github.com/RenYang-home/AIM22_CompressSR.

Meteorological disasters impose significant challenges on protection of ancient buildings. By use of Delphi method and Multi-subject research including architecture, meteorology and archaeology, this work identifies major meteorological disasters on ancient buildings. The hierarchical model of risk influential factors is established. It contains four first-grade factors such as wind, flood, lightning and snow disaster, ten second-grade factors and twenty third-grade factors. Then, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to calculate weight of those factors. The result showed that lightning disasters had largest threat on ancient buildings among the four major kinds of meteorological disasters. Its weight was the highest of 0.383, followed by that of flood and wind disasters with weight of 0.31 and 0.22 respectively. Snow disasters had the smallest weight of 0.09. Lightning protection measures have significant influence on vulnerability of ancient buildings and on lightning disaster risks. So, to protect ancient buildings against meteorological disasters, besides characteristics of the disasters themselves, all the mentioned factors such as architectural structure, building types and environment should be taken into consideration. Specific protection strategies are then implemented according to weights of different factors.

Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternative approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs have potential therapeutic value, because they have high self-renewal ability, are capable of multipotent differentiation, and have low immunogenicity. Furthermore, MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and the therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis, and enhance liver functionality.

By using Citespace V, this paper made a metrological analysis and visualization analysis of 2265 papers about foreign obese adolescent’s sports from 1991 to 2021, which were downloaded from SCIE, SSCI and A&HCI of web of science. Conclusions: (1) The publication of papers in the United States ranks first?followed by Australia, Spain, Canada and England respectively. Countries such as Sweden, Finland, Denmark and South Africa have rare papers, but achieve great influence relatively. (2) The researched papers are distributed in 523 journals. Among them, BMC Public Health ranks first in the number of articles published, followed by Journal of School Health. Journal of Physical Activity & Health ranks third. (3) Keywords such as adolescent, physical activity, obesity and health have led the research trend in the field of foreign obese adolescents’ sports in the past 30 years.

This paper introduces a decomposition method that quantifies the contributions to common prosperity of labor market performance and social policies and extends the idea of shared prosperity to a new measure of inequity in opportunities. The resulting common prosperity indices and opportunity equality indices are then applied to five waves of the Chinese Household Income Project data from 1988 to 2018. This paper shows that the labor market performance and social policies have been improving over the last 30 years and have helped China move towards common prosperity for everyone. The indices developed in this paper allow us to quantify the extent of shared prosperity that a country has achieved and to carry out empirical studies on which policy is working and which is not. It can also help us identify the fundamental causes of inequality and aid us in achieving equality in opportunity among all members of society.

This paper evaluates the minimum living standard guarantee program (Dibao) in rural China using several methods including the income approach, the multidimensional poverty approach, and a proxy means test approach. We find that the targeting accuracy of the program appears greater the more comprehensive the evaluation method used—but all these methods find low levels of targeting accuracy. Because Dibao fund allocation is largely decided by the villagers, who take a more holistic view in selecting “poor” households than the various evaluation methods, we argue that the low targeting efficacy may be due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation method, as opposed to the low targeting of the program itself. This paper argues that the community-based targeting used by the Dibao program may be a better way to combat poverty in many developing countries, as it requires less administrative capacity and overcomes the difficulties of identifying poor households that qualify for assistance.

Photocapacitor integrating both energy harvest and storage functions into a single device is a frontier research orientation, which facilitates the efficient and sustainable utilization of green energy. However, the multi-functions in one device and structural complexity of the integrated device, particularly the mismatch between energy harvest and storage units, lead to a relatively large energy loss in the energy storage and output processes. Here, we design a voltage adjustable hybrid supercapacitor (VAHSC) as an energy storage unit of a three-terminal photocapacitor. The VAHSC effectively harmonizes the energy harvest and storage units, resulting in the current, voltage, power, and energy match between both units. The optimal photocapacitor achieves a storage efficiency as high as 98.28% and Joule efficiency of 86.01%, along with excellent charge/discharge cycle stability. The great leap in this efficiency marks a substantial step towards the practical application of solar-charging energy storage integrated devices.

While serious stability issues impede the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), two-dimensional (2D) perovskites based on fluorinated bulky cations have emerged as more intrinsically stable materials. However, the influence of fluorination degree of the bulky aromatic cation on the performance of resulting PSCs has not been scrutinized. Here, 2D perovskites (FxPEA)2PbI4 (x = 1, 2, 3, 5) are grown in situ on the surface of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskite and demonstrate effective passivation of the surface defects of 3D perovskite. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized devices were boosted from 20.75% for the control device to 21.09%, 22.06%, 22.74% and 21.86% for 2D/3D devices treated with 4-fluorophenethylamine iodide, 3,5-difluorophenylethylamine iodide, 2,4,5-trifluoroethylphenylethylamine iodide, and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorophenylethylamine iodide, respectively. We firstly reported two unexplored RP-type layered perovskites with F2PEAI and F3PEAI as bulky cations. The combined experimental and theoretical analysis revealed the reasons behind the various morphology, device performances, dynamic behavior, and humidity stability. The best performing F5PEAI-treated device retaining 95.0% of its initial PCE under ambient atmosphere (with RH of 60% ± 5%) without encapsulation for 300 h storage. This work provides useful guidance for selecting fluorinated bulky cations with different molecular electronic properties, which will play an essential role in further improving the performance/stability of PSCs for the sake of further commercialization.

Objective To establish and validate a nomogram for individualized prediction of renal involvement in pSS patients. Methods A total of 1293 patients with pSS from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2008 and January 2020 were recruited and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly divided into development set (70%, n = 910) and validation set (30%, n = 383). The univariable and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the risk factors of renal involvement in pSS. Based on the regression β coefficients derived from multivariate logistic analysis, an individualized nomogram prediction model was developed and subsequently evaluated by AUC and calibration plot. Results Multivariate logistic analysis showed that hypertension, anemia, albumin, uric acid, anti-Ro52, hematuria, and ChisholmMason grade were independent risk factors of renal involvement in pSS. The AUC were 0.797 and 0.750, respectively, in development set and validation set. The calibration plot showed nomogram had a strong concordance performance between the prediction probability and the actual probability. Conclusion The individualized nomogram for pSS patients those who had renal involvement could be used by clinicians to predict the risk of pSS patients developing into renal involvement and improve early screening and intervention.

This paper provides a new theory that is able to explain both domestic and international wage inequalities. The main argument is that there are broadly two types of technological change: productivity enhancing technological change and transportation cost reducing technological changes. The former increases labour productivity in the country where it is generated from. The latter reduces transportation costs internationally, which lowers the price for imported goods and increases the demand for them. This paper incorporates these technological changes into an open trade economy, where, we assume, there are two countries (i.e. home and foreign) and each country has two types of labour (i.e. skilled and unskilled). The results show that the wage inequality within one country is determined by its own combination of the two different technological changes. Both skilled and unskilled international wage inequalities are determined by the combination of the two different technological changes in two countries simultaneously.

The practical applications of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are limited by further improvement of their stability and performance. Additive engineering and interface engineering are promising medicine to cure this stubborn disease. Herein, an alkali metal fluoride as an additive is introduced into the tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL). The formation of coordination bonds of F- ions with the oxygen vacancy of Sn4+ ions decreases the trap-state density and improves the electron mobility; the hydrogen bond interaction between the F ion and amine group (FA+) of perovskite inhibits the diffusion of organic cations and promotes perovskite (PVK) stability. Meanwhile, the alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) permeated into PVK fill the organic cation vacancies and ameliorate the crystal quality of PVK films. Consequently, a SnO2-based planar PSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.24%, while the PSC modified by CsF achieves a PCE of 22.51%, accompanied by effective enhancement of stability and negligible hysteresis. The research results provide a typical example for low-cost and multifunctional additives in high-performance PSCs.

Hole transporting materials (HTMs) play an unparalleled role in heightening the stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The organic small molecule spiro-OMeTAD is frequently utilized for HTM in PSCs. However, the raw spiro-OMeTAD without dopant would be harmful to the development of highly efficient PSCs, due to its unsatisfied hole mobility and conductivity. Therefore, we introduce an inorganic dopant (chromium trioxide, CrO3) into the lithium-salt doped spiro-OMeTAD. Because of the exclamatory oxidizability of CrO3, it can accelerate the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD and thereby enhancing the hole mobility of HTM. The introduction of CrO3 not only substantially decreases the density of defects, but also adjusts spiro-OMeTAD energy band, and thus effectively suppresses the hysteresis and improving stability of PSCs. In the end, we obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 22.6% after doping CrO3 in spiro-OMeTAD. The facile, low cost and outstanding photovoltaic performance render CrO3 an excellent dopant for HTMs in PSCs.

Gastric cancer (GC) mortality continues to fall in industrialized countries, but still remains a public health concern in China, accounting for more than 370 000 deaths. We aimed to evaluate the survival of GC in China from 2000 to 2022 through a nationwide systematic review of hospital-based studies and to identify whether hospital-based studies show higher survival rates than population-based studies.We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese databases of CNKI and Wanfang for hospital-based studies on GC survival published between January 1, 2000, and January 20, 2022. We calculated the nationwide GC survival rate (SR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) and conducted subgroup analyses on histologic type, subsite, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage, therapy type, study design, and participant region. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD-42019121559).The initial literature search returned 36 613 publications, among which 664 studies (180 798 participants) matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled one-, two-, three- and five-year SRs of GC were 75.4% (95% CI = 74.0%-76.8%), 54.3% (95% CI = 50.1%-58.6%), 53.4% (95% CI = 50.4%-56.4%), and 44.5% (95% CI = 41.5%-47.5%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed an increase in three- and five-year SRs from 2006 to 2022. The five-year SR was highest among patients without lymph node metastasis (pooled SR = 67.8%, 95% CI = 62.8%-72.7%) and lowest among those with distant metastasis (pooled SR = 8.4%, 95% CI = 5.1%-11.7%).Our findings illustrate that the long-term survival of GC has improved in China since 2000. Hospital-based studies have presented higher SRs than population-based surveillance.

Natural products are a major source of anticancer agents and play critical roles in anticancer drug development. Inspired by the complexity-to-diversity strategy, novel deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) analogues were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound