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Two new species, Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae, collected from the Gaoligong Mountains in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, were determined by both morphological character and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. P. puniceum was confirmed to be phylogenetically related to P. shibinense and P. liangshanense, while obviously separated from them to be a unique lineage. The diagnostic features of P. puniceum were its spherical conidia and puniceus stromata solitarily on the head of Hepialidae larva. M. lymantriidae was the sister species of M. dendrolimatilis, but it was supported as a single distinct lineage. It was apparently distinguished M. lymantriidae from M. dendrolimatilis by its smaller conidia and more slender phialides Moreover, the host of M. lymantriidae was the larva of tussock moth and that of M. dendrolimatilis was the larva of Dendrolimus sp..

In this paper, the shifting control hydraulic system of the heavy-duty automatic transmission was designed, aiming to unify and standardize design methods. The said system was designed according to the binary logic characteristics of hydraulic components. In addition, to meet the torque transmission requirements and reduce the energy consumption, both the oil pressure supply and flow-regulating system were designed. Mathematical and simulation models of the hydraulic system were established to analyze its performance. Finally, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the system (within the AMESim environment); the results have shown that the main pressure of each gear was controlled in a reasonable range, and both the pressure of shift clutch and the pressure response time were reduced. In addition, the power loss of the hydraulic system was significantly improved, which improved the practical performance of the overall hydraulic system.

Colletotrichum species are well-known plant pathogens, saprobes, endophytes, human pathogens and entomopathogens. However, little is known about Colletotrichum as endophytes of plants and cultivars including Citrus grandis cv. “Tomentosa”. In the present study, 12 endophytic Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from this host in Huazhou, Guangdong Province (China) in 2019. Based on morphology and combined multigene phylogeny [nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), chitin synthase 1 (chs-1), histone H3 (his3) actin (act), beta-tubulin (β-tubulin) and glutamine synthetase (gs)], six Colletotrichum species were identified, including two new species, namely Colletotrichum guangdongense and C. tomentosae. Colletotrichum asianum, C. plurivorum, C. siamense and C. tainanense are identified as being the first reports on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” worldwide. This study is the first comprehensive study on endophytic Colletotrichum species on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” in China.

Currently, feed enzymes are primarily obtained through fermentation of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Although the manufacturing technology for feed enzymes has evolved rapidly, the activities of these enzymes decline during the granulating process and the cost of application has increased over time. An alternative approach is the use of genetically modified plants containing complex feed enzymes for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. We co-expressed three commonly used feed enzymes (phytase, β-glucanase, and xylanase) in barley seeds using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and generated a new barley germplasm. The results showed that these enzymes were stable and had no effect on the development of the seeds. Supplementation of the basal diet of laying hens with only 8% of enzyme-containing seeds decreased the quantities of indigestible carbohydrates, improved the availability of phosphorus, and reduced the impact of animal production on the environment to an extent similar to directly adding exogenous enzymes to the feed. Feeding enzyme-containing seeds to layers significantly increased the strength of the eggshell and the weight of the eggs by 10.0%-11.3% and 5.6%-7.7%, respectively. The intestinal microbiota obtained from layers fed with enzyme-containing seeds was altered compared to controls and was dominated by Alispes and Rikenella. Therefore, the transgenic barley seeds produced in this study can be used as an ideal feedstuff for use in animal feed.

To explore the effect of time to remission on residual symptoms, functioning and quality of life (QOL) of the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).A total of 434 patients were enrolled from 16 sites of China. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS-SR) and self-rating scales were assessed at baseline, and months 1, 3 and 6. Baseline remitters were defined as those subjects with a QIDS-SR score ≤ 5 at baseline. Later remitters was defined as those reaching remission one month (Month 1 remitters) or three month (Month 3 remitters) after baseline. Persistent non-remitters were defined as those with QIDS-SR score 5 at all 3 assessments. A follow-up assessment was done at month 6 to examine outcomes. Cross-lagged models indicated QIDS-SR predicted social functioning and QOL.Totally, 179 patients at baseline achieved remission. An additional 141 participants remitted at month 1 (n = 94) or month 3 (n = 47), and 63 patients were persistent non-remitters. There were significant differences between all groups on depression severity at baseline. QOL was similar for both late remitter groups, which was better than non-remitters, but lower than early-remitters. Late remitters and non-remitters showed significant differences on change of functioning and QOL (P 0.001) at each visit. By 6 months, all remitting groups showed lower depression severity and better social functioning and QOL than persistent non-remitters. Cross-lagged models indicated QIDS-SR predicted social functioning and QOL.We confirmed the association of earlier remission with a better quality of remission at early stage; but the time to remission does not affect future functioning and QOL.

Comparison of nitrate formation mechanisms from free amino acids and amines during ozonation was made using quantum chemical calculations.

Assessing rangeland productivity is critical to reduce ecological degradation and promote sustainable livestock management. Here, we estimated biomass productivity and carrying capacity dynamics in the Borana rangeland of southern Ethiopia by using field-based data and remote sensing data (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)). Data was collected from both rainy and dry seasons when biomass production was high and low respectively. Results of linear regression showed that both biomass production (R