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A series of amphiphilic dendrons (G1-G4) have been designed and synthesized, which have a highly branched aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton and a hydrophilic hydroxyl functionality to enable conjugation with other substrates. The higher generation dendrons (G3 and G4) were synthesized by a double-stage convergent method, which shortened the synthetic route significantly and provided the products in an efficient manner. The key branching step involved a double alkyl-metal addition to an ester functionality followed by deoxygenation of a resulting tertiary alcohol by triethylsilane.

This chapter examines the development of liberal arts education in Chinese higher education and in particular, the histories and reforms over the years of Fudan University in mainland China and Lingnan University in Hong Kong and these institutions’ attempts to adapt the Western model of liberal arts education to Chinese contexts.

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From a viewpoint of physical and chemical form estimation, ultra-trace analytical techniques of nuclear materials in environmental samples for safeguards have been investigated at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. This article deals with (1) an outline of the developed techniques for bulk and particle analyses of uranium and plutonium in the safeguards environmental samples; (2) current RD and (3) possible analytical methodologies, as future works, applicable to ultra-trace amounts of nuclear materials in environmental samples.

On the purpose of measuring Newton rings deformation stress and the intelligentialize of the newton rings apparatus, a Variable Gain Amplifier circuit which is based on a low power, general purpose instrumentation amplifiers INA128 offering excellent accuracy was designed to amplify the low frequency and voltage signal from the Pressure sensor. The principle of circuit and the information of chips used were introduced detailedly. Intermediately, problem which appeared in the program of the design had been figured out. Finally, test the performance of the circuit and analyze the experimental data with MATLAB, results were as follws, when the gain is equal to 33.97dB(Magnified 50 times),the bandwidth is up to 599kHz; when the gain is equal to 40dB(Magnified 100 times),the bandwidth is up to 250kHz; when the gain is equal to 53.98dB(Magnified 500 times),the bandwidth is up to 39kHz. key words-gain variable; Amplifier circuit; nstrumentation; newton rings;INA128.

A new chemiluminescence label N-(β-carboxpropionyl)luminol (CPL) was used to label sheep anti-human IgG (SaHIgG). The labeled antibody waa stable and could be detected at least dawn to 10−17 ∼10−16 mol. The molar incorporation ratio was estimated to be 0.26 mol of CPL per mol of SaHIgG. There were no apparent changes in the immunoreactivity of the labeled SaHIgG and in the quantum efficiency of the CPL after labeling.

To evaluate the influence on the synaptic protein expression in different brain regions of ICR mice after lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) exposure during postnatal period.Two male and 4 female healthy ICR mice were put in one cage. It was set as pregnancy if vaginal plug was founded. Offspring were divided into 5 groups randomly, and exposed to LCT (0.01% DMSO solution) at the doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg by intragastric rout every other day from postnatal days (PND) 5 to PND13, control animals were treated with normal saline or DMSO by the same route. The brains were removed from pups on PND 14, the synaptic protein expression levels in cortex, hippocampus and striatum were measured by western blot.GFAP levels of cortex and hippocampus in the LCT exposure group increased with doses, as compared with control group (P0.05), while Tuj protein expression did not change significantly in the various brain regions of ICR mice. GAP-43 protein expression levels in the LCT exposed mouse hippocampus and in female ICR mouse cortex increased with doses, as compared with control group (P0.05). Presynaptic protein (Synapsin I) expression levels did not change obviously in various brain regions. However, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression levels of the hippocampus and striatum in male offspring of 10.0 mg/kg LCT group, of cortex of female LCT groups, and of female offspring in all exposure groups, of striatum, in 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg LCT exposure groups significantly decreased (P0.05).Early postnatal exposure to LCT affects synaptic protein expression. These effects may ultimately affect the construction of synaptic connections.

The novel double-stage convergent synthesis of a new class of polyisoprene terpenoid (PIPTP) dendrons is described. PIPTP dendrons bear a highly branched aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton and a hydrophilic hydroxy focal point functionality. These dendrons have the specific formula C((5×2)(G+1)(-5))H((5×2)(G+2)(-8))O, and each dendritic layer is constructed from an isoprene unit. The key branching steps involve a double alkyl-metal addition to an ester functionality, followed by deoxygenation of the resulting tertiary alcohol by triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid, then hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis. The dendrons were also attached to oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) so as to function as protective shells to allow fine tuning of the nanoscopic environment around the OPE moiety, and to exert precise control of the packing density and intermolecular interaction between the OPE cores. Fluorescence quantum yield data reveal that the OPE core is better encapsulated by the PIPTP dendrons than by Fréchet dendrons.

To investigate the severity related influencing factor and treatment strategy of severe acute pancreatitis with early organ dysfunction.From July 2007 to December 2008, 167 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated in the Surgical Department of Ruijin Hospital. The relationships between the happening of early organ dysfunction and outcome of the patients were observed, with operative or nonoperative treatment strategy.Among 167 patients, 68 patients have early organ dysfunction, in which 39 with single organ dysfunction and 29 with multiple organ dysfunction. The early organ dysfunction were involved in 47.1% in cardiovascular system, 35.3% in lung and 29.4% in kidney. Aging (P0.05) and higher APACHE II score (P0.05) predicted a poor prognosis, which were benefit from early operation.The mortality of the patients with SAP is related to age, and the degree of organ dysfunction as well. In the first phase of the disease, the selection of operation depends on the trends and the degree of early organ dysfunction before infected necrosis happens, with the aid of SOFA score as a scale.

In this paper, Gaussian pixelate Chinese character processing software is designed, and HMD is used to realize the recognition experiment for pixelate Chinese characters based on simulated prosthetic vision. The structure of recognition system, software design and the experiment for determining Gaussian width (sigma) are presented. It is shown that when sigma is 0.235, the recognition program is the best.

To explore the effect of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on the interleukin(IL)18-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin(IL) 6 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC).VSMC was stimulated with various concentrations of IL-18 for different times after addition of NAC(5 mmol/L) for 1 h. The messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was measured by RT-PCR and the protein secretion of the two cytokines was determined by ELISA method. Western blot was used to analyze the activation of NF-kappaB in VSMC.IL-18 significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 (P0.01) in a dose-dependent and a time-dependent ways. NAC inhibited the mRNA expression and protein secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 induced by IL-18(P0.01). Western blot results showed the NAC inhibited the IL-18-induced activation of NF-kappaB in VSMC.N-acetylcysteine antagonizes the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 induced by IL-18 in VSMC.

This paper introduces the current development and challenges of vision prosthesis.

In this article, the implementation of eye movement tracking system includes three procedures: hardware acquisition, data extraction and overall analysis. The system is based on Camshift algorithm with an eye tracking module added, developed on VC++ 6.0. The system can track the eye movement effectively in simulated phosphene evaluation experiment based on prosthetic vision.

Interferons (IFNs) can activate the PI3K-AKT and Raf-MEK-ERK signal pathways and induce antiviral proteins (MxA, 2′,5′-OAS and PKR) expression in specific cell lines. However, the relationship between those antiviral proteins expression and signal pathways remains unknown at present. Thus our experiments were designed to determine the exact relationship in HepG2.2.15 cell line. The results demonstrated that IFN-α and IL-29 were both able to activate PI3K-AKT and Raf-MEK-ERK signal pathways, and IFN-α up-regulated the expression of MxA, 2′,5′-OAS and PKR whereas IL-29 increased mRNA expression of MxA and 2′,5′-OAS and had no influence on PKR. Furthermore, MxA, 2′,5′-OAS and PKR expression were down-regulated while PI3K-AKT signal pathway was blocked by LY294002. And MxA was up-regulated after Raf-MEK-ERK signal pathway being blocked by PD98059. These findings indicate that the expression of MxA, 2′,5′-OAS and PKR are up-regulate by PI3K-AKT signal pathway, and Raf-MEK-ERK signal pathway has a negative regulatory effect on the expression of MxA and no significant effect on 2′,5′-OAS and PKR.

Interleukin 29 (IL-29) is a class II cytokine and displays numerous immune functions other than its anti-viral and antiproliferation activities. This study is focused on the effect of IL-29 on human keratinocytes (KCs). Primary KCs were stimulated by various concentrations of IL-29 for different time periods, and antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression were then analyzed by real-time PCR. The signal pathways activated by IL-29 in KCs were detected by western blot. The antiviral activity of IL-29 was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, and small interfering RNA knockdown was used to analyze the role of toll receptor 3 (TLR3) in the antiviral activity of IL-29. IL-29 was able to induce expression of antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression in KCs. IL-29 pretreatment strongly enhanced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced expression of the interferon β (IFN-β) gene and protected the KCs from HSV-1 challenge. The IL-29 antiviral activity was partially dependent on TLR3 expression induced by this cytokine, and mechanistic studies demonstrated that the regulation of TLR3 expression by IL-29 might be partially dependent on Janus kinase /signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STATs) activation. IL-29-induced TLR3 expression is involved in antiviral activity of IL-29 in KCs, which suggests a feasible method to cure certain viral infections of the skin.

This paper presents a design of the control system for the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which is based on S3C2410, and the emphasis is laid on its hardwaresoftware's design. The LCD interface with the function of a touch screen is implemented by the Qt/Embedded graphical interface application programs.

To detect mite allergens in the dust of air conditioner filter-net and floating air in room.Samples were collected from rooms of asthma patient and normal families with or without air conditioner. Der p1, Der f1 and Der 2 were determined by two monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.In asthma patient families, the concentration of airborne Der p1, Der f1 and Der 2 was (0.23 +/- 0.13), (2.62 +/- 1.08), (0.93 +/- 0.41) ng/m3, and (0.56 +/- 0.25), (4.74 +/- 1.22), (2.33 +/- 0.64) ng/m3 respectively before and after the air conditioner switched on, all showing a significant difference (P0.05). In families without asthma patient, the concentration of Der p1, Der f1 and Der 2 was (0.33 +/- 0.11), (11.50 +/- 3.08) and (2.10 +/- 0.80) ng/m3, and (0.63 +/- 0.23), (19.80 +/- 4.30) and (3.60 +/- 1.00) ng/m3 respectively before and after the air conditioner switched on, also showing a significant difference (P0.05). From the filter-net dust of air conditioner in family with allergic asthma patient, the concentration of Der p1, Der f1 and Der 2 was (0.52 +/- 0.19), (3.34 +/- 0.63), (2.53 +/- 0.65) microg/g dust, while that of normal families was (1.30 +/- 0.35), (5.16 +/- 0.92), (3.47 +/- 1.13) microg/g dust respectively. The concentration of Der f1 and Der 2 at both asthma families and normal families was higher than 2 microg/g, an allergen concentration threshold.Mite allergens exist in the filter-net dust of air conditioner, which may be an important source of indoor allergens and a cause of the increasing prevalence of allergic asthma.

The eighth member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 8) is the major oil reservoir unit in Jiyuan oil field, though with the high potential for oil exploration. The Chang 8 sandstones are characterized with low porosity, low permeability and strong microscopic heterogeneities due to the complex deep-burial diagenetic history. Detailed petrological studies by thin section, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, core analysis have been used to investigate the lithogology characteristics, diagenesis, diagenetic minerals and their coupling impacts on reservoir property. The results show that Chang 8 sandstones comprise fine to mediumgrained subarkoses, feldspathic litharenites. The pore systems are dominated by remaining primary intergranular pores, secondary dissolution porosity and micropores. Then, five diagenetic facies were divided in Chang 8 sandstones based on the type and degree of diagenesis, diagenetic minerals assemblages and their coupling effects on the reservoir quality. They consist of grain-coating chlorite weak dissolution facies, unstable component dissolution facies, tight compaction facies, clay minerals filling facies and carbonate cementation facies. The well logging response characteristics of various diagenetic facies are summarized on Gamma Ray (GR), Density Logging (DEN), Acoustic (AC), Compensated Neutron Logging (CNL), and True Formation Resistivity (RT) by translating diagenetic facies to well log responses, the diagenetic facies were defined by a set of log responses, and porosity, permeability ranges for each diagenetic facies were determined from core analyses. Well log data of Luo 13 and Chi 212 are processed to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive model. The diagenetic facies are predicted on the vertical profile based on the generated model. Predicted distribution of diagenetic facies precisely coincide with the microscopic observations, and diagenetic facies in Chang 8 sandstones are generally locally distributed. Tight compaction and carbonate cementation diagenetic facies mainly correspond to the non-reservoir and dry layers of Chang 8 sandstones, layers with higher oil potentials are mainly developed in the grain-coating chlorite weak dissolution and unstable component dissolution diagenetic facies. By translating diagenetic facies to well log responses, diagenetic facies and reservoir properties of intervals that lack core control could be predicted with the same or similar log responses.

The conventional SAR controller for DLL applications is shown in this paper to have the problem of dead lock. With this problem, the DLLs adopting the SAR controller are useless because they will go unlocked forever in face of supply voltage and temperature variations. An improved SAR controller is proposed to overcome this problem and then to rescue the DLLs.

The mechanism of telomerase activation is still not clear till now. In order to understand the expressional mode of telomerase and the mechanism of telomerase activation in laryngeal carcinogenesis, we cloned a fragment of hTERT cDNA and prepared a monoclonal antibody against hTERT. We performed immuno-histochemical staining in laryngeal cancer tissues using this antibody. We found that the frequencies of hTERT positive cells were positively correlated with undifferentiation of cancer tissues and that the expression of hTERT was positively correlated with levels of c-Myc, which suggested that c-Myc might play an important role in activation of telomerase. These results revealed that overexpression of c-Myc upregulated telomerase, which in turn resulted in immortalization of laryngeal squamous cells, and this mechanism existed not only in the initiation of laryngeal carcinogenesis but also in the whole process of cancer development.

We describe an efficient, safe, and effective method for constructing a satisfactory composite venous conduit from 2 portions of saphenous vein, which by themselves would be inadequate in length to function as independent conduits.