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Haemophilia is an X‐linked inherited bleeding disorder caused by coagulation factor deficiency. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication associated with the disease. No study thus far has investigated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC in patients with haemophilia. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RFA for HCC in haemophilia patients. Methods: From July 2008 to June 2019, 217 patients with HCC underwent 300 RFA sessions. Of these, 18 sessions were performed in ten haemophilia patients (H group) and 282 in 207 non‐haemophilia patients (NH group). The patients' characteristics, incidence of haemorrhagic complications and rates of local tumour recurrence were compared between the groups. Results: A majority of the haemophilia patients received clotting factor concentrate replacement therapy before and after RFA treatment, with the aim of reaching a plasma clotting factor level of higher than 60%–80%. Twelve haemorrhagic complications were observed in the NH group (4.2%; 12/282). Major bleeding requiring control procedures was observed in two patients and minor bleeding with careful observation was noted in ten patients. No bleeding complications were observed in the H group (0/18). There were no significant differences in the 5‐year local tumour recurrence rates after RFA treatment between the groups (35.0% in the H group and 32.1% in the NH group). Conclusion: RFA could be an effective and a safe method for HCC treatment in patients with haemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a massive magnetocaloric effect near the liquefaction temperature of hydrogen has been reported in the ferromagnetic material HoB2. Here we investigate the effects of Dy substitution in the magnetocaloric properties of Ho1-xDyxB2 alloys (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0). We find that the Curie temperature (TC) gradually increases upon Dy substitution, while the magnitude of the magnetic entropy change |ΔSM| and adiabatic temperature change ΔTad showed a gradual decrease. On the other hand, due to the presence of successive transitions in these alloys, the peak height of the above magnetocaloric properties tends to be kept in a wide temperature range, leading to a relatively robust figure of merit in a wide temperature span. These alloys could be interesting candidates for magnetic refrigeration in the temperature range of 10–60 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal node design is crucial for obtaining structurally diverse coordination polymers (CPs) and metal–organic frameworks with desirable properties; however, FeII ions are exclusively six‐coordinated. Herein, we present a cyanide‐bridged three‐dimensional (3D) CP, FePd(CN)4, bearing four‐coordinate FeII ions, which is synthesized by thermal treatment of a two‐dimensional (2D) six‐coordinate FeII CP, Fe(H2O)2Pd(CN)4⋅4 H2O, to remove water molecules. Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction measurements revealed that the FePd(CN)4 structure is composed of a two‐fold interpenetrated PtS topology network, where the FeII center demonstrates an intermediate geometry between tetrahedral and square‐planar coordination. This four‐coordinate FeII center with the distorted geometry can act as a thermo‐responsive flexible node in the PtS network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal node design is crucial for obtaining structurally diverse coordination polymers (CPs) and metal–organic frameworks with desirable properties; however, FeII ions are exclusively six‐coordinated. Herein, we present a cyanide‐bridged three‐dimensional (3D) CP, FePd(CN)4, bearing four‐coordinate FeII ions, which is synthesized by thermal treatment of a two‐dimensional (2D) six‐coordinate FeII CP, Fe(H2O)2Pd(CN)4⋅4 H2O, to remove water molecules. Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction measurements revealed that the FePd(CN)4 structure is composed of a two‐fold interpenetrated PtS topology network, where the FeII center demonstrates an intermediate geometry between tetrahedral and square‐planar coordination. This four‐coordinate FeII center with the distorted geometry can act as a thermo‐responsive flexible node in the PtS network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic refrigeration exploits the magnetocaloric effect, which is the entropy change upon the application and removal of magnetic fields in materials, providing an alternate path for refrigeration other than conventional gas cycles. While intensive research has uncovered a vast number of magnetic materials that exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect, these properties remain unknown for a substantial number of compounds. To explore new functional materials in this unknown space, machine learning is used as a guide for selecting materials that could exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect. By this approach, HoB2 is singled out and synthesized, and its magnetocaloric properties are evaluated, leading to the experimental discovery of a gigantic magnetic entropy change of 40.1 J kg−1 K−1 (0.35 J cm−3 K−1) for a field change of 5 T in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic second-order phase transition with a Curie temperature of 15 K. This is the highest value reported so far, to the best of our knowledge, near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature; thus, HoB2 is a highly suitable material for hydrogen liquefaction and low-temperature magnetic cooling applications. Machine learning: The search for cooler materials A material for magnetically cooling hydrogen to its liquid form has been identified by a data-driven approach. Some materials get colder when they are exposed to an alternating magnetic field. This so-called magnetocaloric effect enables refrigeration to within one thousandth of a degree of absolute zero. Trial and error have uncovered many magnetocaloric materials, but Pedro Baptista de Castro, from the National Institute for Materials Science in Tsukuba, Japan, and co-workers have instead approached material discovery in a more systematic way using machine learning. They trained their algorithm to screen prospective compounds using data from the scientific literature. In this way they identified, and then experimentally confirmed, that holmium boride, HoB2, has a giant magnetocaloric effect at temperatures around 15 Kelvin (–258 °C), near the liquefaction point of hydrogen. Magnetic refrigeration, which is based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), is an emerging pathway for environment-friendly refrigeration. In this work, we performed a machine learning based approach to discover experimentally that HoB2 exhibits |ΔSM| = 40.1 J/kg K (0.35 J/cm−3 K) for μ0ΔΗ = 5 Τ at second order transition of TC ~ 15 K, having the largest |ΔSM| around this temperature region. Thus, HoB2 is a highly suitable material for hydrogen liquefaction and low-temperature magnetic cooling applications. Our study also sheds light on the machine learning approach as an effective method for searching functional materials characterized by complex physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Income inequalities in access to dental care have been reported worldwide. While geographical accessibility may affect inequalities, no study has examined whether the use of public transportation reduces income inequalities in access to dental care. Therefore, we examined whether the use of public transportation is associated with reduced income inequalities in access to dental care. Methods: This cross‐sectional study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study conducted in 2016. Self‐reported questionnaires were distributed to 34 567 community‐dwelling independent older adults aged 65 years or over from 39 municipalities. The dependent variable was dental attendance for any treatment. The independent variables were daily public transportation use and household equivalent income. The covariates were age, years of education, marital status, self‐rated health, number of teeth, car use, having bus stops or railway stations nearby for individual level and density of dental clinics for community level. After multiple imputation, a two‐level linear regression analysis was performed and stratified by sex. Results: The mean age of the 19 664 participants (response rate: 69.9%) was 73.8 years (standard deviation = 6.1). Among the participants with dental attendance for treatment in the past six months, daily public transportation users represented 45.5% of men and 56.1% of women. These users had higher levels of dental attendance for treatment (β =.109, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.051‐0.166 for men, β =.094, 95% CI = 0.039‐0.149 for women) than nondaily users. Household equivalent income was positively associated with higher dental attendance for treatment (β =.046, 95% CI = 0.029‐0.062 for men, β =.029, 95% CI = 0.013‐0.045 for women). Income inequalities in access to dental care were smaller among the daily public transportation users than in nondaily users, and a statistically significant interaction was observed only in men (P‐value interactions =.025 for men,.188 for women). Conclusion: Income inequalities in access to dental care were smaller among older daily users of public transportation than in nondaily users. These results suggest that providing environment in which people can conveniently use public transportation is needed for reducing income inequalities in access to dental care, especially for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of the complete solid solution of [Sr.sub.1-x][Ca.sub.x]Fe[O.sub.2] together with their thermal stability measured by in situ X-ray diffraction is described. The studies have shown that the infinite layer (IL) iron oxide is robust against substitution as well as temperature, which is attributed to the strong hybridization between Fe and O.